Merge pull request #928 from zxzxwu/avdtp

AVDTP: Avoid explicit in_use management

bumble/att.py

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ from typing_extensions import TypeIs
 
 from bumble import hci, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidOperationError, ProtocolError
+from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidOperationError, InvalidPacketError, ProtocolError
 from bumble.hci import HCI_Object
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -249,6 +249,8 @@ class ATT_PDU:
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> ATT_PDU:
+        if not pdu:
+            raise InvalidPacketError("Empty ATT PDU")
         op_code = pdu[0]
 
         subclass = ATT_PDU.pdu_classes.get(op_code)
@@ -1081,7 +1083,7 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
         else:
             value_str = str(self.value)
         if value_str:
-            value_string = f', value={self.value.hex()}'
+            value_string = f', value={value_str}'
         else:
             value_string = ''
         return (

bumble/avdtp.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import abc
 import asyncio
 import enum
 import logging
@@ -311,6 +312,13 @@ class MessageAssembler:
     def on_pdu(self, pdu: bytes) -> None:
         self.packet_count += 1
 
+        # Drop empty PDUs sent by remote — accessing pdu[0] below would
+        # raise IndexError, propagating up to the L2CAP read loop and
+        # tearing down the channel. Same class as #912 (ATT empty PDU).
+        if not pdu:
+            logger.warning('AVDTP message assembler: empty PDU dropped')
+            return
+
         transaction_label = pdu[0] >> 4
         packet_type = Protocol.PacketType((pdu[0] >> 2) & 3)
         message_type = Message.MessageType(pdu[0] & 3)
@@ -324,6 +332,23 @@ class MessageAssembler:
             Protocol.PacketType.SINGLE_PACKET,
             Protocol.PacketType.START_PACKET,
         ):
+            # Both single and start packets carry the signal identifier in
+            # pdu[1]; start packets additionally carry the packet count in
+            # pdu[2]. Guard each access so a malformed remote frame can't
+            # crash the message assembler.
+            if len(pdu) < 2:
+                logger.warning(
+                    'AVDTP %s packet too short (%d bytes); dropped',
+                    packet_type.name,
+                    len(pdu),
+                )
+                return
+            if packet_type == Protocol.PacketType.START_PACKET and len(pdu) < 3:
+                logger.warning(
+                    'AVDTP START packet missing signal-packet count; dropped'
+                )
+                return
+
             if self.message is not None:
                 # The previous message has not been terminated
                 logger.warning(
@@ -1453,8 +1478,23 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
             handler = getattr(self, handler_name, None)
             if handler:
                 try:
-                    response = handler(message)
+                    result = handler(message)
-                    self.send_message(transaction_label, response)
+                    if asyncio.iscoroutine(result):
+
+                        async def wait_and_send() -> None:
+                            try:
+                                response = await result
+                                if response:
+                                    self.send_message(transaction_label, response)
+                            except Exception:
+                                logger.exception(
+                                    color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red")
+                                )
+
+                        utils.cancel_on_event(self, self.EVENT_CLOSE, wait_and_send())
+                    else:
+                        if result:
+                            self.send_message(transaction_label, result)
                 except Exception:
                     logger.exception(color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red"))
             else:
@@ -1535,7 +1575,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def send_command(self, command: Message):
         # TODO: support timeouts
         # Send the command
-        (transaction_label, transaction_result) = await self.start_transaction()
+        transaction_label, transaction_result = await self.start_transaction()
         self.send_message(transaction_label, command)
 
         # Wait for the response
@@ -1600,14 +1640,14 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def abort(self, seid: int) -> Abort_Response:
         return await self.send_command(Abort_Command(seid))
 
-    def on_discover_command(self, command: Discover_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_discover_command(self, command: Discover_Command) -> Message | None:
         endpoint_infos = [
             EndPointInfo(endpoint.seid, 0, endpoint.media_type, endpoint.tsep)
             for endpoint in self.local_endpoints
         ]
         return Discover_Response(endpoint_infos)
 
-    def on_get_capabilities_command(
+    async def on_get_capabilities_command(
         self, command: Get_Capabilities_Command
     ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
@@ -1616,7 +1656,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         return Get_Capabilities_Response(endpoint.capabilities)
 
-    def on_get_all_capabilities_command(
+    async def on_get_all_capabilities_command(
         self, command: Get_All_Capabilities_Command
     ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
@@ -1625,7 +1665,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         return Get_All_Capabilities_Response(endpoint.capabilities)
 
-    def on_set_configuration_command(
+    async def on_set_configuration_command(
         self, command: Set_Configuration_Command
     ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
@@ -1640,10 +1680,10 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         stream = Stream(self, endpoint, StreamEndPointProxy(self, command.int_seid))
         self.streams[command.acp_seid] = stream
 
-        result = stream.on_set_configuration_command(command.capabilities)
+        result = await stream.on_set_configuration_command(command.capabilities)
         return result or Set_Configuration_Response()
 
-    def on_get_configuration_command(
+    async def on_get_configuration_command(
         self, command: Get_Configuration_Command
     ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
@@ -1652,29 +1692,31 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         if endpoint.stream is None:
             return Get_Configuration_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        return endpoint.stream.on_get_configuration_command()
+        return await endpoint.stream.on_get_configuration_command()
 
-    def on_reconfigure_command(self, command: Reconfigure_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_reconfigure_command(
+        self, command: Reconfigure_Command
+    ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None:
             return Reconfigure_Reject(error_code=AVDTP_BAD_ACP_SEID_ERROR)
         if endpoint.stream is None:
             return Reconfigure_Reject(error_code=AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = endpoint.stream.on_reconfigure_command(command.capabilities)
+        result = await endpoint.stream.on_reconfigure_command(command.capabilities)
         return result or Reconfigure_Response()
 
-    def on_open_command(self, command: Open_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_open_command(self, command: Open_Command) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None:
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_ACP_SEID_ERROR)
         if endpoint.stream is None:
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = endpoint.stream.on_open_command()
+        result = await endpoint.stream.on_open_command()
         return result or Open_Response()
 
-    def on_start_command(self, command: Start_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_start_command(self, command: Start_Command) -> Message | None:
         for seid in command.acp_seids:
             endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(seid)
             if endpoint is None:
@@ -1688,12 +1730,12 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
             endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(seid)
             if not endpoint or not endpoint.stream:
                 raise InvalidStateError("Should already be checked!")
-            if (result := endpoint.stream.on_start_command()) is not None:
+            if (result := await endpoint.stream.on_start_command()) is not None:
                 return result
 
         return Start_Response()
 
-    def on_suspend_command(self, command: Suspend_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_suspend_command(self, command: Suspend_Command) -> Message | None:
         for seid in command.acp_seids:
             endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(seid)
             if endpoint is None:
@@ -1707,45 +1749,47 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
             endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(seid)
             if not endpoint or not endpoint.stream:
                 raise InvalidStateError("Should already be checked!")
-            if (result := endpoint.stream.on_suspend_command()) is not None:
+            if (result := await endpoint.stream.on_suspend_command()) is not None:
                 return result
 
         return Suspend_Response()
 
-    def on_close_command(self, command: Close_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_close_command(self, command: Close_Command) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None:
             return Close_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_ACP_SEID_ERROR)
         if endpoint.stream is None:
             return Close_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = endpoint.stream.on_close_command()
+        result = await endpoint.stream.on_close_command()
         return result or Close_Response()
 
-    def on_abort_command(self, command: Abort_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_abort_command(self, command: Abort_Command) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None or endpoint.stream is None:
             return Abort_Response()
 
-        endpoint.stream.on_abort_command()
+        await endpoint.stream.on_abort_command()
         return Abort_Response()
 
-    def on_security_control_command(
+    async def on_security_control_command(
         self, command: Security_Control_Command
     ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None:
             return Security_Control_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_ACP_SEID_ERROR)
 
-        result = endpoint.on_security_control_command(command.data)
+        result = await endpoint.on_security_control_command(command.data)
         return result or Security_Control_Response()
 
-    def on_delayreport_command(self, command: DelayReport_Command) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_delayreport_command(
+        self, command: DelayReport_Command
+    ) -> Message | None:
         endpoint = self.get_local_endpoint_by_seid(command.acp_seid)
         if endpoint is None:
             return DelayReport_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_ACP_SEID_ERROR)
 
-        result = endpoint.on_delayreport_command(command.delay)
+        result = await endpoint.on_delayreport_command(command.delay)
         return result or DelayReport_Response()
 
 
@@ -1903,25 +1947,22 @@ class Stream:
             await self.rtp_channel.disconnect()
             self.rtp_channel = None
 
-        # Release the endpoint
-        self.local_endpoint.in_use = 0
-
         self.change_state(State.IDLE)
 
-    def on_set_configuration_command(
+    async def on_set_configuration_command(
         self, configuration: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities]
     ) -> Message | None:
         if self.state != State.IDLE:
             return Set_Configuration_Reject(error_code=AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_set_configuration_command(configuration)
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_set_configuration_command(configuration)
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
         self.change_state(State.CONFIGURED)
         return None
 
-    def on_get_configuration_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_get_configuration_command(self) -> Message | None:
         if self.state not in (
             State.CONFIGURED,
             State.OPEN,
@@ -1929,25 +1970,25 @@ class Stream:
         ):
             return Get_Configuration_Reject(error_code=AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        return self.local_endpoint.on_get_configuration_command()
+        return await self.local_endpoint.on_get_configuration_command()
 
-    def on_reconfigure_command(
+    async def on_reconfigure_command(
         self, configuration: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities]
     ) -> Message | None:
         if self.state != State.OPEN:
             return Reconfigure_Reject(error_code=AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_reconfigure_command(configuration)
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_reconfigure_command(configuration)
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
         return None
 
-    def on_open_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_open_command(self) -> Message | None:
         if self.state != State.CONFIGURED:
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_open_command()
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_open_command()
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
@@ -1957,7 +1998,7 @@ class Stream:
         self.change_state(State.OPEN)
         return None
 
-    def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
         if self.state != State.OPEN:
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
@@ -1966,29 +2007,29 @@ class Stream:
             logger.warning('received start command before RTP channel establishment')
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_start_command()
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_start_command()
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
         self.change_state(State.STREAMING)
         return None
 
-    def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
         if self.state != State.STREAMING:
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_suspend_command()
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_suspend_command()
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
         self.change_state(State.OPEN)
         return None
 
-    def on_close_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_close_command(self) -> Message | None:
         if self.state not in (State.OPEN, State.STREAMING):
             return Open_Reject(AVDTP_BAD_STATE_ERROR)
 
-        result = self.local_endpoint.on_close_command()
+        result = await self.local_endpoint.on_close_command()
         if result is not None:
             return result
 
@@ -2003,7 +2044,8 @@ class Stream:
 
         return None
 
-    def on_abort_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_abort_command(self) -> Message | None:
+        await self.local_endpoint.on_abort_command()
         if self.rtp_channel is None:
             # No need to wait
             self.change_state(State.IDLE)
@@ -2028,7 +2070,6 @@ class Stream:
     def on_l2cap_channel_close(self) -> None:
         logger.debug(color('<<< stream channel closed', 'magenta'))
         self.local_endpoint.on_rtp_channel_close()
-        self.local_endpoint.in_use = 0
         self.rtp_channel = None
 
         if self.state in (State.CLOSING, State.ABORTING):
@@ -2053,7 +2094,6 @@ class Stream:
         self.state = State.IDLE
 
         local_endpoint.stream = self
-        local_endpoint.in_use = 1
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
@@ -2063,14 +2103,16 @@ class Stream:
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@dataclass
+class StreamEndPoint(abc.ABC):
-class StreamEndPoint:
     seid: int
     media_type: MediaType
     tsep: StreamEndPointType
-    in_use: int
     capabilities: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities]
 
+    @property
+    def in_use(self) -> int:
+        raise NotImplementedError()
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class StreamEndPointProxy:
@@ -2110,14 +2152,30 @@ class DiscoveredStreamEndPoint(StreamEndPoint, StreamEndPointProxy):
         in_use: int,
         capabilities: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities],
     ) -> None:
-        StreamEndPoint.__init__(self, seid, media_type, tsep, in_use, capabilities)
+        # StreamEndPoint attributes
-        StreamEndPointProxy.__init__(self, protocol, seid)
+        self.seid = seid
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.tsep = tsep
+        self._in_use = in_use
+        self.capabilities = capabilities
+
+        StreamEndPointProxy.__init__(self, protocol=protocol, seid=seid)
+
+    @property
+    def in_use(self) -> int:
+        return self._in_use
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class LocalStreamEndPoint(StreamEndPoint, utils.EventEmitter):
     stream: Stream | None
 
+    @property
+    def in_use(self) -> int:
+        if self.stream and self.stream.state != State.IDLE:
+            return 1
+        return 0
+
     EVENT_CONFIGURATION = "configuration"
     EVENT_OPEN = "open"
     EVENT_START = "start"
@@ -2140,8 +2198,13 @@ class LocalStreamEndPoint(StreamEndPoint, utils.EventEmitter):
         capabilities: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities],
         configuration: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities] | None = None,
     ):
-        StreamEndPoint.__init__(self, seid, media_type, tsep, 0, capabilities)
         utils.EventEmitter.__init__(self)
+        # StreamEndPoint attributes
+        self.seid = seid
+        self.media_type = media_type
+        self.tsep = tsep
+        self.capabilities = capabilities
+
         self.protocol = protocol
         self.configuration = configuration if configuration is not None else []
         self.stream = None
@@ -2155,13 +2218,13 @@ class LocalStreamEndPoint(StreamEndPoint, utils.EventEmitter):
     async def close(self) -> None:
         """[Source Only] Handles when receiving close command."""
 
-    def on_reconfigure_command(
+    async def on_reconfigure_command(
         self, command: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities]
     ) -> Message | None:
         del command  # unused.
         return None
 
-    def on_set_configuration_command(
+    async def on_set_configuration_command(
         self, configuration: Iterable[ServiceCapabilities]
     ) -> Message | None:
         logger.debug(
@@ -2172,34 +2235,34 @@ class LocalStreamEndPoint(StreamEndPoint, utils.EventEmitter):
         self.emit(self.EVENT_CONFIGURATION)
         return None
 
-    def on_get_configuration_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_get_configuration_command(self) -> Message | None:
         return Get_Configuration_Response(self.configuration)
 
-    def on_open_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_open_command(self) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_OPEN)
         return None
 
-    def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_START)
         return None
 
-    def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_SUSPEND)
         return None
 
-    def on_close_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_close_command(self) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_CLOSE)
         return None
 
-    def on_abort_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_abort_command(self) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_ABORT)
         return None
 
-    def on_delayreport_command(self, delay: int) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_delayreport_command(self, delay: int) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_DELAY_REPORT, delay)
         return None
 
-    def on_security_control_command(self, data: bytes) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_security_control_command(self, data: bytes) -> Message | None:
         self.emit(self.EVENT_SECURITY_CONTROL, data)
         return None
 
@@ -2227,12 +2290,12 @@ class LocalSource(LocalStreamEndPoint):
             codec_capabilities,
         ] + list(other_capabilities)
         super().__init__(
-            protocol,
+            protocol=protocol,
-            seid,
+            seid=seid,
-            codec_capabilities.media_type,
+            media_type=codec_capabilities.media_type,
-            AVDTP_TSEP_SRC,
+            tsep=AVDTP_TSEP_SRC,
-            capabilities,
+            capabilities=capabilities,
-            capabilities,
+            configuration=capabilities,
         )
         self.packet_pump = packet_pump
 
@@ -2251,13 +2314,13 @@ class LocalSource(LocalStreamEndPoint):
         self.emit(self.EVENT_STOP)
 
     @override
-    def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_start_command(self) -> Message | None:
-        asyncio.create_task(self.start())
+        await self.start()
         return None
 
     @override
-    def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
+    async def on_suspend_command(self) -> Message | None:
-        asyncio.create_task(self.stop())
+        await self.stop()
         return None
 
 
@@ -2271,11 +2334,11 @@ class LocalSink(LocalStreamEndPoint):
             codec_capabilities,
         ]
         super().__init__(
-            protocol,
+            protocol=protocol,
-            seid,
+            seid=seid,
-            codec_capabilities.media_type,
+            media_type=codec_capabilities.media_type,
-            AVDTP_TSEP_SNK,
+            tsep=AVDTP_TSEP_SNK,
-            capabilities,
+            capabilities=capabilities,
         )
 
     def on_rtp_channel_open(self) -> None:

bumble/device.py

@@ -2343,6 +2343,9 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
     _pending_cis: dict[int, tuple[int, int]]
     gatt_service: gatt_service.GenericAttributeProfileService | None = None
     keystore: KeyStore | None = None
+    inquiry_response: bytes | None = None
+    address_resolver: smp.AddressResolver | None = None
+    connect_own_address_type: hci.OwnAddressType | None = None
 
     EVENT_ADVERTISEMENT = "advertisement"
     EVENT_PERIODIC_ADVERTISING_SYNC_TRANSFER = "periodic_advertising_sync_transfer"
@@ -2461,17 +2464,12 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
         self.bis_links = {}
         self.big_syncs = {}
         self.classic_enabled = False
-        self.inquiry_response = None
-        self.address_resolver = None
         self.classic_pending_accepts = {
             hci.Address.ANY: []
         }  # Futures, by BD address OR [Futures] for hci.Address.ANY
 
         self._cis_lock = asyncio.Lock()
 
-        # Own address type cache
-        self.connect_own_address_type = None
-
         self.name = config.name
         self.public_address = hci.Address.ANY
         self.random_address = config.address
@@ -5618,8 +5616,8 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
     async def notify_subscriber(
         self,
         connection: Connection,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: Attribute[_T],
-        value: Any | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         """
@@ -5638,7 +5636,7 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
         await self.gatt_server.notify_subscriber(connection, attribute, value, force)
 
     async def notify_subscribers(
-        self, attribute: Attribute, value: Any | None = None, force: bool = False
+        self, attribute: Attribute[_T], value: _T | None = None, force: bool = False
     ) -> None:
         """
         Send a notification to all the subscribers of an attribute.
@@ -5657,8 +5655,8 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
     async def indicate_subscriber(
         self,
         connection: Connection,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: Attribute[_T],
-        value: Any | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ):
         """
@@ -5679,7 +5677,7 @@ class Device(utils.CompositeEventEmitter):
         await self.gatt_server.indicate_subscriber(connection, attribute, value, force)
 
     async def indicate_subscribers(
-        self, attribute: Attribute, value: Any | None = None, force: bool = False
+        self, attribute: Attribute[_T], value: _T | None = None, force: bool = False
     ):
         """
         Send an indication to all the subscribers of an attribute.

bumble/gatt_server.py

@@ -67,6 +67,8 @@ GATT_SERVER_DEFAULT_MAX_MTU = 517
 # Helpers
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+_T = TypeVar('_T')
+
 
 def _bearer_id(bearer: att.Bearer) -> str:
     if att.is_enhanced_bearer(bearer):
@@ -369,8 +371,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def notify_subscriber(
         self,
         bearer: att.Bearer,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         if att.is_enhanced_bearer(bearer) or force:
@@ -390,8 +392,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def _notify_single_subscriber(
         self,
         bearer: att.Bearer,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None,
+        value: _T | None,
         force: bool,
     ) -> None:
         # Check if there's a subscriber
@@ -411,19 +413,19 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                 return
 
         # Get or encode the value
-        value = (
+        value_as_bytes = (
             await attribute.read_value(bearer)
             if value is None
             else attribute.encode_value(value)
         )
 
         # Truncate if needed
-        if len(value) > bearer.att_mtu - 3:
+        if len(value_as_bytes) > bearer.att_mtu - 3:
-            value = value[: bearer.att_mtu - 3]
+            value_as_bytes = value_as_bytes[: bearer.att_mtu - 3]
 
         # Notify
         notification = att.ATT_Handle_Value_Notification(
-            attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value
+            attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value_as_bytes
         )
         logger.debug(f'GATT Notify from server: {_bearer_id(bearer)} {notification}')
         self.send_gatt_pdu(bearer, bytes(notification))
@@ -431,8 +433,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def indicate_subscriber(
         self,
         bearer: att.Bearer,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         if att.is_enhanced_bearer(bearer) or force:
@@ -452,8 +454,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def _indicate_single_bearer(
         self,
         bearer: att.Bearer,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None,
+        value: _T | None,
         force: bool,
     ) -> None:
         # Check if there's a subscriber
@@ -473,19 +475,19 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                 return
 
         # Get or encode the value
-        value = (
+        value_as_bytes = (
             await attribute.read_value(bearer)
             if value is None
             else attribute.encode_value(value)
         )
 
         # Truncate if needed
-        if len(value) > bearer.att_mtu - 3:
+        if len(value_as_bytes) > bearer.att_mtu - 3:
-            value = value[: bearer.att_mtu - 3]
+            value_as_bytes = value_as_bytes[: bearer.att_mtu - 3]
 
         # Indicate
         indication = att.ATT_Handle_Value_Indication(
-            attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value
+            attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value_as_bytes
         )
         logger.debug(f'GATT Indicate from server: {_bearer_id(bearer)} {indication}')
 
@@ -510,8 +512,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def _notify_or_indicate_subscribers(
         self,
         indicate: bool,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         # Get all the bearers for which there's at least one subscription
@@ -537,8 +539,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     async def notify_subscribers(
         self,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ):
         return await self._notify_or_indicate_subscribers(
@@ -547,8 +549,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     async def indicate_subscribers(
         self,
-        attribute: att.Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute[_T],
-        value: bytes | None = None,
+        value: _T | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ):
         return await self._notify_or_indicate_subscribers(True, attribute, value, force)

bumble/hfp.py

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ class HfpProtocolError(ProtocolError):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HfpProtocol:
+    MAX_BUFFER_SIZE: ClassVar[int] = 65536
+
     dlc: rfcomm.DLC
     buffer: str
     lines: collections.deque
@@ -84,10 +86,19 @@ class HfpProtocol:
     def feed(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         # Convert the data to a string if needed
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
-            data = data.decode('utf-8')
+            data = data.decode('utf-8', errors='replace')
 
         logger.debug(f'<<< Data received: {data}')
 
+        # Drop incoming data if it would overflow the buffer; keep existing
+        # partial packet state intact so a future clean packet can still parse.
+        if len(self.buffer) + len(data) > self.MAX_BUFFER_SIZE:
+            logger.warning(
+                'HFP buffer overflow (>%d bytes), dropping incoming data',
+                self.MAX_BUFFER_SIZE,
+            )
+            return
+
         # Add to the buffer and look for lines
         self.buffer += data
         while (separator := self.buffer.find('\r')) >= 0:

bumble/sdp.py

@@ -44,6 +44,12 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
+# SDP data elements are nested (SEQUENCE, ALTERNATIVE). Cap parse recursion to
+# prevent a malicious peer from crashing the process via a deeply nested PDU.
+# 32 levels is well beyond anything a legitimate service record uses.
+_MAX_DATA_ELEMENT_NESTING = 32
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -148,32 +154,6 @@ class DataElement:
     ALTERNATIVE = Type.ALTERNATIVE
     URL = Type.URL
 
-    TYPE_CONSTRUCTORS = {
-        NIL: lambda x: DataElement(DataElement.NIL, None),
-        UNSIGNED_INTEGER: lambda x, y: DataElement(
-            DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER,
-            DataElement.unsigned_integer_from_bytes(x),
-            value_size=y,
-        ),
-        SIGNED_INTEGER: lambda x, y: DataElement(
-            DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER,
-            DataElement.signed_integer_from_bytes(x),
-            value_size=y,
-        ),
-        UUID: lambda x: DataElement(
-            DataElement.UUID, core.UUID.from_bytes(bytes(reversed(x)))
-        ),
-        TEXT_STRING: lambda x: DataElement(DataElement.TEXT_STRING, x),
-        BOOLEAN: lambda x: DataElement(DataElement.BOOLEAN, x[0] == 1),
-        SEQUENCE: lambda x: DataElement(
-            DataElement.SEQUENCE, DataElement.list_from_bytes(x)
-        ),
-        ALTERNATIVE: lambda x: DataElement(
-            DataElement.ALTERNATIVE, DataElement.list_from_bytes(x)
-        ),
-        URL: lambda x: DataElement(DataElement.URL, x.decode('utf8')),
-    }
-
     type: Type
     value: Any
     value_size: int | None = None
@@ -190,279 +170,354 @@ class DataElement:
                     'integer types must have a value size specified'
                 )
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def nil() -> DataElement:
+    def nil(cls) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.NIL, None)
+        return cls(cls.NIL, None)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def unsigned_integer(value: int, value_size: int) -> DataElement:
+    def unsigned_integer(cls, value: int, value_size: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size)
+        return cls(cls.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def unsigned_integer_8(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def unsigned_integer_8(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=1)
+        return cls(cls.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=1)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def unsigned_integer_16(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def unsigned_integer_16(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=2)
+        return cls(cls.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=2)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def unsigned_integer_32(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def unsigned_integer_32(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=4)
+        return cls(cls.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=4)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def signed_integer(value: int, value_size: int) -> DataElement:
+    def signed_integer(cls, value: int, value_size: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size)
+        return cls(cls.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def signed_integer_8(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def signed_integer_8(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=1)
+        return cls(cls.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=1)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def signed_integer_16(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def signed_integer_16(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=2)
+        return cls(cls.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=2)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def signed_integer_32(value: int) -> DataElement:
+    def signed_integer_32(cls, value: int) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=4)
+        return cls(cls.SIGNED_INTEGER, value, value_size=4)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def uuid(value: core.UUID) -> DataElement:
+    def uuid(cls, value: core.UUID) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.UUID, value)
+        return cls(cls.UUID, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def text_string(value: bytes) -> DataElement:
+    def text_string(cls, value: bytes) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.TEXT_STRING, value)
+        return cls(cls.TEXT_STRING, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def boolean(value: bool) -> DataElement:
+    def boolean(cls, value: bool) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.BOOLEAN, value)
+        return cls(cls.BOOLEAN, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def sequence(value: Iterable[DataElement]) -> DataElement:
+    def sequence(cls, value: Iterable[DataElement]) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.SEQUENCE, value)
+        return cls(cls.SEQUENCE, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def alternative(value: Iterable[DataElement]) -> DataElement:
+    def alternative(cls, value: Iterable[DataElement]) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.ALTERNATIVE, value)
+        return cls(cls.ALTERNATIVE, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def url(value: str) -> DataElement:
+    def url(cls, value: str) -> DataElement:
-        return DataElement(DataElement.URL, value)
+        return cls(cls.URL, value)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def unsigned_integer_from_bytes(data):
+    def unsigned_integer_from_bytes(cls, data: bytes, offset: int, length: int) -> int:
-        if len(data) == 1:
+        match length:
-            return data[0]
+            case 1:
+                return data[offset]
+            case 2:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>H', data, offset)[0]
+            case 4:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>I', data, offset)[0]
+            case 8:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>Q', data, offset)[0]
+            case invalid_length:
+                raise InvalidPacketError(f'invalid integer length {invalid_length}')
 
-        if len(data) == 2:
+    @classmethod
-            return struct.unpack('>H', data)[0]
+    def signed_integer_from_bytes(cls, data: bytes, offset: int, length: int) -> int:
+        match length:
+            case 1:
+                return struct.unpack_from('b', data, offset)[0]
+            case 2:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>h', data, offset)[0]
+            case 4:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>i', data, offset)[0]
+            case 8:
+                return struct.unpack_from('>q', data, offset)[0]
+            case invalid_length:
+                raise InvalidPacketError(f'invalid integer length {invalid_length}')
 
-        if len(data) == 4:
+    @classmethod
-            return struct.unpack('>I', data)[0]
+    def parse_from_bytes(cls, data: bytes, offset: int) -> tuple[int, DataElement]:
+        parser = DataElementParser(data, offset)
+        element = parser.parse_next()
+        return parser.offset, element
 
-        if len(data) == 8:
+    @classmethod
-            return struct.unpack('>Q', data)[0]
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> DataElement:
+        return DataElementParser(data).parse_next()
 
-        raise InvalidPacketError(f'invalid integer length {len(data)}')
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def signed_integer_from_bytes(data):
-        if len(data) == 1:
-            return struct.unpack('b', data)[0]
-
-        if len(data) == 2:
-            return struct.unpack('>h', data)[0]
-
-        if len(data) == 4:
-            return struct.unpack('>i', data)[0]
-
-        if len(data) == 8:
-            return struct.unpack('>q', data)[0]
-
-        raise InvalidPacketError(f'invalid integer length {len(data)}')
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def list_from_bytes(data):
-        elements = []
-        while data:
-            element = DataElement.from_bytes(data)
-            elements.append(element)
-            data = data[len(bytes(element)) :]
-        return elements
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def parse_from_bytes(data, offset):
-        element = DataElement.from_bytes(data[offset:])
-        return offset + len(bytes(element)), element
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(data):
-        element_type = data[0] >> 3
-        size_index = data[0] & 7
-        value_offset = 0
-        if size_index == 0:
-            if element_type == DataElement.NIL:
-                value_size = 0
-            else:
-                value_size = 1
-        elif size_index == 1:
-            value_size = 2
-        elif size_index == 2:
-            value_size = 4
-        elif size_index == 3:
-            value_size = 8
-        elif size_index == 4:
-            value_size = 16
-        elif size_index == 5:
-            value_size = data[1]
-            value_offset = 1
-        elif size_index == 6:
-            value_size = struct.unpack('>H', data[1:3])[0]
-            value_offset = 2
-        else:  # size_index == 7
-            value_size = struct.unpack('>I', data[1:5])[0]
-            value_offset = 4
-
-        value_data = data[1 + value_offset : 1 + value_offset + value_size]
-        constructor = DataElement.TYPE_CONSTRUCTORS.get(element_type)
-        if constructor:
-            if element_type in (
-                DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER,
-                DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER,
-            ):
-                result = constructor(value_data, value_size)
-            else:
-                result = constructor(value_data)
-        else:
-            result = DataElement(element_type, value_data)
-        result._bytes = data[
-            : 1 + value_offset + value_size
-        ]  # Keep a copy so we can re-serialize to an exact replica
-        return result
-
-    def __bytes__(self):
         # Return early if we have a cache
         if self._bytes:
             return self._bytes
 
-        if self.type == DataElement.NIL:
+        match self.type:
-            data = b''
+            case DataElement.NIL:
-        elif self.type == DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
+                data = b''
-            if self.value < 0:
+            case DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('UNSIGNED_INTEGER cannot be negative')
+                if self.value < 0:
+                    raise InvalidArgumentError('UNSIGNED_INTEGER cannot be negative')
 
-            if self.value_size == 1:
+                match self.value_size:
-                data = struct.pack('B', self.value)
+                    case 1:
-            elif self.value_size == 2:
+                        data = struct.pack('B', self.value)
-                data = struct.pack('>H', self.value)
+                    case 2:
-            elif self.value_size == 4:
+                        data = struct.pack('>H', self.value)
-                data = struct.pack('>I', self.value)
+                    case 4:
-            elif self.value_size == 8:
+                        data = struct.pack('>I', self.value)
-                data = struct.pack('>Q', self.value)
+                    case 8:
-            else:
+                        data = struct.pack('>Q', self.value)
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid value_size')
+                    case invalid_length:
-        elif self.type == DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER:
+                        raise InvalidArgumentError(
-            if self.value_size == 1:
+                            f'invalid value_size of {invalid_length}'
-                data = struct.pack('b', self.value)
+                        )
-            elif self.value_size == 2:
+            case DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER:
-                data = struct.pack('>h', self.value)
+                match self.value_size:
-            elif self.value_size == 4:
+                    case 1:
-                data = struct.pack('>i', self.value)
+                        data = struct.pack('b', self.value)
-            elif self.value_size == 8:
+                    case 2:
-                data = struct.pack('>q', self.value)
+                        data = struct.pack('>h', self.value)
-            else:
+                    case 4:
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid value_size')
+                        data = struct.pack('>i', self.value)
-        elif self.type == DataElement.UUID:
+                    case 8:
-            data = bytes(reversed(bytes(self.value)))
+                        data = struct.pack('>q', self.value)
-        elif self.type == DataElement.URL:
+                    case invalid_length:
-            data = self.value.encode('utf8')
+                        raise InvalidArgumentError(
-        elif self.type == DataElement.BOOLEAN:
+                            f'invalid value_size of {invalid_length}'
-            data = bytes([1 if self.value else 0])
+                        )
-        elif self.type in (DataElement.SEQUENCE, DataElement.ALTERNATIVE):
+            case DataElement.UUID:
-            data = b''.join([bytes(element) for element in self.value])
+                data = bytes(self.value)[::-1]
-        else:
+            case DataElement.URL:
-            data = self.value
+                data = self.value.encode('utf8')
+            case DataElement.BOOLEAN:
+                data = bytes([1 if self.value else 0])
+            case DataElement.SEQUENCE | DataElement.ALTERNATIVE:
+                data = b''.join([bytes(element) for element in self.value])
+            case _:
+                data = self.value
 
         size = len(data)
         size_bytes = b''
-        if self.type == DataElement.NIL:
+        match self.type:
-            if size != 0:
+            case DataElement.NIL:
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('NIL must be empty')
+                if size != 0:
-            size_index = 0
+                    raise InvalidArgumentError('NIL must be empty')
-        elif self.type in (
-            DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER,
-            DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER,
-            DataElement.UUID,
-        ):
-            if size <= 1:
                 size_index = 0
-            elif size == 2:
+            case (
-                size_index = 1
+                DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER
-            elif size == 4:
+                | DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER
-                size_index = 2
+                | DataElement.UUID
-            elif size == 8:
+            ):
-                size_index = 3
+                if size <= 1:
-            elif size == 16:
+                    size_index = 0
-                size_index = 4
+                elif size == 2:
-            else:
+                    size_index = 1
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid data size')
+                elif size == 4:
-        elif self.type in (
+                    size_index = 2
-            DataElement.TEXT_STRING,
+                elif size == 8:
-            DataElement.SEQUENCE,
+                    size_index = 3
-            DataElement.ALTERNATIVE,
+                elif size == 16:
-            DataElement.URL,
+                    size_index = 4
-        ):
+                else:
-            if size <= 0xFF:
+                    raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid data size')
-                size_index = 5
+            case (
-                size_bytes = bytes([size])
+                DataElement.TEXT_STRING
-            elif size <= 0xFFFF:
+                | DataElement.SEQUENCE
-                size_index = 6
+                | DataElement.ALTERNATIVE
-                size_bytes = struct.pack('>H', size)
+                | DataElement.URL
-            elif size <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
+            ):
-                size_index = 7
+                if size <= 0xFF:
-                size_bytes = struct.pack('>I', size)
+                    size_index = 5
-            else:
+                    size_bytes = bytes([size])
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid data size')
+                elif size <= 0xFFFF:
-        elif self.type == DataElement.BOOLEAN:
+                    size_index = 6
-            if size != 1:
+                    size_bytes = struct.pack('>H', size)
-                raise InvalidArgumentError('boolean must be 1 byte')
+                elif size <= 0xFFFFFFFF:
-            size_index = 0
+                    size_index = 7
-        else:
+                    size_bytes = struct.pack('>I', size)
-            raise RuntimeError("internal error - self.type not supported")
+                else:
+                    raise InvalidArgumentError('invalid data size')
+            case DataElement.BOOLEAN:
+                if size != 1:
+                    raise InvalidArgumentError('boolean must be 1 byte')
+                size_index = 0
+            case unsupported_type:
+                raise core.InvalidPacketError(
+                    f"internal error - {unsupported_type} not supported"
+                )
 
         self._bytes = bytes([self.type << 3 | size_index]) + size_bytes + data
         return self._bytes
 
-    def to_string(self, pretty=False, indentation=0):
+    def to_string(self, pretty: bool = False, indentation: int = 0) -> str:
         prefix = '  ' * indentation
         type_name = self.type.name
-        if self.type == DataElement.NIL:
+        match self.type:
-            value_string = ''
+            case DataElement.NIL:
-        elif self.type in (DataElement.SEQUENCE, DataElement.ALTERNATIVE):
+                value_string = ''
-            container_separator = '\n' if pretty else ''
+            case DataElement.SEQUENCE | DataElement.ALTERNATIVE:
-            element_separator = '\n' if pretty else ','
+                container_separator = '\n' if pretty else ''
-            elements = [
+                element_separator = '\n' if pretty else ','
-                element.to_string(pretty, indentation + 1 if pretty else 0)
+                elements = [
-                for element in self.value
+                    element.to_string(pretty, indentation + 1 if pretty else 0)
-            ]
+                    for element in self.value
-            value_string = (
+                ]
-                f'[{container_separator}'
+                value_string = (
-                f'{element_separator.join(elements)}'
+                    f'[{container_separator}'
-                f'{container_separator}{prefix}]'
+                    f'{element_separator.join(elements)}'
-            )
+                    f'{container_separator}{prefix}]'
-        elif self.type in (DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER, DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER):
+                )
-            value_string = f'{self.value}#{self.value_size}'
+            case DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER | DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER:
-        elif isinstance(self.value, DataElement):
+                value_string = f'{self.value}#{self.value_size}'
-            value_string = self.value.to_string(pretty, indentation)
+            case _:
-        else:
+                if isinstance(self.value, DataElement):
-            value_string = str(self.value)
+                    value_string = self.value.to_string(pretty, indentation)
+                else:
+                    value_string = str(self.value)
         return f'{prefix}{type_name}({value_string})'
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return self.to_string()
 
 
+class DataElementParser:
+    def __init__(
+        self, data: bytes, offset: int = 0, max_depth: int = _MAX_DATA_ELEMENT_NESTING
+    ) -> None:
+        self.data = data
+        self.offset = offset
+        self.depth = 0
+        self.max_depth = max_depth
+
+    def parse_next(self) -> DataElement:
+        if self.offset >= len(self.data):
+            raise core.InvalidStateError(
+                f"offset {self.offset} exceeds len(data) {len(self.data)}"
+            )
+        start_offset = self.offset
+        element_type = DataElement.Type(self.data[self.offset] >> 3)
+        size_index = self.data[self.offset] & 7
+        self.offset += 1
+
+        value_size: int
+        match size_index:
+            case 0:
+                if element_type == DataElement.NIL:
+                    value_size = 0
+                else:
+                    value_size = 1
+            case 1:
+                value_size = 2
+            case 2:
+                value_size = 4
+            case 3:
+                value_size = 8
+            case 4:
+                value_size = 16
+            case 5:
+                value_size = self.data[self.offset]
+                self.offset += 1
+            case 6:
+                value_size = struct.unpack_from('>H', self.data, self.offset)[0]
+                self.offset += 2
+            case 7:
+                value_size = struct.unpack_from('>I', self.data, self.offset)[0]
+                self.offset += 4
+            case _:
+                raise core.UnreachableError()
+
+        value_start = self.offset
+        value_end = self.offset + value_size
+
+        match element_type:
+            case DataElement.NIL:
+                result = DataElement(DataElement.NIL, None)
+            case DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER:
+                result = DataElement(
+                    DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER,
+                    DataElement.unsigned_integer_from_bytes(
+                        self.data, value_start, value_size
+                    ),
+                    value_size=value_size,
+                )
+            case DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER:
+                result = DataElement(
+                    DataElement.SIGNED_INTEGER,
+                    DataElement.signed_integer_from_bytes(
+                        self.data, value_start, value_size
+                    ),
+                    value_size=value_size,
+                )
+            case DataElement.UUID:
+                result = DataElement(
+                    DataElement.UUID,
+                    core.UUID.from_bytes(self.data[value_start:value_end][::-1]),
+                )
+            case DataElement.TEXT_STRING:
+                result = DataElement(
+                    DataElement.TEXT_STRING, self.data[value_start:value_end]
+                )
+            case DataElement.BOOLEAN:
+                result = DataElement(DataElement.BOOLEAN, self.data[value_start] == 1)
+            case DataElement.SEQUENCE | DataElement.ALTERNATIVE:
+                self.offset = value_start
+                result = DataElement(
+                    element_type,
+                    self._list_from_bytes(value_end),
+                )
+                if self.offset != value_end:
+                    logger.warning(
+                        "Expect parsing until offset %d, but ends at %d",
+                        value_end,
+                        self.offset,
+                    )
+            case DataElement.URL:
+                result = DataElement(
+                    DataElement.URL, self.data[value_start:value_end].decode('utf8')
+                )
+            case other_type:
+                result = DataElement(other_type, self.data[value_start:value_end])
+
+        self.offset = value_end
+        result._bytes = self.data[start_offset:value_end]
+
+        return result
+
+    def _list_from_bytes(self, end_offset: int) -> list[DataElement]:
+        if self.depth >= self.max_depth:
+            raise InvalidPacketError(
+                f"SDP data element nesting exceeds max depth " f"({self.max_depth})"
+            )
+        self.depth += 1
+        elements = []
+        while self.offset < end_offset:
+            elements.append(self.parse_next())
+        self.depth -= 1
+        return elements
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @dataclass
 class ServiceAttribute:
@@ -594,7 +649,10 @@ class SDP_PDU:
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> SDP_PDU:
-        pdu_id, transaction_id, _parameters_length = struct.unpack_from('>BHH', pdu, 0)
+        pdu_id, transaction_id, parameters_length = struct.unpack_from('>BHH', pdu, 0)
+
+        if len(pdu) != 5 + parameters_length:
+            logger.warning("Expect %d bytes, got %d", 5 + parameters_length, len(pdu))
 
         subclass = cls.subclasses.get(pdu_id)
         if not (subclass := cls.subclasses.get(pdu_id)):
@@ -616,9 +674,11 @@ class SDP_PDU:
 
     def __bytes__(self):
         if self._payload is None:
-            self._payload = struct.pack(
+            parameters = hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
-                '>BHH', self.pdu_id, self.transaction_id, 0
+            self._payload = (
-            ) + hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
+                struct.pack('>BHH', self.pdu_id, self.transaction_id, len(parameters))
+                + parameters
+            )
         return self._payload
 
     @property

bumble/smp.py

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
     AdvertisingData,
     InvalidArgumentError,
+    InvalidPacketError,
     PhysicalTransport,
     ProtocolError,
 )
@@ -215,6 +216,8 @@ class SMP_Command:
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> SMP_Command:
+        if not pdu:
+            raise InvalidPacketError("Empty SMP PDU")
         code = CommandCode(pdu[0])
 
         subclass = SMP_Command.smp_classes.get(code)

tests/avdtp_test.py

@@ -120,6 +120,31 @@ def test_messages(message: avdtp.Message):
     assert message.payload == parsed.payload
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize(
+    'pdu',
+    (
+        b'',  # empty PDU — would IndexError on pdu[0]
+        b'\x00',  # 1-byte SINGLE_PACKET — would IndexError on pdu[1]
+        b'\x04',  # 1-byte START_PACKET — would IndexError on pdu[1]
+        b'\x44\x10',  # 2-byte START_PACKET — would IndexError on pdu[2]
+    ),
+)
+def test_message_assembler_truncated_pdu(pdu: bytes):
+    """Truncated AVDTP PDUs from a remote peer must NOT raise IndexError —
+    same DoS class as #912 (ATT empty PDU). The assembler is required to
+    log + drop and stay alive so the L2CAP channel survives."""
+    completed = []
+
+    def callback(transaction_label, message):
+        completed.append((transaction_label, message))
+
+    assembler = avdtp.MessageAssembler(callback)
+    # Must not raise; nothing should be delivered to callback either.
+    assembler.on_pdu(pdu)
+    assert not completed
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def test_rtp():
     packet = bytes.fromhex(

tests/sdp_test.py

@@ -18,9 +18,11 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
+import re
 
 import pytest
 
+from bumble import sdp
 from bumble.core import BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID, UUID
 from bumble.sdp import (
     SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
@@ -206,6 +208,16 @@ def sdp_records(record_count=1):
     }
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_pdu_parameter_length(caplog) -> None:
+    caplog.set_level(logging.WARNING)
+    pdu = sdp.SDP_ErrorResponse(
+        transaction_id=0, error_code=sdp.ErrorCode.INVALID_SDP_VERSION
+    )
+    assert sdp.SDP_PDU.from_bytes(bytes(pdu)) == pdu
+    assert not re.search(r"Expect \d+ bytes, got \d+", caplog.text)
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_service_search():
@@ -428,3 +440,43 @@ async def run():
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
     asyncio.run(run())
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_nested_sequence_recursion_guard():
+    """Regression test: deeply-nested SDP SEQUENCE/ALTERNATIVE must not crash
+    the parser with RecursionError. Instead a ValueError is raised once the
+    configured nesting limit is exceeded.
+
+    Root cause: DataElement.from_bytes -> list_from_bytes -> (constructor
+    dispatching back to list_from_bytes for SEQUENCE/ALTERNATIVE) recursed
+    without a depth limit. A malicious SDP peer could craft a PDU exceeding
+    Pythons default recursion limit (~1000 frames) and crash the host.
+    """
+    # Build nested SEQUENCE payload with tag 0x36 (SEQUENCE, 2-byte length).
+    inner = b"\x35\x00"  # empty SEQUENCE terminator
+    for _ in range(1500):
+        size = len(inner)
+        if size >= 65535:
+            break
+        inner = bytes([0x36, (size >> 8) & 0xFF, size & 0xFF]) + inner
+
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="nesting exceeds max depth"):
+        DataElement.from_bytes(inner)
+
+
+def test_nested_sequence_within_limit_still_works():
+    """Nested-but-reasonable SDP SEQUENCEs must still parse correctly."""
+    leaf = DataElement.unsigned_integer(1, value_size=2)
+    payload = leaf
+    for _ in range(16):  # under the 32-depth limit
+        payload = DataElement.sequence([payload])
+    raw = bytes(payload)
+    parsed = DataElement.from_bytes(raw)
+    # Walk back down to confirm structural integrity preserved
+    cur = parsed
+    for _ in range(16):
+        assert cur.type == DataElement.SEQUENCE
+        cur = cur.value[0]
+    assert cur.type == DataElement.UNSIGNED_INTEGER
+    assert cur.value == 1