Add echo (seed for loopback.py)

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,17 +1,7 @@
-# Version 0.11.0
-- Fixed `Mixer.getvolume()` returning outdated value (#126)
-- Fixed PCM crashing with some sample formats due to buffer size
-  miscalculation
-- Fixed `PCM.read()` ignoring overruns (regression in 0.10.0)
-- Reverted to `PCM.write()` not throwing an exception on playback buffer
-  underrun; instead, return -EPIPE like `PCM.read()` does on overrun (#130)
-- Added `PCM.avail()` and `PCM.polldescriptors_revents()` functions
-- Added `nominal_bits` and `physical_bits` entries to `PCM.info()`'s
-  return value
-- Added Python type hint file, and adjusted documentation accordingly (#58)
-- Improvements to the examples, in particular isine.py (#42)
-
-Contributions by @ossilator and @viinikv.
+# Version 0.10.1
+- revert to not throwing an exception on playback buffer underrun;
+  instead, return -EPIPE like `PCM.read()` does on overrun; #131
+- type hints
 
 # Version 0.10.0
 - assorted improvements (#123 from @ossilator)

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 include *.py
-include *.pyi
+include alsaaudio.pyi
 include CHANGES
 include TODO
 include LICENSE

alsaaudio.c

@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ static int alsapcm_setup(alsapcm_t *self)
 	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_period_size(hwparams, &self->periodsize, &dir);
 	snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods(hwparams, &self->periods, &dir);
 
-	self->framesize = self->channels * snd_pcm_format_physical_width(self->format)/8;
+	self->framesize = self->channels * snd_pcm_hw_params_get_sbits(hwparams)/8;
 
 	return res;
 }
@@ -598,12 +598,6 @@ alsapcm_dumpinfo(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
 	val = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_sbits(hwparams);
 	printf("significant bits = %d\n", val);
 
-	val = snd_pcm_format_width(self->format);
-	printf("nominal bits = %d\n", val);
-
-	val = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(self->format);
-	printf("physical bits = %d\n", val);
-
 	val = snd_pcm_hw_params_is_batch(hwparams);
 	printf("is batch = %d\n", val);
 
@@ -784,16 +778,6 @@ alsapcm_info(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
 	PyDict_SetItemString(info,"significant_bits", value);
 	Py_DECREF(value);
 
-	val = snd_pcm_format_width(self->format);
-	value=PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) val);
-	PyDict_SetItemString(info,"nominal_bits", value);
-	Py_DECREF(value);
-
-	val = snd_pcm_format_physical_width(self->format);
-	value=PyLong_FromUnsignedLong((unsigned long) val);
-	PyDict_SetItemString(info,"physical_bits", value);
-	Py_DECREF(value);
-
 	val = snd_pcm_hw_params_is_batch(hwparams);
 	value=PyBool_FromLong((unsigned long) val);
 	PyDict_SetItemString(info,"is_batch", value);
@@ -1170,37 +1154,6 @@ alsapcm_getchannels(alsapcm_t *self,PyObject *args)
 	return out;
 }
 
-static PyObject *
-alsapcm_setchannels(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
-{
-	int channels, saved;
-	int res;
-
-	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,"i:setchannels", &channels))
-		return NULL;
-
-	if (!self->handle) {
-		PyErr_SetString(ALSAAudioError, "PCM device is closed");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
-				 "This function is deprecated. "
-				 "Please use the named parameter `channels` to `PCM()` instead", 1);
-
-	saved = self->channels;
-	self->channels = channels;
-	res = alsapcm_setup(self);
-	if (res < 0)
-	{
-		self->channels = saved;
-		PyErr_Format(ALSAAudioError, "%s [%s]", snd_strerror(res),
-					 self->cardname);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return PyLong_FromLong(self->channels);
-}
-
 static PyObject *
 alsapcm_pcmtype(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
 {
@@ -1243,6 +1196,37 @@ alsapcm_cardname(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
 	return PyUnicode_FromString(self->cardname);
 }
 
+static PyObject *
+alsapcm_setchannels(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
+{
+	int channels, saved;
+	int res;
+
+	if (!PyArg_ParseTuple(args,"i:setchannels", &channels))
+		return NULL;
+
+	if (!self->handle) {
+		PyErr_SetString(ALSAAudioError, "PCM device is closed");
+		return NULL;
+	}
+
+	PyErr_WarnEx(PyExc_DeprecationWarning,
+				 "This function is deprecated. "
+				 "Please use the named parameter `channels` to `PCM()` instead", 1);
+
+	saved = self->channels;
+	self->channels = channels;
+	res = alsapcm_setup(self);
+	if (res < 0)
+	{
+		self->channels = saved;
+		PyErr_Format(ALSAAudioError, "%s [%s]", snd_strerror(res),
+					 self->cardname);
+		return NULL;
+	}
+	return PyLong_FromLong(self->channels);
+}
+
 static PyObject *
 alsapcm_setrate(alsapcm_t *self, PyObject *args)
 {
@@ -1750,7 +1734,6 @@ static PyMethodDef alsapcm_methods[] = {
 	{"pcmtype", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_pcmtype, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"pcmmode", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_pcmmode, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"cardname", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_cardname, METH_VARARGS},
-	{"getchannels", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_getchannels, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"setchannels", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_setchannels, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"setrate", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_setrate, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"setformat", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_setformat, METH_VARARGS},
@@ -1766,6 +1749,7 @@ static PyMethodDef alsapcm_methods[] = {
 	{"getformats", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_getformats, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"getratebounds", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_getratemaxmin, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"getrates", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_getrates, METH_VARARGS},
+	{"getchannels", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_getchannels, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"read", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_read, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"write", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_write, METH_VARARGS},
 	{"avail", (PyCFunction)alsapcm_avail, METH_VARARGS},

alsaaudio.pyi

@@ -75,61 +75,54 @@ VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE: int
 VOLUME_UNITS_RAW: int
 VOLUME_UNITS_DB: int
 
-def pcms(pcmtype: int) -> list[str]: ...
+def pcms(pcmtype:int) -> list[str]: ...
 def cards() -> list[str]: ...
-def mixers(cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> list[str]: ...
+def mixers(cardindex:int=-1, device:str='default') -> list[str]: ...
 def asoundlib_version() -> str: ...
 
 class PCM:
-	def __init__(type: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, mode: int = PCM_NORMAL, rate: int = 44100, channels: int = 2,
-		format: int = PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize: int = 32, periods: int = 4,
-		device: str = 'default', cardindex: int = -1) -> PCM: ...
-	def close() -> None: ...
-	def dumpinfo() -> None: ...
+	def __init__(type:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, mode:int=PCM_NORMAL, rate:int=44100, channels:int=2,
+		format:int=PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize:int=32, periods:int=4,
+		device:str='default', cardindex:int=-1) -> PCM: ...
 	def info() -> dict: ...
-	def state() -> int: ...
-	def htimestamp() -> tuple[int, int, int]: ...
-	def set_tstamp_mode(mode: int = PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) -> None: ...
-	def get_tstamp_mode() -> int: ...
-	def set_tstamp_type(type: int = PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY) -> None: ...
-	def get_tstamp_type() -> int: ...
-	def getformats() -> dict: ...
-	def getratebounds() -> tuple[int, int]: ...
-	def getrates() -> int | tuple[int, int] | list[int]: ...
-	def getchannels() -> list[int]: ...
-	def setchannels(nchannels: int) -> None: ...
 	def pcmtype() -> int: ...
 	def pcmmode() -> int: ...
 	def cardname() -> str: ...
+	def setchannels(nchannels: int) -> None: ...
 	def setrate(rate: int) -> None: ...
 	def setformat(format: int) -> int: ...
 	def setperiodsize(period: int) -> int: ...
+	def dumpinfo() -> None: ...
+	def state() -> int: ...
 	def read() -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
-	def write(data: bytes) -> int: ...
-	def avail() -> int: ...
-	def pause(enable: bool = True) -> int: ...
+	def write(data:bytes) -> int: ...
+	def pause(enable:bool=True) -> int: ...
 	def drop() -> int: ...
 	def drain() -> int: ...
 	def polldescriptors() -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
-	def polldescriptors_revents(descriptors: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> int: ...
+	def set_tstamp_mode(mode:int=PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) -> None: ...
+	def get_tstamp_mode() -> int: ...
+	def set_tstamp_type(type:int=PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY) -> None: ...
+	def get_tstamp_type() -> int: ...
+	def htimestamp() -> tuple[int, int, int]: ...
 
 class Mixer:
-	def __init__(control: str = 'Master', id: int = 0, cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> Mixer: ...
+	def __init__(control:str='Master', id:int=0, cardindex:int=-1, device:str='default') -> Mixer: ...
 	def cardname() -> str: ...
-	def close() -> None: ...
 	def mixer() -> str: ...
 	def mixerid() -> int: ...
 	def switchcap() -> int: ...
 	def volumecap() -> int: ...
-	def getvolume(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int: ...
-	def getrange(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
-	def getenum() -> tuple[str, list[str]]: ...
+	def getenum() -> tuple[ str, list[str]]: ...
+	def setenum(index:int) -> None: ...
+	def getrange(pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, units:int=VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
+	def getvolume(pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, units:int=VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int: ...
+	def setvolume(volume:int, pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, units:int=VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel:int|None=None) -> None: ...
 	def getmute() -> list[int]: ...
+	def setmute(mute:bool, channel:int|None=None) -> None: ...
 	def getrec() -> list[int]: ...
-	def setvolume(volume: int, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
-	def setenum(index: int) -> None: ...
-	def setmute(mute: bool, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
-	def setrec(capture: int, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
+	def setrec(capture:int, channel:int|None=None) -> None: ...
 	def polldescriptors() -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
-	def handleevents() -> int: ...
+	def close() -> None: ...
+
 

doc/conf.py

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ release = version
 #
 # This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
 # Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = 'en'
+language = None
 
 # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
 # directories to ignore when looking for source files.

doc/libalsaaudio.rst

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 
 The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
 
-.. function:: pcms(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK) ->list[str]
+.. function:: pcms(pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK) ->list[str]
 
    List available PCM devices by name.
 
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
    .. function:: card_indexes()
    .. function:: card_name()
 
-.. function:: mixers(cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> list[str]
+.. function:: mixers(cardindex=-1, device='default')
 
    List the available mixers. The arguments are:
 
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
      changed. Since 0.8, this functions returns the mixers for the default
      device, not the mixers for the first card.
 
-.. function:: asoundlib_version() -> str
+.. function:: asoundlib_version()
 
    Return a Python string containing the ALSA version found.
 
@@ -96,12 +96,10 @@ PCM objects in :mod:`alsaaudio` can play or capture (record) PCM
 sound through speakers or a microphone. The PCM constructor takes the
 following arguments:
 
-.. class:: PCM(type: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, mode: int = PCM_NORMAL, rate: int = 44100, channels: int = 2,
-               format: int = PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize: int = 32, periods: int = 4,
-               device: str = 'default', cardindex: int = -1) -> PCM
+.. class:: PCM(type=PCM_PLAYBACK, mode=PCM_NORMAL, rate=44100, channels=2, format=PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize=32, periods=4, device='default', cardindex=-1) -> PCM
 
-   This class is used to represent a PCM device (either for playback or
-   recording). The constructor's arguments are:
+   This class is used to represent a PCM device (either for playback and
+   recording). The arguments are:
 
    * *type* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
      (default).
@@ -159,15 +157,7 @@ following arguments:
 
      **Note:** This should not be used, as it bypasses most of ALSA's configuration.
 
-   The defaults mentioned above are values passed by :mod:alsaaudio
-   to ALSA, not anything internal to ALSA.
-
-   **Note:** For default and non-default values alike, there is no
-   guarantee that a PCM device supports the requested configuration,
-   and ALSA may pick realizable values which it believes to be closest
-   to the request. Therefore, after creating a PCM object, it is
-   necessary to verify whether its realized configuration is acceptable.
-   The :func:info method can be used to query it.
+   This will construct a PCM object with the given settings.
 
    *Changed in 0.10:*
 
@@ -191,25 +181,11 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
 
 .. method:: PCM.info() -> dict
 
-   Returns a dictionary containing the configuration of a PCM device.
+   The info function returns a dictionary containing the configuration of a PCM device. As ALSA takes into account limitations of the hardware and software devices the configuration achieved might not correspond to the values used during creation. There is therefore a need to check the realised configuration before processing the sound coming from the device or before sending sound to a device. A small subset of parameters can be set, but cannot be queried. These parameters are stored by alsaaudio and returned as they were given by the user, to distinguish them from parameters retrieved from ALSA these parameters have a name prefixed with **" (call value) "**. Yet another set of properties derives directly from the hardware and can be obtained through ALSA.
 
-   A small subset of properties reflects fixed parameters given by the
-   user, stored within alsaaudio. To distinguish them from properties
-   retrieved from ALSA when the call is made, they have their name
-   prefixed with **" (call value) "**.
-
-   Descriptions of properties which can be directly set during PCM object
-   instantiation carry the prefix "PCM():", followed by the respective
-   constructor parameter. Note that due to device limitations, the values
-   may deviate from those originally requested.
-
-   Yet another set of properties cannot be set, and derives directly from
-   the hardware, possibly depending on other properties. Those properties'
-   descriptions are prefixed with "hw:" below.
-
-   ===========================  ====================================  ==================================================================
+   ===========================  =============================  ==================================================================
         Key                      Description (Reference)            Type
-   ===========================  ====================================  ==================================================================
+   ===========================  =============================  ==================================================================
    name                         PCM():device                      string
    card_no                      *index of card*                   integer  (negative indicates device not associable with a card)
    device_no                    *index of PCM device*             integer
@@ -233,9 +209,7 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
    buffer_size                  *buffer size*                     integer (frames) (negative indicates error)
    get_periods                  *approx. periods in buffer*       integer (negative indicates error)
    rate_numden                  *numerator, denominator*          tuple (integer (Hz), integer (Hz))
-   significant_bits             *significant bits in sample* [#tss]_  integer (negative indicates error)
-   nominal_bits                 *nominal bits in sample* [#tss]_      integer (negative indicates error)
-   physical_bits                *sample width in bits* [#tss]_        integer (negative indicates error)
+   significant_bits             *significant bits in sample*      integer (negative indicates error)
    is_batch                     *hw: double buffering*            boolean (True: hardware supported)
    is_block_transfer            *hw: block transfer*              boolean (True: hardware supported)
    is_double                    *hw: double buffering*            boolean (True: hardware supported)
@@ -246,32 +220,22 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
    can_pause                    *hw: pause*                       boolean (True: hardware supported)
    can_resume                   *hw: resume*                      boolean (True: hardware supported)
    can_sync_start               *hw: synchronized start*          boolean (True: hardware supported)
-   ===========================  ====================================  ==================================================================
-.. [#tss] More information in the :ref:`terminology section for sample size <term-sample-size>`
+   ===========================  =============================  ==================================================================
 
-..
+   The italicized descriptions give a summary of the "full" description as it can be found in the  `ALSA documentation <https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc>`_. "hw:": indicates that the property indicated relates to the hardware. Parameters passed to the PCM object during instantation are prefixed with "PCM():", they are described there for the keyword argument indicated after "PCM():".
 
-   The italicized descriptions give a summary of the "full" description
-   as can be found in the
-   `ALSA documentation <https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc>`_.
-
-   *New in 0.9.1*
-
-.. method:: PCM.dumpinfo()
-
-   Dumps the PCM object's configured parameters to stdout.
 
 .. method:: PCM.pcmtype() -> int
 
    Returns the type of PCM object. Either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or
    :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`.
 
-.. method:: PCM.pcmmode() -> int
+.. method:: PCM.pcmmode()
 
    Return the mode of the PCM object. One of :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`,
    :const:`PCM_ASYNC`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
 
-.. method:: PCM.cardname() -> string
+.. method:: PCM.cardname()
 
    Return the name of the sound card used by this PCM object.
 
@@ -319,6 +283,12 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
 
    .. deprecated:: 0.9 Use the `periodsize` named argument to :func:`PCM`.
 
+   *New in 0.9.1*
+
+.. method:: PCM.dumpinfo() -> None
+
+   Dumps the PCM object's configured parameters to stdout.
+
 .. method:: PCM.state() -> int
 
    Returs the current state of the stream, which can be one of
@@ -334,20 +304,6 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
 
    *New in 0.10*
 
-.. method:: PCM.avail() -> int
-
-   For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects, returns the number of writable
-   (that is, free) frames in the buffer.
-
-   For :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` PCM objects, returns the number of readable
-   (that is, filled) frames in the buffer.
-
-   An attempt to read/write more frames than indicated will block (in
-   :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode) or fail and return zero (in
-   :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode).
-
-   *New in 0.11*
-
 .. method:: PCM.read() -> tuple[int, bytes]
 
    In :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode, this function blocks until a full period is
@@ -396,7 +352,7 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
    in the kernel, and playout will continue afterwards. Make sure that the
    stream is drained before discarding the PCM handle.
 
-.. method:: PCM.pause([enable: int = True]) -> int
+.. method:: PCM.pause([enable=True]) -> int
 
    If *enable* is :const:`True`, playback or capture is paused.
    Otherwise, playback/capture is resumed.
@@ -417,13 +373,6 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
 
    *New in 0.10*
 
-.. method:: PCM.close() -> None
-
-   Closes the PCM device.
-
-   For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects in :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode,
-   this function blocks until all pending playback is drained.
-
 .. method:: PCM.polldescriptors() -> list[tuple[int, int]]
 
    Returns a list of tuples of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be
@@ -432,16 +381,7 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
    The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python
    :const:`select` module.
 
-.. method:: PCM.polldescriptors_revents(descriptors: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> int
-
-   Processes the descriptor list returned by :func:`polldescriptors` after
-   using it with *select.poll*, and returns a single *eventmask* value that
-   is meaningful for deciding whether :func:`read` or :func:`write` should
-   be called.
-
-   *New in 0.11*
-
-.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_mode([mode: int = PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE])
+.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_mode([mode=PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE]) -> None
 
    Set the ALSA timestamp mode on the device. The mode argument can be set to
    either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_NONE` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE`.
@@ -451,7 +391,7 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
    Return the integer value corresponding to the ALSA timestamp mode. The
    return value can be either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_NONE` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE`.
 
-.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_type([type: int = PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY]) -> None
+.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_type([type=PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY]) -> None
 
    Set the ALSA timestamp mode on the device. The type argument
    can be set to either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY`,
@@ -490,13 +430,20 @@ PCM objects have the following methods:
                                       update.
    =================================  ===========================================
 
+.. method:: PCM.close() -> None
+
+   Closes the PCM device.
+
+   For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects in :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode,
+   this function blocks until all pending playback is drained.
+
 **A few hints on using PCM devices for playback**
 
 The most common reason for problems with playback of PCM audio is that writes
 to PCM devices must *exactly* match the data rate of the device.
 
 If too little data is written to the device, it will underrun, and
-ugly clicking sounds will occur. Conversely, if too much data is
+ugly clicking sounds will occur. Conversely, of too much data is
 written to the device, the write function will either block
 (:const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode) or return zero (:const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode).
 
@@ -525,7 +472,7 @@ Mixer Objects
 
 Mixer objects provides access to the ALSA mixer API.
 
-.. class:: Mixer(control: str = 'Master', id: int = 0, cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> Mixer
+.. class:: Mixer(control='Master', id=0, cardindex=-1, device='default') -> Mixer
 
    Arguments are:
 
@@ -601,7 +548,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
    'Joined Capture Volume'   Manipulate sound capture volume for all channels at a time
    ========================  ================
 
-.. method:: Mixer.getenum() -> tuple[str, list[str]]
+.. method:: Mixer.getenum() -> tuple[ str, list[str]]
 
    For enumerated controls, return the currently selected item and  the list of
    items available.
@@ -627,13 +574,13 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
    This method will return an empty tuple if the mixer is not an  enumerated
    control.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.setenum(index: int) -> None
+.. method:: Mixer.setenum(index:int) -> None
 
    For enumerated controls, sets the currently selected item.
    *index* is an index into the list of available enumerated items returned
    by :func:`getenum`.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.getrange(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]
+.. method:: Mixer.getrange(pcmtype=PCM_PLAYBACK, units=VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]
 
    Return the volume range of the ALSA mixer controlled by this object.
    The value is a tuple of integers whose meaning is determined by the
@@ -647,7 +594,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
    The optional *units* argument can be one of :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE`,
    :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_RAW`, or :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_DB`.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.getvolume(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int
+.. method:: Mixer.getvolume(pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, units:int=VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int
 
    Returns a list with the current volume settings for each channel. The list
    elements are integers whose meaning is determined by the *units* argument.
@@ -660,7 +607,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
    The optional *units* argument can be one of :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE`,
    :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_RAW`, or :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_DB`.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.setvolume(volume: int, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
+.. method:: Mixer.setvolume(volume:int, pcmtype:int=PCM_PLAYBACK, units:int=VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel:int|None) -> None
 
    Change the current volume settings for this mixer. The *volume* argument
    is an integer whose meaning is determined by the *units* argument.
@@ -684,7 +631,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
 
    This method will fail if the mixer has no playback switch capabilities.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.setmute(mute: bool, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
+.. method:: Mixer.setmute(mute:bool, channel:int|None=None) -> None
 
    Sets the mute flag to a new value. The *mute* argument is either 0 for not
    muted, or 1 for muted.
@@ -701,7 +648,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
 
    This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
 
-.. method:: Mixer.setrec(capture: int, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
+.. method:: Mixer.setrec(capture:int, channel:int|None=None) -> None
 
    Sets the capture mute flag to a new value. The *capture* argument
    is either 0 for no capture, or 1 for capture.

doc/terminology.rst

@@ -85,21 +85,6 @@ Period size
    each write should contain exactly 32 frames of sound data, and each
    read will return either 32 frames of data or nothing at all.
 
-.. _term-sample-size:
-
-Sample size
-   Each sample takes *physical_bits* of space. *nominal_bits* tells
-   how many least significant bits are used. This is the bit depth
-   in the format name and sometimes called just *sample bits* or
-   *format width*. *significant_bits* tells how many most significant
-   bits of the *nominal_bits* are used by the sample. This can be thought
-   of as the *sample resolution*. This is visualized as follows::
-
-    MSB |00000000 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX 00000000| LSB
-                  |--significant--|
-                  |---------nominal---------|
-        |-------------physical--------------|
-
 Once you understand these concepts, you will be ready to use the PCM API. Read
 on.
 

echo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
+
+import alsaaudio
+import select
+
+def echo(inpcm, outpcm):
+	q = list()
+
+	# setup the synchronous event loop
+	# See https://docs.python.org/3/library/select.html#poll-objects for background
+	reactor = select.poll()
+
+	infd, inmask = inpcm.polldecriptors()
+	outfd, outmask = outpcm.polldescriptors()
+
+	write_started = False
+
+	def write():
+		data = q.pop()
+		written = outpcm.write(data)
+		if written < len(data):
+			q.insert(0, data[written:])
+
+	reactor.register(infd, inmask)
+	reactor.register(outfd, outmask)
+
+	while True:
+		events = reactor.poll()
+		for fd, event in events:
+			if event == select.POLLIN and fd == infd:
+				data = inpcm.read()
+				q.append(data)
+				if not write_started:
+					write()
+					write_started = True
+			elif event == select.POLLOUT and fd == outfd:
+				if not q:
+					return
+				write()

isine.py

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 from __future__ import print_function
 
 import sys
-import time
 from threading import Thread
 from multiprocessing import Queue
 
@@ -16,15 +15,14 @@ if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
 else:
     from queue import Empty
 
-from math import pi, sin, ceil
+from math import pi, sin
 import struct
-import itertools
 import alsaaudio
 
 sampling_rate = 48000
 
 format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
-pack_format = 'h'  # short int, matching S16
+framesize = 2 # bytes per frame for the values above
 channels = 2
 
 def nearest_frequency(frequency):
@@ -36,28 +34,28 @@ def generate(frequency, duration = 0.125):
     # generate a buffer with a sine wave of `frequency`
     # that is approximately `duration` seconds long
 
+    # the buffersize we approximately want
+    target_size = int(sampling_rate * channels * duration)
+
     # the length of a full sine wave at the frequency
     cycle_size = int(sampling_rate / frequency)
 
-    # number of full cycles we can fit into the duration
-    factor = int(ceil(duration * frequency))
+    # number of full cycles we can fit into target_size
+    factor = int(target_size / cycle_size)
 
-    # total number of frames
-    size = cycle_size * factor
+    size = max(int(cycle_size * factor), 1)
     
     sine = [ int(32767 * sin(2 * pi * frequency * i / sampling_rate)) \
              for i in range(size)]
              
-    if channels > 1:
-        sine = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(itertools.repeat(x, channels) for x in sine))
-
-    return struct.pack(str(size * channels) + pack_format, *sine)
+    return struct.pack('%dh' % size, *sine)
                                                                                   
 
 class SinePlayer(Thread):
     
     def __init__(self, frequency = 440.0):
-        Thread.__init__(self, daemon=True)
+        Thread.__init__(self)
+        self.setDaemon(True)
         self.device = alsaaudio.PCM(channels=channels, format=format, rate=sampling_rate)
         self.queue = Queue()
         self.change(frequency)
@@ -81,17 +79,16 @@ class SinePlayer(Thread):
         while True:
             try:
                 buffer = self.queue.get(False)
+                self.device.setperiodsize(int(len(buffer) / framesize))
+                self.device.write(buffer)
             except Empty:
-                pass
                 if buffer:
-                if self.device.write(buffer) < 0:
-                    print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
+                    self.device.write(buffer)
                 
 
 isine = SinePlayer()
 isine.start()
 
-time.sleep(1)
-isine.change(1000)
-time.sleep(1)
+def change(f):
+    isine.change(f)
     

loopback.py

@@ -70,12 +70,7 @@ class Loopback(object):
 		self.capture = capture
 		self.capture_pd = PollDescriptor.from_alsa_object('capture', capture)
 
-		self.run_after_stop = None
-		if run_after_stop:
 		self.run_after_stop = run_after_stop.split(' ')
-
-		self.run_before_start = None
-		if run_before_start:
 		self.run_before_start = run_before_start.split(' ')
 		self.run_after_stop_did_run = False
 
@@ -234,7 +229,6 @@ class VolumeForwarder(object):
 		self.playback_control = playback_control
 		self.capture_control = capture_control
 		self.active = True
-		self.volume = None
 
 	def start(self):
 		self.active = True

playbacktest.py

@@ -47,8 +47,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
     # Read data from stdin
     data = f.read(320)
     while data:
-        if out.write(data) < 0:
-            print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
+        out.write(data)
         data = f.read(320)
     out.close()
         

playwav.py

@@ -39,8 +39,7 @@ def play(device, f):
 	data = f.readframes(periodsize)
 	while data:
 		# Read data from stdin
-		if device.write(data) < 0:
-			print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
+		device.write(data)
 		data = f.readframes(periodsize)
 
 

recordtest.py

@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
 		# Read data from device
 		l, data = inp.read()
 
-		if l < 0:
-			print("Capture buffer overrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
-		elif l:
+		if l:
 			f.write(data)
 			time.sleep(.001)

setup.py

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ from setuptools import setup
 from setuptools.extension import Extension
 from sys import version
 
-pyalsa_version = '0.11.0'
+pyalsa_version = '0.10.1'
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     setup(