update to black formatter 25.1

Update license field to use proper SPDX identifier

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -94,15 +94,17 @@
         "ycursor"
     ],
     "[python]": {
-        "editor.rulers": [88]
+        "editor.rulers": [88],
+        "editor.defaultFormatter": "ms-python.black-formatter"
     },
-    "python.formatting.provider": "black",
-    "pylint.importStrategy": "useBundled",
     "python.testing.pytestArgs": [
         "."
     ],
     "python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
     "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
     "python-envs.defaultEnvManager": "ms-python.python:system",
-    "python-envs.pythonProjects": []
+    "python-envs.pythonProjects": [],
+    "python.terminal.launchArgs": [
+
+    ]
 }

bumble/avrcp.py

@@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     @staticmethod
     def _check_vendor_dependent_frame(
-        frame: Union[avc.VendorDependentCommandFrame, avc.VendorDependentResponseFrame]
+        frame: Union[avc.VendorDependentCommandFrame, avc.VendorDependentResponseFrame],
     ) -> bool:
         if frame.company_id != AVRCP_BLUETOOTH_SIG_COMPANY_ID:
             logger.debug("unsupported company id, ignoring")

bumble/controller.py

@@ -370,6 +370,12 @@ class Controller:
                 return connection
         return None
 
+    def find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(self, handle):
+        for connection in self.peripheral_connections.values():
+            if connection.handle == handle:
+                return connection
+        return None
+
     def find_classic_connection_by_handle(self, handle):
         for connection in self.classic_connections.values():
             if connection.handle == handle:
@@ -414,7 +420,7 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
 
-    def on_link_central_disconnected(self, peer_address, reason):
+    def on_link_disconnected(self, peer_address, reason):
         '''
         Called when an active disconnection occurs from a peer
         '''
@@ -431,6 +437,17 @@ class Controller:
 
             # Remove the connection
             del self.peripheral_connections[peer_address]
+        elif connection := self.central_connections.get(peer_address):
+            self.send_hci_packet(
+                HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event(
+                    status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                    connection_handle=connection.handle,
+                    reason=reason,
+                )
+            )
+
+            # Remove the connection
+            del self.central_connections[peer_address]
         else:
             logger.warning(f'!!! No peripheral connection found for {peer_address}')
 
@@ -479,7 +496,7 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
 
-    def on_link_peripheral_disconnection_complete(self, disconnection_command, status):
+    def on_link_disconnection_complete(self, disconnection_command, status):
         '''
         Called when a disconnection has been completed
         '''
@@ -499,26 +516,11 @@ class Controller:
         ):
             logger.debug(f'CENTRAL Connection removed: {connection}')
             del self.central_connections[connection.peer_address]
-
-    def on_link_peripheral_disconnected(self, peer_address):
-        '''
-        Called when a connection to a peripheral is broken
-        '''
-
-        # Send a disconnection complete event
-        if connection := self.central_connections.get(peer_address):
-            self.send_hci_packet(
-                HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event(
-                    status=HCI_SUCCESS,
-                    connection_handle=connection.handle,
-                    reason=HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-                )
-            )
-
-            # Remove the connection
-            del self.central_connections[peer_address]
-        else:
-            logger.warning(f'!!! No central connection found for {peer_address}')
+        elif connection := self.find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(
+            disconnection_command.connection_handle
+        ):
+            logger.debug(f'PERIPHERAL Connection removed: {connection}')
+            del self.peripheral_connections[connection.peer_address]
 
     def on_link_encrypted(self, peer_address, _rand, _ediv, _ltk):
         # For now, just setup the encryption without asking the host
@@ -877,6 +879,14 @@ class Controller:
             else:
                 # Remove the connection
                 del self.central_connections[connection.peer_address]
+        elif connection := self.find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(handle):
+            if self.link:
+                self.link.disconnect(
+                    self.random_address, connection.peer_address, command
+                )
+            else:
+                # Remove the connection
+                del self.peripheral_connections[connection.peer_address]
         elif connection := self.find_classic_connection_by_handle(handle):
             if self.link:
                 self.link.classic_disconnect(

bumble/l2cap.py

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
     fields: ClassVar[hci.Fields] = ()
     code: int = dataclasses.field(default=0, init=False)
     name: str = dataclasses.field(default='', init=False)
-    _data: Optional[bytes] = dataclasses.field(default=None, init=False)
+    _payload: Optional[bytes] = dataclasses.field(default=None, init=False)
 
     identifier: int
 
@@ -223,7 +223,8 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
 
         subclass = L2CAP_Control_Frame.classes.get(code)
         if subclass is None:
-            instance = L2CAP_Control_Frame(pdu)
+            instance = L2CAP_Control_Frame(identifier=identifier)
+            instance.payload = pdu[4:]
             instance.code = CommandCode(code)
             instance.name = instance.code.name
             return instance
@@ -232,11 +233,11 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
             identifier=identifier,
         )
         frame.identifier = identifier
-        frame.data = pdu[4:]
-        if length != len(pdu):
+        frame.payload = pdu[4:]
+        if length != len(frame.payload):
             logger.warning(
                 color(
-                    f'!!! length mismatch: expected {len(pdu) - 4} but got {length}',
+                    f'!!! length mismatch: expected {length} but got {len(frame.payload)}',
                     'red',
                 )
             )
@@ -273,34 +274,20 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
 
         return subclass
 
-    def __init__(self, pdu: Optional[bytes] = None, **kwargs) -> None:
-        self.identifier = kwargs.get('identifier', 0)
-        if self.fields:
-            if kwargs:
-                hci.HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
-            if pdu is None:
-                data = hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(kwargs, self.fields)
-                pdu = (
-                    bytes([self.code, self.identifier])
-                    + struct.pack('<H', len(data))
-                    + data
-                )
-        self.data = pdu[4:] if pdu else b''
-
     @property
-    def data(self) -> bytes:
-        if self._data is None:
-            self._data = hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
-        return self._data
+    def payload(self) -> bytes:
+        if self._payload is None:
+            self._payload = hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
+        return self._payload
 
-    @data.setter
-    def data(self, parameters: bytes) -> None:
-        self._data = parameters
+    @payload.setter
+    def payload(self, payload: bytes) -> None:
+        self._payload = payload
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return (
-            struct.pack('<BBH', self.code, self.identifier, len(self.data) + 4)
-            + self.data
+            struct.pack('<BBH', self.code, self.identifier, len(self.payload))
+            + self.payload
         )
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
@@ -308,8 +295,8 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
             result += ':\n' + hci.HCI_Object.format_fields(self.__dict__, fields, '  ')
         else:
-            if len(self.data) > 1:
-                result += f': {self.data.hex()}'
+            if len(self.payload) > 1:
+                result += f': {self.payload.hex()}'
         return result
 
 

bumble/link.py

@@ -159,29 +159,29 @@ class LocalLink:
         asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_connection_complete)
 
     def on_disconnection_complete(
-        self, central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command
+        self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command
     ):
         # Find the controller that initiated the disconnection
-        if not (central_controller := self.find_controller(central_address)):
+        if not (initiating_controller := self.find_controller(initiating_address)):
             logger.warning('!!! Initiating controller not found')
             return
 
         # Disconnect from the first controller with a matching address
-        if peripheral_controller := self.find_controller(peripheral_address):
-            peripheral_controller.on_link_central_disconnected(
-                central_address, disconnect_command.reason
+        if target_controller := self.find_controller(target_address):
+            target_controller.on_link_disconnected(
+                initiating_address, disconnect_command.reason
             )
 
-        central_controller.on_link_peripheral_disconnection_complete(
+        initiating_controller.on_link_disconnection_complete(
             disconnect_command, HCI_SUCCESS
         )
 
-    def disconnect(self, central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command):
+    def disconnect(self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command):
         logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ DISCONNECTION {central_address} -> '
-            f'{peripheral_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
+            f'$$$ DISCONNECTION {initiating_address} -> '
+            f'{target_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
         )
-        args = [central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command]
+        args = [initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command]
         asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_disconnection_complete, *args)
 
     # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments

bumble/pandora/__init__.py

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ _SERVICERS_HOOKS: list[Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None]]
 
 
 def register_servicer_hook(
-    hook: Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None]
+    hook: Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None],
 ) -> None:
     _SERVICERS_HOOKS.append(hook)
 

bumble/profiles/ams.py

@@ -0,0 +1,404 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Apple Media Service (AMS).
+"""
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+import asyncio
+import dataclasses
+import enum
+import logging
+from typing import Optional, Iterable, Union
+
+
+from bumble.device import Peer
+from bumble.gatt import (
+    Characteristic,
+    GATT_AMS_SERVICE,
+    GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    TemplateService,
+)
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
+from bumble import utils
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Logging
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Protocol
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class RemoteCommandId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PLAY = 0
+    PAUSE = 1
+    TOGGLE_PLAY_PAUSE = 2
+    NEXT_TRACK = 3
+    PREVIOUS_TRACK = 4
+    VOLUME_UP = 5
+    VOLUME_DOWN = 6
+    ADVANCE_REPEAT_MODE = 7
+    ADVANCE_SHUFFLE_MODE = 8
+    SKIP_FORWARD = 9
+    SKIP_BACKWARD = 10
+    LIKE_TRACK = 11
+    DISLIKE_TRACK = 12
+    BOOKMARK_TRACK = 13
+
+
+class EntityId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PLAYER = 0
+    QUEUE = 1
+    TRACK = 2
+
+
+class ActionId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    POSITIVE = 0
+    NEGATIVE = 1
+
+
+class EntityUpdateFlags(enum.IntFlag):
+    TRUNCATED = 1
+
+
+class PlayerAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    NAME = 0
+    PLAYBACK_INFO = 1
+    VOLUME = 2
+
+
+class QueueAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    INDEX = 0
+    COUNT = 1
+    SHUFFLE_MODE = 2
+    REPEAT_MODE = 3
+
+
+class ShuffleMode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    OFF = 0
+    ONE = 1
+    ALL = 2
+
+
+class RepeatMode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    OFF = 0
+    ONE = 1
+    ALL = 2
+
+
+class TrackAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    ARTIST = 0
+    ALBUM = 1
+    TITLE = 2
+    DURATION = 3
+
+
+class PlaybackState(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PAUSED = 0
+    PLAYING = 1
+    REWINDING = 2
+    FAST_FORWARDING = 3
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PlaybackInfo:
+    playback_state: PlaybackState = PlaybackState.PAUSED
+    playback_rate: float = 1.0
+    elapsed_time: float = 0.0
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# GATT Server-side
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class Ams(TemplateService):
+    UUID = GATT_AMS_SERVICE
+
+    remote_command_characteristic: Characteristic
+    entity_update_characteristic: Characteristic
+    entity_attribute_characteristic: Characteristic
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.remote_command_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY
+            | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE,
+        )
+
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.entity_update_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE,
+        )
+
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.entity_attribute_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.READ
+            | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE | Characteristic.Permissions.READABLE,
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                self.remote_command_characteristic,
+                self.entity_update_characteristic,
+                self.entity_attribute_characteristic,
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# GATT Client-side
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class AmsProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
+    SERVICE_CLASS = Ams
+
+    # NOTE: these don't use adapters, because the format for write and notifications
+    # are different.
+    remote_command: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+    entity_update: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+    entity_attribute: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+
+    def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy):
+        self.remote_command = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+        self.entity_update = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+        self.entity_attribute = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+
+class AmsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
+    EVENT_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS = "supported_commands"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_NAME = "player_name"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_INFO = "player_playback_info"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_VOLUME = "player_volume"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT = "queue_count"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_INDEX = "queue_index"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_SHUFFLE_MODE = "queue_shuffle_mode"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_REPEAT_MODE = "queue_repeat_mode"
+    EVENT_TRACK_ARTIST = "track_artist"
+    EVENT_TRACK_ALBUM = "track_album"
+    EVENT_TRACK_TITLE = "track_title"
+    EVENT_TRACK_DURATION = "track_duration"
+
+    supported_commands: set[RemoteCommandId]
+    player_name: str = ""
+    player_playback_info: PlaybackInfo = PlaybackInfo(PlaybackState.PAUSED, 0.0, 0.0)
+    player_volume: float = 1.0
+    queue_count: int = 0
+    queue_index: int = 0
+    queue_shuffle_mode: ShuffleMode = ShuffleMode.OFF
+    queue_repeat_mode: RepeatMode = RepeatMode.OFF
+    track_artist: str = ""
+    track_album: str = ""
+    track_title: str = ""
+    track_duration: float = 0.0
+
+    def __init__(self, ams_proxy: AmsProxy) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._ams_proxy = ams_proxy
+        self._started = False
+        self._read_attribute_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore()
+        self.supported_commands = set()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> Optional[AmsClient]:
+        ams_proxy = await peer.discover_service_and_create_proxy(AmsProxy)
+        if ams_proxy is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(ams_proxy)
+
+    async def start(self) -> None:
+        logger.debug("subscribing to remote command characteristic")
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.subscribe(
+            self._on_remote_command_notification
+        )
+
+        logger.debug("subscribing to entity update characteristic")
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.subscribe(
+            lambda data: utils.AsyncRunner.spawn(
+                self._on_entity_update_notification(data)
+            )
+        )
+
+        self._started = True
+
+    async def stop(self) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.unsubscribe(
+            self._on_remote_command_notification
+        )
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.unsubscribe(
+            self._on_entity_update_notification
+        )
+        self._started = False
+
+    async def observe(
+        self,
+        entity: EntityId,
+        attributes: Iterable[
+            Union[PlayerAttributeId, QueueAttributeId, TrackAttributeId]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.write_value(
+            bytes([entity] + list(attributes)), with_response=True
+        )
+
+    async def command(self, command: RemoteCommandId) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.write_value(
+            bytes([command]), with_response=True
+        )
+
+    async def play(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PLAY)
+
+    async def pause(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PAUSE)
+
+    async def toggle_play_pause(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.TOGGLE_PLAY_PAUSE)
+
+    async def next_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.NEXT_TRACK)
+
+    async def previous_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PREVIOUS_TRACK)
+
+    async def volume_up(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.VOLUME_UP)
+
+    async def volume_down(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.VOLUME_DOWN)
+
+    async def advance_repeat_mode(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.ADVANCE_REPEAT_MODE)
+
+    async def advance_shuffle_mode(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.ADVANCE_SHUFFLE_MODE)
+
+    async def skip_forward(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.SKIP_FORWARD)
+
+    async def skip_backward(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.SKIP_BACKWARD)
+
+    async def like_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.LIKE_TRACK)
+
+    async def dislike_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.DISLIKE_TRACK)
+
+    async def bookmark_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.BOOKMARK_TRACK)
+
+    def _on_remote_command_notification(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        supported_commands = [RemoteCommandId(command) for command in data]
+        logger.debug(
+            f"supported commands: {[command.name for command in supported_commands]}"
+        )
+        for command in supported_commands:
+            self.supported_commands.add(command)
+
+        self.emit(self.EVENT_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS)
+
+    async def _on_entity_update_notification(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        entity = EntityId(data[0])
+        flags = EntityUpdateFlags(data[2])
+        value = data[3:]
+
+        if flags & EntityUpdateFlags.TRUNCATED:
+            logger.debug("truncated attribute, fetching full value")
+
+            # Write the entity and attribute we're interested in
+            # (protected by a semaphore, so that we only read one attribute at a time)
+            async with self._read_attribute_semaphore:
+                await self._ams_proxy.entity_attribute.write_value(
+                    data[:2], with_response=True
+                )
+                value = await self._ams_proxy.entity_attribute.read_value()
+
+        if entity == EntityId.PLAYER:
+            player_attribute = PlayerAttributeId(data[1])
+            if player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.NAME:
+                self.player_name = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_NAME)
+            elif player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.PLAYBACK_INFO:
+                playback_state_str, playback_rate_str, elapsed_time_str = (
+                    value.decode().split(",")
+                )
+                self.player_playback_info = PlaybackInfo(
+                    PlaybackState(int(playback_state_str)),
+                    float(playback_rate_str),
+                    float(elapsed_time_str),
+                )
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_INFO)
+            elif player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.VOLUME:
+                self.player_volume = float(value.decode())
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_VOLUME)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown player attribute {player_attribute}")
+
+        elif entity == EntityId.QUEUE:
+            queue_attribute = QueueAttributeId(data[1])
+            if queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.COUNT:
+                self.queue_count = int(value)
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.INDEX:
+                self.queue_index = int(value)
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_INDEX)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.REPEAT_MODE:
+                self.queue_repeat_mode = RepeatMode(int(value))
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_REPEAT_MODE)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.SHUFFLE_MODE:
+                self.queue_shuffle_mode = ShuffleMode(int(value))
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_SHUFFLE_MODE)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown queue attribute {queue_attribute}")
+
+        elif entity == EntityId.TRACK:
+            track_attribute = TrackAttributeId(data[1])
+            if track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.ARTIST:
+                self.track_artist = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_ARTIST)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.ALBUM:
+                self.track_album = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_ALBUM)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.TITLE:
+                self.track_title = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_TITLE)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.DURATION:
+                self.track_duration = float(value.decode())
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_DURATION)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown track attribute {track_attribute}")
+
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"received unknown attribute ID {data[1]}")

bumble/smp.py

@@ -946,7 +946,9 @@ class Session:
             self.tk = self.passkey.to_bytes(16, byteorder='little')
             logger.debug(f'TK from passkey = {self.tk.hex()}')
 
-        await self.pairing_config.delegate.display_number(self.passkey, digits=6)
+        self.connection.cancel_on_disconnection(
+            self.pairing_config.delegate.display_number(self.passkey, digits=6)
+        )
 
     def input_passkey(self, next_steps: Optional[Callable[[], None]] = None) -> None:
         # Prompt the user for the passkey displayed on the peer

examples/run_ams_client.py

@@ -0,0 +1,220 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import asyncio
+import sys
+import os
+import logging
+from bumble.colors import color
+
+from bumble.device import Device, Peer
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.profiles.ams import (
+    AmsClient,
+    EntityId,
+    PlayerAttributeId,
+    QueueAttributeId,
+    TrackAttributeId,
+    RemoteCommandId,
+)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def handle_command_client(
+    ams_client: AmsClient, reader: asyncio.StreamReader, writer: asyncio.StreamWriter
+) -> None:
+    while True:
+        command = (await reader.readline()).decode("utf-8")
+        if not command.endswith("\n"):
+            print("command client terminated")
+            return
+        command = command.strip()
+
+        try:
+            if command.upper() in [member.name for member in RemoteCommandId]:
+                await ams_client.command(RemoteCommandId[command.upper()])
+                continue
+        except Exception as error:
+            writer.write(f"ERROR: {error}\n".encode("utf-8"))
+
+        writer.write(f"unknown command {command}\n".encode("utf-8"))
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def main() -> None:
+    if len(sys.argv) < 3:
+        print(
+            'Usage: run_ams_client.py <device-config> <transport-spec> '
+            '<bluetooth-address> <mtu>'
+        )
+        print('example: run_ams_client.py device1.json usb:0 E1:CA:72:48:C4:E8 512')
+        return
+    device_config, transport_spec, bluetooth_address, mtu = sys.argv[1:]
+
+    print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
+    async with await open_transport(transport_spec) as hci_transport:
+        print('<<< connected')
+
+        # Create a device to manage the host, with a custom listener
+        device = Device.from_config_file_with_hci(
+            device_config, hci_transport.source, hci_transport.sink
+        )
+        await device.power_on()
+
+        # Connect to the peer
+        print(f'=== Connecting to {bluetooth_address}...')
+        connection = await device.connect(bluetooth_address)
+        print(f'=== Connected: {connection}')
+
+        await connection.encrypt()
+
+        peer = Peer(connection)
+        mtu_int = int(mtu)
+        if mtu_int:
+            new_mtu = await peer.request_mtu(mtu_int)
+            print(f'ATT MTU = {new_mtu}')
+        ams_client = await AmsClient.for_peer(peer)
+        if ams_client is None:
+            print("!!! no AMS service found")
+            return
+
+        # Register event handlers
+
+        def on_supported_commands():
+            print(
+                color("Supported commands:", "magenta"),
+                ", ".join([command.name for command in ams_client.supported_commands]),
+            )
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS, on_supported_commands)
+
+        def on_player_name():
+            print(color("Player Name:", "green"), ams_client.player_name)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_PLAYER_NAME, on_player_name)
+
+        def on_player_playback_info():
+            print(
+                color("Playback State:", "green"),
+                ams_client.player_playback_info.playback_state.name,
+            )
+            print(
+                color("Playback Rate: ", "green"),
+                ams_client.player_playback_info.playback_rate,
+            )
+            print(
+                color("Elapsed Time:  ", "green"),
+                ams_client.player_playback_info.elapsed_time,
+            )
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_INFO, on_player_playback_info)
+
+        def on_player_volume():
+            print(color("Volume:", "green"), ams_client.player_volume)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_PLAYER_VOLUME, on_player_volume)
+
+        def on_queue_count():
+            print(color("Queue Count:", "yellow"), ams_client.queue_count)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT, on_queue_count)
+
+        def on_queue_index():
+            print(color("Queue Index:", "yellow"), ams_client.queue_index)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_QUEUE_INDEX, on_queue_index)
+
+        def on_queue_shuffle_mode():
+            print(
+                color("Queue Shuffle Mode:", "yellow"),
+                ams_client.queue_shuffle_mode.name,
+            )
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_QUEUE_SHUFFLE_MODE, on_queue_shuffle_mode)
+
+        def on_queue_repeat_mode():
+            print(
+                color("Queue Repeat Mode:", "yellow"), ams_client.queue_repeat_mode.name
+            )
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_QUEUE_REPEAT_MODE, on_queue_repeat_mode)
+
+        def on_track_artist():
+            print(color("Track Artist:", "cyan"), ams_client.track_artist)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_TRACK_ARTIST, on_track_artist)
+
+        def on_track_album():
+            print(color("Track Album:", "cyan"), ams_client.track_album)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_TRACK_ALBUM, on_track_album)
+
+        def on_track_title():
+            print(color("Track Title:", "cyan"), ams_client.track_title)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_TRACK_TITLE, on_track_title)
+
+        def on_track_duration():
+            print(color("Track Duration:", "cyan"), ams_client.track_duration)
+
+        ams_client.on(AmsClient.EVENT_TRACK_DURATION, on_track_duration)
+
+        # Start the client
+        await ams_client.start()
+
+        # Observe the player, queue and track
+        await ams_client.observe(
+            EntityId.PLAYER,
+            [
+                PlayerAttributeId.NAME,
+                PlayerAttributeId.PLAYBACK_INFO,
+                PlayerAttributeId.VOLUME,
+            ],
+        )
+        await ams_client.observe(
+            EntityId.QUEUE,
+            [
+                QueueAttributeId.COUNT,
+                QueueAttributeId.INDEX,
+                QueueAttributeId.REPEAT_MODE,
+                QueueAttributeId.SHUFFLE_MODE,
+            ],
+        )
+        await ams_client.observe(
+            EntityId.TRACK,
+            [
+                TrackAttributeId.ALBUM,
+                TrackAttributeId.ARTIST,
+                TrackAttributeId.DURATION,
+                TrackAttributeId.TITLE,
+            ],
+        )
+
+        # Accept a TCP connection to handle commands.
+        tcp_server = await asyncio.start_server(
+            lambda reader, writer: handle_command_client(ams_client, reader, writer),
+            '127.0.0.1',
+            9000,
+        )
+        print("Accepting command client on port 9000")
+        async with tcp_server:
+            await tcp_server.serve_forever()
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+asyncio.run(main())

pyproject.toml

@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ name = "bumble"
 dynamic = ["version"]
 description = "Bluetooth Stack for Apps, Emulation, Test and Experimentation"
 readme = "README.md"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+license-files = ["LICENSE"]
 authors = [{ name = "Google", email = "bumble-dev@google.com" }]
 requires-python = ">=3.9"
 dependencies = [
@@ -42,7 +44,7 @@ test = [
     "coverage >= 6.4",
 ]
 development = [
-    "black == 24.3",
+    "black ~= 25.1",
     "bt-test-interfaces >= 0.0.6",
     "grpcio-tools >= 1.62.1",
     "invoke >= 1.7.3",

tests/hfp_test.py

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ async def test_hf_indicator(hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtoco
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_codec_negotiation(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
 
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ async def test_answer(hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_reject_incoming_call(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
 
@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ async def test_terminate_call(hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProto
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_query_calls_without_calls(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
 
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ async def test_query_calls_without_calls(
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_query_calls_with_calls(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
     ag.calls.append(
@@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ async def test_speaker_volume(hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProto
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_microphone_volume(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
     microphone_volume_future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
@@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ async def test_cli_notification(hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgPro
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_voice_recognition_from_hf(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
     voice_recognition_future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
@@ -462,7 +462,7 @@ async def test_voice_recognition_from_hf(
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_voice_recognition_from_ag(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
     voice_recognition_future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
@@ -572,7 +572,7 @@ async def test_sco_setup():
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_hf_batched_response(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
 
@@ -584,7 +584,7 @@ async def test_hf_batched_response(
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_ag_batched_commands(
-    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol]
+    hfp_connections: tuple[hfp.HfProtocol, hfp.AgProtocol],
 ):
     hf, ag = hfp_connections
 

tests/l2cap_test.py

@@ -22,12 +22,8 @@ import random
 import pytest
 
 from bumble.core import ProtocolError
-from bumble.l2cap import (
-    L2CAP_Connection_Request,
-    ClassicChannelSpec,
-    LeCreditBasedChannelSpec,
-)
-from .test_utils import TwoDevices
+from bumble import l2cap
+from .test_utils import TwoDevices, async_barrier
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -41,42 +37,53 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def test_helpers():
-    psm = L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x01)
+    psm = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x01)
     assert psm == bytes([0x01, 0x00])
 
-    psm = L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x1023)
+    psm = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x1023)
     assert psm == bytes([0x23, 0x10])
 
-    psm = L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x242311)
+    psm = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.serialize_psm(0x242311)
     assert psm == bytes([0x11, 0x23, 0x24])
 
-    (offset, psm) = L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
+    (offset, psm) = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
         bytes([0x00, 0x01, 0x00, 0x44]), 1
     )
     assert offset == 3
     assert psm == 0x01
 
-    (offset, psm) = L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
+    (offset, psm) = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
         bytes([0x00, 0x23, 0x10, 0x44]), 1
     )
     assert offset == 3
     assert psm == 0x1023
 
-    (offset, psm) = L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
+    (offset, psm) = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.parse_psm(
         bytes([0x00, 0x11, 0x23, 0x24, 0x44]), 1
     )
     assert offset == 4
     assert psm == 0x242311
 
-    rq = L2CAP_Connection_Request(psm=0x01, source_cid=0x44, identifier=0x88)
+    rq = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request(psm=0x01, source_cid=0x44, identifier=0x88)
     brq = bytes(rq)
-    srq = L2CAP_Connection_Request.from_bytes(brq)
-    assert isinstance(srq, L2CAP_Connection_Request)
+    srq = l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request.from_bytes(brq)
+    assert isinstance(srq, l2cap.L2CAP_Connection_Request)
     assert srq.psm == rq.psm
     assert srq.source_cid == rq.source_cid
     assert srq.identifier == rq.identifier
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_unimplemented_control_frame():
+    frame = l2cap.L2CAP_Control_Frame(identifier=1)
+    frame.code = 0xFF
+    frame.payload = b'123456'
+
+    parsed = l2cap.L2CAP_Control_Frame.from_bytes(bytes(frame))
+    assert parsed.code == 0xFF
+    assert parsed.payload == b'123456'
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_basic_connection():
@@ -87,7 +94,7 @@ async def test_basic_connection():
     # Check that if there's no one listening, we can't connect
     with pytest.raises(ProtocolError):
         l2cap_channel = await devices.connections[0].create_l2cap_channel(
-            spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm)
+            spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm)
         )
 
     # Now add a listener
@@ -104,10 +111,10 @@ async def test_basic_connection():
         channel.sink = on_data
 
     devices.devices[1].create_l2cap_server(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm=1234), handler=on_coc
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm=1234), handler=on_coc
     )
     l2cap_channel = await devices.connections[0].create_l2cap_channel(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm)
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm)
     )
 
     messages = (bytes([1, 2, 3]), bytes([4, 5, 6]), bytes(10000))
@@ -137,6 +144,41 @@ async def test_basic_connection():
     assert sent_bytes == received_bytes
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.parametrize("info_type,", list(l2cap.L2CAP_Information_Request.InfoType))
+async def test_l2cap_information_request(monkeypatch, info_type):
+    # TODO: Replace handlers with API when implemented
+    devices = await TwoDevices.create_with_connection()
+
+    # Register handlers
+    info_rsp = list[l2cap.L2CAP_Information_Response]()
+
+    def on_l2cap_information_response(connection, cid, frame):
+        info_rsp.append(frame)
+
+    assert (connection := devices.connections[0])
+    channel_manager = devices[0].l2cap_channel_manager
+    monkeypatch.setattr(
+        channel_manager,
+        'on_l2cap_information_response',
+        on_l2cap_information_response,
+        raising=False,
+    )
+
+    channel_manager.send_control_frame(
+        connection,
+        l2cap.L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID,
+        l2cap.L2CAP_Information_Request(
+            identifier=channel_manager.next_identifier(connection),
+            info_type=info_type,
+        ),
+    )
+
+    await async_barrier()
+    response = info_rsp[0]
+    assert response.result == l2cap.L2CAP_Information_Response.Result.SUCCESS
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def transfer_payload(max_credits, mtu, mps):
     devices = TwoDevices()
@@ -151,11 +193,11 @@ async def transfer_payload(max_credits, mtu, mps):
         channel.sink = on_data
 
     server = devices.devices[1].create_l2cap_server(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(max_credits=max_credits, mtu=mtu, mps=mps),
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(max_credits=max_credits, mtu=mtu, mps=mps),
         handler=on_coc,
     )
     l2cap_channel = await devices.connections[0].create_l2cap_channel(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(server.psm)
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(server.psm)
     )
 
     messages = [bytes([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]) * x for x in (3, 10, 100, 789)]
@@ -205,10 +247,10 @@ async def test_bidirectional_transfer():
         client_received.append(data)
 
     server = devices.devices[1].create_l2cap_server(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(), handler=on_server_coc
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(), handler=on_server_coc
     )
     client_channel = await devices.connections[0].create_l2cap_channel(
-        spec=LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(server.psm)
+        spec=l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(server.psm)
     )
     client_channel.sink = on_client_data
 
@@ -242,10 +284,10 @@ async def test_mtu():
         channel.on('open', lambda: on_channel_open(channel))
 
     server = devices.devices[1].create_l2cap_server(
-        spec=ClassicChannelSpec(mtu=345), handler=on_channel
+        spec=l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(mtu=345), handler=on_channel
     )
     client_channel = await devices.connections[0].create_l2cap_channel(
-        spec=ClassicChannelSpec(server.psm, mtu=456)
+        spec=l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(server.psm, mtu=456)
     )
     assert client_channel.peer_mtu == 345
 

tests/self_test.py

@@ -23,13 +23,9 @@ import pytest
 
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, MagicMock, patch
 
-from bumble.controller import Controller
 from bumble.core import PhysicalTransport
-from bumble.link import LocalLink
-from bumble.device import Device, Peer
-from bumble.host import Host
+from bumble.device import Peer
 from bumble.gatt import Service, Characteristic
-from bumble.transport.common import AsyncPipeSink
 from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
 from bumble.smp import (
     SMP_PAIRING_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR,
@@ -38,9 +34,10 @@ from bumble.smp import (
     OobLegacyContext,
 )
 from bumble.core import ProtocolError
-from bumble.keys import PairingKeys
 from bumble.hci import Role
 
+from .test_utils import TwoDevices
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -49,63 +46,26 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class TwoDevices:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.connections = [None, None]
-
-        addresses = ['F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5', 'F5:F4:F3:F2:F1:F0']
-        self.link = LocalLink()
-        self.controllers = [
-            Controller('C1', link=self.link, public_address=addresses[0]),
-            Controller('C2', link=self.link, public_address=addresses[1]),
-        ]
-        self.devices = [
-            Device(
-                address=addresses[0],
-                host=Host(self.controllers[0], AsyncPipeSink(self.controllers[0])),
-            ),
-            Device(
-                address=addresses[1],
-                host=Host(self.controllers[1], AsyncPipeSink(self.controllers[1])),
-            ),
-        ]
-
-        self.paired = [
-            asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
-            asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
-        ]
-
-    def on_connection(self, which, connection):
-        self.connections[which] = connection
-
-    def on_paired(self, which: int, keys: PairingKeys):
-        self.paired[which].set_result(keys)
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_self_connection():
+    two_devices = TwoDevices()
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_self_connection():
-    # Create two devices, each with a controller, attached to the same link
+async def test_self_disconnection():
     two_devices = TwoDevices()
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
+    await two_devices.connections[0].disconnect()
+    assert two_devices.connections[0] is None
+    assert two_devices.connections[1] is None
 
-    # Attach listeners
-    two_devices.devices[0].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(0, connection)
-    )
-    two_devices.devices[1].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(1, connection)
-    )
-
-    # Start
-    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
-    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
-
-    # Connect the two devices
-    await two_devices.devices[0].connect(two_devices.devices[1].random_address)
-
-    # Check the post conditions
-    assert two_devices.connections[0] is not None
-    assert two_devices.connections[1] is not None
+    two_devices = TwoDevices()
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
+    await two_devices.connections[1].disconnect()
+    assert two_devices.connections[0] is None
+    assert two_devices.connections[1] is None
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -115,24 +75,14 @@ async def test_self_connection():
     (Role.CENTRAL, Role.PERIPHERAL),
 )
 async def test_self_classic_connection(responder_role):
-    # Create two devices, each with a controller, attached to the same link
     two_devices = TwoDevices()
 
-    # Attach listeners
-    two_devices.devices[0].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(0, connection)
-    )
-    two_devices.devices[1].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(1, connection)
-    )
-
     # Enable Classic connections
     two_devices.devices[0].classic_enabled = True
     two_devices.devices[1].classic_enabled = True
 
     # Start
-    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
-    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
 
     # Connect the two devices
     await asyncio.gather(
@@ -203,15 +153,9 @@ async def test_self_gatt():
     s4 = Service('3A12C182-14E2-4FE0-8C5B-65D7C569F9DB', [], included_services=[s2, s3])
     two_devices.devices[1].add_services([s1, s2, s4])
 
-    # Start
-    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
-    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
-
     # Connect the two devices
-    connection = await two_devices.devices[0].connect(
-        two_devices.devices[1].random_address
-    )
-    peer = Peer(connection)
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
+    peer = Peer(two_devices.connections[0])
 
     bogus_uuid = 'A0AA6007-0B48-4BBE-80AC-0DE9AAF541EA'
     result = await peer.discover_services([bogus_uuid])
@@ -264,15 +208,9 @@ async def test_self_gatt_long_read():
     service = Service('8140E247-04F0-42C1-BC34-534C344DAFCA', characteristics)
     two_devices.devices[1].add_service(service)
 
-    # Start
-    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
-    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
-
     # Connect the two devices
-    connection = await two_devices.devices[0].connect(
-        two_devices.devices[1].random_address
-    )
-    peer = Peer(connection)
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
+    peer = Peer(two_devices.connections[0])
 
     result = await peer.discover_service(service.uuid)
     assert len(result) == 1
@@ -289,25 +227,12 @@ async def _test_self_smp_with_configs(pairing_config1, pairing_config2):
     # Create two devices, each with a controller, attached to the same link
     two_devices = TwoDevices()
 
-    # Start
-    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
-    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
-
-    # Attach listeners
-    two_devices.devices[0].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(0, connection)
-    )
-    two_devices.devices[1].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(1, connection)
-    )
-
     # Connect the two devices
-    connection = await two_devices.devices[0].connect(
-        two_devices.devices[1].random_address
-    )
+    await two_devices.setup_connection()
+    connection = two_devices.connections[0]
     assert not connection.is_encrypted
 
-    # Attach connection listeners
+    # Attach pairing listeners
     two_devices.connections[0].on(
         'pairing', lambda keys: two_devices.on_paired(0, keys)
     )
@@ -488,23 +413,13 @@ async def test_self_smp_over_classic():
     # Create two devices, each with a controller, attached to the same link
     two_devices = TwoDevices()
 
-    # Attach listeners
-    two_devices.devices[0].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(0, connection)
-    )
-    two_devices.devices[1].on(
-        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(1, connection)
-    )
-
     # Enable Classic connections
     two_devices.devices[0].classic_enabled = True
     two_devices.devices[1].classic_enabled = True
 
-    # Start
+    # Connect the two devices
     await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
     await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
-
-    # Connect the two devices
     await asyncio.gather(
         two_devices.devices[0].connect(
             two_devices.devices[1].public_address, transport=PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR
@@ -650,6 +565,7 @@ async def test_self_smp_oob_legacy():
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def run_test_self():
     await test_self_connection()
+    await test_self_disconnection()
     await test_self_gatt()
     await test_self_gatt_long_read()
     await test_self_smp()

tests/test_utils.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ from bumble.device import Device, Connection
 from bumble.host import Host
 from bumble.transport.common import AsyncPipeSink
 from bumble.hci import Address
+from bumble.keys import PairingKeys
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -51,16 +52,6 @@ class TwoDevices:
             ),
         ]
 
-        self.paired = [None, None]
-
-    def on_connection(self, which, connection):
-        self.connections[which] = connection
-
-    def on_paired(self, which, keys):
-        self.paired[which] = keys
-
-    async def setup_connection(self) -> None:
-        # Attach listeners
         self.devices[0].on(
             'connection', lambda connection: self.on_connection(0, connection)
         )
@@ -68,6 +59,22 @@ class TwoDevices:
             'connection', lambda connection: self.on_connection(1, connection)
         )
 
+        self.paired = [
+            asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
+            asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
+        ]
+
+    def on_connection(self, which, connection):
+        self.connections[which] = connection
+        connection.on('disconnection', lambda code: self.on_disconnection(which))
+
+    def on_disconnection(self, which):
+        self.connections[which] = None
+
+    def on_paired(self, which: int, keys: PairingKeys) -> None:
+        self.paired[which].set_result(keys)
+
+    async def setup_connection(self) -> None:
         # Start
         await self.devices[0].power_on()
         await self.devices[1].power_on()