add support for field arrays in hci packet definitions

Proof-of-concept Rust wrapper

.github/workflows/python-build-test.yml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10"]
+        python-version: ["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
@@ -41,3 +41,30 @@ jobs:
       run: |
         inv build
         inv build.mkdocs
+  build-rust:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        python-version: [ "3.8", "3.9", "3.10" ]
+      fail-fast: false
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out from Git
+        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          python -m pip install ".[build,test,development,documentation]"
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: actions-rust-lang/setup-rust-toolchain@v1
+        with:
+          components: clippy,rustfmt
+      - name: Rust Lints
+        run: cd rust && cargo fmt --check && cargo clippy --all-targets -- --deny warnings
+      - name: Rust Build
+        run: cd rust && cargo build --all-targets
+      - name: Rust Tests
+        run: cd rust && cargo test

.gitignore

@@ -9,3 +9,4 @@ __pycache__
 # generated by setuptools_scm
 bumble/_version.py
 .vscode/launch.json
+/.idea

bumble/controller.py

@@ -654,7 +654,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_create_connection_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.1.5 Create Connection command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.1.5 Create Connection command
         '''
 
         if self.link is None:
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_disconnect_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.1.6 Disconnect Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.1.6 Disconnect Command
         '''
         # First, say that the disconnection is pending
         self.send_hci_packet(
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_accept_connection_request_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.1.8 Accept Connection Request command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.1.8 Accept Connection Request command
         '''
 
         if self.link is None:
@@ -735,7 +735,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_switch_role_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.2.8 Switch Role command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.2.8 Switch Role command
         '''
 
         if self.link is None:
@@ -751,21 +751,21 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_set_event_mask_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.1 Set Event Mask Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.1 Set Event Mask Command
         '''
         self.event_mask = command.event_mask
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_reset_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.2 Reset Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.2 Reset Command
         '''
         # TODO: cleanup what needs to be reset
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_write_local_name_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.11 Write Local Name Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.11 Write Local Name Command
         '''
         local_name = command.local_name
         if len(local_name):
@@ -780,7 +780,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_read_local_name_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.12 Read Local Name Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.12 Read Local Name Command
         '''
         local_name = bytes(self.local_name, 'utf-8')[:248]
         if len(local_name) < 248:
@@ -790,19 +790,19 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_read_class_of_device_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.25 Read Class of Device Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.25 Read Class of Device Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, 0, 0, 0])
 
     def on_hci_write_class_of_device_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.26 Write Class of Device Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.26 Write Class of Device Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_read_synchronous_flow_control_enable_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.36 Read Synchronous Flow Control Enable
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.36 Read Synchronous Flow Control Enable
         Command
         '''
         if self.sync_flow_control:
@@ -813,7 +813,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_write_synchronous_flow_control_enable_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.37 Write Synchronous Flow Control Enable
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.37 Write Synchronous Flow Control Enable
         Command
         '''
         ret = HCI_SUCCESS
@@ -825,41 +825,59 @@ class Controller:
             ret = HCI_INVALID_HCI_COMMAND_PARAMETERS_ERROR
         return bytes([ret])
 
+    def on_hci_set_controller_to_host_flow_control_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.38 Set Controller To Host Flow Control
+        Command
+        '''
+        # For now we just accept the command but ignore the values.
+        # TODO: respect the passed in values.
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_host_buffer_size_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.39 Host Buffer Size Command
+        '''
+        # For now we just accept the command but ignore the values.
+        # TODO: respect the passed in values.
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
     def on_hci_write_extended_inquiry_response_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.59 Write Simple Pairing Mode Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.56 Write Extended Inquiry Response
+        Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_write_simple_pairing_mode_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.59 Write Simple Pairing Mode Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.59 Write Simple Pairing Mode Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_set_event_mask_page_2_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.69 Set Event Mask Page 2 Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.69 Set Event Mask Page 2 Command
         '''
         self.event_mask_page_2 = command.event_mask_page_2
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_read_le_host_support_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.78 Write LE Host Support Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.78 Write LE Host Support Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, 1, 0])
 
     def on_hci_write_le_host_support_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.79 Write LE Host Support Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.79 Write LE Host Support Command
         '''
         # TODO / Just ignore for now
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_write_authenticated_payload_timeout_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.3.94 Write Authenticated Payload Timeout
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.3.94 Write Authenticated Payload Timeout
         Command
         '''
         # TODO
@@ -867,7 +885,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_read_local_version_information_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.4.1 Read Local Version Information Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.4.1 Read Local Version Information Command
         '''
         return struct.pack(
             '<BBHBHH',
@@ -881,19 +899,19 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_read_local_supported_commands_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.4.2 Read Local Supported Commands Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.4.2 Read Local Supported Commands Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + self.supported_commands
 
     def on_hci_read_local_supported_features_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.4.3 Read Local Supported Features Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.4.3 Read Local Supported Features Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + self.lmp_features
 
     def on_hci_read_bd_addr_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.4.6 Read BD_ADDR Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.4.6 Read BD_ADDR Command
         '''
         bd_addr = (
             self._public_address.to_bytes()
@@ -904,14 +922,14 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_set_event_mask_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.1 LE Set Event Mask Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.1 LE Set Event Mask Command
         '''
         self.le_event_mask = command.le_event_mask
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_read_buffer_size_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.2 LE Read Buffer Size Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.2 LE Read Buffer Size Command
         '''
         return struct.pack(
             '<BHB',
@@ -922,49 +940,49 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_local_supported_features_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.3 LE Read Local Supported Features
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.3 LE Read Local Supported Features
         Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + self.le_features
 
     def on_hci_le_set_random_address_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.4 LE Set Random Address Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.4 LE Set Random Address Command
         '''
         self.random_address = command.random_address
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_set_advertising_parameters_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.5 LE Set Advertising Parameters Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.5 LE Set Advertising Parameters Command
         '''
         self.advertising_parameters = command
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_read_advertising_physical_channel_tx_power_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.6 LE Read Advertising Physical Channel
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.6 LE Read Advertising Physical Channel
         Tx Power Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, self.advertising_channel_tx_power])
 
     def on_hci_le_set_advertising_data_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.7 LE Set Advertising Data Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.7 LE Set Advertising Data Command
         '''
         self.advertising_data = command.advertising_data
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_set_scan_response_data_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.8 LE Set Scan Response Data Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.8 LE Set Scan Response Data Command
         '''
         self.le_scan_response_data = command.scan_response_data
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_set_advertising_enable_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.9 LE Set Advertising Enable Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.9 LE Set Advertising Enable Command
         '''
         if command.advertising_enable:
             self.start_advertising()
@@ -975,7 +993,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_set_scan_parameters_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.10 LE Set Scan Parameters Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.10 LE Set Scan Parameters Command
         '''
         self.le_scan_type = command.le_scan_type
         self.le_scan_interval = command.le_scan_interval
@@ -986,7 +1004,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_set_scan_enable_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.11 LE Set Scan Enable Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.11 LE Set Scan Enable Command
         '''
         self.le_scan_enable = command.le_scan_enable
         self.filter_duplicates = command.filter_duplicates
@@ -994,7 +1012,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_create_connection_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.12 LE Create Connection Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.12 LE Create Connection Command
         '''
 
         if not self.link:
@@ -1027,40 +1045,40 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_create_connection_cancel_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.13 LE Create Connection Cancel Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.13 LE Create Connection Cancel Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_read_filter_accept_list_size_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.14 LE Read Filter Accept List Size
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.14 LE Read Filter Accept List Size
         Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, self.filter_accept_list_size])
 
     def on_hci_le_clear_filter_accept_list_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.15 LE Clear Filter Accept List Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.15 LE Clear Filter Accept List Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_add_device_to_filter_accept_list_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.16 LE Add Device To Filter Accept List
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.16 LE Add Device To Filter Accept List
         Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_remove_device_from_filter_accept_list_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.17 LE Remove Device From Filter Accept
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.17 LE Remove Device From Filter Accept
         List Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_read_remote_features_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.21 LE Read Remote Features Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.21 LE Read Remote Features Command
         '''
 
         # First, say that the command is pending
@@ -1083,13 +1101,13 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_rand_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.23 LE Rand Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.23 LE Rand Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + struct.pack('Q', random.randint(0, 1 << 64))
 
     def on_hci_le_enable_encryption_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.24 LE Enable Encryption Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.24 LE Enable Encryption Command
         '''
 
         # Check the parameters
@@ -1122,13 +1140,13 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_supported_states_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.27 LE Read Supported States Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.27 LE Read Supported States Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + self.le_states
 
     def on_hci_le_read_suggested_default_data_length_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.34 LE Read Suggested Default Data Length
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.34 LE Read Suggested Default Data Length
         Command
         '''
         return struct.pack(
@@ -1140,7 +1158,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_write_suggested_default_data_length_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.35 LE Write Suggested Default Data Length
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.35 LE Write Suggested Default Data Length
         Command
         '''
         self.suggested_max_tx_octets, self.suggested_max_tx_time = struct.unpack(
@@ -1150,33 +1168,33 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_local_p_256_public_key_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.36 LE Read P-256 Public Key Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.36 LE Read P-256 Public Key Command
         '''
         # TODO create key and send HCI_LE_Read_Local_P-256_Public_Key_Complete event
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_add_device_to_resolving_list_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.38 LE Add Device To Resolving List
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.38 LE Add Device To Resolving List
         Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_clear_resolving_list_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.40 LE Clear Resolving List Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.40 LE Clear Resolving List Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
     def on_hci_le_read_resolving_list_size_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.41 LE Read Resolving List Size Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.41 LE Read Resolving List Size Command
         '''
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, self.resolving_list_size])
 
     def on_hci_le_set_address_resolution_enable_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.44 LE Set Address Resolution Enable
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.44 LE Set Address Resolution Enable
         Command
         '''
         ret = HCI_SUCCESS
@@ -1190,7 +1208,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_set_resolvable_private_address_timeout_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.45 LE Set Resolvable Private Address
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.45 LE Set Resolvable Private Address
         Timeout Command
         '''
         self.le_rpa_timeout = command.rpa_timeout
@@ -1198,7 +1216,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_maximum_data_length_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.46 LE Read Maximum Data Length Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.46 LE Read Maximum Data Length Command
         '''
         return struct.pack(
             '<BHHHH',
@@ -1211,7 +1229,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_phy_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.47 LE Read PHY Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.47 LE Read PHY Command
         '''
         return struct.pack(
             '<BHBB',
@@ -1223,7 +1241,7 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_set_default_phy_command(self, command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.48 LE Set Default PHY Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.48 LE Set Default PHY Command
         '''
         self.default_phy = {
             'all_phys': command.all_phys,
@@ -1234,6 +1252,6 @@ class Controller:
 
     def on_hci_le_read_transmit_power_command(self, _command):
         '''
-        See Bluetooth spec Vol 2, Part E - 7.8.74 LE Read Transmit Power Command
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.74 LE Read Transmit Power Command
         '''
         return struct.pack('<BBB', HCI_SUCCESS, 0, 0)

bumble/core.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 import struct
-from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast
+from typing import List, Optional, Tuple, Union, cast, Dict
 
 from .company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
 
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ def bit_flags_to_strings(bits, bit_flag_names):
     return names
 
 
-def name_or_number(dictionary, number, width=2):
+def name_or_number(dictionary: Dict[int, str], number: int, width: int = 2) -> str:
     name = dictionary.get(number)
     if name is not None:
         return name
@@ -562,11 +562,82 @@ class DeviceClass:
         PERIPHERAL_HANDHELD_GESTURAL_INPUT_DEVICE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS: 'Handheld gestural input device'
     }
 
+    WEARABLE_UNCATEGORIZED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS = 0x00
+    WEARABLE_WRISTWATCH_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS    = 0x01
+    WEARABLE_PAGER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS         = 0x02
+    WEARABLE_JACKET_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS        = 0x03
+    WEARABLE_HELMET_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS        = 0x04
+    WEARABLE_GLASSES_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS       = 0x05
+
+    WEARABLE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES = {
+        WEARABLE_UNCATEGORIZED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS: 'Uncategorized',
+        WEARABLE_WRISTWATCH_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:    'Wristwatch',
+        WEARABLE_PAGER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:         'Pager',
+        WEARABLE_JACKET_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:        'Jacket',
+        WEARABLE_HELMET_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:        'Helmet',
+        WEARABLE_GLASSES_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:       'Glasses',
+    }
+
+    TOY_UNCATEGORIZED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS      = 0x00
+    TOY_ROBOT_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS              = 0x01
+    TOY_VEHICLE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS            = 0x02
+    TOY_DOLL_ACTION_FIGURE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS = 0x03
+    TOY_CONTROLLER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS         = 0x04
+    TOY_GAME_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS               = 0x05
+
+    TOY_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES = {
+        TOY_UNCATEGORIZED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:      'Uncategorized',
+        TOY_ROBOT_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:              'Robot',
+        TOY_VEHICLE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:            'Vehicle',
+        TOY_DOLL_ACTION_FIGURE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS: 'Doll/Action figure',
+        TOY_CONTROLLER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:         'Controller',
+        TOY_GAME_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:               'Game',
+    }
+
+    HEALTH_UNDEFINED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS                 = 0x00
+    HEALTH_BLOOD_PRESSURE_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS    = 0x01
+    HEALTH_THERMOMETER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS               = 0x02
+    HEALTH_WEIGHING_SCALE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS            = 0x03
+    HEALTH_GLUCOSE_METER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS             = 0x04
+    HEALTH_PULSE_OXIMETER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS            = 0x05
+    HEALTH_HEART_PULSE_RATE_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS  = 0x06
+    HEALTH_HEALTH_DATA_DISPLAY_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS       = 0x07
+    HEALTH_STEP_COUNTER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS              = 0x08
+    HEALTH_BODY_COMPOSITION_ANALYZER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS = 0x09
+    HEALTH_PEAK_FLOW_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS         = 0x0A
+    HEALTH_MEDICATION_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS        = 0x0B
+    HEALTH_KNEE_PROSTHESIS_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS           = 0x0C
+    HEALTH_ANKLE_PROSTHESIS_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS          = 0x0D
+    HEALTH_GENERIC_HEALTH_MANAGER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS    = 0x0E
+    HEALTH_PERSONAL_MOBILITY_DEVICE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS  = 0x0F
+
+    HEALTH_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES = {
+        HEALTH_UNDEFINED_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:                 'Undefined',
+        HEALTH_BLOOD_PRESSURE_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:    'Blood Pressure Monitor',
+        HEALTH_THERMOMETER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:               'Thermometer',
+        HEALTH_WEIGHING_SCALE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:            'Weighing Scale',
+        HEALTH_GLUCOSE_METER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:             'Glucose Meter',
+        HEALTH_PULSE_OXIMETER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:            'Pulse Oximeter',
+        HEALTH_HEART_PULSE_RATE_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:  'Heart/Pulse Rate Monitor',
+        HEALTH_HEALTH_DATA_DISPLAY_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:       'Health Data Display',
+        HEALTH_STEP_COUNTER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:              'Step Counter',
+        HEALTH_BODY_COMPOSITION_ANALYZER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS: 'Body Composition Analyzer',
+        HEALTH_PEAK_FLOW_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:         'Peak Flow Monitor',
+        HEALTH_MEDICATION_MONITOR_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:        'Medication Monitor',
+        HEALTH_KNEE_PROSTHESIS_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:           'Knee Prosthesis',
+        HEALTH_ANKLE_PROSTHESIS_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:          'Ankle Prosthesis',
+        HEALTH_GENERIC_HEALTH_MANAGER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:    'Generic Health Manager',
+        HEALTH_PERSONAL_MOBILITY_DEVICE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS:  'Personal Mobility Device',
+    }
+
     MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES = {
         COMPUTER_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:    COMPUTER_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
         PHONE_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:       PHONE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
         AUDIO_VIDEO_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS: AUDIO_VIDEO_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
-        PERIPHERAL_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:  PERIPHERAL_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES
+        PERIPHERAL_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:  PERIPHERAL_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
+        WEARABLE_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:    WEARABLE_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
+        TOY_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:         TOY_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
+        HEALTH_MAJOR_DEVICE_CLASS:      HEALTH_MINOR_DEVICE_CLASS_NAMES,
     }
 
     # fmt: on

bumble/gatt.py

@@ -283,8 +283,7 @@ class IncludedServiceDeclaration(Attribute):
             f'IncludedServiceDefinition(handle=0x{self.handle:04X}, '
             f'group_starting_handle=0x{self.service.handle:04X}, '
             f'group_ending_handle=0x{self.service.end_group_handle:04X}, '
-            f'uuid={self.service.uuid}, '
+            f'uuid={self.service.uuid})'
-            f'{self.service.properties!s})'
         )
 
 
@@ -309,31 +308,33 @@ class Characteristic(Attribute):
         AUTHENTICATED_SIGNED_WRITES = 0x40
         EXTENDED_PROPERTIES = 0x80
 
-        @staticmethod
+        @classmethod
-        def from_string(properties_str: str) -> Characteristic.Properties:
+        def from_string(cls, properties_str: str) -> Characteristic.Properties:
-            property_names: List[str] = []
-            for property in Characteristic.Properties:
-                if property.name is None:
-                    raise TypeError()
-                property_names.append(property.name)
-
-            def string_to_property(property_string) -> Characteristic.Properties:
-                for property in zip(Characteristic.Properties, property_names):
-                    if property_string == property[1]:
-                        return property[0]
-                raise TypeError(f"Unable to convert {property_string} to Property")
-
             try:
                 return functools.reduce(
-                    lambda x, y: x | string_to_property(y),
+                    lambda x, y: x | cls[y],
-                    properties_str.split(","),
+                    properties_str.replace("|", ",").split(","),
                     Characteristic.Properties(0),
                 )
-            except TypeError:
+            except (TypeError, KeyError):
+                # The check for `p.name is not None` here is needed because for InFlag
+                # enums, the .name property can be None, when the enum value is 0,
+                # so the type hint for .name is Optional[str].
+                enum_list: List[str] = [p.name for p in cls if p.name is not None]
+                enum_list_str = ",".join(enum_list)
                 raise TypeError(
-                    f"Characteristic.Properties::from_string() error:\nExpected a string containing any of the keys, separated by commas: {','.join(property_names)}\nGot: {properties_str}"
+                    f"Characteristic.Properties::from_string() error:\nExpected a string containing any of the keys, separated by , or |: {enum_list_str}\nGot: {properties_str}"
                 )
 
+        def __str__(self):
+            # NOTE: we override this method to offer a consistent result between python
+            # versions: the value returned by IntFlag.__str__() changed in version 11.
+            return '|'.join(
+                flag.name
+                for flag in Characteristic.Properties
+                if self.value & flag.value and flag.name is not None
+            )
+
     # For backwards compatibility these are defined here
     # For new code, please use Characteristic.Properties.X
     BROADCAST = Properties.BROADCAST
@@ -373,7 +374,7 @@ class Characteristic(Attribute):
             f'Characteristic(handle=0x{self.handle:04X}, '
             f'end=0x{self.end_group_handle:04X}, '
             f'uuid={self.uuid}, '
-            f'{self.properties!s})'
+            f'{self.properties})'
         )
 
 
@@ -401,7 +402,7 @@ class CharacteristicDeclaration(Attribute):
             f'CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x{self.handle:04X}, '
             f'value_handle=0x{self.value_handle:04X}, '
             f'uuid={self.characteristic.uuid}, '
-            f'{self.characteristic.properties!s})'
+            f'{self.characteristic.properties})'
         )
 
 

bumble/hci.py

@@ -1445,8 +1445,14 @@ class HCI_Object:
     @staticmethod
     def init_from_fields(hci_object, fields, values):
         if isinstance(values, dict):
-            for field_name, _ in fields:
+            for field in fields:
-                setattr(hci_object, field_name, values[field_name])
+                if isinstance(field, list):
+                    # The field is an array, up-level the array field names
+                    for sub_field_name, _ in field:
+                        setattr(hci_object, sub_field_name, values[sub_field_name])
+                else:
+                    field_name = field[0]
+                    setattr(hci_object, field_name, values[field_name])
         else:
             for field_name, field_value in zip(fields, values):
                 setattr(hci_object, field_name, field_value)
@@ -1456,133 +1462,161 @@ class HCI_Object:
         parsed = HCI_Object.dict_from_bytes(data, offset, fields)
         HCI_Object.init_from_fields(hci_object, parsed.keys(), parsed.values())
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def parse_field(data, offset, field_type):
+        # The field_type may be a dictionary with a mapper, parser, and/or size
+        if isinstance(field_type, dict):
+            if 'size' in field_type:
+                field_type = field_type['size']
+            elif 'parser' in field_type:
+                field_type = field_type['parser']
+
+        # Parse the field
+        if field_type == '*':
+            # The rest of the bytes
+            field_value = data[offset:]
+            return (field_value, len(field_value))
+        if field_type == 1:
+            # 8-bit unsigned
+            return (data[offset], 1)
+        if field_type == -1:
+            # 8-bit signed
+            return (struct.unpack_from('b', data, offset)[0], 1)
+        if field_type == 2:
+            # 16-bit unsigned
+            return (struct.unpack_from('<H', data, offset)[0], 2)
+        if field_type == '>2':
+            # 16-bit unsigned big-endian
+            return (struct.unpack_from('>H', data, offset)[0], 2)
+        if field_type == -2:
+            # 16-bit signed
+            return (struct.unpack_from('<h', data, offset)[0], 2)
+        if field_type == 3:
+            # 24-bit unsigned
+            padded = data[offset : offset + 3] + bytes([0])
+            return (struct.unpack('<I', padded)[0], 3)
+        if field_type == 4:
+            # 32-bit unsigned
+            return (struct.unpack_from('<I', data, offset)[0], 4)
+        if field_type == '>4':
+            # 32-bit unsigned big-endian
+            return (struct.unpack_from('>I', data, offset)[0], 4)
+        if isinstance(field_type, int) and 4 < field_type <= 256:
+            # Byte array (from 5 up to 256 bytes)
+            return (data[offset : offset + field_type], field_type)
+        if callable(field_type):
+            new_offset, field_value = field_type(data, offset)
+            return (field_value, new_offset - offset)
+
+        raise ValueError(f'unknown field type {field_type}')
+
     @staticmethod
     def dict_from_bytes(data, offset, fields):
         result = collections.OrderedDict()
-        for (field_name, field_type) in fields:
+        for field in fields:
-            # The field_type may be a dictionary with a mapper, parser, and/or size
+            if isinstance(field, list):
-            if isinstance(field_type, dict):
+                # This is an array field, starting with a 1-byte item count.
-                if 'size' in field_type:
+                item_count = data[offset]
-                    field_type = field_type['size']
-                elif 'parser' in field_type:
-                    field_type = field_type['parser']
-
-            # Parse the field
-            if field_type == '*':
-                # The rest of the bytes
-                field_value = data[offset:]
-                offset += len(field_value)
-            elif field_type == 1:
-                # 8-bit unsigned
-                field_value = data[offset]
                 offset += 1
-            elif field_type == -1:
+                for _ in range(item_count):
-                # 8-bit signed
+                    for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in field:
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('b', data, offset)[0]
+                        value, size = HCI_Object.parse_field(
-                offset += 1
+                            data, offset, sub_field_type
-            elif field_type == 2:
+                        )
-                # 16-bit unsigned
+                        result.setdefault(sub_field_name, []).append(value)
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('<H', data, offset)[0]
+                        offset += size
-                offset += 2
+                continue
-            elif field_type == '>2':
-                # 16-bit unsigned big-endian
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('>H', data, offset)[0]
-                offset += 2
-            elif field_type == -2:
-                # 16-bit signed
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('<h', data, offset)[0]
-                offset += 2
-            elif field_type == 3:
-                # 24-bit unsigned
-                padded = data[offset : offset + 3] + bytes([0])
-                field_value = struct.unpack('<I', padded)[0]
-                offset += 3
-            elif field_type == 4:
-                # 32-bit unsigned
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('<I', data, offset)[0]
-                offset += 4
-            elif field_type == '>4':
-                # 32-bit unsigned big-endian
-                field_value = struct.unpack_from('>I', data, offset)[0]
-                offset += 4
-            elif isinstance(field_type, int) and 4 < field_type <= 256:
-                # Byte array (from 5 up to 256 bytes)
-                field_value = data[offset : offset + field_type]
-                offset += field_type
-            elif callable(field_type):
-                offset, field_value = field_type(data, offset)
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(f'unknown field type {field_type}')
 
+            field_name, field_type = field
+            field_value, field_size = HCI_Object.parse_field(data, offset, field_type)
             result[field_name] = field_value
+            offset += field_size
 
         return result
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def serialize_field(field_value, field_type):
+        # The field_type may be a dictionary with a mapper, parser, serializer,
+        # and/or size
+        serializer = None
+        if isinstance(field_type, dict):
+            if 'serializer' in field_type:
+                serializer = field_type['serializer']
+            if 'size' in field_type:
+                field_type = field_type['size']
+
+        # Serialize the field
+        if serializer:
+            field_bytes = serializer(field_value)
+        elif field_type == 1:
+            # 8-bit unsigned
+            field_bytes = bytes([field_value])
+        elif field_type == -1:
+            # 8-bit signed
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('b', field_value)
+        elif field_type == 2:
+            # 16-bit unsigned
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('<H', field_value)
+        elif field_type == '>2':
+            # 16-bit unsigned big-endian
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('>H', field_value)
+        elif field_type == -2:
+            # 16-bit signed
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('<h', field_value)
+        elif field_type == 3:
+            # 24-bit unsigned
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('<I', field_value)[0:3]
+        elif field_type == 4:
+            # 32-bit unsigned
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('<I', field_value)
+        elif field_type == '>4':
+            # 32-bit unsigned big-endian
+            field_bytes = struct.pack('>I', field_value)
+        elif field_type == '*':
+            if isinstance(field_value, int):
+                if 0 <= field_value <= 255:
+                    field_bytes = bytes([field_value])
+                else:
+                    raise ValueError('value too large for *-typed field')
+            else:
+                field_bytes = bytes(field_value)
+        elif isinstance(field_value, (bytes, bytearray)) or hasattr(
+            field_value, 'to_bytes'
+        ):
+            field_bytes = bytes(field_value)
+            if isinstance(field_type, int) and 4 < field_type <= 256:
+                # Truncate or pad with zeros if the field is too long or too short
+                if len(field_bytes) < field_type:
+                    field_bytes += bytes(field_type - len(field_bytes))
+                elif len(field_bytes) > field_type:
+                    field_bytes = field_bytes[:field_type]
+        else:
+            raise ValueError(f"don't know how to serialize type {type(field_value)}")
+
+        return field_bytes
+
     @staticmethod
     def dict_to_bytes(hci_object, fields):
         result = bytearray()
-        for (field_name, field_type) in fields:
+        for field in fields:
-            # The field_type may be a dictionary with a mapper, parser, serializer,
+            if isinstance(field, list):
-            # and/or size
+                # The field is an array. The serialized form starts with a 1-byte
-            serializer = None
+                # item count. We use the length of the first array field as the
-            if isinstance(field_type, dict):
+                # array count, since all array fields have the same number of items.
-                if 'serializer' in field_type:
+                item_count = len(hci_object[field[0][0]])
-                    serializer = field_type['serializer']
+                result += bytes([item_count]) + b''.join(
-                if 'size' in field_type:
+                    b''.join(
-                    field_type = field_type['size']
+                        HCI_Object.serialize_field(
-
+                            hci_object[sub_field_name][i], sub_field_type
-            # Serialize the field
+                        )
-            field_value = hci_object[field_name]
+                        for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in field
-            if serializer:
+                    )
-                field_bytes = serializer(field_value)
+                    for i in range(item_count)
-            elif field_type == 1:
-                # 8-bit unsigned
-                field_bytes = bytes([field_value])
-            elif field_type == -1:
-                # 8-bit signed
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('b', field_value)
-            elif field_type == 2:
-                # 16-bit unsigned
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('<H', field_value)
-            elif field_type == '>2':
-                # 16-bit unsigned big-endian
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('>H', field_value)
-            elif field_type == -2:
-                # 16-bit signed
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('<h', field_value)
-            elif field_type == 3:
-                # 24-bit unsigned
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('<I', field_value)[0:3]
-            elif field_type == 4:
-                # 32-bit unsigned
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('<I', field_value)
-            elif field_type == '>4':
-                # 32-bit unsigned big-endian
-                field_bytes = struct.pack('>I', field_value)
-            elif field_type == '*':
-                if isinstance(field_value, int):
-                    if 0 <= field_value <= 255:
-                        field_bytes = bytes([field_value])
-                    else:
-                        raise ValueError('value too large for *-typed field')
-                else:
-                    field_bytes = bytes(field_value)
-            elif isinstance(field_value, (bytes, bytearray)) or hasattr(
-                field_value, 'to_bytes'
-            ):
-                field_bytes = bytes(field_value)
-                if isinstance(field_type, int) and 4 < field_type <= 256:
-                    # Truncate or Pad with zeros if the field is too long or too short
-                    if len(field_bytes) < field_type:
-                        field_bytes += bytes(field_type - len(field_bytes))
-                    elif len(field_bytes) > field_type:
-                        field_bytes = field_bytes[:field_type]
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"don't know how to serialize type {type(field_value)}"
                 )
+                continue
 
-            result += field_bytes
+            (field_name, field_type) = field
+            result += HCI_Object.serialize_field(hci_object[field_name], field_type)
 
         return bytes(result)
 
@@ -1617,48 +1651,73 @@ class HCI_Object:
         return str(value)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def format_fields(hci_object, keys, indentation='', value_mappers=None):
+    def stringify_field(
-        if not keys:
+        field_name, field_type, field_value, indentation, value_mappers
-            return ''
+    ):
+        value_mapper = None
+        if isinstance(field_type, dict):
+            # Get the value mapper from the specifier
+            value_mapper = field_type.get('mapper')
 
-        # Measure the widest field name
+        # Check if there's a matching mapper passed
-        max_field_name_length = max(
+        if value_mappers:
-            (len(key[0] if isinstance(key, tuple) else key) for key in keys)
+            value_mapper = value_mappers.get(field_name, value_mapper)
+
+        # Map the value if we have a mapper
+        if value_mapper is not None:
+            field_value = value_mapper(field_value)
+
+        # Get the string representation of the value
+        return HCI_Object.format_field_value(
+            field_value, indentation=indentation + '  '
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def format_fields(hci_object, fields, indentation='', value_mappers=None):
+        if not fields:
+            return ''
+
         # Build array of formatted key:value pairs
-        fields = []
+        field_strings = []
-        for key in keys:
+        for field in fields:
-            value_mapper = None
+            if isinstance(field, list):
-            if isinstance(key, tuple):
+                for sub_field in field:
-                # The key has an associated specifier
+                    sub_field_name, sub_field_type = sub_field
-                key, specifier = key
+                    item_count = len(hci_object[sub_field_name])
+                    for i in range(item_count):
+                        field_strings.append(
+                            (
+                                f'{sub_field_name}[{i}]',
+                                HCI_Object.stringify_field(
+                                    sub_field_name,
+                                    sub_field_type,
+                                    hci_object[sub_field_name][i],
+                                    indentation,
+                                    value_mappers,
+                                ),
+                            ),
+                        )
+                continue
 
-                # Get the value mapper from the specifier
+            field_name, field_type = field
-                if isinstance(specifier, dict):
+            field_value = hci_object[field_name]
-                    value_mapper = specifier.get('mapper')
+            field_strings.append(
-
+                (
-            # Get the value for the field
+                    field_name,
-            value = hci_object[key]
+                    HCI_Object.stringify_field(
-
+                        field_name, field_type, field_value, indentation, value_mappers
-            # Check if there's a matching mapper passed
+                    ),
-            if value_mappers:
+                ),
-                value_mapper = value_mappers.get(key, value_mapper)
-
-            # Map the value if we have a mapper
-            if value_mapper is not None:
-                value = value_mapper(value)
-
-            # Get the string representation of the value
-            value_str = HCI_Object.format_field_value(
-                value, indentation=indentation + '  '
             )
 
-            # Add the field to the formatted result
+        # Measure the widest field name
-            key_str = color(f'{key + ":":{1 + max_field_name_length}}', 'cyan')
+        max_field_name_length = max(len(s[0]) for s in field_strings)
-            fields.append(f'{indentation}{key_str} {value_str}')
+        sep = ':'
-
+        return '\n'.join(
-        return '\n'.join(fields)
+            f'{indentation}'
+            f'{color(f"{field_name + sep:{1 + max_field_name_length}}", "cyan")} {field_value}'
+            for field_name, field_value in field_strings
+        )
 
     def __bytes__(self):
         return self.to_bytes()
@@ -3769,9 +3828,7 @@ class HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Parameters_Command(HCI_Command):
             'advertising_data',
             {
                 'parser': HCI_Object.parse_length_prefixed_bytes,
-                'serializer': functools.partial(
+                'serializer': HCI_Object.serialize_length_prefixed_bytes,
-                    HCI_Object.serialize_length_prefixed_bytes
-                ),
             },
         ),
     ]
@@ -3819,9 +3876,7 @@ class HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Data_Command(HCI_Command):
             'scan_response_data',
             {
                 'parser': HCI_Object.parse_length_prefixed_bytes,
-                'serializer': functools.partial(
+                'serializer': HCI_Object.serialize_length_prefixed_bytes,
-                    HCI_Object.serialize_length_prefixed_bytes
-                ),
             },
         ),
     ]
@@ -3849,73 +3904,21 @@ class HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Scan_Response_Data_Command(HCI_Command):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@HCI_Command.command(fields=None)
+@HCI_Command.command(
+    [
+        ('enable', 1),
+        [
+            ('advertising_handles', 1),
+            ('durations', 2),
+            ('max_extended_advertising_events', 1),
+        ],
+    ]
+)
 class HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Enable_Command(HCI_Command):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.56 LE Set Extended Advertising Enable Command
     '''
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_parameters(cls, parameters):
-        enable = parameters[0]
-        num_sets = parameters[1]
-        advertising_handles = []
-        durations = []
-        max_extended_advertising_events = []
-        offset = 2
-        for _ in range(num_sets):
-            advertising_handles.append(parameters[offset])
-            durations.append(struct.unpack_from('<H', parameters, offset + 1)[0])
-            max_extended_advertising_events.append(parameters[offset + 3])
-            offset += 4
-
-        return cls(
-            enable, advertising_handles, durations, max_extended_advertising_events
-        )
-
-    def __init__(
-        self, enable, advertising_handles, durations, max_extended_advertising_events
-    ):
-        super().__init__(HCI_LE_SET_EXTENDED_ADVERTISING_ENABLE_COMMAND)
-        self.enable = enable
-        self.advertising_handles = advertising_handles
-        self.durations = durations
-        self.max_extended_advertising_events = max_extended_advertising_events
-
-        self.parameters = bytes([enable, len(advertising_handles)]) + b''.join(
-            [
-                struct.pack(
-                    '<BHB',
-                    advertising_handles[i],
-                    durations[i],
-                    max_extended_advertising_events[i],
-                )
-                for i in range(len(advertising_handles))
-            ]
-        )
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        fields = [('enable:', self.enable)]
-        for i, advertising_handle in enumerate(self.advertising_handles):
-            fields.append(
-                (f'advertising_handle[{i}]:             ', advertising_handle)
-            )
-            fields.append((f'duration[{i}]:                       ', self.durations[i]))
-            fields.append(
-                (
-                    f'max_extended_advertising_events[{i}]:',
-                    self.max_extended_advertising_events[i],
-                )
-            )
-
-        return (
-            color(self.name, 'green')
-            + ':\n'
-            + '\n'.join(
-                [color(field[0], 'cyan') + ' ' + str(field[1]) for field in fields]
-            )
-        )
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command(
@@ -4066,7 +4069,10 @@ class HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Scan_Parameters_Command(HCI_Command):
             color(self.name, 'green')
             + ':\n'
             + '\n'.join(
-                [color(field[0], 'cyan') + ' ' + str(field[1]) for field in fields]
+                [
+                    color('  ' + field[0], 'cyan') + ' ' + str(field[1])
+                    for field in fields
+                ]
             )
         )
 
@@ -4242,7 +4248,10 @@ class HCI_LE_Extended_Create_Connection_Command(HCI_Command):
             color(self.name, 'green')
             + ':\n'
             + '\n'.join(
-                [color(field[0], 'cyan') + ' ' + str(field[1]) for field in fields]
+                [
+                    color('  ' + field[0], 'cyan') + ' ' + str(field[1])
+                    for field in fields
+                ]
             )
         )
 
@@ -5205,7 +5214,7 @@ class HCI_Number_Of_Completed_Packets_Event(HCI_Event):
     def __str__(self):
         lines = [
             color(self.name, 'magenta') + ':',
-            color('  number_of_handles:         ', 'cyan')
+            color('  number_of_handles:        ', 'cyan')
             + f'{len(self.connection_handles)}',
         ]
         for i, connection_handle in enumerate(self.connection_handles):

bumble/l2cap.py

@@ -22,7 +22,19 @@ import struct
 
 from collections import deque
 from pyee import EventEmitter
-from typing import Dict, Type
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    Type,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    Callable,
+    Any,
+    Union,
+    Deque,
+    Iterable,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+)
 
 from .colors import color
 from .core import BT_CENTRAL_ROLE, InvalidStateError, ProtocolError
@@ -33,6 +45,9 @@ from .hci import (
     name_or_number,
 )
 
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from bumble.device import Connection
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -155,7 +170,7 @@ class L2CAP_PDU:
     '''
 
     @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(data):
+    def from_bytes(data: bytes) -> L2CAP_PDU:
         # Sanity check
         if len(data) < 4:
             raise ValueError('not enough data for L2CAP header')
@@ -165,18 +180,18 @@ class L2CAP_PDU:
 
         return L2CAP_PDU(l2cap_pdu_cid, l2cap_pdu_payload)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
         header = struct.pack('<HH', len(self.payload), self.cid)
         return header + self.payload
 
-    def __init__(self, cid, payload):
+    def __init__(self, cid: int, payload: bytes) -> None:
         self.cid = cid
         self.payload = payload
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return self.to_bytes()
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f'{color("L2CAP", "green")} [CID={self.cid}]: {self.payload.hex()}'
 
 
@@ -188,10 +203,10 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
 
     classes: Dict[int, Type[L2CAP_Control_Frame]] = {}
     code = 0
-    name = None
+    name: str
 
     @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(pdu):
+    def from_bytes(pdu: bytes) -> L2CAP_Control_Frame:
         code = pdu[0]
 
         cls = L2CAP_Control_Frame.classes.get(code)
@@ -216,11 +231,11 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
         return self
 
     @staticmethod
-    def code_name(code):
+    def code_name(code: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_CONTROL_FRAME_NAMES, code)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def decode_configuration_options(data):
+    def decode_configuration_options(data: bytes) -> List[Tuple[int, bytes]]:
         options = []
         while len(data) >= 2:
             value_type = data[0]
@@ -232,7 +247,7 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
         return options
 
     @staticmethod
-    def encode_configuration_options(options):
+    def encode_configuration_options(options: List[Tuple[int, bytes]]) -> bytes:
         return b''.join(
             [bytes([option[0], len(option[1])]) + option[1] for option in options]
         )
@@ -256,29 +271,30 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
 
         return inner
 
-    def __init__(self, pdu=None, **kwargs):
+    def __init__(self, pdu=None, **kwargs) -> None:
         self.identifier = kwargs.get('identifier', 0)
-        if hasattr(self, 'fields') and kwargs:
+        if hasattr(self, 'fields'):
-            HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
+            if kwargs:
-        if pdu is None:
+                HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
-            data = HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(kwargs, self.fields)
+            if pdu is None:
-            pdu = (
+                data = HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(kwargs, self.fields)
-                bytes([self.code, self.identifier])
+                pdu = (
-                + struct.pack('<H', len(data))
+                    bytes([self.code, self.identifier])
-                + data
+                    + struct.pack('<H', len(data))
-            )
+                    + data
+                )
         self.pdu = pdu
 
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
         return self.pdu
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return self.to_bytes()
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         result = f'{color(self.name, "yellow")} [ID={self.identifier}]'
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
             result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(self.__dict__, fields, '  ')
@@ -315,7 +331,7 @@ class L2CAP_Command_Reject(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def reason_name(reason):
+    def reason_name(reason: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_Command_Reject.REASON_NAMES, reason)
 
 
@@ -343,7 +359,7 @@ class L2CAP_Connection_Request(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     '''
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_psm(data, offset=0):
+    def parse_psm(data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> Tuple[int, int]:
         psm_length = 2
         psm = data[offset] | data[offset + 1] << 8
 
@@ -355,7 +371,7 @@ class L2CAP_Connection_Request(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
         return offset + psm_length, psm
 
     @staticmethod
-    def serialize_psm(psm):
+    def serialize_psm(psm: int) -> bytes:
         serialized = struct.pack('<H', psm & 0xFFFF)
         psm >>= 16
         while psm:
@@ -405,7 +421,7 @@ class L2CAP_Connection_Response(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def result_name(result):
+    def result_name(result: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_Connection_Response.RESULT_NAMES, result)
 
 
@@ -452,7 +468,7 @@ class L2CAP_Configure_Response(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def result_name(result):
+    def result_name(result: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_Configure_Response.RESULT_NAMES, result)
 
 
@@ -529,7 +545,7 @@ class L2CAP_Information_Request(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def info_type_name(info_type):
+    def info_type_name(info_type: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_Information_Request.INFO_TYPE_NAMES, info_type)
 
 
@@ -556,7 +572,7 @@ class L2CAP_Information_Response(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     RESULT_NAMES = {SUCCESS: 'SUCCESS', NOT_SUPPORTED: 'NOT_SUPPORTED'}
 
     @staticmethod
-    def result_name(result):
+    def result_name(result: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(L2CAP_Information_Response.RESULT_NAMES, result)
 
 
@@ -588,6 +604,8 @@ class L2CAP_LE_Credit_Based_Connection_Request(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     (CODE 0x14)
     '''
 
+    source_cid: int
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @L2CAP_Control_Frame.subclass(
@@ -640,7 +658,7 @@ class L2CAP_LE_Credit_Based_Connection_Response(L2CAP_Control_Frame):
     }
 
     @staticmethod
-    def result_name(result):
+    def result_name(result: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(
             L2CAP_LE_Credit_Based_Connection_Response.RESULT_NAMES, result
         )
@@ -701,7 +719,22 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         WAIT_CONTROL_IND: 'WAIT_CONTROL_IND',
     }
 
-    def __init__(self, manager, connection, signaling_cid, psm, source_cid, mtu):
+    connection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]]
+    disconnection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]]
+    response: Optional[asyncio.Future[bytes]]
+    sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], Any]]
+    state: int
+    connection: Connection
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        manager: 'ChannelManager',
+        connection: Connection,
+        signaling_cid: int,
+        psm: int,
+        source_cid: int,
+        mtu: int,
+    ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.manager = manager
         self.connection = connection
@@ -716,19 +749,19 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         self.disconnection_result = None
         self.sink = None
 
-    def change_state(self, new_state):
+    def change_state(self, new_state: int) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'{self} state change -> {color(Channel.STATE_NAMES[new_state], "cyan")}'
         )
         self.state = new_state
 
-    def send_pdu(self, pdu):
+    def send_pdu(self, pdu) -> None:
         self.manager.send_pdu(self.connection, self.destination_cid, pdu)
 
-    def send_control_frame(self, frame):
+    def send_control_frame(self, frame) -> None:
         self.manager.send_control_frame(self.connection, self.signaling_cid, frame)
 
-    async def send_request(self, request):
+    async def send_request(self, request) -> bytes:
         # Check that there isn't already a request pending
         if self.response:
             raise InvalidStateError('request already pending')
@@ -739,7 +772,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         self.send_pdu(request)
         return await self.response
 
-    def on_pdu(self, pdu):
+    def on_pdu(self, pdu) -> None:
         if self.response:
             self.response.set_result(pdu)
             self.response = None
@@ -751,7 +784,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
                 color('received pdu without a pending request or sink', 'red')
             )
 
-    async def connect(self):
+    async def connect(self) -> None:
         if self.state != Channel.CLOSED:
             raise InvalidStateError('invalid state')
 
@@ -778,7 +811,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         finally:
             self.connection_result = None
 
-    async def disconnect(self):
+    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
         if self.state != Channel.OPEN:
             raise InvalidStateError('invalid state')
 
@@ -796,12 +829,12 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         self.disconnection_result = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
         return await self.disconnection_result
 
-    def abort(self):
+    def abort(self) -> None:
         if self.state == self.OPEN:
             self.change_state(self.CLOSED)
             self.emit('close')
 
-    def send_configure_request(self):
+    def send_configure_request(self) -> None:
         options = L2CAP_Control_Frame.encode_configuration_options(
             [
                 (
@@ -819,7 +852,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
             )
         )
 
-    def on_connection_request(self, request):
+    def on_connection_request(self, request) -> None:
         self.destination_cid = request.source_cid
         self.change_state(Channel.WAIT_CONNECT)
         self.send_control_frame(
@@ -858,7 +891,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
             )
             self.connection_result = None
 
-    def on_configure_request(self, request):
+    def on_configure_request(self, request) -> None:
         if self.state not in (
             Channel.WAIT_CONFIG,
             Channel.WAIT_CONFIG_REQ,
@@ -896,7 +929,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         elif self.state == Channel.WAIT_CONFIG_REQ_RSP:
             self.change_state(Channel.WAIT_CONFIG_RSP)
 
-    def on_configure_response(self, response):
+    def on_configure_response(self, response) -> None:
         if response.result == L2CAP_Configure_Response.SUCCESS:
             if self.state == Channel.WAIT_CONFIG_REQ_RSP:
                 self.change_state(Channel.WAIT_CONFIG_REQ)
@@ -930,7 +963,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
             )
             # TODO: decide how to fail gracefully
 
-    def on_disconnection_request(self, request):
+    def on_disconnection_request(self, request) -> None:
         if self.state in (Channel.OPEN, Channel.WAIT_DISCONNECT):
             self.send_control_frame(
                 L2CAP_Disconnection_Response(
@@ -945,7 +978,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         else:
             logger.warning(color('invalid state', 'red'))
 
-    def on_disconnection_response(self, response):
+    def on_disconnection_response(self, response) -> None:
         if self.state != Channel.WAIT_DISCONNECT:
             logger.warning(color('invalid state', 'red'))
             return
@@ -964,7 +997,7 @@ class Channel(EventEmitter):
         self.emit('close')
         self.manager.on_channel_closed(self)
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f'Channel({self.source_cid}->{self.destination_cid}, '
             f'PSM={self.psm}, '
@@ -995,25 +1028,32 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         CONNECTION_ERROR: 'CONNECTION_ERROR',
     }
 
+    out_queue: Deque[bytes]
+    connection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future[LeConnectionOrientedChannel]]
+    disconnection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]]
+    out_sdu: Optional[bytes]
+    state: int
+    connection: Connection
+
     @staticmethod
-    def state_name(state):
+    def state_name(state: int) -> str:
         return name_or_number(LeConnectionOrientedChannel.STATE_NAMES, state)
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        manager,
+        manager: 'ChannelManager',
-        connection,
+        connection: Connection,
-        le_psm,
+        le_psm: int,
-        source_cid,
+        source_cid: int,
-        destination_cid,
+        destination_cid: int,
-        mtu,
+        mtu: int,
-        mps,
+        mps: int,
-        credits,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+        credits: int,  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
-        peer_mtu,
+        peer_mtu: int,
-        peer_mps,
+        peer_mps: int,
-        peer_credits,
+        peer_credits: int,
-        connected,
+        connected: bool,
-    ):
+    ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.manager = manager
         self.connection = connection
@@ -1045,7 +1085,7 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         else:
             self.state = LeConnectionOrientedChannel.INIT
 
-    def change_state(self, new_state):
+    def change_state(self, new_state: int) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'{self} state change -> {color(self.state_name(new_state), "cyan")}'
         )
@@ -1056,13 +1096,13 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         elif new_state == self.DISCONNECTED:
             self.emit('close')
 
-    def send_pdu(self, pdu):
+    def send_pdu(self, pdu) -> None:
         self.manager.send_pdu(self.connection, self.destination_cid, pdu)
 
-    def send_control_frame(self, frame):
+    def send_control_frame(self, frame) -> None:
         self.manager.send_control_frame(self.connection, L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID, frame)
 
-    async def connect(self):
+    async def connect(self) -> LeConnectionOrientedChannel:
         # Check that we're in the right state
         if self.state != self.INIT:
             raise InvalidStateError('not in a connectable state')
@@ -1090,7 +1130,7 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         # Wait for the connection to succeed or fail
         return await self.connection_result
 
-    async def disconnect(self):
+    async def disconnect(self) -> None:
         # Check that we're connected
         if self.state != self.CONNECTED:
             raise InvalidStateError('not connected')
@@ -1110,11 +1150,11 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         self.disconnection_result = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
         return await self.disconnection_result
 
-    def abort(self):
+    def abort(self) -> None:
         if self.state == self.CONNECTED:
             self.change_state(self.DISCONNECTED)
 
-    def on_pdu(self, pdu):
+    def on_pdu(self, pdu) -> None:
         if self.sink is None:
             logger.warning('received pdu without a sink')
             return
@@ -1180,7 +1220,7 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         self.in_sdu = None
         self.in_sdu_length = 0
 
-    def on_connection_response(self, response):
+    def on_connection_response(self, response) -> None:
         # Look for a matching pending response result
         if self.connection_result is None:
             logger.warning(
@@ -1214,14 +1254,14 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         # Cleanup
         self.connection_result = None
 
-    def on_credits(self, credits):  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
+    def on_credits(self, credits: int) -> None:  # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
         self.credits += credits
         logger.debug(f'received {credits} credits, total = {self.credits}')
 
         # Try to send more data if we have any queued up
         self.process_output()
 
-    def on_disconnection_request(self, request):
+    def on_disconnection_request(self, request) -> None:
         self.send_control_frame(
             L2CAP_Disconnection_Response(
                 identifier=request.identifier,
@@ -1232,7 +1272,7 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         self.change_state(self.DISCONNECTED)
         self.flush_output()
 
-    def on_disconnection_response(self, response):
+    def on_disconnection_response(self, response) -> None:
         if self.state != self.DISCONNECTING:
             logger.warning(color('invalid state', 'red'))
             return
@@ -1249,11 +1289,11 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
             self.disconnection_result.set_result(None)
             self.disconnection_result = None
 
-    def flush_output(self):
+    def flush_output(self) -> None:
         self.out_queue.clear()
         self.out_sdu = None
 
-    def process_output(self):
+    def process_output(self) -> None:
         while self.credits > 0:
             if self.out_sdu is not None:
                 # Finish the current SDU
@@ -1296,7 +1336,7 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
                 self.drained.set()
                 return
 
-    def write(self, data):
+    def write(self, data: bytes) -> None:
         if self.state != self.CONNECTED:
             logger.warning('not connected, dropping data')
             return
@@ -1311,18 +1351,18 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
         # Send what we can
         self.process_output()
 
-    async def drain(self):
+    async def drain(self) -> None:
         await self.drained.wait()
 
-    def pause_reading(self):
+    def pause_reading(self) -> None:
         # TODO: not implemented yet
         pass
 
-    def resume_reading(self):
+    def resume_reading(self) -> None:
         # TODO: not implemented yet
         pass
 
-    def __str__(self):
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f'CoC({self.source_cid}->{self.destination_cid}, '
             f'State={self.state_name(self.state)}, '
@@ -1335,9 +1375,21 @@ class LeConnectionOrientedChannel(EventEmitter):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class ChannelManager:
+    identifiers: Dict[int, int]
+    channels: Dict[int, Dict[int, Union[Channel, LeConnectionOrientedChannel]]]
+    servers: Dict[int, Callable[[Channel], Any]]
+    le_coc_channels: Dict[int, Dict[int, LeConnectionOrientedChannel]]
+    le_coc_servers: Dict[
+        int, Tuple[Callable[[LeConnectionOrientedChannel], Any], int, int, int]
+    ]
+    le_coc_requests: Dict[int, L2CAP_LE_Credit_Based_Connection_Request]
+    fixed_channels: Dict[int, Optional[Callable[[int, bytes], Any]]]
+
     def __init__(
-        self, extended_features=(), connectionless_mtu=L2CAP_DEFAULT_CONNECTIONLESS_MTU
+        self,
-    ):
+        extended_features: Iterable[int] = (),
+        connectionless_mtu: int = L2CAP_DEFAULT_CONNECTIONLESS_MTU,
+    ) -> None:
         self._host = None
         self.identifiers = {}  # Incrementing identifier values by connection
         self.channels = {}  # All channels, mapped by connection and source cid
@@ -1366,20 +1418,20 @@ class ChannelManager:
         if host is not None:
             host.on('disconnection', self.on_disconnection)
 
-    def find_channel(self, connection_handle, cid):
+    def find_channel(self, connection_handle: int, cid: int):
         if connection_channels := self.channels.get(connection_handle):
             return connection_channels.get(cid)
 
         return None
 
-    def find_le_coc_channel(self, connection_handle, cid):
+    def find_le_coc_channel(self, connection_handle: int, cid: int):
         if connection_channels := self.le_coc_channels.get(connection_handle):
             return connection_channels.get(cid)
 
         return None
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_free_br_edr_cid(channels):
+    def find_free_br_edr_cid(channels: Iterable[int]) -> int:
         # Pick the smallest valid CID that's not already in the list
         # (not necessarily the most efficient algorithm, but the list of CID is
         # very small in practice)
@@ -1392,7 +1444,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
         raise RuntimeError('no free CID available')
 
     @staticmethod
-    def find_free_le_cid(channels):
+    def find_free_le_cid(channels: Iterable[int]) -> int:
         # Pick the smallest valid CID that's not already in the list
         # (not necessarily the most efficient algorithm, but the list of CID is
         # very small in practice)
@@ -1405,7 +1457,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
         raise RuntimeError('no free CID')
 
     @staticmethod
-    def check_le_coc_parameters(max_credits, mtu, mps):
+    def check_le_coc_parameters(max_credits: int, mtu: int, mps: int) -> None:
         if (
             max_credits < 1
             or max_credits > L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_MAX_CREDITS
@@ -1419,19 +1471,21 @@ class ChannelManager:
         ):
             raise ValueError('MPS out of range')
 
-    def next_identifier(self, connection):
+    def next_identifier(self, connection: Connection) -> int:
         identifier = (self.identifiers.setdefault(connection.handle, 0) + 1) % 256
         self.identifiers[connection.handle] = identifier
         return identifier
 
-    def register_fixed_channel(self, cid, handler):
+    def register_fixed_channel(
+        self, cid: int, handler: Callable[[int, bytes], Any]
+    ) -> None:
         self.fixed_channels[cid] = handler
 
-    def deregister_fixed_channel(self, cid):
+    def deregister_fixed_channel(self, cid: int) -> None:
         if cid in self.fixed_channels:
             del self.fixed_channels[cid]
 
-    def register_server(self, psm, server):
+    def register_server(self, psm: int, server: Callable[[Channel], Any]) -> int:
         if psm == 0:
             # Find a free PSM
             for candidate in range(
@@ -1465,12 +1519,12 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
     def register_le_coc_server(
         self,
-        psm,
+        psm: int,
-        server,
+        server: Callable[[LeConnectionOrientedChannel], Any],
-        max_credits=L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_INITIAL_CREDITS,
+        max_credits: int = L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_INITIAL_CREDITS,
-        mtu=L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_MTU,
+        mtu: int = L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_MTU,
-        mps=L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_MPS,
+        mps: int = L2CAP_LE_CREDIT_BASED_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_MPS,
-    ):
+    ) -> int:
         self.check_le_coc_parameters(max_credits, mtu, mps)
 
         if psm == 0:
@@ -1498,7 +1552,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         return psm
 
-    def on_disconnection(self, connection_handle, _reason):
+    def on_disconnection(self, connection_handle: int, _reason: int) -> None:
         logger.debug(f'disconnection from {connection_handle}, cleaning up channels')
         if connection_handle in self.channels:
             for _, channel in self.channels[connection_handle].items():
@@ -1511,7 +1565,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
         if connection_handle in self.identifiers:
             del self.identifiers[connection_handle]
 
-    def send_pdu(self, connection, cid, pdu):
+    def send_pdu(self, connection, cid: int, pdu) -> None:
         pdu_str = pdu.hex() if isinstance(pdu, bytes) else str(pdu)
         logger.debug(
             f'{color(">>> Sending L2CAP PDU", "blue")} '
@@ -1520,14 +1574,16 @@ class ChannelManager:
         )
         self.host.send_l2cap_pdu(connection.handle, cid, bytes(pdu))
 
-    def on_pdu(self, connection, cid, pdu):
+    def on_pdu(self, connection: Connection, cid: int, pdu) -> None:
         if cid in (L2CAP_SIGNALING_CID, L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID):
             # Parse the L2CAP payload into a Control Frame object
             control_frame = L2CAP_Control_Frame.from_bytes(pdu)
 
             self.on_control_frame(connection, cid, control_frame)
         elif cid in self.fixed_channels:
-            self.fixed_channels[cid](connection.handle, pdu)
+            handler = self.fixed_channels[cid]
+            assert handler is not None
+            handler(connection.handle, pdu)
         else:
             if (channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, cid)) is None:
                 logger.warning(
@@ -1539,7 +1595,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
             channel.on_pdu(pdu)
 
-    def send_control_frame(self, connection, cid, control_frame):
+    def send_control_frame(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, control_frame
+    ) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'{color(">>> Sending L2CAP Signaling Control Frame", "blue")} '
             f'on connection [0x{connection.handle:04X}] (CID={cid}) '
@@ -1547,7 +1605,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
         )
         self.host.send_l2cap_pdu(connection.handle, cid, bytes(control_frame))
 
-    def on_control_frame(self, connection, cid, control_frame):
+    def on_control_frame(self, connection: Connection, cid: int, control_frame) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'{color("<<< Received L2CAP Signaling Control Frame", "green")} '
             f'on connection [0x{connection.handle:04X}] (CID={cid}) '
@@ -1584,10 +1642,14 @@ class ChannelManager:
                 ),
             )
 
-    def on_l2cap_command_reject(self, _connection, _cid, packet):
+    def on_l2cap_command_reject(
+        self, _connection: Connection, _cid: int, packet
+    ) -> None:
         logger.warning(f'{color("!!! Command rejected:", "red")} {packet.reason}')
 
-    def on_l2cap_connection_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_connection_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ) -> None:
         # Check if there's a server for this PSM
         server = self.servers.get(request.psm)
         if server:
@@ -1639,7 +1701,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
                 ),
             )
 
-    def on_l2cap_connection_response(self, connection, cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_connection_response(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, response.source_cid)
         ) is None:
@@ -1654,7 +1718,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_connection_response(response)
 
-    def on_l2cap_configure_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_configure_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, request.destination_cid)
         ) is None:
@@ -1669,7 +1735,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_configure_request(request)
 
-    def on_l2cap_configure_response(self, connection, cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_configure_response(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, response.source_cid)
         ) is None:
@@ -1684,7 +1752,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_configure_response(response)
 
-    def on_l2cap_disconnection_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_disconnection_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, request.destination_cid)
         ) is None:
@@ -1699,7 +1769,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_disconnection_request(request)
 
-    def on_l2cap_disconnection_response(self, connection, cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_disconnection_response(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         if (
             channel := self.find_channel(connection.handle, response.source_cid)
         ) is None:
@@ -1714,7 +1786,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_disconnection_response(response)
 
-    def on_l2cap_echo_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_echo_request(self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request) -> None:
         logger.debug(f'<<< Echo request: data={request.data.hex()}')
         self.send_control_frame(
             connection,
@@ -1722,11 +1794,15 @@ class ChannelManager:
             L2CAP_Echo_Response(identifier=request.identifier, data=request.data),
         )
 
-    def on_l2cap_echo_response(self, _connection, _cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_echo_response(
+        self, _connection: Connection, _cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         logger.debug(f'<<< Echo response: data={response.data.hex()}')
         # TODO notify listeners
 
-    def on_l2cap_information_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_information_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ) -> None:
         if request.info_type == L2CAP_Information_Request.CONNECTIONLESS_MTU:
             result = L2CAP_Information_Response.SUCCESS
             data = self.connectionless_mtu.to_bytes(2, 'little')
@@ -1750,7 +1826,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
             ),
         )
 
-    def on_l2cap_connection_parameter_update_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_connection_parameter_update_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ):
         if connection.role == BT_CENTRAL_ROLE:
             self.send_control_frame(
                 connection,
@@ -1769,7 +1847,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
                     supervision_timeout=request.timeout,
                     min_ce_length=0,
                     max_ce_length=0,
-                )
+                )  # type: ignore[call-arg]
             )
         else:
             self.send_control_frame(
@@ -1781,11 +1859,15 @@ class ChannelManager:
                 ),
             )
 
-    def on_l2cap_connection_parameter_update_response(self, connection, cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_connection_parameter_update_response(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         # TODO: check response
         pass
 
-    def on_l2cap_le_credit_based_connection_request(self, connection, cid, request):
+    def on_l2cap_le_credit_based_connection_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, cid: int, request
+    ) -> None:
         if request.le_psm in self.le_coc_servers:
             (server, max_credits, mtu, mps) = self.le_coc_servers[request.le_psm]
 
@@ -1887,7 +1969,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
                 ),
             )
 
-    def on_l2cap_le_credit_based_connection_response(self, connection, _cid, response):
+    def on_l2cap_le_credit_based_connection_response(
+        self, connection: Connection, _cid: int, response
+    ) -> None:
         # Find the pending request by identifier
         request = self.le_coc_requests.get(response.identifier)
         if request is None:
@@ -1910,7 +1994,9 @@ class ChannelManager:
         # Process the response
         channel.on_connection_response(response)
 
-    def on_l2cap_le_flow_control_credit(self, connection, _cid, credit):
+    def on_l2cap_le_flow_control_credit(
+        self, connection: Connection, _cid: int, credit
+    ) -> None:
         channel = self.find_le_coc_channel(connection.handle, credit.cid)
         if channel is None:
             logger.warning(f'received credits for an unknown channel (cid={credit.cid}')
@@ -1918,13 +2004,15 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         channel.on_credits(credit.credits)
 
-    def on_channel_closed(self, channel):
+    def on_channel_closed(self, channel: Channel) -> None:
         connection_channels = self.channels.get(channel.connection.handle)
         if connection_channels:
             if channel.source_cid in connection_channels:
                 del connection_channels[channel.source_cid]
 
-    async def open_le_coc(self, connection, psm, max_credits, mtu, mps):
+    async def open_le_coc(
+        self, connection: Connection, psm: int, max_credits: int, mtu: int, mps: int
+    ) -> LeConnectionOrientedChannel:
         self.check_le_coc_parameters(max_credits, mtu, mps)
 
         # Find a free CID for the new channel
@@ -1965,7 +2053,7 @@ class ChannelManager:
 
         return channel
 
-    async def connect(self, connection, psm):
+    async def connect(self, connection: Connection, psm: int) -> Channel:
         # NOTE: this implementation hard-codes BR/EDR
 
         # Find a free CID for a new channel

bumble/smp.py

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 import asyncio
+import enum
 import secrets
 from typing import (
     TYPE_CHECKING,
@@ -553,20 +554,16 @@ class AddressResolver:
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class Session:
+class PairingMethod(enum.IntEnum):
-    # Pairing methods
     JUST_WORKS = 0
     NUMERIC_COMPARISON = 1
     PASSKEY = 2
     OOB = 3
+    CTKD_OVER_CLASSIC = 4
 
-    PAIRING_METHOD_NAMES = {
-        JUST_WORKS: 'JUST_WORKS',
-        NUMERIC_COMPARISON: 'NUMERIC_COMPARISON',
-        PASSKEY: 'PASSKEY',
-        OOB: 'OOB',
-    }
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class Session:
     # I/O Capability to pairing method decision matrix
     #
     # See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, part H - Table 2.8: Mapping of IO Capabilities to Key
@@ -581,47 +578,50 @@ class Session:
     # (False).
     PAIRING_METHODS = {
         SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: {
-            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, True, False),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
-            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, True, False),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
         },
         SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: {
-            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: (JUST_WORKS, NUMERIC_COMPARISON),
+            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: (
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, True, False),
+                PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+            ),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
+            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
             SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (
-                (PASSKEY, True, False),
+                (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
-                NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
             ),
         },
         SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: {
-            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, False, True),
+            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, True),
-            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, False, True),
+            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, True),
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, False, False),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, False),
-            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, False, True),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, True),
         },
         SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: {
-            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
         },
         SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: {
-            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, False, True),
+            SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, True),
             SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY: (
-                (PASSKEY, False, True),
+                (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, False, True),
-                NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
             ),
-            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PASSKEY, True, False),
+            SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY: (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
-            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: JUST_WORKS,
+            SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY: PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
             SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY: (
-                (PASSKEY, True, False),
+                (PairingMethod.PASSKEY, True, False),
-                NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
             ),
         },
     }
@@ -664,7 +664,7 @@ class Session:
         self.passkey_ready = asyncio.Event()
         self.passkey_step = 0
         self.passkey_display = False
-        self.pairing_method = 0
+        self.pairing_method: PairingMethod = PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS
         self.pairing_config = pairing_config
         self.wait_before_continuing: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None
         self.completed = False
@@ -769,19 +769,23 @@ class Session:
     def decide_pairing_method(
         self, auth_req: int, initiator_io_capability: int, responder_io_capability: int
     ) -> None:
+        if self.connection.transport == BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT:
+            self.pairing_method = PairingMethod.CTKD_OVER_CLASSIC
+            return
         if (not self.mitm) and (auth_req & SMP_MITM_AUTHREQ == 0):
-            self.pairing_method = self.JUST_WORKS
+            self.pairing_method = PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS
             return
 
         details = self.PAIRING_METHODS[initiator_io_capability][responder_io_capability]  # type: ignore[index]
         if isinstance(details, tuple) and len(details) == 2:
             # One entry for legacy pairing and one for secure connections
             details = details[1 if self.sc else 0]
-        if isinstance(details, int):
+        if isinstance(details, PairingMethod):
             # Just a method ID
             self.pairing_method = details
         else:
             # PASSKEY method, with a method ID and display/input flags
+            assert isinstance(details[0], PairingMethod)
             self.pairing_method = details[0]
             self.passkey_display = details[1 if self.is_initiator else 2]
 
@@ -932,9 +936,12 @@ class Session:
         if self.sc:
 
             async def next_steps() -> None:
-                if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+                if self.pairing_method in (
+                    PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+                    PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+                ):
                     z = 0
-                elif self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+                elif self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                     # We need a passkey
                     await self.passkey_ready.wait()
                     assert self.passkey
@@ -1227,7 +1234,7 @@ class Session:
         # Create an object to hold the keys
         keys = PairingKeys()
         keys.address_type = peer_address.address_type
-        authenticated = self.pairing_method != self.JUST_WORKS
+        authenticated = self.pairing_method != PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS
         if self.sc or self.connection.transport == BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT:
             keys.ltk = PairingKeys.Key(value=self.ltk, authenticated=authenticated)
         else:
@@ -1330,9 +1337,7 @@ class Session:
         self.decide_pairing_method(
             command.auth_req, command.io_capability, self.io_capability
         )
-        logger.debug(
+        logger.debug(f'pairing method: {self.pairing_method.name}')
-            f'pairing method: {self.PAIRING_METHOD_NAMES[self.pairing_method]}'
-        )
 
         # Key distribution
         (
@@ -1348,7 +1353,7 @@ class Session:
 
         # Display a passkey if we need to
         if not self.sc:
-            if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY and self.passkey_display:
+            if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY and self.passkey_display:
                 self.display_passkey()
 
         # Respond
@@ -1389,9 +1394,7 @@ class Session:
         self.decide_pairing_method(
             command.auth_req, self.io_capability, command.io_capability
         )
-        logger.debug(
+        logger.debug(f'pairing method: {self.pairing_method.name}')
-            f'pairing method: {self.PAIRING_METHOD_NAMES[self.pairing_method]}'
-        )
 
         # Key distribution
         if (
@@ -1407,13 +1410,16 @@ class Session:
         self.compute_peer_expected_distributions(self.responder_key_distribution)
 
         # Start phase 2
-        if self.sc:
+        if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.CTKD_OVER_CLASSIC:
-            if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+            # Authentication is already done in SMP, so remote shall start keys distribution immediately
+            return
+        elif self.sc:
+            if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                 self.display_or_input_passkey()
 
             self.send_public_key_command()
         else:
-            if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+            if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                 self.display_or_input_passkey(self.send_pairing_confirm_command)
             else:
                 self.send_pairing_confirm_command()
@@ -1425,7 +1431,10 @@ class Session:
             self.send_pairing_random_command()
         else:
             # If the method is PASSKEY, now is the time to input the code
-            if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY and not self.passkey_display:
+            if (
+                self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY
+                and not self.passkey_display
+            ):
                 self.input_passkey(self.send_pairing_confirm_command)
             else:
                 self.send_pairing_confirm_command()
@@ -1433,11 +1442,14 @@ class Session:
     def on_smp_pairing_confirm_command_secure_connections(
         self, _: SMP_Pairing_Confirm_Command
     ) -> None:
-        if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+        if self.pairing_method in (
+            PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+            PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+        ):
             if self.is_initiator:
                 self.r = crypto.r()
                 self.send_pairing_random_command()
-        elif self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+        elif self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
             if self.is_initiator:
                 self.send_pairing_random_command()
             else:
@@ -1493,13 +1505,16 @@ class Session:
     def on_smp_pairing_random_command_secure_connections(
         self, command: SMP_Pairing_Random_Command
     ) -> None:
-        if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY and self.passkey is None:
+        if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY and self.passkey is None:
             logger.warning('no passkey entered, ignoring command')
             return
 
         # pylint: disable=too-many-return-statements
         if self.is_initiator:
-            if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+            if self.pairing_method in (
+                PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+            ):
                 assert self.confirm_value
                 # Check that the random value matches what was committed to earlier
                 confirm_verifier = crypto.f4(
@@ -1509,7 +1524,7 @@ class Session:
                     self.confirm_value, confirm_verifier, SMP_CONFIRM_VALUE_FAILED_ERROR
                 ):
                     return
-            elif self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+            elif self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                 assert self.passkey and self.confirm_value
                 # Check that the random value matches what was committed to earlier
                 confirm_verifier = crypto.f4(
@@ -1532,9 +1547,12 @@ class Session:
             else:
                 return
         else:
-            if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+            if self.pairing_method in (
+                PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+            ):
                 self.send_pairing_random_command()
-            elif self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+            elif self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                 assert self.passkey and self.confirm_value
                 # Check that the random value matches what was committed to earlier
                 confirm_verifier = crypto.f4(
@@ -1565,10 +1583,13 @@ class Session:
         (mac_key, self.ltk) = crypto.f5(self.dh_key, self.na, self.nb, a, b)
 
         # Compute the DH Key checks
-        if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+        if self.pairing_method in (
+            PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+            PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+        ):
             ra = bytes(16)
             rb = ra
-        elif self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+        elif self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
             assert self.passkey
             ra = self.passkey.to_bytes(16, byteorder='little')
             rb = ra
@@ -1592,13 +1613,16 @@ class Session:
                     self.wait_before_continuing.set_result(None)
 
         # Prompt the user for confirmation if needed
-        if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+        if self.pairing_method in (
+            PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+            PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+        ):
             # Compute the 6-digit code
             code = crypto.g2(self.pka, self.pkb, self.na, self.nb) % 1000000
 
             # Ask for user confirmation
             self.wait_before_continuing = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
-            if self.pairing_method == self.JUST_WORKS:
+            if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS:
                 self.prompt_user_for_confirmation(next_steps)
             else:
                 self.prompt_user_for_numeric_comparison(code, next_steps)
@@ -1635,13 +1659,16 @@ class Session:
         if self.is_initiator:
             self.send_pairing_confirm_command()
         else:
-            if self.pairing_method == self.PASSKEY:
+            if self.pairing_method == PairingMethod.PASSKEY:
                 self.display_or_input_passkey()
 
             # Send our public key back to the initiator
             self.send_public_key_command()
 
-            if self.pairing_method in (self.JUST_WORKS, self.NUMERIC_COMPARISON):
+            if self.pairing_method in (
+                PairingMethod.JUST_WORKS,
+                PairingMethod.NUMERIC_COMPARISON,
+            ):
                 # We can now send the confirmation value
                 self.send_pairing_confirm_command()
 

rust/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/target
+/.idea

rust/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+[package]
+name = "bumble"
+description = "Rust API for the Bumble Bluetooth stack"
+version = "0.1.0"
+edition = "2021"
+license = "Apache-2.0"
+homepage = "https://google.github.io/bumble/index.html"
+repository = "https://github.com/google/bumble"
+documentation = "https://docs.rs/crate/bumble"
+authors = ["Marshall Pierce <marshallpierce@google.com>"]
+keywords = ["bluetooth", "ble"]
+categories = ["api-bindings", "network-programming"]
+rust-version = "1.69.0"
+
+[dependencies]
+pyo3 = { version = "0.18.3", features = ["macros"] }
+pyo3-asyncio = { version = "0.18.0", features = ["tokio-runtime"] }
+tokio = { version = "1.28.2" }
+nom = "7.1.3"
+strum = "0.25.0"
+strum_macros = "0.25.0"
+hex = "0.4.3"
+itertools = "0.11.0"
+lazy_static = "1.4.0"
+thiserror = "1.0.41"
+
+[dev-dependencies]
+tokio = { version = "1.28.2", features = ["full"] }
+tempfile = "3.6.0"
+nix = "0.26.2"
+anyhow = "1.0.71"
+pyo3 = { version = "0.18.3", features = ["macros", "anyhow"] }
+pyo3-asyncio = { version = "0.18.0", features = ["tokio-runtime", "attributes", "testing"] }
+clap = { version = "4.3.3", features = ["derive"] }
+owo-colors = "3.5.0"
+log = "0.4.19"
+env_logger = "0.10.0"
+rusb = "0.9.2"
+rand = "0.8.5"
+
+# test entry point that uses pyo3_asyncio's test harness
+[[test]]
+name = "pytests"
+path = "pytests/pytests.rs"
+harness = false
+
+[features]
+anyhow = ["pyo3/anyhow"]
+pyo3-asyncio-attributes = ["pyo3-asyncio/attributes"]

rust/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# What is this?
+
+Rust wrappers around the [Bumble](https://github.com/google/bumble) Python API.
+
+Method calls are mapped to the equivalent Python, and return types adapted where
+relevant.
+
+See the `examples` directory for usage.
+
+# Usage
+
+Set up a virtualenv for Bumble, or otherwise have an isolated Python environment
+for Bumble and its dependencies.
+
+Due to Python being
+[picky about how its sys path is set up](https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/issues/1741,
+it's necessary to explicitly point to the virtualenv's `site-packages`. Use
+suitable virtualenv paths as appropriate for your OS, as seen here running
+the `battery_client` example:
+
+```
+PYTHONPATH=..:~/.virtualenvs/bumble/lib/python3.10/site-packages/ \
+    cargo run --example battery_client -- \
+    --transport android-netsim --target-addr F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5
+```
+
+Run the corresponding `battery_server` Python example, and launch an emulator in
+Android Studio (currently, Canary is required) to run netsim.
+
+# Development
+
+Run the tests:
+
+```
+PYTHONPATH=.. cargo test
+```
+
+Check lints:
+
+```
+cargo clippy --all-targets
+```

rust/examples/battery_client.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Counterpart to the Python example `battery_server.py`.
+//!
+//! Start an Android emulator from Android Studio, or otherwise have netsim running.
+//!
+//! Run the server from the project root:
+//! ```
+//! PYTHONPATH=. python examples/battery_server.py \
+//!     examples/device1.json android-netsim
+//! ```
+//!
+//! Then run this example from the `rust` directory:
+//!
+//! ```
+//! PYTHONPATH=..:/path/to/virtualenv/site-packages/ \
+//!     cargo run --example battery_client -- \
+//!     --transport android-netsim \
+//!     --target-addr F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5
+//! ```
+
+use bumble::wrapper::{
+    device::{Device, Peer},
+    profile::BatteryServiceProxy,
+    transport::Transport,
+    PyObjectExt,
+};
+use clap::Parser as _;
+use log::info;
+use owo_colors::OwoColorize;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
+    env_logger::builder()
+        .filter_level(log::LevelFilter::Info)
+        .init();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    let transport = Transport::open(cli.transport).await?;
+
+    let device = Device::with_hci(
+        "Bumble",
+        "F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5",
+        transport.source()?,
+        transport.sink()?,
+    )?;
+
+    device.power_on().await?;
+
+    let conn = device.connect(&cli.target_addr).await?;
+    let mut peer = Peer::new(conn)?;
+    for mut s in peer.discover_services().await? {
+        s.discover_characteristics().await?;
+    }
+    let battery_service = peer
+        .create_service_proxy::<BatteryServiceProxy>()?
+        .ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("No battery service found"))?;
+
+    let mut battery_level_char = battery_service
+        .battery_level()?
+        .ok_or(anyhow::anyhow!("No battery level characteristic"))?;
+    info!(
+        "{} {}",
+        "Initial Battery Level:".green(),
+        battery_level_char
+            .read_value()
+            .await?
+            .extract_with_gil::<u32>()?
+    );
+    battery_level_char
+        .subscribe(|_py, args| {
+            info!(
+                "{} {:?}",
+                "Battery level update:".green(),
+                args.get_item(0)?.extract::<u32>()?,
+            );
+            Ok(())
+        })
+        .await?;
+
+    // wait until user kills the process
+    tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await?;
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Bumble transport spec.
+    ///
+    /// <https://google.github.io/bumble/transports/index.html>
+    #[arg(long)]
+    transport: String,
+
+    /// Address to connect to
+    #[arg(long)]
+    target_addr: String,
+}

rust/examples/broadcast.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use anyhow::anyhow;
+use bumble::{
+    adv::{AdvertisementDataBuilder, CommonDataType},
+    wrapper::{
+        device::Device,
+        logging::{bumble_env_logging_level, py_logging_basic_config},
+        transport::Transport,
+    },
+};
+use clap::Parser as _;
+use pyo3::PyResult;
+use rand::Rng;
+use std::path;
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
+    env_logger::builder()
+        .filter_level(log::LevelFilter::Info)
+        .init();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    if cli.log_hci {
+        py_logging_basic_config(bumble_env_logging_level("DEBUG"))?;
+    }
+
+    let transport = Transport::open(cli.transport).await?;
+
+    let mut device = Device::from_config_file_with_hci(
+        &cli.device_config,
+        transport.source()?,
+        transport.sink()?,
+    )?;
+
+    let mut adv_data = AdvertisementDataBuilder::new();
+
+    adv_data
+        .append(
+            CommonDataType::CompleteLocalName,
+            "Bumble from Rust".as_bytes(),
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+
+    // Randomized TX power
+    adv_data
+        .append(
+            CommonDataType::TxPowerLevel,
+            &[rand::thread_rng().gen_range(-100_i8..=20) as u8],
+        )
+        .map_err(|e| anyhow!(e))?;
+
+    device.set_advertising_data(adv_data)?;
+    device.power_on().await?;
+
+    println!("Advertising...");
+    device.start_advertising(true).await?;
+
+    // wait until user kills the process
+    tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await?;
+
+    println!("Stopping...");
+    device.stop_advertising().await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Bumble device config.
+    ///
+    /// See, for instance, `examples/device1.json` in the Python project.
+    #[arg(long)]
+    device_config: path::PathBuf,
+    /// Bumble transport spec.
+    ///
+    /// <https://google.github.io/bumble/transports/index.html>
+    #[arg(long)]
+    transport: String,
+
+    /// Log HCI commands
+    #[arg(long)]
+    log_hci: bool,
+}

rust/examples/scanner.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Counterpart to the Python example `run_scanner.py`.
+//!
+//! Device deduplication is done here rather than relying on the controller's filtering to provide
+//! for additional features, like the ability to make deduplication time-bounded.
+
+use bumble::{
+    adv::CommonDataType,
+    wrapper::{
+        core::AdvertisementDataUnit, device::Device, hci::AddressType, transport::Transport,
+    },
+};
+use clap::Parser as _;
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use owo_colors::{OwoColorize, Style};
+use pyo3::PyResult;
+use std::{
+    collections,
+    sync::{Arc, Mutex},
+    time,
+};
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> PyResult<()> {
+    env_logger::builder()
+        .filter_level(log::LevelFilter::Info)
+        .init();
+
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    let transport = Transport::open(cli.transport).await?;
+
+    let mut device = Device::with_hci(
+        "Bumble",
+        "F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5",
+        transport.source()?,
+        transport.sink()?,
+    )?;
+
+    // in practice, devices can send multiple advertisements from the same address, so we keep
+    // track of a timestamp for each set of data
+    let seen_advertisements = Arc::new(Mutex::new(collections::HashMap::<
+        Vec<u8>,
+        collections::HashMap<Vec<AdvertisementDataUnit>, time::Instant>,
+    >::new()));
+
+    let seen_adv_clone = seen_advertisements.clone();
+    device.on_advertisement(move |_py, adv| {
+        let rssi = adv.rssi()?;
+        let data_units = adv.data()?.data_units()?;
+        let addr = adv.address()?;
+
+        let show_adv = if cli.filter_duplicates {
+            let addr_bytes = addr.as_le_bytes()?;
+
+            let mut seen_adv_cache = seen_adv_clone.lock().unwrap();
+            let expiry_duration = time::Duration::from_secs(cli.dedup_expiry_secs);
+
+            let advs_from_addr = seen_adv_cache
+                .entry(addr_bytes)
+                .or_insert_with(collections::HashMap::new);
+            // we expect cache hits to be the norm, so we do a separate lookup to avoid cloning
+            // on every lookup with entry()
+            let show = if let Some(prev) = advs_from_addr.get_mut(&data_units) {
+                let expired = prev.elapsed() > expiry_duration;
+                *prev = time::Instant::now();
+                expired
+            } else {
+                advs_from_addr.insert(data_units.clone(), time::Instant::now());
+                true
+            };
+
+            // clean out anything we haven't seen in a while
+            advs_from_addr.retain(|_, instant| instant.elapsed() <= expiry_duration);
+
+            show
+        } else {
+            true
+        };
+
+        if !show_adv {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+
+        let addr_style = if adv.is_connectable()? {
+            Style::new().yellow()
+        } else {
+            Style::new().red()
+        };
+
+        let (type_style, qualifier) = match adv.address()?.address_type()? {
+            AddressType::PublicIdentity | AddressType::PublicDevice => (Style::new().cyan(), ""),
+            _ => {
+                if addr.is_static()? {
+                    (Style::new().green(), "(static)")
+                } else if addr.is_resolvable()? {
+                    (Style::new().magenta(), "(resolvable)")
+                } else {
+                    (Style::new().default_color(), "")
+                }
+            }
+        };
+
+        println!(
+            ">>> {} [{:?}] {qualifier}:\n  RSSI: {}",
+            addr.as_hex()?.style(addr_style),
+            addr.address_type()?.style(type_style),
+            rssi,
+        );
+
+        data_units.into_iter().for_each(|(code, data)| {
+            let matching = CommonDataType::for_type_code(code).collect::<Vec<_>>();
+            let code_str = if matching.is_empty() {
+                format!("0x{}", hex::encode_upper([code.into()]))
+            } else {
+                matching
+                    .iter()
+                    .map(|t| format!("{}", t))
+                    .join(" / ")
+                    .blue()
+                    .to_string()
+            };
+
+            // use the first matching type's formatted data, if any
+            let data_str = matching
+                .iter()
+                .filter_map(|t| {
+                    t.format_data(&data).map(|formatted| {
+                        format!(
+                            "{} {}",
+                            formatted,
+                            format!("(raw: 0x{})", hex::encode_upper(&data)).dimmed()
+                        )
+                    })
+                })
+                .next()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("0x{}", hex::encode_upper(&data)));
+
+            println!("  [{}]: {}", code_str, data_str)
+        });
+
+        Ok(())
+    })?;
+
+    device.power_on().await?;
+    // do our own dedup
+    device.start_scanning(false).await?;
+
+    // wait until user kills the process
+    tokio::signal::ctrl_c().await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Bumble transport spec.
+    ///
+    /// <https://google.github.io/bumble/transports/index.html>
+    #[arg(long)]
+    transport: String,
+
+    /// Filter duplicate advertisements
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
+    filter_duplicates: bool,
+
+    /// How long before a deduplicated advertisement that hasn't been seen in a while is considered
+    /// fresh again, in seconds
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = 10, requires = "filter_duplicates")]
+    dedup_expiry_secs: u64,
+}

rust/examples/usb_probe.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,342 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Rust version of the Python `usb_probe.py`.
+//!
+//! This tool lists all the USB devices, with details about each device.
+//! For each device, the different possible Bumble transport strings that can
+//! refer to it are listed. If the device is known to be a Bluetooth HCI device,
+//! its identifier is printed in reverse colors, and the transport names in cyan color.
+//! For other devices, regardless of their type, the transport names are printed
+//! in red. Whether that device is actually a Bluetooth device or not depends on
+//! whether it is a Bluetooth device that uses a non-standard Class, or some other
+//! type of device (there's no way to tell).
+
+use clap::Parser as _;
+use itertools::Itertools as _;
+use owo_colors::{OwoColorize, Style};
+use rusb::{Device, DeviceDescriptor, Direction, TransferType, UsbContext};
+use std::{
+    collections::{HashMap, HashSet},
+    time::Duration,
+};
+
+const USB_DEVICE_CLASS_DEVICE: u8 = 0x00;
+const USB_DEVICE_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER: u8 = 0xE0;
+const USB_DEVICE_SUBCLASS_RF_CONTROLLER: u8 = 0x01;
+const USB_DEVICE_PROTOCOL_BLUETOOTH_PRIMARY_CONTROLLER: u8 = 0x01;
+
+fn main() -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    let cli = Cli::parse();
+
+    let mut bt_dev_count = 0;
+    let mut device_serials_by_id: HashMap<(u16, u16), HashSet<String>> = HashMap::new();
+    for device in rusb::devices()?.iter() {
+        let device_desc = device.device_descriptor().unwrap();
+
+        let class_info = ClassInfo::from(&device_desc);
+        let handle = device.open()?;
+        let timeout = Duration::from_secs(1);
+        // some devices don't have languages
+        let lang = handle
+            .read_languages(timeout)
+            .ok()
+            .and_then(|langs| langs.into_iter().next());
+        let serial = lang.and_then(|l| {
+            handle
+                .read_serial_number_string(l, &device_desc, timeout)
+                .ok()
+        });
+        let mfg = lang.and_then(|l| {
+            handle
+                .read_manufacturer_string(l, &device_desc, timeout)
+                .ok()
+        });
+        let product = lang.and_then(|l| handle.read_product_string(l, &device_desc, timeout).ok());
+
+        let is_hci = is_bluetooth_hci(&device, &device_desc)?;
+        let addr_style = if is_hci {
+            bt_dev_count += 1;
+            Style::new().black().on_yellow()
+        } else {
+            Style::new().yellow().on_black()
+        };
+
+        let mut transport_names = Vec::new();
+        let basic_transport_name = format!(
+            "usb:{:04X}:{:04X}",
+            device_desc.vendor_id(),
+            device_desc.product_id()
+        );
+
+        if is_hci {
+            transport_names.push(format!("usb:{}", bt_dev_count - 1));
+        }
+
+        let device_id = (device_desc.vendor_id(), device_desc.product_id());
+        if !device_serials_by_id.contains_key(&device_id) {
+            transport_names.push(basic_transport_name.clone());
+        } else {
+            transport_names.push(format!(
+                "{}#{}",
+                basic_transport_name,
+                device_serials_by_id
+                    .get(&device_id)
+                    .map(|serials| serials.len())
+                    .unwrap_or(0)
+            ))
+        }
+
+        if let Some(s) = &serial {
+            if !device_serials_by_id
+                .get(&device_id)
+                .map(|serials| serials.contains(s))
+                .unwrap_or(false)
+            {
+                transport_names.push(format!("{}/{}", basic_transport_name, s))
+            }
+        }
+
+        println!(
+            "{}",
+            format!(
+                "ID {:04X}:{:04X}",
+                device_desc.vendor_id(),
+                device_desc.product_id()
+            )
+            .style(addr_style)
+        );
+        if !transport_names.is_empty() {
+            let style = if is_hci {
+                Style::new().cyan()
+            } else {
+                Style::new().red()
+            };
+            println!(
+                "{:26}{}",
+                "  Bumble Transport Names:".blue(),
+                transport_names.iter().map(|n| n.style(style)).join(" or ")
+            )
+        }
+        println!(
+            "{:26}{:03}/{:03}",
+            "  Bus/Device:".green(),
+            device.bus_number(),
+            device.address()
+        );
+        println!(
+            "{:26}{}",
+            "  Class:".green(),
+            class_info.formatted_class_name()
+        );
+        println!(
+            "{:26}{}",
+            "  Subclass/Protocol:".green(),
+            class_info.formatted_subclass_protocol()
+        );
+        if let Some(s) = serial {
+            println!("{:26}{}", "  Serial:".green(), s);
+            device_serials_by_id
+                .entry(device_id)
+                .or_insert(HashSet::new())
+                .insert(s);
+        }
+        if let Some(m) = mfg {
+            println!("{:26}{}", "  Manufacturer:".green(), m);
+        }
+        if let Some(p) = product {
+            println!("{:26}{}", "  Product:".green(), p);
+        }
+
+        if cli.verbose {
+            print_device_details(&device, &device_desc)?;
+        }
+
+        println!();
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+fn is_bluetooth_hci<T: UsbContext>(
+    device: &Device<T>,
+    device_desc: &DeviceDescriptor,
+) -> rusb::Result<bool> {
+    if device_desc.class_code() == USB_DEVICE_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER
+        && device_desc.sub_class_code() == USB_DEVICE_SUBCLASS_RF_CONTROLLER
+        && device_desc.protocol_code() == USB_DEVICE_PROTOCOL_BLUETOOTH_PRIMARY_CONTROLLER
+    {
+        Ok(true)
+    } else if device_desc.class_code() == USB_DEVICE_CLASS_DEVICE {
+        for i in 0..device_desc.num_configurations() {
+            for interface in device.config_descriptor(i)?.interfaces() {
+                for d in interface.descriptors() {
+                    if d.class_code() == USB_DEVICE_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER
+                        && d.sub_class_code() == USB_DEVICE_SUBCLASS_RF_CONTROLLER
+                        && d.protocol_code() == USB_DEVICE_PROTOCOL_BLUETOOTH_PRIMARY_CONTROLLER
+                    {
+                        return Ok(true);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Ok(false)
+    } else {
+        Ok(false)
+    }
+}
+
+fn print_device_details<T: UsbContext>(
+    device: &Device<T>,
+    device_desc: &DeviceDescriptor,
+) -> anyhow::Result<()> {
+    for i in 0..device_desc.num_configurations() {
+        println!("  Configuration {}", i + 1);
+        for interface in device.config_descriptor(i)?.interfaces() {
+            let interface_descriptors: Vec<_> = interface.descriptors().collect();
+            for d in &interface_descriptors {
+                let class_info =
+                    ClassInfo::new(d.class_code(), d.sub_class_code(), d.protocol_code());
+
+                println!(
+                    "      Interface: {}{} ({}, {})",
+                    interface.number(),
+                    if interface_descriptors.len() > 1 {
+                        format!("/{}", d.setting_number())
+                    } else {
+                        String::new()
+                    },
+                    class_info.formatted_class_name(),
+                    class_info.formatted_subclass_protocol()
+                );
+
+                for e in d.endpoint_descriptors() {
+                    println!(
+                        "        Endpoint {:#04X}: {} {}",
+                        e.address(),
+                        match e.transfer_type() {
+                            TransferType::Control => "CONTROL",
+                            TransferType::Isochronous => "ISOCHRONOUS",
+                            TransferType::Bulk => "BULK",
+                            TransferType::Interrupt => "INTERRUPT",
+                        },
+                        match e.direction() {
+                            Direction::In => "IN",
+                            Direction::Out => "OUT",
+                        }
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+struct ClassInfo {
+    class: u8,
+    sub_class: u8,
+    protocol: u8,
+}
+
+impl ClassInfo {
+    fn new(class: u8, sub_class: u8, protocol: u8) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            class,
+            sub_class,
+            protocol,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn class_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self.class {
+            0x00 => Some("Device"),
+            0x01 => Some("Audio"),
+            0x02 => Some("Communications and CDC Control"),
+            0x03 => Some("Human Interface Device"),
+            0x05 => Some("Physical"),
+            0x06 => Some("Still Imaging"),
+            0x07 => Some("Printer"),
+            0x08 => Some("Mass Storage"),
+            0x09 => Some("Hub"),
+            0x0A => Some("CDC Data"),
+            0x0B => Some("Smart Card"),
+            0x0D => Some("Content Security"),
+            0x0E => Some("Video"),
+            0x0F => Some("Personal Healthcare"),
+            0x10 => Some("Audio/Video"),
+            0x11 => Some("Billboard"),
+            0x12 => Some("USB Type-C Bridge"),
+            0x3C => Some("I3C"),
+            0xDC => Some("Diagnostic"),
+            USB_DEVICE_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER => Some("Wireless Controller"),
+            0xEF => Some("Miscellaneous"),
+            0xFE => Some("Application Specific"),
+            0xFF => Some("Vendor Specific"),
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn protocol_name(&self) -> Option<&str> {
+        match self.class {
+            USB_DEVICE_CLASS_WIRELESS_CONTROLLER => match self.sub_class {
+                0x01 => match self.protocol {
+                    0x01 => Some("Bluetooth"),
+                    0x02 => Some("UWB"),
+                    0x03 => Some("Remote NDIS"),
+                    0x04 => Some("Bluetooth AMP"),
+                    _ => None,
+                },
+                _ => None,
+            },
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn formatted_class_name(&self) -> String {
+        self.class_name()
+            .map(|s| s.to_string())
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{:#04X}", self.class))
+    }
+
+    fn formatted_subclass_protocol(&self) -> String {
+        format!(
+            "{}/{}{}",
+            self.sub_class,
+            self.protocol,
+            self.protocol_name()
+                .map(|s| format!(" [{}]", s))
+                .unwrap_or_else(String::new)
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<&DeviceDescriptor> for ClassInfo {
+    fn from(value: &DeviceDescriptor) -> Self {
+        Self::new(
+            value.class_code(),
+            value.sub_class_code(),
+            value.protocol_code(),
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(clap::Parser)]
+#[command(author, version, about, long_about = None)]
+struct Cli {
+    /// Show additional info for each USB device
+    #[arg(long, default_value_t = false)]
+    verbose: bool,
+}

rust/pytests/pytests.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::main]
+async fn main() -> pyo3::PyResult<()> {
+    pyo3_asyncio::testing::main().await
+}
+
+mod wrapper;

rust/pytests/wrapper.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+use bumble::{wrapper, wrapper::transport::Transport};
+use nix::sys::stat::Mode;
+use pyo3::prelude::*;
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::test]
+async fn fifo_transport_can_open() -> PyResult<()> {
+    let dir = tempfile::tempdir().unwrap();
+    let mut fifo = dir.path().to_path_buf();
+    fifo.push("bumble-transport-fifo");
+    nix::unistd::mkfifo(&fifo, Mode::S_IRWXU).unwrap();
+
+    let mut t = Transport::open(format!("file:{}", fifo.to_str().unwrap())).await?;
+
+    t.close().await?;
+
+    Ok(())
+}
+
+#[pyo3_asyncio::tokio::test]
+async fn company_ids() -> PyResult<()> {
+    assert!(wrapper::assigned_numbers::COMPANY_IDS.len() > 2000);
+    Ok(())
+}

rust/src/adv.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,446 @@
+//! BLE advertisements.
+
+use crate::wrapper::assigned_numbers::{COMPANY_IDS, SERVICE_IDS};
+use crate::wrapper::core::{Uuid128, Uuid16, Uuid32};
+use itertools::Itertools;
+use nom::{combinator, multi, number};
+use std::fmt;
+use strum::IntoEnumIterator;
+
+/// The numeric code for a common data type.
+///
+/// For known types, see [CommonDataType], or use this type directly for non-assigned codes.
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug, Clone, Copy, Hash)]
+pub struct CommonDataTypeCode(u8);
+
+impl From<CommonDataType> for CommonDataTypeCode {
+    fn from(value: CommonDataType) -> Self {
+        let byte = match value {
+            CommonDataType::Flags => 0x01,
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids => 0x02,
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids => 0x03,
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids => 0x04,
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids => 0x05,
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids => 0x06,
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids => 0x07,
+            CommonDataType::ShortenedLocalName => 0x08,
+            CommonDataType::CompleteLocalName => 0x09,
+            CommonDataType::TxPowerLevel => 0x0A,
+            CommonDataType::ClassOfDevice => 0x0D,
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingHashC192 => 0x0E,
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingRandomizerR192 => 0x0F,
+            // These two both really have type code 0x10! D:
+            CommonDataType::DeviceId => 0x10,
+            CommonDataType::SecurityManagerTkValue => 0x10,
+            CommonDataType::SecurityManagerOutOfBandFlags => 0x11,
+            CommonDataType::PeripheralConnectionIntervalRange => 0x12,
+            CommonDataType::ListOf16BitServiceSolicitationUuids => 0x14,
+            CommonDataType::ListOf128BitServiceSolicitationUuids => 0x15,
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData16BitUuid => 0x16,
+            CommonDataType::PublicTargetAddress => 0x17,
+            CommonDataType::RandomTargetAddress => 0x18,
+            CommonDataType::Appearance => 0x19,
+            CommonDataType::AdvertisingInterval => 0x1A,
+            CommonDataType::LeBluetoothDeviceAddress => 0x1B,
+            CommonDataType::LeRole => 0x1C,
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingHashC256 => 0x1D,
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingRandomizerR256 => 0x1E,
+            CommonDataType::ListOf32BitServiceSolicitationUuids => 0x1F,
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData32BitUuid => 0x20,
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData128BitUuid => 0x21,
+            CommonDataType::LeSecureConnectionsConfirmationValue => 0x22,
+            CommonDataType::LeSecureConnectionsRandomValue => 0x23,
+            CommonDataType::Uri => 0x24,
+            CommonDataType::IndoorPositioning => 0x25,
+            CommonDataType::TransportDiscoveryData => 0x26,
+            CommonDataType::LeSupportedFeatures => 0x27,
+            CommonDataType::ChannelMapUpdateIndication => 0x28,
+            CommonDataType::PbAdv => 0x29,
+            CommonDataType::MeshMessage => 0x2A,
+            CommonDataType::MeshBeacon => 0x2B,
+            CommonDataType::BigInfo => 0x2C,
+            CommonDataType::BroadcastCode => 0x2D,
+            CommonDataType::ResolvableSetIdentifier => 0x2E,
+            CommonDataType::AdvertisingIntervalLong => 0x2F,
+            CommonDataType::ThreeDInformationData => 0x3D,
+            CommonDataType::ManufacturerSpecificData => 0xFF,
+        };
+
+        Self(byte)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<u8> for CommonDataTypeCode {
+    fn from(value: u8) -> Self {
+        Self(value)
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<CommonDataTypeCode> for u8 {
+    fn from(value: CommonDataTypeCode) -> Self {
+        value.0
+    }
+}
+
+/// Data types for assigned type codes.
+///
+/// See Bluetooth Assigned Numbers § 2.3
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, strum_macros::EnumIter)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+pub enum CommonDataType {
+    Flags,
+    IncompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids,
+    CompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids,
+    IncompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids,
+    CompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids,
+    IncompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids,
+    CompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids,
+    ShortenedLocalName,
+    CompleteLocalName,
+    TxPowerLevel,
+    ClassOfDevice,
+    SimplePairingHashC192,
+    SimplePairingRandomizerR192,
+    DeviceId,
+    SecurityManagerTkValue,
+    SecurityManagerOutOfBandFlags,
+    PeripheralConnectionIntervalRange,
+    ListOf16BitServiceSolicitationUuids,
+    ListOf128BitServiceSolicitationUuids,
+    ServiceData16BitUuid,
+    PublicTargetAddress,
+    RandomTargetAddress,
+    Appearance,
+    AdvertisingInterval,
+    LeBluetoothDeviceAddress,
+    LeRole,
+    SimplePairingHashC256,
+    SimplePairingRandomizerR256,
+    ListOf32BitServiceSolicitationUuids,
+    ServiceData32BitUuid,
+    ServiceData128BitUuid,
+    LeSecureConnectionsConfirmationValue,
+    LeSecureConnectionsRandomValue,
+    Uri,
+    IndoorPositioning,
+    TransportDiscoveryData,
+    LeSupportedFeatures,
+    ChannelMapUpdateIndication,
+    PbAdv,
+    MeshMessage,
+    MeshBeacon,
+    BigInfo,
+    BroadcastCode,
+    ResolvableSetIdentifier,
+    AdvertisingIntervalLong,
+    ThreeDInformationData,
+    ManufacturerSpecificData,
+}
+
+impl CommonDataType {
+    /// Iterate over the zero, one, or more matching types for the provided code.
+    ///
+    /// `0x10` maps to both Device Id and Security Manager TK Value, so multiple matching types
+    /// may exist for a single code.
+    pub fn for_type_code(code: CommonDataTypeCode) -> impl Iterator<Item = CommonDataType> {
+        Self::iter().filter(move |t| CommonDataTypeCode::from(*t) == code)
+    }
+
+    /// Apply type-specific human-oriented formatting to data, if any is applicable
+    pub fn format_data(&self, data: &[u8]) -> Option<String> {
+        match self {
+            Self::Flags => Some(Flags::matching(data).map(|f| format!("{:?}", f)).join(",")),
+            Self::CompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::IncompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::ListOf16BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                combinator::complete(multi::many0(Uuid16::parse_le))(data)
+                    .map(|(_res, uuids)| {
+                        uuids
+                            .into_iter()
+                            .map(|uuid| {
+                                SERVICE_IDS
+                                    .get(&uuid)
+                                    .map(|name| format!("{:?} ({name})", uuid))
+                                    .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{:?}", uuid))
+                            })
+                            .join(", ")
+                    })
+                    .ok()
+            }
+            Self::CompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::IncompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::ListOf32BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                combinator::complete(multi::many0(Uuid32::parse))(data)
+                    .map(|(_res, uuids)| uuids.into_iter().map(|u| format!("{:?}", u)).join(", "))
+                    .ok()
+            }
+            Self::CompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::IncompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids
+            | Self::ListOf128BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                combinator::complete(multi::many0(Uuid128::parse_le))(data)
+                    .map(|(_res, uuids)| uuids.into_iter().map(|u| format!("{:?}", u)).join(", "))
+                    .ok()
+            }
+            Self::ServiceData16BitUuid => Uuid16::parse_le(data)
+                .map(|(rem, uuid)| {
+                    format!(
+                        "service={:?}, data={}",
+                        SERVICE_IDS
+                            .get(&uuid)
+                            .map(|name| format!("{:?} ({name})", uuid))
+                            .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{:?}", uuid)),
+                        hex::encode_upper(rem)
+                    )
+                })
+                .ok(),
+            Self::ServiceData32BitUuid => Uuid32::parse(data)
+                .map(|(rem, uuid)| format!("service={:?}, data={}", uuid, hex::encode_upper(rem)))
+                .ok(),
+            Self::ServiceData128BitUuid => Uuid128::parse_le(data)
+                .map(|(rem, uuid)| format!("service={:?}, data={}", uuid, hex::encode_upper(rem)))
+                .ok(),
+            Self::ShortenedLocalName | Self::CompleteLocalName => {
+                std::str::from_utf8(data).ok().map(|s| format!("\"{}\"", s))
+            }
+            Self::TxPowerLevel => {
+                let (_, tx) =
+                    combinator::complete(number::complete::i8::<_, nom::error::Error<_>>)(data)
+                        .ok()?;
+
+                Some(tx.to_string())
+            }
+            Self::ManufacturerSpecificData => {
+                let (rem, id) = Uuid16::parse_le(data).ok()?;
+                Some(format!(
+                    "company={}, data=0x{}",
+                    COMPANY_IDS
+                        .get(&id)
+                        .map(|s| s.to_string())
+                        .unwrap_or_else(|| format!("{:?}", id)),
+                    hex::encode_upper(rem)
+                ))
+            }
+            _ => None,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Display for CommonDataType {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        match self {
+            CommonDataType::Flags => write!(f, "Flags"),
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Incomplete List of 16-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf16BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Complete List of 16-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Incomplete List of 32-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf32BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Complete List of 32-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ListOf16BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                write!(f, "List of 16-bit Service Solicitation UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ListOf32BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                write!(f, "List of 32-bit Service Solicitation UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ListOf128BitServiceSolicitationUuids => {
+                write!(f, "List of 128-bit Service Solicitation UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::IncompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Incomplete List of 128-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::CompleteListOf128BitServiceClassUuids => {
+                write!(f, "Complete List of 128-bit Service Class UUIDs")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ShortenedLocalName => write!(f, "Shortened Local Name"),
+            CommonDataType::CompleteLocalName => write!(f, "Complete Local Name"),
+            CommonDataType::TxPowerLevel => write!(f, "TX Power Level"),
+            CommonDataType::ClassOfDevice => write!(f, "Class of Device"),
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingHashC192 => {
+                write!(f, "Simple Pairing Hash C-192")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingHashC256 => {
+                write!(f, "Simple Pairing Hash C 256")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingRandomizerR192 => {
+                write!(f, "Simple Pairing Randomizer R-192")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::SimplePairingRandomizerR256 => {
+                write!(f, "Simple Pairing Randomizer R 256")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::DeviceId => write!(f, "Device Id"),
+            CommonDataType::SecurityManagerTkValue => {
+                write!(f, "Security Manager TK Value")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::SecurityManagerOutOfBandFlags => {
+                write!(f, "Security Manager Out of Band Flags")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::PeripheralConnectionIntervalRange => {
+                write!(f, "Peripheral Connection Interval Range")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData16BitUuid => {
+                write!(f, "Service Data 16-bit UUID")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData32BitUuid => {
+                write!(f, "Service Data 32-bit UUID")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ServiceData128BitUuid => {
+                write!(f, "Service Data 128-bit UUID")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::PublicTargetAddress => write!(f, "Public Target Address"),
+            CommonDataType::RandomTargetAddress => write!(f, "Random Target Address"),
+            CommonDataType::Appearance => write!(f, "Appearance"),
+            CommonDataType::AdvertisingInterval => write!(f, "Advertising Interval"),
+            CommonDataType::LeBluetoothDeviceAddress => {
+                write!(f, "LE Bluetooth Device Address")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::LeRole => write!(f, "LE Role"),
+            CommonDataType::LeSecureConnectionsConfirmationValue => {
+                write!(f, "LE Secure Connections Confirmation Value")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::LeSecureConnectionsRandomValue => {
+                write!(f, "LE Secure Connections Random Value")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::LeSupportedFeatures => write!(f, "LE Supported Features"),
+            CommonDataType::Uri => write!(f, "URI"),
+            CommonDataType::IndoorPositioning => write!(f, "Indoor Positioning"),
+            CommonDataType::TransportDiscoveryData => {
+                write!(f, "Transport Discovery Data")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ChannelMapUpdateIndication => {
+                write!(f, "Channel Map Update Indication")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::PbAdv => write!(f, "PB-ADV"),
+            CommonDataType::MeshMessage => write!(f, "Mesh Message"),
+            CommonDataType::MeshBeacon => write!(f, "Mesh Beacon"),
+            CommonDataType::BigInfo => write!(f, "BIGIInfo"),
+            CommonDataType::BroadcastCode => write!(f, "Broadcast Code"),
+            CommonDataType::ResolvableSetIdentifier => {
+                write!(f, "Resolvable Set Identifier")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::AdvertisingIntervalLong => {
+                write!(f, "Advertising Interval Long")
+            }
+            CommonDataType::ThreeDInformationData => write!(f, "3D Information Data"),
+            CommonDataType::ManufacturerSpecificData => {
+                write!(f, "Manufacturer Specific Data")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/// Accumulates advertisement data to broadcast on a [crate::wrapper::device::Device].
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Default)]
+pub struct AdvertisementDataBuilder {
+    encoded_data: Vec<u8>,
+}
+
+impl AdvertisementDataBuilder {
+    /// Returns a new, empty instance.
+    pub fn new() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            encoded_data: Vec::new(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Append advertising data to the builder.
+    ///
+    /// Returns an error if the data cannot be appended.
+    pub fn append(
+        &mut self,
+        type_code: impl Into<CommonDataTypeCode>,
+        data: &[u8],
+    ) -> Result<(), AdvertisementDataBuilderError> {
+        self.encoded_data.push(
+            data.len()
+                .try_into()
+                .ok()
+                .and_then(|len: u8| len.checked_add(1))
+                .ok_or(AdvertisementDataBuilderError::DataTooLong)?,
+        );
+        self.encoded_data.push(type_code.into().0);
+        self.encoded_data.extend_from_slice(data);
+
+        Ok(())
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn into_bytes(self) -> Vec<u8> {
+        self.encoded_data
+    }
+}
+
+/// Errors that can occur when building advertisement data with [AdvertisementDataBuilder].
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, thiserror::Error)]
+pub enum AdvertisementDataBuilderError {
+    /// The provided adv data is too long to be encoded
+    #[error("Data too long")]
+    DataTooLong,
+}
+
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, strum_macros::EnumIter)]
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+/// Features in the Flags AD
+pub enum Flags {
+    LeLimited,
+    LeDiscoverable,
+    NoBrEdr,
+    BrEdrController,
+    BrEdrHost,
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Flags {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.short_name())
+    }
+}
+
+impl Flags {
+    /// Iterates over the flags that are present in the provided `flags` bytes.
+    pub fn matching(flags: &[u8]) -> impl Iterator<Item = Self> + '_ {
+        // The encoding is not clear from the spec: do we look at the first byte? or the last?
+        // In practice it's only one byte.
+        let first_byte = flags.first().unwrap_or(&0_u8);
+
+        Self::iter().filter(move |f| {
+            let mask = match f {
+                Flags::LeLimited => 0x01_u8,
+                Flags::LeDiscoverable => 0x02,
+                Flags::NoBrEdr => 0x04,
+                Flags::BrEdrController => 0x08,
+                Flags::BrEdrHost => 0x10,
+            };
+
+            mask & first_byte > 0
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// An abbreviated form of the flag name.
+    ///
+    /// See [Flags::name] for the full name.
+    pub fn short_name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Flags::LeLimited => "LE Limited",
+            Flags::LeDiscoverable => "LE General",
+            Flags::NoBrEdr => "No BR/EDR",
+            Flags::BrEdrController => "BR/EDR C",
+            Flags::BrEdrHost => "BR/EDR H",
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// The human-readable name of the flag.
+    ///
+    /// See [Flags::short_name] for a shorter string for use if compactness is important.
+    pub fn name(&self) -> &'static str {
+        match self {
+            Flags::LeLimited => "LE Limited Discoverable Mode",
+            Flags::LeDiscoverable => "LE General Discoverable Mode",
+            Flags::NoBrEdr => "BR/EDR Not Supported",
+            Flags::BrEdrController => "Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR (Controller)",
+            Flags::BrEdrHost => "Simultaneous LE and BR/EDR (Host)",
+        }
+    }
+}

rust/src/lib.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Rust API for [Bumble](https://github.com/google/bumble).
+//!
+//! Bumble is a userspace Bluetooth stack that works with more or less anything that uses HCI. This
+//! could be physical Bluetooth USB dongles, netsim, HCI proxied over a network from some device
+//! elsewhere, etc.
+//!
+//! It also does not restrict what you can do with Bluetooth the way that OS Bluetooth APIs
+//! typically do, making it good for prototyping, experimentation, test tools, etc.
+//!
+//! Bumble is primarily written in Python. Rust types that wrap the Python API, which is currently
+//! the bulk of the code, are in the [wrapper] module.
+
+#![deny(missing_docs, unsafe_code)]
+
+pub mod wrapper;
+
+pub mod adv;

rust/src/wrapper/assigned_numbers/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Assigned numbers from the Bluetooth spec.
+
+use crate::wrapper::core::Uuid16;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use pyo3::{
+    intern,
+    types::{PyDict, PyModule},
+    PyResult, Python,
+};
+use std::collections;
+
+mod services;
+
+pub use services::SERVICE_IDS;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// Assigned company IDs
+    pub static ref COMPANY_IDS: collections::HashMap<Uuid16, String> = load_company_ids()
+    .expect("Could not load company ids -- are Bumble's Python sources available?");
+
+}
+
+fn load_company_ids() -> PyResult<collections::HashMap<Uuid16, String>> {
+    // this takes about 4ms on a fast machine -- slower than constructing in rust, but not slow
+    // enough to worry about
+    Python::with_gil(|py| {
+        PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.company_ids"))?
+            .getattr(intern!(py, "COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS"))?
+            .downcast::<PyDict>()?
+            .into_iter()
+            .map(|(k, v)| {
+                Ok((
+                    Uuid16::from_be_bytes(k.extract::<u16>()?.to_be_bytes()),
+                    v.str()?.to_str()?.to_string(),
+                ))
+            })
+            .collect::<PyResult<collections::HashMap<_, _>>>()
+    })
+}

rust/src/wrapper/assigned_numbers/services.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Assigned service IDs
+
+use crate::wrapper::core::Uuid16;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use std::collections;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    /// Assigned service IDs
+    pub static ref SERVICE_IDS: collections::HashMap<Uuid16, &'static str> = [
+        (0x1800_u16, "Generic Access"),
+        (0x1801, "Generic Attribute"),
+        (0x1802, "Immediate Alert"),
+        (0x1803, "Link Loss"),
+        (0x1804, "TX Power"),
+        (0x1805, "Current Time"),
+        (0x1806, "Reference Time Update"),
+        (0x1807, "Next DST Change"),
+        (0x1808, "Glucose"),
+        (0x1809, "Health Thermometer"),
+        (0x180A, "Device Information"),
+        (0x180D, "Heart Rate"),
+        (0x180E, "Phone Alert Status"),
+        (0x180F, "Battery"),
+        (0x1810, "Blood Pressure"),
+        (0x1811, "Alert Notification"),
+        (0x1812, "Human Interface Device"),
+        (0x1813, "Scan Parameters"),
+        (0x1814, "Running Speed and Cadence"),
+        (0x1815, "Automation IO"),
+        (0x1816, "Cycling Speed and Cadence"),
+        (0x1818, "Cycling Power"),
+        (0x1819, "Location and Navigation"),
+        (0x181A, "Environmental Sensing"),
+        (0x181B, "Body Composition"),
+        (0x181C, "User Data"),
+        (0x181D, "Weight Scale"),
+        (0x181E, "Bond Management"),
+        (0x181F, "Continuous Glucose Monitoring"),
+        (0x1820, "Internet Protocol Support"),
+        (0x1821, "Indoor Positioning"),
+        (0x1822, "Pulse Oximeter"),
+        (0x1823, "HTTP Proxy"),
+        (0x1824, "Transport Discovery"),
+        (0x1825, "Object Transfer"),
+        (0x1826, "Fitness Machine"),
+        (0x1827, "Mesh Provisioning"),
+        (0x1828, "Mesh Proxy"),
+        (0x1829, "Reconnection Configuration"),
+        (0x183A, "Insulin Delivery"),
+        (0x183B, "Binary Sensor"),
+        (0x183C, "Emergency Configuration"),
+        (0x183E, "Physical Activity Monitor"),
+        (0x1843, "Audio Input Control"),
+        (0x1844, "Volume Control"),
+        (0x1845, "Volume Offset Control"),
+        (0x1846, "Coordinated Set Identification Service"),
+        (0x1847, "Device Time"),
+        (0x1848, "Media Control Service"),
+        (0x1849, "Generic Media Control Service"),
+        (0x184A, "Constant Tone Extension"),
+        (0x184B, "Telephone Bearer Service"),
+        (0x184C, "Generic Telephone Bearer Service"),
+        (0x184D, "Microphone Control"),
+    ]
+    .into_iter()
+    .map(|(num, name)| (Uuid16::from_le_bytes(num.to_le_bytes()), name))
+    .collect();
+}

rust/src/wrapper/core.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,196 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Core types
+
+use crate::adv::CommonDataTypeCode;
+use lazy_static::lazy_static;
+use nom::{bytes, combinator};
+use pyo3::{intern, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
+use std::fmt;
+
+lazy_static! {
+    static ref BASE_UUID: [u8; 16] = hex::decode("0000000000001000800000805F9B34FB")
+        .unwrap()
+        .try_into()
+        .unwrap();
+}
+
+/// A type code and data pair from an advertisement
+pub type AdvertisementDataUnit = (CommonDataTypeCode, Vec<u8>);
+
+/// Contents of an advertisement
+pub struct AdvertisingData(pub(crate) PyObject);
+
+impl AdvertisingData {
+    /// Data units in the advertisement contents
+    pub fn data_units(&self) -> PyResult<Vec<AdvertisementDataUnit>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            let list = self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "ad_structures"))?;
+
+            list.as_ref(py)
+                .iter()?
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|tuple| {
+                    let type_code = tuple
+                        .call_method1(intern!(py, "__getitem__"), (0,))?
+                        .extract::<u8>()?
+                        .into();
+                    let data = tuple
+                        .call_method1(intern!(py, "__getitem__"), (1,))?
+                        .extract::<Vec<u8>>()?;
+                    Ok((type_code, data))
+                })
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// 16-bit UUID
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Uuid16 {
+    /// Big-endian bytes
+    uuid: [u8; 2],
+}
+
+impl Uuid16 {
+    /// Construct a UUID from little-endian bytes
+    pub fn from_le_bytes(mut bytes: [u8; 2]) -> Self {
+        bytes.reverse();
+        Self::from_be_bytes(bytes)
+    }
+
+    /// Construct a UUID from big-endian bytes
+    pub fn from_be_bytes(bytes: [u8; 2]) -> Self {
+        Self { uuid: bytes }
+    }
+
+    /// The UUID in big-endian bytes form
+    pub fn as_be_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 2] {
+        self.uuid
+    }
+
+    /// The UUID in little-endian bytes form
+    pub fn as_le_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 2] {
+        let mut uuid = self.uuid;
+        uuid.reverse();
+        uuid
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn parse_le(input: &[u8]) -> nom::IResult<&[u8], Self> {
+        combinator::map_res(bytes::complete::take(2_usize), |b: &[u8]| {
+            b.try_into().map(|mut uuid: [u8; 2]| {
+                uuid.reverse();
+                Self { uuid }
+            })
+        })(input)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Uuid16 {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "UUID-16:{}", hex::encode_upper(self.uuid))
+    }
+}
+
+/// 32-bit UUID
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Uuid32 {
+    /// Big-endian bytes
+    uuid: [u8; 4],
+}
+
+impl Uuid32 {
+    /// The UUID in big-endian bytes form
+    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 4] {
+        self.uuid
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn parse(input: &[u8]) -> nom::IResult<&[u8], Self> {
+        combinator::map_res(bytes::complete::take(4_usize), |b: &[u8]| {
+            b.try_into().map(|mut uuid: [u8; 4]| {
+                uuid.reverse();
+                Self { uuid }
+            })
+        })(input)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Uuid32 {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(f, "UUID-32:{}", hex::encode_upper(self.uuid))
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Uuid16> for Uuid32 {
+    fn from(value: Uuid16) -> Self {
+        let mut uuid = [0; 4];
+        uuid[2..].copy_from_slice(&value.uuid);
+        Self { uuid }
+    }
+}
+
+/// 128-bit UUID
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Hash)]
+pub struct Uuid128 {
+    /// Big-endian bytes
+    uuid: [u8; 16],
+}
+
+impl Uuid128 {
+    /// The UUID in big-endian bytes form
+    pub fn as_bytes(&self) -> [u8; 16] {
+        self.uuid
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn parse_le(input: &[u8]) -> nom::IResult<&[u8], Self> {
+        combinator::map_res(bytes::complete::take(16_usize), |b: &[u8]| {
+            b.try_into().map(|mut uuid: [u8; 16]| {
+                uuid.reverse();
+                Self { uuid }
+            })
+        })(input)
+    }
+}
+
+impl fmt::Debug for Uuid128 {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
+        write!(
+            f,
+            "{}-{}-{}-{}-{}",
+            hex::encode_upper(&self.uuid[..4]),
+            hex::encode_upper(&self.uuid[4..6]),
+            hex::encode_upper(&self.uuid[6..8]),
+            hex::encode_upper(&self.uuid[8..10]),
+            hex::encode_upper(&self.uuid[10..])
+        )
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Uuid16> for Uuid128 {
+    fn from(value: Uuid16) -> Self {
+        let mut uuid = *BASE_UUID;
+        uuid[2..4].copy_from_slice(&value.uuid);
+        Self { uuid }
+    }
+}
+
+impl From<Uuid32> for Uuid128 {
+    fn from(value: Uuid32) -> Self {
+        let mut uuid = *BASE_UUID;
+        uuid[..4].copy_from_slice(&value.uuid);
+        Self { uuid }
+    }
+}

rust/src/wrapper/device.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Devices and connections to them
+
+use crate::{
+    adv::AdvertisementDataBuilder,
+    wrapper::{
+        core::AdvertisingData,
+        gatt_client::{ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy},
+        hci::Address,
+        transport::{Sink, Source},
+        ClosureCallback,
+    },
+};
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+use pyo3::{intern, types::PyModule, PyObject, PyResult, Python, ToPyObject};
+use std::path;
+
+/// A device that can send/receive HCI frames.
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Device(PyObject);
+
+impl Device {
+    /// Create a Device per the provided file configured to communicate with a controller through an HCI source/sink
+    pub fn from_config_file_with_hci(
+        device_config: &path::Path,
+        source: Source,
+        sink: Sink,
+    ) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.device"))?
+                .getattr(intern!(py, "Device"))?
+                .call_method1(
+                    intern!(py, "from_config_file_with_hci"),
+                    (device_config, source.0, sink.0),
+                )
+                .map(|any| Self(any.into()))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Create a Device configured to communicate with a controller through an HCI source/sink
+    pub fn with_hci(name: &str, address: &str, source: Source, sink: Sink) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.device"))?
+                .getattr(intern!(py, "Device"))?
+                .call_method1(intern!(py, "with_hci"), (name, address, source.0, sink.0))
+                .map(|any| Self(any.into()))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Turn the device on
+    pub async fn power_on(&self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "power_on"))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Connect to a peer
+    pub async fn connect(&self, peer_addr: &str) -> PyResult<Connection> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method1(py, intern!(py, "connect"), (peer_addr,))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(Connection)
+    }
+
+    /// Start scanning
+    pub async fn start_scanning(&self, filter_duplicates: bool) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            let kwargs = PyDict::new(py);
+            kwargs.set_item("filter_duplicates", filter_duplicates)?;
+            self.0
+                .call_method(py, intern!(py, "start_scanning"), (), Some(kwargs))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Register a callback to be called for each advertisement
+    pub fn on_advertisement(
+        &mut self,
+        callback: impl Fn(Python, Advertisement) -> PyResult<()> + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        let boxed = ClosureCallback::new(move |py, args, _kwargs| {
+            callback(py, Advertisement(args.get_item(0)?.into()))
+        });
+
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method1(py, intern!(py, "add_listener"), ("advertisement", boxed))
+        })
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Set the advertisement data to be used when [Device::start_advertising] is called.
+    pub fn set_advertising_data(&mut self, adv_data: AdvertisementDataBuilder) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0.setattr(
+                py,
+                intern!(py, "advertising_data"),
+                adv_data.into_bytes().as_slice(),
+            )
+        })
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Start advertising the data set with [Device.set_advertisement].
+    pub async fn start_advertising(&mut self, auto_restart: bool) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            let kwargs = PyDict::new(py);
+            kwargs.set_item("auto_restart", auto_restart)?;
+
+            self.0
+                .call_method(py, intern!(py, "start_advertising"), (), Some(kwargs))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Stop advertising.
+    pub async fn stop_advertising(&mut self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "stop_advertising"))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A connection to a remote device.
+pub struct Connection(PyObject);
+
+/// The other end of a connection
+pub struct Peer(PyObject);
+
+impl Peer {
+    /// Wrap a [Connection] in a Peer
+    pub fn new(conn: Connection) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.device"))?
+                .getattr(intern!(py, "Peer"))?
+                .call1((conn.0,))
+                .map(|obj| Self(obj.into()))
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Populates the peer's cache of services.
+    ///
+    /// Returns the discovered services.
+    pub async fn discover_services(&mut self) -> PyResult<Vec<ServiceProxy>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "discover_services"))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .and_then(|list| {
+            Python::with_gil(|py| {
+                list.as_ref(py)
+                    .iter()?
+                    .map(|r| r.map(|h| ServiceProxy(h.to_object(py))))
+                    .collect()
+            })
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Returns a snapshot of the Services currently in the peer's cache
+    pub fn services(&self) -> PyResult<Vec<ServiceProxy>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "services"))?
+                .as_ref(py)
+                .iter()?
+                .map(|r| r.map(|h| ServiceProxy(h.to_object(py))))
+                .collect()
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Build a [ProfileServiceProxy] for the specified type.
+    /// [Peer::discover_services] or some other means of populating the Peer's service cache must be
+    /// called first, or the required service won't be found.
+    pub fn create_service_proxy<P: ProfileServiceProxy>(&self) -> PyResult<Option<P>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            let module = py.import(P::PROXY_CLASS_MODULE)?;
+            let class = module.getattr(P::PROXY_CLASS_NAME)?;
+            self.0
+                .call_method1(py, intern!(py, "create_service_proxy"), (class,))
+                .map(|obj| {
+                    if obj.is_none(py) {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(P::wrap(obj))
+                    }
+                })
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// A BLE advertisement
+pub struct Advertisement(PyObject);
+
+impl Advertisement {
+    /// Address that sent the advertisement
+    pub fn address(&self) -> PyResult<Address> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "address")).map(Address))
+    }
+
+    /// Returns true if the advertisement is connectable
+    pub fn is_connectable(&self) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "is_connectable"))?
+                .extract::<bool>(py)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// RSSI of the advertisement
+    pub fn rssi(&self) -> PyResult<i8> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "rssi"))?.extract::<i8>(py))
+    }
+
+    /// Data in the advertisement
+    pub fn data(&self) -> PyResult<AdvertisingData> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "data")).map(AdvertisingData))
+    }
+}

rust/src/wrapper/gatt_client.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! GATT client support
+
+use crate::wrapper::ClosureCallback;
+use pyo3::types::PyTuple;
+use pyo3::{intern, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
+
+/// A GATT service on a remote device
+pub struct ServiceProxy(pub(crate) PyObject);
+
+impl ServiceProxy {
+    /// Discover the characteristics in this service.
+    ///
+    /// Populates an internal cache of characteristics in this service.
+    pub async fn discover_characteristics(&mut self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "discover_characteristics"))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+}
+
+/// A GATT characteristic on a remote device
+pub struct CharacteristicProxy(pub(crate) PyObject);
+
+impl CharacteristicProxy {
+    /// Subscribe to changes to the characteristic, executing `callback` for each new value
+    pub async fn subscribe(
+        &mut self,
+        callback: impl Fn(Python, &PyTuple) -> PyResult<()> + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> PyResult<()> {
+        let boxed = ClosureCallback::new(move |py, args, _kwargs| callback(py, args));
+
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method1(py, intern!(py, "subscribe"), (boxed,))
+                .and_then(|obj| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(obj.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Read the current value of the characteristic
+    pub async fn read_value(&self) -> PyResult<PyObject> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "read_value"))
+                .and_then(|obj| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(obj.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+    }
+}
+
+/// Equivalent to the Python `ProfileServiceProxy`.
+pub trait ProfileServiceProxy {
+    /// The module containing the proxy class
+    const PROXY_CLASS_MODULE: &'static str;
+    /// The module class name
+    const PROXY_CLASS_NAME: &'static str;
+
+    /// Wrap a PyObject in the Rust wrapper type
+    fn wrap(obj: PyObject) -> Self;
+}

rust/src/wrapper/hci.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! HCI
+
+use itertools::Itertools as _;
+use pyo3::{exceptions::PyException, intern, types::PyModule, PyErr, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
+
+/// A Bluetooth address
+pub struct Address(pub(crate) PyObject);
+
+impl Address {
+    /// The type of address
+    pub fn address_type(&self) -> PyResult<AddressType> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            let addr_type = self
+                .0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "address_type"))?
+                .extract::<u32>(py)?;
+
+            let module = PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.hci"))?;
+            let klass = module.getattr(intern!(py, "Address"))?;
+
+            if addr_type
+                == klass
+                    .getattr(intern!(py, "PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS"))?
+                    .extract::<u32>()?
+            {
+                Ok(AddressType::PublicDevice)
+            } else if addr_type
+                == klass
+                    .getattr(intern!(py, "RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS"))?
+                    .extract::<u32>()?
+            {
+                Ok(AddressType::RandomDevice)
+            } else if addr_type
+                == klass
+                    .getattr(intern!(py, "PUBLIC_IDENTITY_ADDRESS"))?
+                    .extract::<u32>()?
+            {
+                Ok(AddressType::PublicIdentity)
+            } else if addr_type
+                == klass
+                    .getattr(intern!(py, "RANDOM_IDENTITY_ADDRESS"))?
+                    .extract::<u32>()?
+            {
+                Ok(AddressType::RandomIdentity)
+            } else {
+                Err(PyErr::new::<PyException, _>("Invalid address type"))
+            }
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// True if the address is static
+    pub fn is_static(&self) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "is_static"))?
+                .extract::<bool>(py)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// True if the address is resolvable
+    pub fn is_resolvable(&self) -> PyResult<bool> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "is_resolvable"))?
+                .extract::<bool>(py)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Address bytes in _little-endian_ format
+    pub fn as_le_bytes(&self) -> PyResult<Vec<u8>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "to_bytes"))?
+                .extract::<Vec<u8>>(py)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Address bytes as big-endian colon-separated hex
+    pub fn as_hex(&self) -> PyResult<String> {
+        self.as_le_bytes().map(|bytes| {
+            bytes
+                .into_iter()
+                .rev()
+                .map(|byte| hex::encode_upper([byte]))
+                .join(":")
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+/// BT address types
+#[allow(missing_docs)]
+#[derive(PartialEq, Eq, Debug)]
+pub enum AddressType {
+    PublicDevice,
+    RandomDevice,
+    PublicIdentity,
+    RandomIdentity,
+}

rust/src/wrapper/logging.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+//! Bumble & Python logging
+
+use pyo3::types::PyDict;
+use pyo3::{intern, types::PyModule, PyResult, Python};
+use std::env;
+
+/// Returns the uppercased contents of the `BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL` env var, or `default` if it is not present or not UTF-8.
+///
+/// The result could be passed to [py_logging_basic_config] to configure Python's logging
+/// accordingly.
+pub fn bumble_env_logging_level(default: impl Into<String>) -> String {
+    env::var("BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL")
+        .unwrap_or_else(|_| default.into())
+        .to_ascii_uppercase()
+}
+
+/// Call `logging.basicConfig` with the provided logging level
+pub fn py_logging_basic_config(log_level: impl Into<String>) -> PyResult<()> {
+    Python::with_gil(|py| {
+        let kwargs = PyDict::new(py);
+        kwargs.set_item("level", log_level.into())?;
+
+        PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "logging"))?
+            .call_method(intern!(py, "basicConfig"), (), Some(kwargs))
+            .map(|_| ())
+    })
+}

rust/src/wrapper/mod.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! Types that wrap the Python API.
+//!
+//! Because mutability, aliasing, etc is all hidden behind Python, the normal Rust rules about
+//! only one mutable reference to one piece of memory, etc, may not hold since using `&mut self`
+//! instead of `&self` is only guided by inspection of the Python source, not the compiler.
+//!
+//! The modules are generally structured to mirror the Python equivalents.
+
+// Re-exported to make it easy for users to depend on the same `PyObject`, etc
+pub use pyo3;
+use pyo3::{
+    prelude::*,
+    types::{PyDict, PyTuple},
+};
+pub use pyo3_asyncio;
+
+pub mod assigned_numbers;
+pub mod core;
+pub mod device;
+pub mod gatt_client;
+pub mod hci;
+pub mod logging;
+pub mod profile;
+pub mod transport;
+
+/// Convenience extensions to [PyObject]
+pub trait PyObjectExt {
+    /// Get a GIL-bound reference
+    fn gil_ref<'py>(&'py self, py: Python<'py>) -> &'py PyAny;
+
+    /// Extract any [FromPyObject] implementation from this value
+    fn extract_with_gil<T>(&self) -> PyResult<T>
+    where
+        T: for<'a> FromPyObject<'a>,
+    {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.gil_ref(py).extract::<T>())
+    }
+}
+
+impl PyObjectExt for PyObject {
+    fn gil_ref<'py>(&'py self, py: Python<'py>) -> &'py PyAny {
+        self.as_ref(py)
+    }
+}
+
+/// Wrapper to make Rust closures ([Fn] implementations) callable from Python.
+///
+/// The Python callable form returns a Python `None`.
+#[pyclass(name = "SubscribeCallback")]
+pub(crate) struct ClosureCallback {
+    // can't use generics in a pyclass, so have to box
+    #[allow(clippy::type_complexity)]
+    callback: Box<dyn Fn(Python, &PyTuple, Option<&PyDict>) -> PyResult<()> + Send + 'static>,
+}
+
+impl ClosureCallback {
+    /// Create a new callback around the provided closure
+    pub fn new(
+        callback: impl Fn(Python, &PyTuple, Option<&PyDict>) -> PyResult<()> + Send + 'static,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            callback: Box::new(callback),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[pymethods]
+impl ClosureCallback {
+    #[pyo3(signature = (*args, **kwargs))]
+    fn __call__(
+        &self,
+        py: Python<'_>,
+        args: &PyTuple,
+        kwargs: Option<&PyDict>,
+    ) -> PyResult<Py<PyAny>> {
+        (self.callback)(py, args, kwargs).map(|_| py.None())
+    }
+}

rust/src/wrapper/profile.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! GATT profiles
+
+use crate::wrapper::gatt_client::{CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy};
+use pyo3::{intern, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
+
+/// Exposes the battery GATT service
+pub struct BatteryServiceProxy(PyObject);
+
+impl BatteryServiceProxy {
+    /// Get the battery level, if available
+    pub fn battery_level(&self) -> PyResult<Option<CharacteristicProxy>> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .getattr(py, intern!(py, "battery_level"))
+                .map(|level| {
+                    if level.is_none(py) {
+                        None
+                    } else {
+                        Some(CharacteristicProxy(level))
+                    }
+                })
+        })
+    }
+}
+
+impl ProfileServiceProxy for BatteryServiceProxy {
+    const PROXY_CLASS_MODULE: &'static str = "bumble.profiles.battery_service";
+    const PROXY_CLASS_NAME: &'static str = "BatteryServiceProxy";
+
+    fn wrap(obj: PyObject) -> Self {
+        Self(obj)
+    }
+}

rust/src/wrapper/transport.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+//! HCI packet transport
+
+use pyo3::{intern, types::PyModule, PyObject, PyResult, Python};
+
+/// A source/sink pair for HCI packet I/O.
+///
+/// See <https://google.github.io/bumble/transports/index.html>.
+pub struct Transport(PyObject);
+
+impl Transport {
+    /// Open a new Transport for the provided spec, e.g. `"usb:0"` or `"android-netsim"`.
+    pub async fn open(transport_spec: impl Into<String>) -> PyResult<Self> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.transport"))?
+                .call_method1(intern!(py, "open_transport"), (transport_spec.into(),))
+                .and_then(pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future)
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(Self)
+    }
+
+    /// Close the transport.
+    pub async fn close(&mut self) -> PyResult<()> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| {
+            self.0
+                .call_method0(py, intern!(py, "close"))
+                .and_then(|coroutine| pyo3_asyncio::tokio::into_future(coroutine.as_ref(py)))
+        })?
+        .await
+        .map(|_| ())
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the source half of the transport.
+    pub fn source(&self) -> PyResult<Source> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "source"))).map(Source)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the sink half of the transport.
+    pub fn sink(&self) -> PyResult<Sink> {
+        Python::with_gil(|py| self.0.getattr(py, intern!(py, "sink"))).map(Sink)
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Transport {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        // can't await in a Drop impl, but we can at least spawn a task to do it
+        let obj = self.0.clone();
+        tokio::spawn(async move { Self(obj).close().await });
+    }
+}
+
+/// The source side of a [Transport].
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Source(pub(crate) PyObject);
+
+/// The sink side of a [Transport].
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct Sink(pub(crate) PyObject);

tests/gatt_test.py

@@ -803,14 +803,14 @@ async def test_mtu_exchange():
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def test_char_property_to_string():
     # single
-    assert str(Characteristic.Properties(0x01)) == "Properties.BROADCAST"
+    assert str(Characteristic.Properties(0x01)) == "BROADCAST"
-    assert str(Characteristic.Properties.BROADCAST) == "Properties.BROADCAST"
+    assert str(Characteristic.Properties.BROADCAST) == "BROADCAST"
 
     # double
-    assert str(Characteristic.Properties(0x03)) == "Properties.READ|BROADCAST"
+    assert str(Characteristic.Properties(0x03)) == "BROADCAST|READ"
     assert (
         str(Characteristic.Properties.BROADCAST | Characteristic.Properties.READ)
-        == "Properties.READ|BROADCAST"
+        == "BROADCAST|READ"
     )
 
 
@@ -831,6 +831,10 @@ def test_characteristic_property_from_string():
         Characteristic.Properties.from_string("READ,BROADCAST")
         == Characteristic.Properties.BROADCAST | Characteristic.Properties.READ
     )
+    assert (
+        Characteristic.Properties.from_string("BROADCAST|READ")
+        == Characteristic.Properties.BROADCAST | Characteristic.Properties.READ
+    )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -841,7 +845,7 @@ def test_characteristic_property_from_string_assert():
     assert (
         str(e_info.value)
         == """Characteristic.Properties::from_string() error:
-Expected a string containing any of the keys, separated by commas: BROADCAST,READ,WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,WRITE,NOTIFY,INDICATE,AUTHENTICATED_SIGNED_WRITES,EXTENDED_PROPERTIES
+Expected a string containing any of the keys, separated by , or |: BROADCAST,READ,WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,WRITE,NOTIFY,INDICATE,AUTHENTICATED_SIGNED_WRITES,EXTENDED_PROPERTIES
 Got: BROADCAST,HELLO"""
     )
 
@@ -866,13 +870,13 @@ async def test_server_string():
     assert (
         str(server.gatt_server)
         == """Service(handle=0x0001, end=0x0005, uuid=UUID-16:1800 (Generic Access))
-CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0002, value_handle=0x0003, uuid=UUID-16:2A00 (Device Name), Properties.READ)
+CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0002, value_handle=0x0003, uuid=UUID-16:2A00 (Device Name), READ)
-Characteristic(handle=0x0003, end=0x0003, uuid=UUID-16:2A00 (Device Name), Properties.READ)
+Characteristic(handle=0x0003, end=0x0003, uuid=UUID-16:2A00 (Device Name), READ)
-CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0004, value_handle=0x0005, uuid=UUID-16:2A01 (Appearance), Properties.READ)
+CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0004, value_handle=0x0005, uuid=UUID-16:2A01 (Appearance), READ)
-Characteristic(handle=0x0005, end=0x0005, uuid=UUID-16:2A01 (Appearance), Properties.READ)
+Characteristic(handle=0x0005, end=0x0005, uuid=UUID-16:2A01 (Appearance), READ)
 Service(handle=0x0006, end=0x0009, uuid=3A657F47-D34F-46B3-B1EC-698E29B6B829)
-CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0007, value_handle=0x0008, uuid=FDB159DB-036C-49E3-B3DB-6325AC750806, Properties.NOTIFY|WRITE|READ)
+CharacteristicDeclaration(handle=0x0007, value_handle=0x0008, uuid=FDB159DB-036C-49E3-B3DB-6325AC750806, READ|WRITE|NOTIFY)
-Characteristic(handle=0x0008, end=0x0009, uuid=FDB159DB-036C-49E3-B3DB-6325AC750806, Properties.NOTIFY|WRITE|READ)
+Characteristic(handle=0x0008, end=0x0009, uuid=FDB159DB-036C-49E3-B3DB-6325AC750806, READ|WRITE|NOTIFY)
 Descriptor(handle=0x0009, type=UUID-16:2902 (Client Characteristic Configuration), value=0000)"""
     )
 

tests/hci_test.py

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_LE_Set_Advertising_Parameters_Command,
     HCI_LE_Set_Default_PHY_Command,
     HCI_LE_Set_Event_Mask_Command,
+    HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Enable_Command,
     HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Scan_Parameters_Command,
     HCI_LE_Set_Random_Address_Command,
     HCI_LE_Set_Scan_Enable_Command,
@@ -422,6 +423,25 @@ def test_HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Scan_Parameters_Command():
     basic_check(command)
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Enable_Command():
+    command = HCI_Packet.from_bytes(
+        bytes.fromhex('0139200e010301050008020600090307000a')
+    )
+    assert command.enable == 1
+    assert command.advertising_handles == [1, 2, 3]
+    assert command.durations == [5, 6, 7]
+    assert command.max_extended_advertising_events == [8, 9, 10]
+
+    command = HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Enable_Command(
+        enable=1,
+        advertising_handles=[1, 2, 3],
+        durations=[5, 6, 7],
+        max_extended_advertising_events=[8, 9, 10],
+    )
+    basic_check(command)
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def test_address():
     a = Address('C4:F2:17:1A:1D:BB')
@@ -478,6 +498,7 @@ def run_test_commands():
     test_HCI_LE_Read_Remote_Features_Command()
     test_HCI_LE_Set_Default_PHY_Command()
     test_HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Scan_Parameters_Command()
+    test_HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Enable_Command()
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/self_test.py

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ import logging
 import os
 import pytest
 
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
 from bumble.controller import Controller
 from bumble.core import BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT, BT_PERIPHERAL_ROLE, BT_CENTRAL_ROLE
 from bumble.link import LocalLink
@@ -34,6 +36,8 @@ from bumble.smp import (
     SMP_CONFIRM_VALUE_FAILED_ERROR,
 )
 from bumble.core import ProtocolError
+from bumble.hci import HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256_TYPE
+from bumble.keys import PairingKeys
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -473,6 +477,85 @@ async def test_self_smp_wrong_pin():
     assert not paired
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_self_smp_over_classic():
+    # Create two devices, each with a controller, attached to the same link
+    two_devices = TwoDevices()
+
+    # Attach listeners
+    two_devices.devices[0].on(
+        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(0, connection)
+    )
+    two_devices.devices[1].on(
+        'connection', lambda connection: two_devices.on_connection(1, connection)
+    )
+
+    # Enable Classic connections
+    two_devices.devices[0].classic_enabled = True
+    two_devices.devices[1].classic_enabled = True
+
+    # Start
+    await two_devices.devices[0].power_on()
+    await two_devices.devices[1].power_on()
+
+    # Connect the two devices
+    await asyncio.gather(
+        two_devices.devices[0].connect(
+            two_devices.devices[1].public_address, transport=BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT
+        ),
+        two_devices.devices[1].accept(two_devices.devices[0].public_address),
+    )
+
+    # Check the post conditions
+    assert two_devices.connections[0] is not None
+    assert two_devices.connections[1] is not None
+
+    # Mock connection
+    # TODO: Implement Classic SSP and encryption in link relayer
+    LINK_KEY = bytes.fromhex('287ad379dca402530a39f1f43047b835')
+    two_devices.devices[0].on_link_key(
+        two_devices.devices[1].public_address,
+        LINK_KEY,
+        HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256_TYPE,
+    )
+    two_devices.devices[1].on_link_key(
+        two_devices.devices[0].public_address,
+        LINK_KEY,
+        HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256_TYPE,
+    )
+    two_devices.connections[0].encryption = 1
+    two_devices.connections[1].encryption = 1
+
+    paired = [
+        asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
+        asyncio.get_event_loop().create_future(),
+    ]
+
+    def on_pairing(which: int, keys: PairingKeys):
+        paired[which].set_result(keys)
+
+    two_devices.connections[0].on('pairing', lambda keys: on_pairing(0, keys))
+    two_devices.connections[1].on('pairing', lambda keys: on_pairing(1, keys))
+
+    # Mock SMP
+    with patch('bumble.smp.Session', spec=True) as MockSmpSession:
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_confirm_command = MagicMock()
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_dhkey_check_command = MagicMock()
+        MockSmpSession.send_public_key_command = MagicMock()
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_random_command = MagicMock()
+
+        # Start CTKD
+        await two_devices.connections[0].pair()
+        await asyncio.gather(*paired)
+
+        # Phase 2 commands should not be invoked
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_confirm_command.assert_not_called()
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_dhkey_check_command.assert_not_called()
+        MockSmpSession.send_public_key_command.assert_not_called()
+        MockSmpSession.send_pairing_random_command.assert_not_called()
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def run_test_self():
     await test_self_connection()
@@ -481,6 +564,7 @@ async def run_test_self():
     await test_self_smp()
     await test_self_smp_reject()
     await test_self_smp_wrong_pin()
+    await test_self_smp_over_classic()
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------