Merge pull request #853 from zxzxwu/l2cap

L2CAP: Fix segmentation and frame ack

.github/workflows/code-check.yml

@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13.0"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13.0", "3.14"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
     - name: Check out from Git
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Get history and tags for SCM versioning to work
       run: |
         git fetch --prune --unshallow
         git fetch --depth=1 origin +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install dependencies

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL

.github/workflows/gradle-btbench.yml

@@ -22,10 +22,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: Check out from Git
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Set up JDK
-        uses: actions/setup-java@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
         with:
           distribution: 'zulu'
           java-version: 17

.github/workflows/python-avatar.yml

@@ -26,9 +26,9 @@ jobs:
           21/24, 22/24, 23/24, 24/24,
         ]
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set Up Python 3.11
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: 3.11
       - name: Install
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
         run: cat rootcanal.log
       - name: Upload Mobly logs
         if: always()
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: mobly-logs-${{ strategy.job-index }}
           path: /tmp/logs/mobly/bumble.bumbles/

.github/workflows/python-build-test.yml

@@ -18,18 +18,18 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         os: ['ubuntu-latest', 'macos-latest', 'windows-latest']
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14"]
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
     - name: Check out from Git
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Get history and tags for SCM versioning to work
       run: |
         git fetch --prune --unshallow
         git fetch --depth=1 origin +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
     - name: Install dependencies
@@ -48,14 +48,15 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
-        rust-version: [ "1.76.0", "stable" ]
+        # Rust runtime doesn't support 3.14 yet.
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        rust-version: [ "1.80.0", "1.91.0" ]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
       - name: Check out from Git
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
       - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}
       - name: Install Python dependencies
@@ -68,11 +69,11 @@ jobs:
           components: clippy,rustfmt
           toolchain: ${{ matrix.rust-version }}
       - name: Install Rust dependencies
-        run: cargo install cargo-all-features # allows building/testing combinations of features
+        run: cargo install cargo-all-features --version 1.11.0  # allows building/testing combinations of features
       - name: Check License Headers
         run: cd rust && cargo run --features dev-tools --bin file-header check-all
       - name: Rust Build
-        run: cd rust && cargo build --all-targets && cargo build-all-features --all-targets
+        run: cd rust && cargo build --all-targets && cargo build-all-features
       # Lints after build so what clippy needs is already built
       - name: Rust Lints
         run: cd rust && cargo fmt --check && cargo clippy --all-targets -- --deny warnings && cargo clippy --all-features --all-targets -- --deny warnings

.github/workflows/python-publish.yml

@@ -14,13 +14,13 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Check out from Git
-      uses: actions/checkout@v3
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
     - name: Get history and tags for SCM versioning to work
       run: |
         git fetch --prune --unshallow
         git fetch --depth=1 origin +refs/tags/*:refs/tags/*
     - name: Set up Python
-      uses: actions/setup-python@v3
+      uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
         python-version: '3.10'
     - name: Install dependencies
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ jobs:
       run: python -m build
     - name: Publish package to PyPI
       if: github.event_name == 'release' && startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags')
-      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e  # release/v1.13
       with:
         user: __token__
         password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -104,5 +104,8 @@
     "python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
     "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
     "python-envs.defaultEnvManager": "ms-python.python:system",
-    "python-envs.pythonProjects": []
+    "python-envs.pythonProjects": [],
+    "nrf-connect.applications": [
+        "${workspaceFolder}/extras/zephyr/hci_usb"
+    ]
 }

README.md

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ Bumble is easiest to use with a dedicated USB dongle.
 This is because internal Bluetooth interfaces tend to be locked down by the operating system.
 You can use the [usb_probe](/docs/mkdocs/src/apps_and_tools/usb_probe.md) tool (all platforms) or `lsusb` (Linux or macOS) to list the available USB devices on your system.
 
-See the [USB Transport](/docs/mkdocs/src/transports/usb.md) page for details on how to refer to USB devices. Also, if your are on a mac, see [these instructions](docs/mkdocs/src/platforms/macos.md).
+See the [USB Transport](/docs/mkdocs/src/transports/usb.md) page for details on how to refer to USB devices. Also, if you are on a mac, see [these instructions](docs/mkdocs/src/platforms/macos.md).
 
 ## License
 

apps/bench.py

@@ -22,20 +22,22 @@ import logging
 import statistics
 import struct
 import time
-from typing import Optional
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.core
+import bumble.logging
+import bumble.rfcomm
 from bumble import l2cap
+from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
     BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
     UUID,
     CommandTimeoutError,
+    ConnectionPHY,
+    PhysicalTransport,
 )
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import ConnectionPHY
 from bumble.device import (
     CigParameters,
     CisLink,
@@ -49,12 +51,13 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_LE_1M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_2M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_CODED_PHY,
-    Role,
     HCI_Constant,
     HCI_Error,
-    HCI_StatusError,
     HCI_IsoDataPacket,
+    HCI_StatusError,
+    Role,
 )
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.sdp import (
     SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
     SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
@@ -65,12 +68,7 @@ from bumble.sdp import (
     ServiceAttribute,
 )
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.rfcomm
-import bumble.core
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
-import bumble.logging
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -258,8 +256,8 @@ async def pre_power_on(device: Device, classic: bool) -> None:
 
 async def post_power_on(
     device: Device,
-    le_scan: Optional[tuple[int, int]],
-    le_advertise: Optional[int],
+    le_scan: tuple[int, int] | None,
+    le_advertise: int | None,
     classic_page_scan: bool,
     classic_inquiry_scan: bool,
 ) -> None:
@@ -1301,7 +1299,7 @@ class IsoClient(StreamedPacketIO):
         super().__init__()
         self.device = device
         self.ready = asyncio.Event()
-        self.cis_link: Optional[CisLink] = None
+        self.cis_link: CisLink | None = None
 
     async def on_connection(
         self, connection: Connection, cis_link: CisLink, sender: bool
@@ -1342,7 +1340,7 @@ class IsoServer(StreamedPacketIO):
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.device = device
-        self.cis_link: Optional[CisLink] = None
+        self.cis_link: CisLink | None = None
         self.ready = asyncio.Event()
 
         logging.info(

apps/ble_rpa_tool.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import click
+
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.hci import Address
 from bumble.helpers import generate_irk, verify_rpa_with_irk

apps/console.py

@@ -23,58 +23,54 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
 import re
-import humanize
-from typing import Optional, Union
 from collections import OrderedDict
 
 import click
+import humanize
 from prettytable import PrettyTable
-
 from prompt_toolkit import Application
-from prompt_toolkit.history import FileHistory
 from prompt_toolkit.completion import Completer, Completion, NestedCompleter
-from prompt_toolkit.key_binding import KeyBindings
-from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import ANSI
-from prompt_toolkit.styles import Style
-from prompt_toolkit.filters import Condition
-from prompt_toolkit.widgets import TextArea, Frame
-from prompt_toolkit.widgets.toolbars import FormattedTextToolbar
 from prompt_toolkit.data_structures import Point
+from prompt_toolkit.filters import Condition
+from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import ANSI
+from prompt_toolkit.history import FileHistory
+from prompt_toolkit.key_binding import KeyBindings
 from prompt_toolkit.layout import (
-    Layout,
-    HSplit,
-    Window,
     CompletionsMenu,
-    Float,
-    FormattedTextControl,
-    FloatContainer,
     ConditionalContainer,
     Dimension,
+    Float,
+    FloatContainer,
+    FormattedTextControl,
+    HSplit,
+    Layout,
+    Window,
 )
+from prompt_toolkit.styles import Style
+from prompt_toolkit.widgets import Frame, TextArea
+from prompt_toolkit.widgets.toolbars import FormattedTextToolbar
 
-from bumble import __version__
 import bumble.core
-from bumble import colors
+from bumble import __version__, colors
 from bumble.core import UUID, AdvertisingData
 from bumble.device import (
+    Connection,
     ConnectionParametersPreferences,
     ConnectionPHY,
     Device,
-    Connection,
     Peer,
 )
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
-from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, Service, CharacteristicDeclaration, Descriptor
+from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, CharacteristicDeclaration, Descriptor, Service
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
 from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    HCI_Constant,
     HCI_LE_1M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_2M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_CODED_PHY,
+    Address,
+    HCI_Constant,
 )
-
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -129,8 +125,8 @@ def parse_phys(phys):
 # Console App
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class ConsoleApp:
-    connected_peer: Optional[Peer]
-    connection_phy: Optional[ConnectionPHY]
+    connected_peer: Peer | None
+    connection_phy: ConnectionPHY | None
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.known_addresses = set()
@@ -523,7 +519,7 @@ class ConsoleApp:
 
         self.show_attributes(attributes)
 
-    def find_remote_characteristic(self, param) -> Optional[CharacteristicProxy]:
+    def find_remote_characteristic(self, param) -> CharacteristicProxy | None:
         if not self.connected_peer:
             return None
         parts = param.split('.')
@@ -545,9 +541,7 @@ class ConsoleApp:
 
         return None
 
-    def find_local_attribute(
-        self, param
-    ) -> Optional[Union[Characteristic, Descriptor]]:
+    def find_local_attribute(self, param) -> Characteristic | Descriptor | None:
         parts = param.split('.')
         if len(parts) == 3:
             service_uuid = UUID(parts[0])
@@ -1099,9 +1093,7 @@ class DeviceListener(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
             if self.app.connected_peer.connection.is_encrypted
             else 'not encrypted'
         )
-        self.app.append_to_output(
-            'connection encryption change: ' f'{encryption_state}'
-        )
+        self.app.append_to_output(f'connection encryption change: {encryption_state}')
 
     def on_connection_data_length_change(self):
         self.app.append_to_output(

apps/controller_info.py

@@ -20,44 +20,43 @@ import time
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
 from bumble.core import name_or_number
 from bumble.hci import (
-    map_null_terminated_utf8_string,
-    CodecID,
-    LeFeature,
+    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_V2_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_ADVERTISING_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_NUMBER_OF_SUPPORTED_ADVERTISING_SETS_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_SUGGESTED_DEFAULT_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_BD_ADDR_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_LOCAL_NAME_COMMAND,
     HCI_SUCCESS,
-    HCI_VERSION_NAMES,
-    LMP_VERSION_NAMES,
+    CodecID,
     HCI_Command,
     HCI_Command_Complete_Event,
     HCI_Command_Status_Event,
-    HCI_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_V2_COMMAND,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_V2_Command,
-    HCI_READ_BD_ADDR_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_BD_ADDR_Command,
-    HCI_READ_LOCAL_NAME_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Local_Name_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
     HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Data_Length_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_NUMBER_OF_SUPPORTED_ADVERTISING_SETS_COMMAND,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Number_Of_Supported_Advertising_Sets_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_ADVERTISING_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_V2_Command,
     HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Advertising_Data_Length_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_SUGGESTED_DEFAULT_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Data_Length_Command,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Number_Of_Supported_Advertising_Sets_Command,
     HCI_LE_Read_Suggested_Default_Data_Length_Command,
+    HCI_Read_BD_ADDR_Command,
+    HCI_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
+    HCI_Read_Local_Name_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Supported_Codecs_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Supported_Codecs_V2_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command,
+    LeFeature,
+    SpecificationVersion,
+    map_null_terminated_utf8_string,
 )
 from bumble.host import Host
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -275,7 +274,7 @@ async def async_main(
                 (
                     f'min={min(latencies):.2f}, '
                     f'max={max(latencies):.2f}, '
-                    f'average={sum(latencies)/len(latencies):.2f},'
+                    f'average={sum(latencies) / len(latencies):.2f},'
                 ),
                 [f'{latency:.4}' for latency in latencies],
                 '\n',
@@ -289,14 +288,20 @@ async def async_main(
         )
         print(
             color('  HCI Version:   ', 'green'),
-            name_or_number(HCI_VERSION_NAMES, host.local_version.hci_version),
+            SpecificationVersion(host.local_version.hci_version).name,
+        )
+        print(
+            color('  HCI Subversion:', 'green'),
+            f'0x{host.local_version.hci_subversion:04x}',
         )
-        print(color('  HCI Subversion:', 'green'), host.local_version.hci_subversion)
         print(
             color('  LMP Version:   ', 'green'),
-            name_or_number(LMP_VERSION_NAMES, host.local_version.lmp_version),
+            SpecificationVersion(host.local_version.lmp_version).name,
+        )
+        print(
+            color('  LMP Subversion:', 'green'),
+            f'0x{host.local_version.lmp_subversion:04x}',
         )
-        print(color('  LMP Subversion:', 'green'), host.local_version.lmp_subversion)
 
         # Get the Classic info
         await get_classic_info(host)

apps/controller_loopback.py

@@ -17,21 +17,20 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
 import time
-from typing import Optional
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_READ_LOOPBACK_MODE_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     HCI_WRITE_LOOPBACK_MODE_COMMAND,
+    HCI_Read_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     HCI_Write_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     LoopbackMode,
 )
 from bumble.host import Host
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 class Loopback:
@@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ class Loopback:
         self.transport = transport
         self.packet_size = packet_size
         self.packet_count = packet_count
-        self.connection_handle: Optional[int] = None
+        self.connection_handle: int | None = None
         self.connection_event = asyncio.Event()
         self.done = asyncio.Event()
         self.expected_cid = 0

apps/controllers.py

@@ -18,10 +18,10 @@
 import asyncio
 import sys
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.controller import Controller
 from bumble.link import LocalLink
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

apps/device_info.py

@@ -16,22 +16,22 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-from typing import Callable, Iterable, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.core import ProtocolError
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import ProtocolError
 from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import Service
-from bumble.profiles.device_information_service import DeviceInformationServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.battery_service import BatteryServiceProxy
+from bumble.profiles.device_information_service import DeviceInformationServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.gap import GenericAccessServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.pacs import PublishedAudioCapabilitiesServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.tmap import TelephonyAndMediaAudioServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.vcs import VolumeControlServiceProxy
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ async def show_vcs(vcs: VolumeControlServiceProxy) -> None:
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-async def show_device_info(peer, done: Optional[asyncio.Future]) -> None:
+async def show_device_info(peer, done: asyncio.Future | None) -> None:
     try:
         # Discover all services
         print(color('### Discovering Services and Characteristics', 'magenta'))
@@ -215,7 +215,6 @@ async def show_device_info(peer, done: Optional[asyncio.Future]) -> None:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
     async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
-
         # Create a device
         if device_config:
             device = Device.from_config_file_with_hci(

apps/gatt_dump.py

@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@ import asyncio
 import click
 
 import bumble.core
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import show_services
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -61,7 +61,6 @@ async def dump_gatt_db(peer, done):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
     async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
-
         # Create a device
         if device_config:
             device = Device.from_config_file_with_hci(

apps/gg_bridge.py

@@ -20,16 +20,15 @@ import struct
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.gatt import Service, Characteristic, CharacteristicValue
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.device import Device, Peer
+from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, CharacteristicValue, Service
 from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
-import bumble.logging
-
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants

apps/hci_bridge.py

@@ -12,17 +12,17 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import asyncio
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
-import asyncio
 import sys
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import hci, transport
 from bumble.bridge import HCI_Bridge
-import bumble.logging
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging

apps/l2cap_bridge.py

@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ import asyncio
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
 from bumble.device import Device
-from bumble.utils import FlowControlAsyncPipe
 from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
-import bumble.logging
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import FlowControlAsyncPipe
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

apps/lea_unicast/app.py

@@ -20,31 +20,30 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import datetime
 import functools
-from importlib import resources
 import json
 import logging
 import pathlib
-import weakref
 import wave
+import weakref
+from importlib import resources
 
 try:
     import lc3  # type: ignore  # pylint: disable=E0401
 except ImportError as e:
     raise ImportError("Try `python -m pip install \".[lc3]\"`.") from e
 
-import click
 import aiohttp.web
+import click
 
 import bumble
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, DeviceConfiguration, AdvertisingParameters, CisLink
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
-from bumble.profiles import ascs, bap, pacs
-from bumble.hci import Address, CodecID, CodingFormat, HCI_IsoDataPacket
 import bumble.logging
-
+from bumble import data_types, utils
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
+from bumble.device import AdvertisingParameters, CisLink, Device, DeviceConfiguration
+from bumble.hci import Address, CodecID, CodingFormat, HCI_IsoDataPacket
+from bumble.profiles import ascs, bap, pacs
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -269,7 +268,6 @@ class UiServer:
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Speaker:
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         device_config_path: str | None,
@@ -300,6 +298,7 @@ class Speaker:
                     advertising_interval_max=25,
                     address=Address('F1:F2:F3:F4:F5:F6'),
                     identity_address_type=Address.RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS,
+                    eatt_enabled=True,
                 )
 
             device_config.le_enabled = True
@@ -331,22 +330,13 @@ class Speaker:
             advertising_data = bytes(
                 AdvertisingData(
                     [
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LOCAL_NAME,
-                            bytes(device_config.name, 'utf-8'),
+                        data_types.CompleteLocalName(device_config.name),
+                        data_types.Flags(
+                            AdvertisingData.Flags.LE_GENERAL_DISCOVERABLE_MODE
+                            | AdvertisingData.Flags.BR_EDR_NOT_SUPPORTED
                         ),
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.FLAGS,
-                            bytes(
-                                [
-                                    AdvertisingData.LE_GENERAL_DISCOVERABLE_MODE_FLAG
-                                    | AdvertisingData.BR_EDR_NOT_SUPPORTED_FLAG
-                                ]
-                            ),
-                        ),
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            bytes(pacs.PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService.UUID),
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf16BitServiceUUIDs(
+                            [pacs.PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService.UUID]
                         ),
                     ]
                 )

apps/pair.py

@@ -15,43 +15,46 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import os
 import logging
-import struct
+import os
 
 import click
 from prompt_toolkit.shortcuts import PromptSession
 
+from bumble import data_types
 from bumble.a2dp import make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records
+from bumble.att import (
+    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR,
+    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION_ERROR,
+    ATT_Error,
+)
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, Peer
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
-from bumble.pairing import OobData, PairingDelegate, PairingConfig
-from bumble.smp import OobContext, OobLegacyContext
-from bumble.smp import error_name as smp_error_name
-from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.core import (
+    UUID,
     AdvertisingData,
     Appearance,
-    ProtocolError,
+    DataType,
     PhysicalTransport,
-    UUID,
+    ProtocolError,
 )
+from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    Service,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
+    Service,
 )
 from bumble.hci import OwnAddressType
-from bumble.att import (
-    ATT_Error,
-    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR,
-    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION_ERROR,
-)
+from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
+from bumble.pairing import OobData, PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
+from bumble.smp import OobContext, OobLegacyContext
+from bumble.smp import error_name as smp_error_name
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -62,7 +65,7 @@ POST_PAIRING_DELAY = 1
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Waiter:
-    instance = None
+    instance: Waiter | None = None
 
     def __init__(self, linger=False):
         self.done = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
@@ -326,25 +329,25 @@ async def on_pairing_failure(connection, reason):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def pair(
-    mode,
-    sc,
-    mitm,
-    bond,
-    ctkd,
-    advertising_address,
-    identity_address,
-    linger,
-    io,
-    oob,
-    prompt,
-    request,
-    print_keys,
-    keystore_file,
-    advertise_service_uuids,
-    advertise_appearance,
-    device_config,
-    hci_transport,
-    address_or_name,
+    mode: str,
+    sc: bool,
+    mitm: bool,
+    bond: bool,
+    ctkd: bool,
+    advertising_address: str,
+    identity_address: str,
+    linger: bool,
+    io: str,
+    oob: str,
+    prompt: bool,
+    request: bool,
+    print_keys: bool,
+    keystore_file: str,
+    advertise_service_uuids: str,
+    advertise_appearance: str,
+    device_config: str,
+    hci_transport: str,
+    address_or_name: str,
 ):
     Waiter.instance = Waiter(linger=linger)
 
@@ -402,6 +405,7 @@ async def pair(
         # Create an OOB context if needed
         if oob:
             our_oob_context = OobContext()
+            legacy_context: OobLegacyContext | None
             if oob == '-':
                 shared_data = None
                 legacy_context = OobLegacyContext()
@@ -506,39 +510,29 @@ async def pair(
                 if mode == 'dual':
                     flags |= AdvertisingData.Flags.SIMULTANEOUS_LE_BR_EDR_CAPABLE
 
-                ad_structs = [
-                    (
-                        AdvertisingData.FLAGS,
-                        bytes([flags]),
-                    ),
-                    (AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LOCAL_NAME, 'Bumble'.encode()),
+                advertising_data_types: list[DataType] = [
+                    data_types.Flags(flags),
+                    data_types.CompleteLocalName('Bumble'),
                 ]
                 if service_uuids_16:
-                    ad_structs.append(
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_16),
-                        )
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf16BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_16)
                     )
                 if service_uuids_32:
-                    ad_structs.append(
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_32_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_32),
-                        )
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf32BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_32)
                     )
                 if service_uuids_128:
-                    ad_structs.append(
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_128_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_128),
-                        )
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf128BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_128)
                     )
 
                 if advertise_appearance:
                     advertise_appearance = advertise_appearance.upper()
                     try:
-                        advertise_appearance_int = int(advertise_appearance)
+                        appearance = data_types.Appearance.from_int(
+                            int(advertise_appearance)
+                        )
                     except ValueError:
                         category, subcategory = advertise_appearance.split('/')
                         try:
@@ -556,16 +550,12 @@ async def pair(
                         except ValueError:
                             print(color(f'Invalid subcategory {subcategory}', 'red'))
                             return
-                        advertise_appearance_int = int(
-                            Appearance(category_enum, subcategory_enum)
+                        appearance = data_types.Appearance(
+                            category_enum, subcategory_enum
                         )
-                    ad_structs.append(
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.APPEARANCE,
-                            struct.pack('<H', advertise_appearance_int),
-                        )
-                    )
-                device.advertising_data = bytes(AdvertisingData(ad_structs))
+
+                    advertising_data_types.append(appearance)
+                device.advertising_data = bytes(AdvertisingData(advertising_data_types))
                 await device.start_advertising(
                     auto_restart=True,
                     own_address_type=(
@@ -674,25 +664,25 @@ class LogHandler(logging.Handler):
 @click.argument('hci_transport')
 @click.argument('address-or-name', required=False)
 def main(
-    mode,
-    sc,
-    mitm,
-    bond,
-    ctkd,
-    advertising_address,
-    identity_address,
-    linger,
-    io,
-    oob,
-    prompt,
-    request,
-    print_keys,
-    keystore_file,
-    advertise_service_uuid,
-    advertise_appearance,
-    device_config,
-    hci_transport,
-    address_or_name,
+    mode: str,
+    sc: bool,
+    mitm: bool,
+    bond: bool,
+    ctkd: bool,
+    advertising_address: str,
+    identity_address: str,
+    linger: bool,
+    io: str,
+    oob: str,
+    prompt: bool,
+    request: bool,
+    print_keys: bool,
+    keystore_file: str,
+    advertise_service_uuid: str,
+    advertise_appearance: str,
+    device_config: str,
+    hci_transport: str,
+    address_or_name: str,
 ):
     # Setup logging
     log_handler = LogHandler()

apps/pandora_server.py

@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
 import asyncio
-import click
-import logging
 import json
-
-from bumble.pandora import PandoraDevice, Config, serve
+import logging
 from typing import Any
 
+import click
+
+from bumble.pandora import Config, PandoraDevice, serve
+
 BUMBLE_SERVER_GRPC_PORT = 7999
 ROOTCANAL_PORT_CUTTLEFISH = 7300
 
@@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ ROOTCANAL_PORT_CUTTLEFISH = 7300
 @click.option(
     '--transport',
     help='HCI transport',
-    default=f'tcp-client:127.0.0.1:<rootcanal-port>',
+    default='tcp-client:127.0.0.1:<rootcanal-port>',
 )
 @click.option(
     '--config',
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ def retrieve_config(config: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if not config:
         return {}
 
-    with open(config, 'r') as f:
+    with open(config) as f:
         return json.load(f)
 
 

apps/player/player.py

@@ -16,53 +16,48 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import logging
-from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.a2dp import (
-    make_audio_source_service_sdp_records,
-    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
     A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
     A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
+    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
     AacFrame,
-    AacParser,
-    AacPacketSource,
     AacMediaCodecInformation,
-    SbcFrame,
-    SbcParser,
-    SbcPacketSource,
-    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
-    OpusPacket,
-    OpusParser,
-    OpusPacketSource,
+    AacPacketSource,
+    AacParser,
     OpusMediaCodecInformation,
+    OpusPacket,
+    OpusPacketSource,
+    OpusParser,
+    SbcFrame,
+    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
+    SbcPacketSource,
+    SbcParser,
+    make_audio_source_service_sdp_records,
 )
-from bumble.avrcp import Protocol as AvrcpProtocol
 from bumble.avdtp import (
-    find_avdtp_service_with_connection,
     AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
     AVDTP_DELAY_REPORTING_SERVICE_CATEGORY,
     MediaCodecCapabilities,
     MediaPacketPump,
-    Protocol as AvdtpProtocol,
+    find_avdtp_service_with_connection,
 )
+from bumble.avdtp import Protocol as AvdtpProtocol
+from bumble.avrcp import Protocol as AvrcpProtocol
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import (
-    AdvertisingData,
-    ConnectionError as BumbleConnectionError,
-    DeviceClass,
-    PhysicalTransport,
-)
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, DeviceClass, PhysicalTransport
+from bumble.core import ConnectionError as BumbleConnectionError
 from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
-from bumble.hci import Address, HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR, HCI_Constant
+from bumble.hci import HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR, Address, HCI_Constant
 from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
-import bumble.logging
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -194,7 +189,7 @@ class Player:
     def __init__(
         self,
         transport: str,
-        device_config: Optional[str],
+        device_config: str | None,
         authenticate: bool,
         encrypt: bool,
     ) -> None:
@@ -202,8 +197,8 @@ class Player:
         self.device_config = device_config
         self.authenticate = authenticate
         self.encrypt = encrypt
-        self.avrcp_protocol: Optional[AvrcpProtocol] = None
-        self.done: Optional[asyncio.Event]
+        self.avrcp_protocol: AvrcpProtocol | None = None
+        self.done: asyncio.Event | None
 
     async def run(self, workload) -> None:
         self.done = asyncio.Event()
@@ -318,7 +313,7 @@ class Player:
         codec_type: int,
         vendor_id: int,
         codec_id: int,
-        packet_source: Union[SbcPacketSource, AacPacketSource, OpusPacketSource],
+        packet_source: SbcPacketSource | AacPacketSource | OpusPacketSource,
         codec_capabilities: MediaCodecCapabilities,
     ):
         # Discover all endpoints on the remote device
@@ -384,11 +379,11 @@ class Player:
             print(f">>> {color(address.to_string(False), 'yellow')}:")
             print(f"  Device Class (raw): {class_of_device:06X}")
             major_class_name = DeviceClass.major_device_class_name(major_device_class)
-            print("  Device Major Class: " f"{major_class_name}")
+            print(f"  Device Major Class: {major_class_name}")
             minor_class_name = DeviceClass.minor_device_class_name(
                 major_device_class, minor_device_class
             )
-            print("  Device Minor Class: " f"{minor_class_name}")
+            print(f"  Device Minor Class: {minor_class_name}")
             print(
                 "  Device Services: "
                 f"{', '.join(DeviceClass.service_class_labels(service_classes))}"
@@ -423,7 +418,7 @@ class Player:
     async def play(
         self,
         device: Device,
-        address: Optional[str],
+        address: str | None,
         audio_format: str,
         audio_file: str,
     ) -> None:
@@ -452,7 +447,7 @@ class Player:
                     return input_file.read(byte_count)
 
                 # Obtain the codec capabilities from the stream
-                packet_source: Union[SbcPacketSource, AacPacketSource, OpusPacketSource]
+                packet_source: SbcPacketSource | AacPacketSource | OpusPacketSource
                 vendor_id = 0
                 codec_id = 0
                 if audio_format == "sbc":

apps/rfcomm_bridge.py

@@ -17,19 +17,13 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
 import time
-from typing import Optional
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, DeviceConfiguration, Connection
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import transport
-from bumble import utils
 import bumble.logging
-
+from bumble import core, hci, rfcomm, transport, utils
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -87,14 +81,14 @@ class ServerBridge:
     def __init__(
         self, channel: int, uuid: str, trace: bool, tcp_host: str, tcp_port: int
     ) -> None:
-        self.device: Optional[Device] = None
+        self.device: Device | None = None
         self.channel = channel
         self.uuid = uuid
         self.tcp_host = tcp_host
         self.tcp_port = tcp_port
-        self.rfcomm_channel: Optional[rfcomm.DLC] = None
-        self.tcp_tracer: Optional[Tracer]
-        self.rfcomm_tracer: Optional[Tracer]
+        self.rfcomm_channel: rfcomm.DLC | None = None
+        self.tcp_tracer: Tracer | None
+        self.rfcomm_tracer: Tracer | None
 
         if trace:
             self.tcp_tracer = Tracer(color("RFCOMM->TCP", "cyan"))
@@ -247,14 +241,14 @@ class ClientBridge:
         self.tcp_port = tcp_port
         self.authenticate = authenticate
         self.encrypt = encrypt
-        self.device: Optional[Device] = None
-        self.connection: Optional[Connection] = None
-        self.rfcomm_client: Optional[rfcomm.Client]
-        self.rfcomm_mux: Optional[rfcomm.Multiplexer]
+        self.device: Device | None = None
+        self.connection: Connection | None = None
+        self.rfcomm_client: rfcomm.Client | None
+        self.rfcomm_mux: rfcomm.Multiplexer | None
         self.tcp_connected: bool = False
 
-        self.tcp_tracer: Optional[Tracer]
-        self.rfcomm_tracer: Optional[Tracer]
+        self.tcp_tracer: Tracer | None
+        self.rfcomm_tracer: Tracer | None
 
         if trace:
             self.tcp_tracer = Tracer(color("RFCOMM->TCP", "cyan"))

apps/scan.py

@@ -16,16 +16,17 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
+
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
+from bumble import data_types
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.device import Advertisement, Device
+from bumble.hci import HCI_LE_1M_PHY, HCI_LE_CODED_PHY, Address, HCI_Constant
 from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.smp import AddressResolver
-from bumble.device import Advertisement
-from bumble.hci import Address, HCI_Constant, HCI_LE_1M_PHY, HCI_LE_CODED_PHY
-import bumble.logging
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -94,13 +95,22 @@ class AdvertisementPrinter:
         else:
             phy_info = ''
 
+        details = separator.join(
+            [
+                data_type.to_string(use_label=True)
+                for data_type in data_types.data_types_from_advertising_data(
+                    advertisement.data
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+
         print(
             f'>>> {color(address, address_color)} '
             f'[{color(address_type_string, type_color)}]{address_qualifier}'
             f'{resolution_qualifier}:{separator}'
             f'{phy_info}'
             f'RSSI:{advertisement.rssi:4} {rssi_bar}{separator}'
-            f'{advertisement.data.to_string(separator)}\n'
+            f'{details}\n'
         )
 
     def on_advertisement(self, advertisement):
@@ -207,9 +217,7 @@ async def scan(
 @click.option(
     '--irk',
     metavar='<IRK_HEX>:<ADDRESS>',
-    help=(
-        'Use this IRK for resolving private addresses ' '(may be used more than once)'
-    ),
+    help=('Use this IRK for resolving private addresses (may be used more than once)'),
     multiple=True,
 )
 @click.option(

apps/show.py

@@ -22,12 +22,11 @@ import struct
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.transport.common import PacketReader
-from bumble.helpers import PacketTracer
 import bumble.logging
-
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.helpers import PacketTracer
+from bumble.transport.common import PacketReader
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging

apps/speaker/speaker.py

@@ -16,49 +16,48 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import asyncio.subprocess
-from importlib import resources
 import enum
 import json
 import logging
 import pathlib
 import subprocess
-from typing import Optional
 import weakref
+from importlib import resources
 
-import click
 import aiohttp
+import click
 from aiohttp import web
 
 import bumble
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import PhysicalTransport, CommandTimeoutError
-from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
-from bumble.hci import HCI_StatusError
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
-from bumble.sdp import ServiceAttribute
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
+import bumble.logging
+from bumble.a2dp import (
+    A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
+    A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
+    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
+    AacMediaCodecInformation,
+    OpusMediaCodecInformation,
+    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
+    make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records,
+)
 from bumble.avdtp import (
     AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
     Listener,
     MediaCodecCapabilities,
     Protocol,
 )
-from bumble.a2dp import (
-    make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records,
-    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
-    A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
-    A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
-    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
-    AacMediaCodecInformation,
-    OpusMediaCodecInformation,
-)
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 from bumble.codecs import AacAudioRtpPacket
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import CommandTimeoutError, PhysicalTransport
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
+from bumble.hci import HCI_StatusError
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
-import bumble.logging
-
+from bumble.sdp import ServiceAttribute
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -156,7 +155,7 @@ class QueuedOutput(Output):
 
     packets: asyncio.Queue
     extractor: AudioExtractor
-    packet_pump_task: Optional[asyncio.Task]
+    packet_pump_task: asyncio.Task | None
     started: bool
 
     def __init__(self, extractor):
@@ -230,8 +229,8 @@ class WebSocketOutput(QueuedOutput):
 class FfplayOutput(QueuedOutput):
     MAX_QUEUE_SIZE = 32768
 
-    subprocess: Optional[asyncio.subprocess.Process]
-    ffplay_task: Optional[asyncio.Task]
+    subprocess: asyncio.subprocess.Process | None
+    ffplay_task: asyncio.Task | None
 
     def __init__(self, codec: str) -> None:
         super().__init__(AudioExtractor.create(codec))

apps/unbond.py

@@ -16,12 +16,13 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
+
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.device import Device
 from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.logging
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

apps/usb_probe.py

@@ -29,10 +29,9 @@
 import click
 import usb1
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.transport.usb import load_libusb
-import bumble.logging
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants

bumble/a2dp.py

@@ -17,37 +17,37 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Awaitable, Callable
-from typing_extensions import ClassVar, Self
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import ClassVar
 
+from typing_extensions import Self
 
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.codecs import AacAudioRtpPacket
 from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
-from bumble.sdp import (
-    DataElement,
-    ServiceAttribute,
-    SDP_PUBLIC_BROWSE_ROOT,
-    SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_SERVICE_RECORD_HANDLE_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_SERVICE_CLASS_ID_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-)
 from bumble.core import (
-    BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
-    BT_AUDIO_SOURCE_SERVICE,
-    BT_AUDIO_SINK_SERVICE,
-    BT_AVDTP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_ADVANCED_AUDIO_DISTRIBUTION_SERVICE,
+    BT_AUDIO_SINK_SERVICE,
+    BT_AUDIO_SOURCE_SERVICE,
+    BT_AVDTP_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     name_or_number,
 )
 from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
-
+from bumble.sdp import (
+    SDP_BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_PUBLIC_BROWSE_ROOT,
+    SDP_SERVICE_CLASS_ID_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_SERVICE_RECORD_HANDLE_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    DataElement,
+    ServiceAttribute,
+)
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -60,19 +60,18 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # fmt: off
 
-A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE            = 0x00
-A2DP_MPEG_1_2_AUDIO_CODEC_TYPE = 0x01
-A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE   = 0x02
-A2DP_ATRAC_FAMILY_CODEC_TYPE   = 0x03
-A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE       = 0xFF
+class CodecType(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    SBC            = 0x00
+    MPEG_1_2_AUDIO = 0x01
+    MPEG_2_4_AAC   = 0x02
+    ATRAC_FAMILY   = 0x03
+    NON_A2DP       = 0xFF
 
-A2DP_CODEC_TYPE_NAMES = {
-    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE:            'A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE',
-    A2DP_MPEG_1_2_AUDIO_CODEC_TYPE: 'A2DP_MPEG_1_2_AUDIO_CODEC_TYPE',
-    A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE:   'A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE',
-    A2DP_ATRAC_FAMILY_CODEC_TYPE:   'A2DP_ATRAC_FAMILY_CODEC_TYPE',
-    A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE:       'A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE'
-}
+A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE            = CodecType.SBC
+A2DP_MPEG_1_2_AUDIO_CODEC_TYPE = CodecType.MPEG_1_2_AUDIO
+A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE   = CodecType.MPEG_2_4_AAC
+A2DP_ATRAC_FAMILY_CODEC_TYPE   = CodecType.ATRAC_FAMILY
+A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE       = CodecType.NON_A2DP
 
 
 SBC_SYNC_WORD = 0x9C
@@ -260,9 +259,48 @@ def make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records(service_record_handle, version=(1, 3)):
     ]
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class MediaCodecInformation:
+    '''Base Media Codec Information.'''
+
+    @classmethod
+    def create(
+        cls, media_codec_type: int, data: bytes
+    ) -> MediaCodecInformation | bytes:
+        if media_codec_type == CodecType.SBC:
+            return SbcMediaCodecInformation.from_bytes(data)
+        elif media_codec_type == CodecType.MPEG_2_4_AAC:
+            return AacMediaCodecInformation.from_bytes(data)
+        elif media_codec_type == CodecType.NON_A2DP:
+            vendor_media_codec_information = (
+                VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation.from_bytes(data)
+            )
+            if (
+                vendor_class_map := A2DP_VENDOR_MEDIA_CODEC_INFORMATION_CLASSES.get(
+                    vendor_media_codec_information.vendor_id
+                )
+            ) and (
+                media_codec_information_class := vendor_class_map.get(
+                    vendor_media_codec_information.codec_id
+                )
+            ):
+                return media_codec_information_class.from_bytes(
+                    vendor_media_codec_information.value
+                )
+        return vendor_media_codec_information
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self:
+        del data  # Unused.
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        raise NotImplementedError
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @dataclasses.dataclass
-class SbcMediaCodecInformation:
+class SbcMediaCodecInformation(MediaCodecInformation):
     '''
     A2DP spec - 4.3.2 Codec Specific Information Elements
     '''
@@ -346,7 +384,7 @@ class SbcMediaCodecInformation:
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @dataclasses.dataclass
-class AacMediaCodecInformation:
+class AacMediaCodecInformation(MediaCodecInformation):
     '''
     A2DP spec - 4.5.2 Codec Specific Information Elements
     '''
@@ -428,7 +466,7 @@ class AacMediaCodecInformation:
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation:
+class VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation(MediaCodecInformation):
     '''
     A2DP spec - 4.7.2 Codec Specific Information Elements
     '''
@@ -452,7 +490,7 @@ class VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation:
                 'VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation(',
                 f'  vendor_id: {self.vendor_id:08X} ({name_or_number(COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS, self.vendor_id & 0xFFFF)})',
                 f'  codec_id:  {self.codec_id:04X}',
-                f'  value:     {self.value.hex()}' ')',
+                f'  value:     {self.value.hex()})',
             ]
         )
 
@@ -648,7 +686,7 @@ class SbcPacketSource:
                     # Prepare for next packets
                     sequence_number += 1
                     sequence_number &= 0xFFFF
-                    sample_count += sum((frame.sample_count for frame in frames))
+                    sample_count += sum(frame.sample_count for frame in frames)
                     frames = [frame]
                     frames_size = len(frame.payload)
                 else:

bumble/at.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import Union
 
 from bumble import core
 
@@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ def tokenize_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
 
         if in_quotes:
             token.extend(char)
-            if char == b'\"':
+            if char == b'"':
                 in_quotes = False
                 tokens.append(token[1:-1])
                 token = bytearray()
@@ -63,18 +62,18 @@ def tokenize_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
     return [bytes(token) for token in tokens if len(token) > 0]
 
 
-def parse_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[Union[bytes, list]]:
+def parse_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[bytes | list]:
     """Parse the parameters using the comma and parenthesis separators.
     Raises AtParsingError in case of invalid input string."""
 
     tokens = tokenize_parameters(buffer)
     accumulator: list[list] = [[]]
-    current: Union[bytes, list] = bytes()
+    current: bytes | list = b''
 
     for token in tokens:
         if token == b',':
             accumulator[-1].append(current)
-            current = bytes()
+            current = b''
         elif token == b'(':
             accumulator.append([])
         elif token == b')':

bumble/att.py

@@ -24,24 +24,26 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import dataclasses
 import enum
 import functools
 import inspect
 import struct
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
 from typing import (
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    TypeVar,
-    Union,
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    ClassVar,
+    Generic,
+    TypeAlias,
+    TypeVar,
 )
 
+from typing_extensions import TypeIs
 
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble.core import UUID, name_or_number, InvalidOperationError, ProtocolError
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Object, key_with_value
+from bumble import hci, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidOperationError, ProtocolError
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Object
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -51,6 +53,14 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 
 _T = TypeVar('_T')
 
+Bearer: TypeAlias = "Connection | l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannel"
+EnhancedBearer: TypeAlias = l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannel
+
+
+def is_enhanced_bearer(bearer: Bearer) -> TypeIs[EnhancedBearer]:
+    return isinstance(bearer, EnhancedBearer)
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -59,97 +69,68 @@ _T = TypeVar('_T')
 
 ATT_CID = 0x04
 ATT_PSM = 0x001F
+EATT_PSM = 0x0027
 
-ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE              = 0x01
-ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST        = 0x02
-ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE       = 0x03
-ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST    = 0x04
-ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE   = 0x05
-ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST  = 0x06
-ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE = 0x07
-ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST        = 0x08
-ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE       = 0x09
-ATT_READ_REQUEST                = 0x0A
-ATT_READ_RESPONSE               = 0x0B
-ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST           = 0x0C
-ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE          = 0x0D
-ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST       = 0x0E
-ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE      = 0x0F
-ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST  = 0x10
-ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE = 0x11
-ATT_WRITE_REQUEST               = 0x12
-ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE              = 0x13
-ATT_WRITE_COMMAND               = 0x52
-ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND        = 0xD2
-ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x16
-ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x17
-ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x18
-ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x19
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION   = 0x1B
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION     = 0x1D
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION   = 0x1E
-
-ATT_PDU_NAMES = {
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:              'ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST:        'ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST',
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE:       'ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST:    'ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST',
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE:   'ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST:  'ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE: 'ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST:        'ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE:       'ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_REQUEST:                'ATT_READ_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_RESPONSE:               'ATT_READ_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST:           'ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE:          'ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST:       'ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST:  'ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE: 'ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST:               'ATT_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE:              'ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_WRITE_COMMAND:               'ATT_WRITE_COMMAND',
-    ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND:        'ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND',
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST:       'ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST:       'ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION:   'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION:     'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION:   'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION'
-}
+class Opcode(hci.SpecableEnum):
+    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE              = 0x01
+    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST        = 0x02
+    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE       = 0x03
+    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST    = 0x04
+    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE   = 0x05
+    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST  = 0x06
+    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE = 0x07
+    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST        = 0x08
+    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE       = 0x09
+    ATT_READ_REQUEST                = 0x0A
+    ATT_READ_RESPONSE               = 0x0B
+    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST           = 0x0C
+    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE          = 0x0D
+    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST       = 0x0E
+    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE      = 0x0F
+    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST  = 0x10
+    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE = 0x11
+    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST               = 0x12
+    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE              = 0x13
+    ATT_WRITE_COMMAND               = 0x52
+    ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND        = 0xD2
+    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x16
+    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x17
+    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x18
+    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x19
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION   = 0x1B
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION     = 0x1D
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION   = 0x1E
 
 ATT_REQUESTS = [
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST,
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST,
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST
+    Opcode.ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_WRITE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST
 ]
 
 ATT_RESPONSES = [
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE
+    Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE
 ]
 
-class ErrorCode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+class ErrorCode(hci.SpecableEnum):
     '''
     See
 
@@ -204,10 +185,6 @@ ATT_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES_ERROR           = ErrorCode.INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES
 ATT_DEFAULT_MTU = 23
 
 HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC    = {'size': 2, 'mapper': lambda x: f'0x{x:04X}'}
-# pylint: disable-next=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda
-UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC = lambda x, y: UUID.parse_uuid(x, y)
-# pylint: disable-next=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda
-UUID_2_FIELD_SPEC    = lambda x, y: UUID.parse_uuid_2(x, y)  # noqa: E731
 
 # fmt: on
 # pylint: enable=line-too-long
@@ -227,7 +204,7 @@ class ATT_Error(ProtocolError):
         super().__init__(
             error_code,
             error_namespace='att',
-            error_name=ATT_PDU.error_name(error_code),
+            error_name=ErrorCode(error_code).name,
         )
         self.att_handle = att_handle
         self.message = message
@@ -242,61 +219,45 @@ class ATT_Error(ProtocolError):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Attribute Protocol
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_PDU:
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.3 ATTRIBUTE PDU
     '''
 
-    pdu_classes: dict[int, type[ATT_PDU]] = {}
-    op_code = 0
-    name: str
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(pdu):
-        op_code = pdu[0]
-
-        cls = ATT_PDU.pdu_classes.get(op_code)
-        if cls is None:
-            instance = ATT_PDU(pdu)
-            instance.name = ATT_PDU.pdu_name(op_code)
-            instance.op_code = op_code
-            return instance
-        self = cls.__new__(cls)
-        ATT_PDU.__init__(self, pdu)
-        if hasattr(self, 'fields'):
-            self.init_from_bytes(pdu, 1)
-        return self
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def pdu_name(op_code):
-        return name_or_number(ATT_PDU_NAMES, op_code, 2)
+    pdu_classes: ClassVar[dict[int, type[ATT_PDU]]] = {}
+    fields: ClassVar[hci.Fields] = ()
+    op_code: int = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+    name: str = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+    _payload: bytes | None = dataclasses.field(default=None, init=False)
 
     @classmethod
-    def error_name(cls, error_code: int) -> str:
-        return ErrorCode(error_code).name
+    def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> ATT_PDU:
+        op_code = pdu[0]
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def subclass(fields):
-        def inner(cls):
-            cls.name = cls.__name__.upper()
-            cls.op_code = key_with_value(ATT_PDU_NAMES, cls.name)
-            if cls.op_code is None:
-                raise KeyError(f'PDU name {cls.name} not found in ATT_PDU_NAMES')
-            cls.fields = fields
+        subclass = ATT_PDU.pdu_classes.get(op_code)
+        if subclass is None:
+            instance = ATT_PDU()
+            instance.op_code = op_code
+            instance.payload = pdu[1:]
+            instance.name = Opcode(op_code).name
+            return instance
+        instance = subclass(**HCI_Object.dict_from_bytes(pdu, 1, subclass.fields))
+        instance.payload = pdu[1:]
+        return instance
 
-            # Register a factory for this class
-            ATT_PDU.pdu_classes[cls.op_code] = cls
+    _PDU = TypeVar("_PDU", bound="ATT_PDU")
 
-            return cls
+    @classmethod
+    def subclass(cls, subclass: type[_PDU]) -> type[_PDU]:
+        subclass.name = subclass.__name__.upper()
+        subclass.op_code = Opcode[subclass.name]
+        subclass.fields = HCI_Object.fields_from_dataclass(subclass)
 
-        return inner
+        # Register a factory for this class
+        ATT_PDU.pdu_classes[subclass.op_code] = subclass
 
-    def __init__(self, pdu=None, **kwargs):
-        if hasattr(self, 'fields') and kwargs:
-            HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
-        if pdu is None:
-            pdu = bytes([self.op_code]) + HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(kwargs, self.fields)
-        self.pdu = pdu
+        return subclass
 
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
@@ -309,67 +270,91 @@ class ATT_PDU:
     def has_authentication_signature(self):
         return ((self.op_code >> 7) & 1) == 1
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.pdu
+    @property
+    def payload(self) -> bytes:
+        if self._payload is None:
+            self._payload = HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
+        return self._payload
+
+    @payload.setter
+    def payload(self, value: bytes):
+        self._payload = value
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes([self.op_code]) + self.payload
 
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
             result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(self.__dict__, fields, '  ')
         else:
-            if len(self.pdu) > 1:
-                result += f': {self.pdu.hex()}'
+            if self.payload:
+                result += f': {self.payload.hex()}'
         return result
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('request_opcode_in_error', {'size': 1, 'mapper': ATT_PDU.pdu_name}),
-        ('attribute_handle_in_error', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('error_code', {'size': 1, 'mapper': ATT_PDU.error_name}),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Error_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.1.1 Error Response
     '''
 
+    request_opcode_in_error: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata(1))
+    attribute_handle_in_error: int = dataclasses.field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)
+    )
+    error_code: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=ErrorCode.type_metadata(1))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('client_rx_mtu', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.2.1 Exchange MTU Request
     '''
 
+    client_rx_mtu: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('server_rx_mtu', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Exchange_MTU_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.2.2 Exchange MTU Response
     '''
 
+    server_rx_mtu: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_Information_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.1 Find Information Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('format', 1), ('information_data', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.2 Find Information Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_information_data(self):
+    format: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    information_data: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    information: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.information = []
         offset = 0
         uuid_size = 2 if self.format == 1 else 16
@@ -379,14 +364,6 @@ class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.information.append((handle, uuid))
             offset += 2 + uuid_size
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_information_data()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_information_data()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -408,28 +385,31 @@ class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_type', UUID_2_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.3 Find By Type Value Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid_2))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('handles_information_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.4 Find By Type Value Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_handles_information_list(self):
+    handles_information_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    handles_information: list[tuple[int, int]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.handles_information = []
         offset = 0
         while offset + 4 <= len(self.handles_information_list):
@@ -439,14 +419,6 @@ class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.handles_information.append((found_attribute_handle, group_end_handle))
             offset += 4
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_handles_information_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_handles_information_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -470,27 +442,31 @@ class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_type', UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.1 Read By Type Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('length', 1), ('attribute_data_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.2 Read By Type Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_attribute_data_list(self):
+    length: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    attribute_data_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    attributes: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.attributes = []
         offset = 0
         while self.length != 0 and offset + self.length <= len(
@@ -505,14 +481,6 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.attributes.append((attribute_handle, attribute_value))
             offset += self.length
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -534,75 +502,100 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.3 Read Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.4 Read Response
     '''
 
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('value_offset', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Blob_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.5 Read Blob Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('part_attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Blob_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.6 Read Blob Response
     '''
 
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('set_of_handles', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Multiple_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.7 Read Multiple Request
     '''
 
+    set_of_handles: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('set_of_values', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Multiple_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.8 Read Multiple Response
     '''
 
+    set_of_values: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_group_type', UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.9 Read by Group Type Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_group_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid)
+    )
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('length', 1), ('attribute_data_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.10 Read by Group Type Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_attribute_data_list(self):
+    length: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    attribute_data_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    attributes: list[tuple[int, int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.attributes = []
         offset = 0
         while self.length != 0 and offset + self.length <= len(
@@ -619,14 +612,6 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
             )
             offset += self.length
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -651,15 +636,20 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.1 Write Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.2 Write Response
@@ -667,65 +657,70 @@ class ATT_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Command(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.3 Write Command
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_value', '*'),
-        # ('authentication_signature', 'TODO')
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Signed_Write_Command(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.4 Signed Write Command
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    # TODO: authentication_signature
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('value_offset', 2),
-        ('part_attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Prepare_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.1 Prepare Write Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
-    [
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('value_offset', 2),
-        ('part_attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Prepare_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.2 Prepare Write Response
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([("flags", 1)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Execute_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.3 Execute Write Request
     '''
 
+    flags: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Execute_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.4 Execute Write Response
@@ -733,23 +728,32 @@ class ATT_Execute_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Notification(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.1 Handle Value Notification
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Indication(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.2 Handle Value Indication
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.3 Handle Value Confirmation
@@ -765,31 +769,66 @@ class AttributeValue(Generic[_T]):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        read: Union[
-            Callable[[Connection], _T],
-            Callable[[Connection], Awaitable[_T]],
-            None,
-        ] = None,
-        write: Union[
-            Callable[[Connection, _T], None],
-            Callable[[Connection, _T], Awaitable[None]],
-            None,
-        ] = None,
+        read: (
+            Callable[[Connection], _T] | Callable[[Connection], Awaitable[_T]] | None
+        ) = None,
+        write: (
+            Callable[[Connection, _T], None]
+            | Callable[[Connection, _T], Awaitable[None]]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
     ):
         self._read = read
         self._write = write
 
-    def read(self, connection: Connection) -> Union[_T, Awaitable[_T]]:
+    def read(self, connection: Connection) -> _T | Awaitable[_T]:
         if self._read is None:
             raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no read function')
         return self._read(connection)
 
-    def write(self, connection: Connection, value: _T) -> Union[Awaitable[None], None]:
+    def write(self, connection: Connection, value: _T) -> Awaitable[None] | None:
         if self._write is None:
             raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no write function')
         return self._write(connection, value)
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class AttributeValueV2(Generic[_T]):
+    '''
+    Attribute value compatible with enhanced bearers.
+
+    The only difference between AttributeValue and AttributeValueV2 is that the actual
+    bearer (ACL connection for un-enhanced bearer, L2CAP channel for enhanced bearer)
+    will be passed into read and write callbacks in V2, while in V1 it is always
+    the base ACL connection.
+
+    This is only required when attributes must distinguish bearers, otherwise normal
+    `AttributeValue` objects are also applicable in enhanced bearers.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        read: Callable[[Bearer], Awaitable[_T]] | Callable[[Bearer], _T] | None = None,
+        write: (
+            Callable[[Bearer, _T], Awaitable[None]]
+            | Callable[[Bearer, _T], None]
+            | None
+        ) = None,
+    ):
+        self._read = read
+        self._write = write
+
+    def read(self, bearer: Bearer) -> _T | Awaitable[_T]:
+        if self._read is None:
+            raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no read function')
+        return self._read(bearer)
+
+    def write(self, bearer: Bearer, value: _T) -> Awaitable[None] | None:
+        if self._write is None:
+            raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no write function')
+        return self._write(bearer, value)
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
     class Permissions(enum.IntFlag):
@@ -833,13 +872,13 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
     EVENT_READ = "read"
     EVENT_WRITE = "write"
 
-    value: Union[AttributeValue[_T], _T, None]
+    value: AttributeValue[_T] | _T | None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        attribute_type: Union[str, bytes, UUID],
-        permissions: Union[str, Attribute.Permissions],
-        value: Union[AttributeValue[_T], _T, None] = None,
+        attribute_type: str | bytes | UUID,
+        permissions: str | Attribute.Permissions,
+        value: AttributeValue[_T] | _T | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         utils.EventEmitter.__init__(self)
         self.handle = 0
@@ -865,7 +904,8 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
     def decode_value(self, value: bytes) -> _T:
         return value  # type: ignore
 
-    async def read_value(self, connection: Connection) -> bytes:
+    async def read_value(self, bearer: Bearer) -> bytes:
+        connection = bearer.connection if is_enhanced_bearer(bearer) else bearer
         if (
             (self.permissions & self.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION)
             and connection is not None
@@ -888,7 +928,7 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
                 error_code=ATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHORIZATION_ERROR, att_handle=self.handle
             )
 
-        value: Union[_T, None]
+        value: _T | None
         if isinstance(self.value, AttributeValue):
             try:
                 read_value = self.value.read(connection)
@@ -900,6 +940,17 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
                 raise ATT_Error(
                     error_code=error.error_code, att_handle=self.handle
                 ) from error
+        elif isinstance(self.value, AttributeValueV2):
+            try:
+                read_value = self.value.read(bearer)
+                if inspect.isawaitable(read_value):
+                    value = await read_value
+                else:
+                    value = read_value
+            except ATT_Error as error:
+                raise ATT_Error(
+                    error_code=error.error_code, att_handle=self.handle
+                ) from error
         else:
             value = self.value
 
@@ -907,7 +958,8 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
 
         return b'' if value is None else self.encode_value(value)
 
-    async def write_value(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
+    async def write_value(self, bearer: Bearer, value: bytes) -> None:
+        connection = bearer.connection if is_enhanced_bearer(bearer) else bearer
         if (
             (self.permissions & self.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION)
             and connection is not None
@@ -941,6 +993,15 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
                 raise ATT_Error(
                     error_code=error.error_code, att_handle=self.handle
                 ) from error
+        elif isinstance(self.value, AttributeValueV2):
+            try:
+                result = self.value.write(bearer, decoded_value)
+                if inspect.isawaitable(result):
+                    await result
+            except ATT_Error as error:
+                raise ATT_Error(
+                    error_code=error.error_code, att_handle=self.handle
+                ) from error
         else:
             self.value = decoded_value
 

bumble/audio/io.py

@@ -17,20 +17,17 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import asyncio
 import abc
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+import asyncio
+import concurrent.futures
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
 import pathlib
-from typing import (
-    AsyncGenerator,
-    BinaryIO,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
 import sys
 import wave
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, BinaryIO
 
 from bumble.colors import color
 
@@ -180,7 +177,7 @@ class ThreadedAudioOutput(AudioOutput):
     """
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
+        self._thread_pool = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
         self._pcm_samples: asyncio.Queue[bytes] = asyncio.Queue()
         self._write_task = asyncio.create_task(self._write_loop())
 
@@ -230,8 +227,8 @@ class SoundDeviceAudioOutput(ThreadedAudioOutput):
 
         try:
             self._stream.write(pcm_samples)
-        except Exception as error:
-            print(f'Sound device error: {error}')
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception('Sound device error')
             raise
 
     def _close(self):
@@ -409,7 +406,7 @@ class ThreadedAudioInput(AudioInput):
     """Base class for AudioInput implementation where reading samples may block."""
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
-        self._thread_pool = ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
+        self._thread_pool = concurrent.futures.ThreadPoolExecutor(1)
         self._pcm_samples: asyncio.Queue[bytes] = asyncio.Queue()
 
     @abc.abstractmethod
@@ -549,5 +546,6 @@ class SoundDeviceAudioInput(ThreadedAudioInput):
         return bytes(pcm_buffer)
 
     def _close(self):
-        self._stream.stop()
-        self._stream = None
+        if self._stream:
+            self._stream.stop()
+            self._stream = None

bumble/avc.py

@@ -16,12 +16,11 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import struct
-from typing import Union
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import core, utils
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -166,7 +165,7 @@ class Frame:
 
     def to_bytes(
         self,
-        ctype_or_response: Union[CommandFrame.CommandType, ResponseFrame.ResponseCode],
+        ctype_or_response: CommandFrame.CommandType | ResponseFrame.ResponseCode,
     ) -> bytes:
         # TODO: support extended subunit types and ids.
         return (

bumble/avctp.py

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from enum import IntEnum
+
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Callable, cast, Optional
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from enum import IntEnum
 
+from bumble import core, l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble import avc
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import l2cap
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -137,17 +136,17 @@ class MessageAssembler:
                 self.pid,
                 self.payload,
             )
-        except Exception as error:
-            logger.exception(color(f"!!! exception in callback: {error}", "red"))
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(color("!!! exception in callback", "red"))
 
         self.reset()
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Protocol:
-    CommandHandler = Callable[[int, avc.CommandFrame], None]
+    CommandHandler = Callable[[int, bytes], None]
     command_handlers: dict[int, CommandHandler]  # Command handlers, by PID
-    ResponseHandler = Callable[[int, Optional[avc.ResponseFrame]], None]
+    ResponseHandler = Callable[[int, bytes | None], None]
     response_handlers: dict[int, ResponseHandler]  # Response handlers, by PID
     next_transaction_label: int
     message_assembler: MessageAssembler
@@ -205,20 +204,15 @@ class Protocol:
                 self.send_ipid(transaction_label, pid)
                 return
 
-            command_frame = cast(avc.CommandFrame, avc.Frame.from_bytes(payload))
-            self.command_handlers[pid](transaction_label, command_frame)
+            self.command_handlers[pid](transaction_label, payload)
         else:
             if pid not in self.response_handlers:
                 logger.warning(f"no response handler for PID {pid}")
                 return
 
             # By convention, for an ipid, send a None payload to the response handler.
-            if ipid:
-                response_frame = None
-            else:
-                response_frame = cast(avc.ResponseFrame, avc.Frame.from_bytes(payload))
-
-            self.response_handlers[pid](transaction_label, response_frame)
+            response_payload = None if ipid else payload
+            self.response_handlers[pid](transaction_label, response_payload)
 
     def send_message(
         self,
@@ -263,7 +257,7 @@ class Protocol:
 
     def send_ipid(self, transaction_label: int, pid: int) -> None:
         logger.debug(
-            ">>> AVCTP ipid: " f"transaction_label={transaction_label}, " f"pid={pid}"
+            f">>> AVCTP ipid: transaction_label={transaction_label}, pid={pid}"
         )
         self.send_message(transaction_label, False, True, pid, b'')
 

bumble/codecs.py

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from bumble import core
@@ -161,23 +163,23 @@ class AacAudioRtpPacket:
             cls, reader: BitReader, channel_configuration: int, audio_object_type: int
         ) -> Self:
             # GASpecificConfig - ISO/EIC 14496-3 Table 4.1
-            frame_length_flag = reader.read(1)
+            reader.read(1)  # frame_length_flag
             depends_on_core_coder = reader.read(1)
             if depends_on_core_coder:
-                core_coder_delay = reader.read(14)
+                reader.read(14)  # core_coder_delay
             extension_flag = reader.read(1)
             if not channel_configuration:
                 raise core.InvalidPacketError('program_config_element not supported')
             if audio_object_type in (6, 20):
-                layer_nr = reader.read(3)
+                reader.read(3)  # layer_nr
             if extension_flag:
                 if audio_object_type == 22:
-                    num_of_sub_frame = reader.read(5)
-                layer_length = reader.read(11)
+                    reader.read(5)  # num_of_sub_frame
+                reader.read(11)  # layer_length
                 if audio_object_type in (17, 19, 20, 23):
-                    aac_section_data_resilience_flags = reader.read(1)
-                    aac_scale_factor_data_resilience_flags = reader.read(1)
-                    aac_spectral_data_resilience_flags = reader.read(1)
+                    reader.read(1)  # aac_section_data_resilience_flags
+                    reader.read(1)  # aac_scale_factor_data_resilience_flags
+                    reader.read(1)  # aac_spectral_data_resilience_flags
                 extension_flag_3 = reader.read(1)
                 if extension_flag_3 == 1:
                     raise core.InvalidPacketError('extensionFlag3 == 1 not supported')
@@ -362,10 +364,10 @@ class AacAudioRtpPacket:
             if audio_mux_version_a != 0:
                 raise core.InvalidPacketError('audioMuxVersionA != 0 not supported')
             if audio_mux_version == 1:
-                tara_buffer_fullness = AacAudioRtpPacket.read_latm_value(reader)
-            stream_cnt = 0
-            all_streams_same_time_framing = reader.read(1)
-            num_sub_frames = reader.read(6)
+                AacAudioRtpPacket.read_latm_value(reader)  # tara_buffer_fullness
+            # stream_cnt = 0
+            reader.read(1)  # all_streams_same_time_framing
+            reader.read(6)  # num_sub_frames
             num_program = reader.read(4)
             if num_program != 0:
                 raise core.InvalidPacketError('num_program != 0 not supported')
@@ -389,9 +391,9 @@ class AacAudioRtpPacket:
                 reader.skip(asc_len)
             frame_length_type = reader.read(3)
             if frame_length_type == 0:
-                latm_buffer_fullness = reader.read(8)
+                reader.read(8)  # latm_buffer_fullness
             elif frame_length_type == 1:
-                frame_length = reader.read(9)
+                reader.read(9)  # frame_length
             else:
                 raise core.InvalidPacketError(
                     f'frame_length_type {frame_length_type} not supported'
@@ -411,7 +413,7 @@ class AacAudioRtpPacket:
                             break
             crc_check_present = reader.read(1)
             if crc_check_present:
-                crc_checksum = reader.read(8)
+                reader.read(8)  # crc_checksum
 
             return cls(other_data_present, other_data_len_bits, audio_specific_config)
 

bumble/colors.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@
 # OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
 from functools import partial
-from typing import Optional, Union
 
 
 class ColorError(ValueError):
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ STYLES = (
 )
 
 
-ColorSpec = Union[str, int]
+ColorSpec = str | int
 
 
 def _join(*values: ColorSpec) -> str:
@@ -56,14 +55,14 @@ def _color_code(spec: ColorSpec, base: int) -> str:
     elif isinstance(spec, int) and 0 <= spec <= 255:
         return _join(base + 8, 5, spec)
     else:
-        raise ColorError('Invalid color spec "%s"' % spec)
+        raise ColorError(f'Invalid color spec "{spec}"')
 
 
 def color(
     s: str,
-    fg: Optional[ColorSpec] = None,
-    bg: Optional[ColorSpec] = None,
-    style: Optional[str] = None,
+    fg: ColorSpec | None = None,
+    bg: ColorSpec | None = None,
+    style: str | None = None,
 ) -> str:
     codes: list[ColorSpec] = []
 
@@ -76,10 +75,10 @@ def color(
             if style_part in STYLES:
                 codes.append(STYLES.index(style_part))
             else:
-                raise ColorError('Invalid style "%s"' % style_part)
+                raise ColorError(f'Invalid style "{style_part}"')
 
     if codes:
-        return '\x1b[{0}m{1}\x1b[0m'.format(_join(*codes), s)
+        return f'\x1b[{_join(*codes)}m{s}\x1b[0m'
     else:
         return s
 

bumble/crypto/__init__.py

@@ -22,13 +22,14 @@ import operator
 import secrets
 
 try:
-    from bumble.crypto.cryptography import EccKey, e, aes_cmac
+    from bumble.crypto.cryptography import EccKey, aes_cmac, e
 except ImportError:
     logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
-        "Unable to import cryptography, use built-in primitives."
+        "Unable to import cryptography, using built-in primitives."
     )
-    from bumble.crypto.builtin import EccKey, e, aes_cmac  # type: ignore[assignment]
+    from bumble.crypto.builtin import EccKey, aes_cmac, e  # type: ignore[assignment]
 
+_EccKey = EccKey  # For the linter only
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging

bumble/crypto/builtin.py

@@ -24,12 +24,11 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import copy
 import dataclasses
 import functools
-import copy
 import secrets
 import struct
-from typing import Optional
 
 from bumble import core
 
@@ -85,7 +84,6 @@ class _AES:
     # fmt: on
 
     def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None:
-
         if len(key) not in (16, 24, 32):
             raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'Invalid key size {len(key)}')
 
@@ -112,7 +110,6 @@ class _AES:
         r_con_pointer = 0
         t = kc
         while t < round_key_count:
-
             tt = tk[kc - 1]
             tk[0] ^= (
                 (self._S[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] << 24)
@@ -269,7 +266,6 @@ class _ECB:
 
 
 class _CBC:
-
     def __init__(self, key: bytes, iv: bytes = bytes(16)) -> None:
         if len(iv) != 16:
             raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
@@ -302,7 +298,6 @@ class _CBC:
 
 
 class _CMAC:
-
     def __init__(
         self,
         key: bytes,
@@ -313,7 +308,7 @@ class _CMAC:
         self.digest_size = mac_len
         self._key = key
         self._block_size = bs = 16
-        self._mac_tag: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._mac_tag: bytes | None = None
         self._update_after_digest = update_after_digest
 
         # Section 5.3 of NIST SP 800 38B and Appendix B
@@ -352,7 +347,7 @@ class _CMAC:
         self._last_ct = zero_block
 
         # Last block that was encrypted with AES
-        self._last_pt: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._last_pt: bytes | None = None
 
         # Counter for total message size
         self._data_size = 0
@@ -414,7 +409,6 @@ class _CMAC:
         self._last_pt = _xor(second_last, data_block[-bs:])
 
     def digest(self) -> bytes:
-
         bs = self._block_size
 
         if self._mac_tag is not None and not self._update_after_digest:

bumble/crypto/cryptography.py

@@ -16,11 +16,9 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import functools
 
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import ciphers
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import algorithms
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import modes
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import ciphers, cmac
 from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import cmac
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import algorithms, modes
 
 
 def e(key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:

bumble/decoder.py

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import Union
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -167,12 +166,12 @@ class G722Decoder:
         # The initial value in BLOCK 3H
         self._band[1].det = 8
 
-    def decode_frame(self, encoded_data: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> bytearray:
+    def decode_frame(self, encoded_data: bytes | bytearray) -> bytearray:
         result_array = bytearray(len(encoded_data) * 4)
         self.g722_decode(result_array, encoded_data)
         return result_array
 
-    def g722_decode(self, result_array, encoded_data: Union[bytes, bytearray]) -> int:
+    def g722_decode(self, result_array, encoded_data: bytes | bytearray) -> int:
         """Decode the data frame using g722 decoder."""
         result_length = 0
 

bumble/drivers/__init__.py

@@ -20,12 +20,14 @@ like loading firmware after a cold start.
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import pathlib
 import platform
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from bumble.drivers import rtk, intel
+from bumble.drivers import intel, rtk
 from bumble.drivers.common import Driver
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-async def get_driver_for_host(host: Host) -> Optional[Driver]:
+async def get_driver_for_host(host: Host) -> Driver | None:
     """Probe diver classes until one returns a valid instance for a host, or none is
     found.
     If a "driver" HCI metadata entry is present, only that driver class will be probed.
@@ -48,6 +50,10 @@ async def get_driver_for_host(host: Host) -> Optional[Driver]:
     driver_classes: dict[str, type[Driver]] = {"rtk": rtk.Driver, "intel": intel.Driver}
     probe_list: Iterable[str]
     if driver_name := host.hci_metadata.get("driver"):
+        # The "driver" metadata may include runtime options after a '/' (for example
+        # "intel/ddc=..."). Keep only the base driver name (the portion before the
+        # first slash) so it matches a key in driver_classes (e.g. "intel").
+        driver_name = driver_name.split("/")[0]
         # Only probe a single driver
         probe_list = [driver_name]
     else:

bumble/drivers/intel.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Loosely based on the Fuchsia OS implementation.
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import collections
 import dataclasses
@@ -28,12 +29,10 @@ import os
 import pathlib
 import platform
 import struct
-from typing import Any, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, hci, utils
 from bumble.drivers import common
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import utils
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.host import Host
@@ -354,8 +353,8 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
         self.reset_complete = asyncio.Event()
 
         # Parse configuration options from the driver name.
-        self.ddc_addon: Optional[bytes] = None
-        self.ddc_override: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self.ddc_addon: bytes | None = None
+        self.ddc_override: bytes | None = None
         driver = host.hci_metadata.get("driver")
         if driver is not None and driver.startswith("intel/"):
             for key, value in [
@@ -381,7 +380,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
         if (vendor_id, product_id) not in INTEL_USB_PRODUCTS:
             logger.debug(
-                f"USB device ({vendor_id:04X}, {product_id:04X}) " "not in known list"
+                f"USB device ({vendor_id:04X}, {product_id:04X}) not in known list"
             )
             return False
 
@@ -460,6 +459,10 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             == ModeOfOperation.OPERATIONAL
         ):
             logger.debug("firmware already loaded")
+            # If the firmeare is already loaded, still attempt to load any
+            # device configuration (DDC). DDC can be applied independently of a
+            # firmware reload and may contain runtime overrides or patches.
+            await self.load_ddc_if_any()
             return
 
         # We only support some platforms and variants.
@@ -480,9 +483,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             raise DriverError("insufficient device info, missing CNVI or CNVR")
 
         firmware_base_name = (
-            "ibt-"
-            f"{device_info[ValueType.CNVI]:04X}-"
-            f"{device_info[ValueType.CNVR]:04X}"
+            f"ibt-{device_info[ValueType.CNVI]:04X}-{device_info[ValueType.CNVR]:04X}"
         )
         logger.debug(f"FW base name: {firmware_base_name}")
 
@@ -599,17 +600,39 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
         await self.reset_complete.wait()
         logger.debug("reset complete")
 
-        # Load the device config if there is one.
+        await self.load_ddc_if_any(firmware_base_name)
+
+    async def load_ddc_if_any(self, firmware_base_name: str | None = None) -> None:
+        """
+        Check for and load any Device Data Configuration (DDC) blobs.
+
+        Args:
+            firmware_base_name: Base name of the selected firmware (e.g. "ibt-XXXX-YYYY").
+                                If None, don't attempt to look up a .ddc file that
+                                corresponds to the firmware image.
+        Priority:
+        1. If a ddc_override was provided via driver metadata, use it (highest priority).
+        2. Otherwise, if firmware_base_name is provided, attempt to find a .ddc file
+           that corresponds to the selected firmware image.
+        3. Finally, if a ddc_addon was provided, append/load it after the primary DDC.
+        """
+        # If an explicit DDC override was supplied, use it and skip file lookup.
         if self.ddc_override:
             logger.debug("loading overridden DDC")
             await self.load_device_config(self.ddc_override)
         else:
-            ddc_name = f"{firmware_base_name}.ddc"
-            ddc_path = _find_binary_path(ddc_name)
-            if ddc_path:
-                logger.debug(f"loading DDC from {ddc_path}")
-                ddc_data = ddc_path.read_bytes()
-                await self.load_device_config(ddc_data)
+            # Only attempt .ddc file lookup if a firmware_base_name was provided.
+            if firmware_base_name is None:
+                logger.debug(
+                    "no firmware_base_name provided; skipping .ddc file lookup"
+                )
+            else:
+                ddc_name = f"{firmware_base_name}.ddc"
+                ddc_path = _find_binary_path(ddc_name)
+                if ddc_path:
+                    logger.debug(f"loading DDC from {ddc_path}")
+                    ddc_data = ddc_path.read_bytes()
+                    await self.load_device_config(ddc_data)
         if self.ddc_addon:
             logger.debug("loading DDC addon")
             await self.load_device_config(self.ddc_addon)

bumble/drivers/rtk.py

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ Based on various online bits of information, including the Linux kernel.
 (see `drivers/bluetooth/btrtl.c`)
 """
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Imports
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import asyncio
 import enum
 import logging
@@ -31,9 +27,12 @@ import platform
 import struct
 import weakref
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import hci
+from bumble import core, hci
 from bumble.drivers import common
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -116,12 +115,14 @@ RTK_USB_PRODUCTS = {
     # Realtek 8761BUV
     (0x0B05, 0x190E),
     (0x0BDA, 0x8771),
+    (0x0BDA, 0x877B),
+    (0x0BDA, 0xA728),
+    (0x0BDA, 0xA729),
     (0x2230, 0x0016),
     (0x2357, 0x0604),
     (0x2550, 0x8761),
     (0x2B89, 0x8761),
     (0x7392, 0xC611),
-    (0x0BDA, 0x877B),
     # Realtek 8821AE
     (0x0B05, 0x17DC),
     (0x13D3, 0x3414),
@@ -483,12 +484,27 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
         if (vendor_id, product_id) not in RTK_USB_PRODUCTS:
             logger.debug(
-                f"USB device ({vendor_id:04X}, {product_id:04X}) " "not in known list"
+                f"USB device ({vendor_id:04X}, {product_id:04X}) not in known list"
             )
             return False
 
         return True
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_loaded_firmware_version(host):
+        response = await host.send_command(HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command())
+
+        if response.return_parameters.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
+            return None
+
+        response = await host.send_command(
+            hci.HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command(), check_result=True
+        )
+        return (
+            response.return_parameters.hci_subversion << 16
+            | response.return_parameters.lmp_subversion
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     async def driver_info_for_host(cls, host):
         try:
@@ -592,7 +608,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             )
             if response.return_parameters.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
                 logger.warning("can't get ROM version")
-                return
+                return None
             rom_version = response.return_parameters.version
             logger.debug(f"ROM version before download: {rom_version:04X}")
         else:
@@ -600,13 +616,14 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
         firmware = Firmware(self.firmware)
         logger.debug(f"firmware: project_id=0x{firmware.project_id:04X}")
+        logger.debug(f"firmware: version=0x{firmware.version:04X}")
         for patch in firmware.patches:
             if patch[0] == rom_version + 1:
                 logger.debug(f"using patch {patch[0]}")
                 break
         else:
             logger.warning("no valid patch found for rom version {rom_version}")
-            return
+            return None
 
         # Append the config if there is one.
         if self.config:
@@ -642,7 +659,9 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             logger.warning("can't get ROM version")
         else:
             rom_version = response.return_parameters.version
-            logger.debug(f"ROM version after download: {rom_version:04X}")
+            logger.debug(f"ROM version after download: {rom_version:02X}")
+
+        return firmware.version
 
     async def download_firmware(self):
         if self.driver_info.rom == RTK_ROM_LMP_8723A:

bumble/gap.py

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ import logging
 import struct
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Service,
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_APPEARANCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
+    Service,
 )
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/gatt.py

@@ -23,15 +23,17 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import functools
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Iterable, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import TypeVar
 
+from bumble.att import Attribute, AttributeValue, AttributeValueV2
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import BaseBumbleError, UUID
-from bumble.att import Attribute, AttributeValue
+from bumble.core import UUID, BaseBumbleError
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -226,7 +228,6 @@ GATT_MEDIA_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC                   = UUID.from_16_bits(0x
 GATT_MEDIA_CONTROL_POINT_OPCODES_SUPPORTED_CHARACTERISTIC = UUID.from_16_bits(0x2BA5, 'Media Control Point Opcodes Supported')
 GATT_SEARCH_RESULTS_OBJECT_ID_CHARACTERISTIC              = UUID.from_16_bits(0x2BA6, 'Search Results Object ID')
 GATT_SEARCH_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC                  = UUID.from_16_bits(0x2BA7, 'Search Control Point')
-GATT_CONTENT_CONTROL_ID_CHARACTERISTIC                    = UUID.from_16_bits(0x2BBA, 'Content Control Id')
 
 # Telephone Bearer Service (TBS)
 GATT_BEARER_PROVIDER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC                      = UUID.from_16_bits(0x2BB3, 'Bearer Provider Name')
@@ -355,7 +356,7 @@ class Service(Attribute):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        uuid: Union[str, UUID],
+        uuid: str | UUID,
         characteristics: Iterable[Characteristic],
         primary=True,
         included_services: Iterable[Service] = (),
@@ -378,7 +379,7 @@ class Service(Attribute):
         self.characteristics = list(characteristics)
         self.primary = primary
 
-    def get_advertising_data(self) -> Optional[bytes]:
+    def get_advertising_data(self) -> bytes | None:
         """
         Get Service specific advertising data
         Defined by each Service, default value is empty
@@ -502,10 +503,10 @@ class Characteristic(Attribute[_T]):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        uuid: Union[str, bytes, UUID],
+        uuid: str | bytes | UUID,
         properties: Characteristic.Properties,
-        permissions: Union[str, Attribute.Permissions],
-        value: Union[AttributeValue[_T], _T, None] = None,
+        permissions: str | Attribute.Permissions,
+        value: AttributeValue[_T] | _T | None = None,
         descriptors: Sequence[Descriptor] = (),
     ):
         super().__init__(uuid, permissions, value)
@@ -578,7 +579,7 @@ class Descriptor(Attribute):
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         if isinstance(self.value, bytes):
             value_str = self.value.hex()
-        elif isinstance(self.value, CharacteristicValue):
+        elif isinstance(self.value, (AttributeValue, AttributeValueV2)):
             value_str = '<dynamic>'
         else:
             value_str = '<...>'

bumble/gatt_adapters.py

@@ -20,22 +20,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-import struct
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Literal,
-    Optional,
-    TypeVar,
-)
 
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
+from typing import Any, Generic, Literal, TypeVar
+
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidOperationError
 from bumble.gatt import Characteristic
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
-from bumble import utils
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -82,8 +75,8 @@ class DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(CharacteristicAdapter[_T]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         characteristic: Characteristic,
-        encode: Optional[Callable[[_T], bytes]] = None,
-        decode: Optional[Callable[[bytes], _T]] = None,
+        encode: Callable[[_T], bytes] | None = None,
+        decode: Callable[[bytes], _T] | None = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(characteristic)
         self.encode = encode
@@ -109,8 +102,8 @@ class DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter(CharacteristicProxyAdapter[_T]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         characteristic_proxy: CharacteristicProxy,
-        encode: Optional[Callable[[_T], bytes]] = None,
-        decode: Optional[Callable[[bytes], _T]] = None,
+        encode: Callable[[_T], bytes] | None = None,
+        decode: Callable[[bytes], _T] | None = None,
     ):
         super().__init__(characteristic_proxy)
         self.encode = encode
@@ -369,5 +362,4 @@ class EnumCharacteristicProxyAdapter(CharacteristicProxyAdapter[_T3]):
 
     def decode_value(self, value: bytes) -> _T3:
         int_value = int.from_bytes(value, self.byteorder)
-        a = self.cls(int_value)
         return self.cls(int_value)

bumble/gatt_client.py

@@ -24,67 +24,44 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
+import functools
 import logging
 import struct
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Optional,
-    Union,
-    TypeVar,
     TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Any,
+    Generic,
+    TypeVar,
+    overload,
 )
 
-
+from bumble import att, core, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
-from bumble.att import (
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
-    ATT_CID,
-    ATT_DEFAULT_MTU,
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
-    ATT_PDU,
-    ATT_RESPONSES,
-    ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request,
-    ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request,
-    ATT_Find_Information_Request,
-    ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation,
-    ATT_Read_Blob_Request,
-    ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request,
-    ATT_Read_By_Type_Request,
-    ATT_Read_Request,
-    ATT_Write_Command,
-    ATT_Write_Request,
-    ATT_Error,
-)
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import core
 from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidStateError
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,
+    GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
     GATT_SECONDARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
-    GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     Characteristic,
     ClientCharacteristicConfigurationBits,
     InvalidServiceError,
     TemplateService,
 )
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from bumble import device as device_module
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from bumble.device import Connection
-
 _T = TypeVar('_T')
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -214,7 +191,7 @@ class CharacteristicProxy(AttributeProxy[_T]):
         self.descriptors_discovered = False
         self.subscribers = {}  # Map from subscriber to proxy subscriber
 
-    def get_descriptor(self, descriptor_type: UUID) -> Optional[DescriptorProxy]:
+    def get_descriptor(self, descriptor_type: UUID) -> DescriptorProxy | None:
         for descriptor in self.descriptors:
             if descriptor.type == descriptor_type:
                 return descriptor
@@ -226,7 +203,7 @@ class CharacteristicProxy(AttributeProxy[_T]):
 
     async def subscribe(
         self,
-        subscriber: Optional[Callable[[_T], Any]] = None,
+        subscriber: Callable[[_T], Any] | None = None,
         prefer_notify: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
         if subscriber is not None:
@@ -275,7 +252,7 @@ class ProfileServiceProxy:
     SERVICE_CLASS: type[TemplateService]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_client(cls, client: Client) -> Optional[ProfileServiceProxy]:
+    def from_client(cls, client: Client) -> ProfileServiceProxy | None:
         return ServiceProxy.from_client(cls, client, cls.SERVICE_CLASS.UUID)
 
 
@@ -286,16 +263,14 @@ class Client:
     services: list[ServiceProxy]
     cached_values: dict[int, tuple[datetime, bytes]]
     notification_subscribers: dict[
-        int, set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
+        int, set[CharacteristicProxy | Callable[[bytes], Any]]
     ]
-    indication_subscribers: dict[
-        int, set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
-    ]
-    pending_response: Optional[asyncio.futures.Future[ATT_PDU]]
-    pending_request: Optional[ATT_PDU]
+    indication_subscribers: dict[int, set[CharacteristicProxy | Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
+    pending_response: asyncio.futures.Future[att.ATT_PDU] | None
+    pending_request: att.ATT_PDU | None
 
-    def __init__(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
-        self.connection = connection
+    def __init__(self, bearer: att.Bearer) -> None:
+        self.bearer = bearer
         self.mtu_exchange_done = False
         self.request_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(1)
         self.pending_request = None
@@ -305,21 +280,78 @@ class Client:
         self.services = []
         self.cached_values = {}
 
-        connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, self.on_disconnection)
+        if att.is_enhanced_bearer(bearer):
+            bearer.on(bearer.EVENT_CLOSE, self.on_disconnection)
+            self._bearer_id = (
+                f'[0x{bearer.connection.handle:04X}|CID=0x{bearer.source_cid:04X}]'
+            )
+            # Fill the mtu.
+            bearer.on_att_mtu_update(att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU)
+            self.connection = bearer.connection
+        else:
+            bearer.on(bearer.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, self.on_disconnection)
+            self._bearer_id = f'[0x{bearer.handle:04X}]'
+            self.connection = bearer
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_eatt(
+        cls,
+        connection: device_module.Connection,
+        spec: l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec | None = None,
+    ) -> Client: ...
+
+    @overload
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_eatt(
+        cls,
+        connection: device_module.Connection,
+        spec: l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec | None = None,
+        count: int = 1,
+    ) -> list[Client]: ...
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def connect_eatt(
+        cls,
+        connection: device_module.Connection,
+        spec: l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec | None = None,
+        count: int = 1,
+    ) -> list[Client] | Client:
+        channels = await connection.device.l2cap_channel_manager.create_enhanced_credit_based_channels(
+            connection,
+            spec or l2cap.LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(psm=att.EATT_PSM),
+            count,
+        )
+
+        def on_pdu(client: Client, pdu: bytes):
+            client.on_gatt_pdu(att.ATT_PDU.from_bytes(pdu))
+
+        clients = [cls(channel) for channel in channels]
+        for channel, client in zip(channels, clients):
+            channel.sink = functools.partial(on_pdu, client)
+            channel.att_mtu = att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU
+        return clients[0] if count == 1 else clients
+
+    @property
+    def mtu(self) -> int:
+        return self.bearer.att_mtu
+
+    @mtu.setter
+    def mtu(self, value: int) -> None:
+        self.bearer.on_att_mtu_update(value)
 
     def send_gatt_pdu(self, pdu: bytes) -> None:
-        self.connection.send_l2cap_pdu(ATT_CID, pdu)
+        if att.is_enhanced_bearer(self.bearer):
+            self.bearer.write(pdu)
+        else:
+            self.bearer.send_l2cap_pdu(att.ATT_CID, pdu)
 
-    async def send_command(self, command: ATT_PDU) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'GATT Command from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {command}'
-        )
+    async def send_command(self, command: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
+        logger.debug(f'GATT Command from client: {self._bearer_id} {command}')
         self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(command))
 
-    async def send_request(self, request: ATT_PDU):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'GATT Request from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {request}'
-        )
+    async def send_request(self, request: att.ATT_PDU):
+        logger.debug(f'GATT Request from client: {self._bearer_id} {request}')
 
         # Wait until we can send (only one pending command at a time for the connection)
         response = None
@@ -345,40 +377,41 @@ class Client:
 
         return response
 
-    def send_confirmation(self, confirmation: ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'GATT Confirmation from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] '
-            f'{confirmation}'
-        )
+    def send_confirmation(
+        self, confirmation: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation
+    ) -> None:
+        logger.debug(f'GATT Confirmation from client: {self._bearer_id} {confirmation}')
         self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(confirmation))
 
     async def request_mtu(self, mtu: int) -> int:
         # Check the range
-        if mtu < ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
-            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'MTU must be >= {ATT_DEFAULT_MTU}')
+        if mtu < att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'MTU must be >= {att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU}')
         if mtu > 0xFFFF:
             raise core.InvalidArgumentError('MTU must be <= 0xFFFF')
 
         # We can only send one request per connection
         if self.mtu_exchange_done:
-            return self.connection.att_mtu
+            return self.mtu
 
         # Send the request
         self.mtu_exchange_done = True
-        response = await self.send_request(ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(client_rx_mtu=mtu))
-        if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-            raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+        response = await self.send_request(
+            att.ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(client_rx_mtu=mtu)
+        )
+        if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
 
         # Compute the final MTU
-        self.connection.att_mtu = min(mtu, response.server_rx_mtu)
+        self.mtu = min(mtu, response.server_rx_mtu)
 
-        return self.connection.att_mtu
+        return self.mtu
 
     def get_services_by_uuid(self, uuid: UUID) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         return [service for service in self.services if service.uuid == uuid]
 
     def get_characteristics_by_uuid(
-        self, uuid: UUID, service: Optional[ServiceProxy] = None
+        self, uuid: UUID, service: ServiceProxy | None = None
     ) -> list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
         services = [service] if service else self.services
         return [
@@ -387,13 +420,14 @@ class Client:
             if c.uuid == uuid
         ]
 
-    def get_attribute_grouping(self, attribute_handle: int) -> Optional[
-        Union[
-            ServiceProxy,
-            tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy],
-            tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy, DescriptorProxy],
-        ]
-    ]:
+    def get_attribute_grouping(
+        self, attribute_handle: int
+    ) -> (
+        ServiceProxy
+        | tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy]
+        | tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy, DescriptorProxy]
+        | None
+    ):
         """
         Get the attribute(s) associated with an attribute handle
         """
@@ -432,7 +466,7 @@ class Client:
         services = []
         while starting_handle < 0xFFFF:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=0xFFFF,
                     attribute_group_type=GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -443,14 +477,14 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering services: '
                         f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                     )
-                    raise ATT_Error(
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
                         error_code=response.error_code,
                         message='Unexpected error while discovering services',
                     )
@@ -496,7 +530,7 @@ class Client:
 
         return services
 
-    async def discover_service(self, uuid: Union[str, UUID]) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
+    async def discover_service(self, uuid: str | UUID) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.4.2 Discover Primary Service by Service UUID
         '''
@@ -509,7 +543,7 @@ class Client:
         services = []
         while starting_handle < 0xFFFF:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=0xFFFF,
                     attribute_type=GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -521,8 +555,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering services: '
@@ -578,7 +612,7 @@ class Client:
         included_services: list[ServiceProxy] = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=ending_handle,
                     attribute_type=GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -589,14 +623,14 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering included services: '
                         f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                     )
-                    raise ATT_Error(
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
                         error_code=response.error_code,
                         message='Unexpected error while discovering included services',
                     )
@@ -630,7 +664,7 @@ class Client:
         return included_services
 
     async def discover_characteristics(
-        self, uuids, service: Optional[ServiceProxy]
+        self, uuids, service: ServiceProxy | None
     ) -> list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.6.1 Discover All Characteristics of a Service and 4.6.2
@@ -652,7 +686,7 @@ class Client:
             characteristics: list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = []
             while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
                 response = await self.send_request(
-                    ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                    att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                         starting_handle=starting_handle,
                         ending_handle=ending_handle,
                         attribute_type=GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -663,14 +697,14 @@ class Client:
                     return []
 
                 # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-                if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                    if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                    if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                         # Unexpected end
                         logger.warning(
                             '!!! unexpected error while discovering characteristics: '
                             f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                         )
-                        raise ATT_Error(
+                        raise att.ATT_Error(
                             error_code=response.error_code,
                             message='Unexpected error while discovering characteristics',
                         )
@@ -717,9 +751,9 @@ class Client:
 
     async def discover_descriptors(
         self,
-        characteristic: Optional[CharacteristicProxy] = None,
-        start_handle: Optional[int] = None,
-        end_handle: Optional[int] = None,
+        characteristic: CharacteristicProxy | None = None,
+        start_handle: int | None = None,
+        end_handle: int | None = None,
     ) -> list[DescriptorProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.7.1 Discover All Characteristic Descriptors
@@ -736,7 +770,7 @@ class Client:
         descriptors: list[DescriptorProxy] = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_Information_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_Information_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle, ending_handle=ending_handle
                 )
             )
@@ -745,8 +779,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering descriptors: '
@@ -791,7 +825,7 @@ class Client:
         attributes = []
         while True:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_Information_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_Information_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle, ending_handle=ending_handle
                 )
             )
@@ -799,8 +833,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering attributes: '
@@ -828,7 +862,7 @@ class Client:
     async def subscribe(
         self,
         characteristic: CharacteristicProxy,
-        subscriber: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        subscriber: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
         prefer_notify: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
         # If we haven't already discovered the descriptors for this characteristic,
@@ -878,7 +912,7 @@ class Client:
     async def unsubscribe(
         self,
         characteristic: CharacteristicProxy,
-        subscriber: Optional[Callable[[Any], Any]] = None,
+        subscriber: Callable[[Any], Any] | None = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
         '''
@@ -943,7 +977,7 @@ class Client:
             await self.write_value(cccd, b'\x00\x00', with_response=True)
 
     async def read_value(
-        self, attribute: Union[int, AttributeProxy], no_long_read: bool = False
+        self, attribute: int | AttributeProxy, no_long_read: bool = False
     ) -> bytes:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.8.1 Read Characteristic Value
@@ -954,39 +988,41 @@ class Client:
         # Send a request to read
         attribute_handle = attribute if isinstance(attribute, int) else attribute.handle
         response = await self.send_request(
-            ATT_Read_Request(attribute_handle=attribute_handle)
+            att.ATT_Read_Request(attribute_handle=attribute_handle)
         )
         if response is None:
             raise TimeoutError('read timeout')
-        if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-            raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+        if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
 
         # If the value is the max size for the MTU, try to read more unless the caller
         # specifically asked not to do that
         attribute_value = response.attribute_value
-        if not no_long_read and len(attribute_value) == self.connection.att_mtu - 1:
+        if not no_long_read and len(attribute_value) == self.mtu - 1:
             logger.debug('using READ BLOB to get the rest of the value')
             offset = len(attribute_value)
             while True:
                 response = await self.send_request(
-                    ATT_Read_Blob_Request(
+                    att.ATT_Read_Blob_Request(
                         attribute_handle=attribute_handle, value_offset=offset
                     )
                 )
                 if response is None:
                     raise TimeoutError('read timeout')
-                if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
                     if response.error_code in (
-                        ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
-                        ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
+                        att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
+                        att.ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
                     ):
                         break
-                    raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
+                        error_code=response.error_code, message=response
+                    )
 
                 part = response.part_attribute_value
                 attribute_value += part
 
-                if len(part) < self.connection.att_mtu - 1:
+                if len(part) < self.mtu - 1:
                     break
 
                 offset += len(part)
@@ -996,7 +1032,7 @@ class Client:
         return attribute_value
 
     async def read_characteristics_by_uuid(
-        self, uuid: UUID, service: Optional[ServiceProxy]
+        self, uuid: UUID, service: ServiceProxy | None
     ) -> list[bytes]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.8.2 Read Using Characteristic UUID
@@ -1012,7 +1048,7 @@ class Client:
         characteristics_values = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=ending_handle,
                     attribute_type=uuid,
@@ -1023,8 +1059,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while reading characteristics: '
@@ -1054,7 +1090,7 @@ class Client:
 
     async def write_value(
         self,
-        attribute: Union[int, AttributeProxy],
+        attribute: int | AttributeProxy,
         value: bytes,
         with_response: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
@@ -1069,28 +1105,27 @@ class Client:
         attribute_handle = attribute if isinstance(attribute, int) else attribute.handle
         if with_response:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Write_Request(
+                att.ATT_Write_Request(
                     attribute_handle=attribute_handle, attribute_value=value
                 )
             )
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
         else:
             await self.send_command(
-                ATT_Write_Command(
+                att.ATT_Write_Command(
                     attribute_handle=attribute_handle, attribute_value=value
                 )
             )
 
-    def on_disconnection(self, _) -> None:
+    def on_disconnection(self, *args) -> None:
+        del args  # unused.
         if self.pending_response and not self.pending_response.done():
             self.pending_response.cancel()
 
-    def on_gatt_pdu(self, att_pdu: ATT_PDU) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'GATT Response to client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {att_pdu}'
-        )
-        if att_pdu.op_code in ATT_RESPONSES:
+    def on_gatt_pdu(self, att_pdu: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
+        logger.debug(f'GATT Response to client: {self._bearer_id} {att_pdu}')
+        if att_pdu.op_code in att.ATT_RESPONSES:
             if self.pending_request is None:
                 # Not expected!
                 logger.warning('!!! unexpected response, there is no pending request')
@@ -1098,7 +1133,7 @@ class Client:
 
             # The response should match the pending request unless it is
             # an error response
-            if att_pdu.op_code != ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if att_pdu.op_code != att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
                 expected_response_name = self.pending_request.name.replace(
                     '_REQUEST', '_RESPONSE'
                 )
@@ -1119,14 +1154,15 @@ class Client:
             else:
                 logger.warning(
                     color(
-                        '--- Ignoring GATT Response from '
-                        f'[0x{self.connection.handle:04X}]: ',
+                        '--- Ignoring GATT Response from ' f'{self._bearer_id}: ',
                         'red',
                     )
                     + str(att_pdu)
                 )
 
-    def on_att_handle_value_notification(self, notification):
+    def on_att_handle_value_notification(
+        self, notification: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Notification
+    ):
         # Call all subscribers
         subscribers = self.notification_subscribers.get(
             notification.attribute_handle, set()
@@ -1141,7 +1177,9 @@ class Client:
             else:
                 subscriber.emit(subscriber.EVENT_UPDATE, notification.attribute_value)
 
-    def on_att_handle_value_indication(self, indication):
+    def on_att_handle_value_indication(
+        self, indication: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Indication
+    ):
         # Call all subscribers
         subscribers = self.indication_subscribers.get(
             indication.attribute_handle, set()
@@ -1157,7 +1195,7 @@ class Client:
                 subscriber.emit(subscriber.EVENT_UPDATE, indication.attribute_value)
 
         # Confirm that we received the indication
-        self.send_confirmation(ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation())
+        self.send_confirmation(att.ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation())
 
     def cache_value(self, attribute_handle: int, value: bytes) -> None:
         self.cached_values[attribute_handle] = (

bumble/hci.py

@@ -16,19 +16,27 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import collections
 import dataclasses
-from dataclasses import field
 import enum
 import functools
 import logging
 import secrets
 import struct
-from collections.abc import Sequence
-from typing import Any, Callable, Iterable, Optional, Union, TypeVar, ClassVar, cast
+from collections.abc import Callable, Iterable, Sequence
+from dataclasses import field
+from typing import (
+    Any,
+    ClassVar,
+    Literal,
+    TypeVar,
+    cast,
+)
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble import crypto
+from bumble import crypto, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
     DeviceClass,
@@ -40,8 +48,6 @@ from bumble.core import (
     name_or_number,
     padded_bytes,
 )
-from bumble import utils
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -96,7 +102,7 @@ def map_class_of_device(class_of_device):
     )
 
 
-def phy_list_to_bits(phys: Optional[Iterable[Phy]]) -> int:
+def phy_list_to_bits(phys: Iterable[Phy] | None) -> int:
     if phys is None:
         return 0
 
@@ -109,25 +115,57 @@ def phy_list_to_bits(phys: Optional[Iterable[Phy]]) -> int:
 
 
 class SpecableEnum(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    @classmethod
+    def type_spec(cls, size: int, byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little'):
+        return {
+            'serializer': lambda x: x.to_bytes(size, byteorder),
+            'parser': lambda data, offset: (
+                offset + size,
+                cls(int.from_bytes(data[offset : offset + size], byteorder)),
+            ),
+            'mapper': lambda x: cls(x).name,
+        }
 
     @classmethod
-    def type_spec(cls, size: int):
-        return {'size': size, 'mapper': lambda x: cls(x).name}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def type_metadata(cls, size: int, list_begin: bool = False, list_end: bool = False):
-        return metadata(cls.type_spec(size), list_begin=list_begin, list_end=list_end)
+    def type_metadata(
+        cls,
+        size: int,
+        list_begin: bool = False,
+        list_end: bool = False,
+        byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little',
+    ):
+        return metadata(
+            cls.type_spec(size, byteorder),
+            list_begin=list_begin,
+            list_end=list_end,
+        )
 
 
 class SpecableFlag(enum.IntFlag):
+    @classmethod
+    def type_spec(cls, size: int, byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little'):
+        return {
+            'serializer': lambda x: x.to_bytes(size, byteorder),
+            'parser': lambda data, offset: (
+                offset + size,
+                cls(int.from_bytes(data[offset : offset + size], byteorder)),
+            ),
+            'mapper': lambda x: cls(x).name,
+        }
 
     @classmethod
-    def type_spec(cls, size: int):
-        return {'size': size, 'mapper': lambda x: cls(x).name}
-
-    @classmethod
-    def type_metadata(cls, size: int, list_begin: bool = False, list_end: bool = False):
-        return metadata(cls.type_spec(size), list_begin=list_begin, list_end=list_end)
+    def type_metadata(
+        cls,
+        size: int,
+        list_begin: bool = False,
+        list_end: bool = False,
+        byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little',
+    ):
+        return metadata(
+            cls.type_spec(size, byteorder),
+            list_begin=list_begin,
+            list_end=list_end,
+        )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -142,8 +180,8 @@ class SpecableFlag(enum.IntFlag):
 #   - "v" for variable length bytes with a leading length byte
 # - an integer [1, 4] for 1-byte, 2-byte or 4-byte unsigned little-endian integers
 # - an integer [-2, -1] for 1-byte, 2-byte signed little-endian integers
-FieldSpec = Union[dict[str, Any], Callable[[bytes, int], tuple[int, Any]], str, int]
-Fields = Sequence[Union[tuple[str, FieldSpec], 'Fields']]
+FieldSpec = dict[str, Any] | Callable[[bytes, int], tuple[int, Any]] | str | int
+Fields = Sequence['tuple[str, FieldSpec] | Fields']
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -169,22 +207,44 @@ def metadata(
 
 HCI_VENDOR_OGF = 0x3F
 
-# HCI Version
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B    = 0
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_1     = 1
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_2     = 2
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_0_EDR = 3
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_1_EDR = 4
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_3_0_HS  = 5
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_0     = 6
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_1     = 7
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_2     = 8
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0     = 9
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_1     = 10
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_2     = 11
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3     = 12
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4     = 13
-HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0     = 14
+# Specification Version
+class SpecificationVersion(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B    = 0
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_1     = 1
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_2     = 2
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_0_EDR = 3
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_1_EDR = 4
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_3_0_HS  = 5
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_0     = 6
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_1     = 7
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_2     = 8
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0     = 9
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_1     = 10
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_2     = 11
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3     = 12
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4     = 13
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0     = 14
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_1     = 15
+    BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_2     = 16
+
+# For backwards compatibility only
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B    = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_1     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_1
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_2     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_2
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_0_EDR = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_0_EDR
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_1_EDR = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_2_1_EDR
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_3_0_HS  = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_3_0_HS
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_0     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_0
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_1     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_1
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_2     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_4_2
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_1     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_1
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_2     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_2
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_1     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_1
+HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_2     = SpecificationVersion.BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_2
 
 HCI_VERSION_NAMES = {
     HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B:    'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_1_0B',
@@ -202,9 +262,10 @@ HCI_VERSION_NAMES = {
     HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3:     'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_3',
     HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4:     'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_4',
     HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0:     'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_0',
+    HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_1:     'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_1',
+    HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_2:     'HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_6_2',
 }
 
-# LMP Version
 LMP_VERSION_NAMES = HCI_VERSION_NAMES
 
 # HCI Packet types
@@ -1322,7 +1383,7 @@ class LeFeature(SpecableEnum):
     MONITORING_ADVERTISERS                         = 64
     FRAME_SPACE_UPDATE                             = 65
 
-class LeFeatureMask(enum.IntFlag):
+class LeFeatureMask(utils.CompatibleIntFlag):
     LE_ENCRYPTION                                  = 1 << LeFeature.LE_ENCRYPTION
     CONNECTION_PARAMETERS_REQUEST_PROCEDURE        = 1 << LeFeature.CONNECTION_PARAMETERS_REQUEST_PROCEDURE
     EXTENDED_REJECT_INDICATION                     = 1 << LeFeature.EXTENDED_REJECT_INDICATION
@@ -1463,7 +1524,7 @@ class LmpFeature(SpecableEnum):
     SLOT_AVAILABILITY_MASK                                       = 138
     TRAIN_NUDGING                                                = 139
 
-class LmpFeatureMask(enum.IntFlag):
+class LmpFeatureMask(utils.CompatibleIntFlag):
     # Page 0 (Legacy LMP features)
     LMP_3_SLOT_PACKETS                                           = (1 << LmpFeature.LMP_3_SLOT_PACKETS)
     LMP_5_SLOT_PACKETS                                           = (1 << LmpFeature.LMP_5_SLOT_PACKETS)
@@ -1742,20 +1803,20 @@ class HCI_Object:
 
     @classmethod
     def dict_and_offset_from_bytes(
-        cls, data: bytes, offset: int, fields: Fields
+        cls, data: bytes, offset: int, object_fields: Fields
     ) -> tuple[int, collections.OrderedDict[str, Any]]:
         result = collections.OrderedDict[str, Any]()
-        for field in fields:
-            if isinstance(field, list):
+        for object_field in object_fields:
+            if isinstance(object_field, list):
                 # This is an array field, starting with a 1-byte item count.
                 item_count = data[offset]
                 offset += 1
                 # Set fields first, because item_count might be 0.
-                for sub_field_name, _ in field:
+                for sub_field_name, _ in object_field:
                     result[sub_field_name] = []
 
                 for _ in range(item_count):
-                    for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in field:
+                    for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in object_field:
                         value, size = HCI_Object.parse_field(
                             data, offset, sub_field_type
                         )
@@ -1763,7 +1824,7 @@ class HCI_Object:
                         offset += size
                 continue
 
-            field_name, field_type = field
+            field_name, field_type = object_field
             assert isinstance(field_name, str)
             field_value, field_size = HCI_Object.parse_field(
                 data, offset, cast(FieldSpec, field_type)
@@ -1846,26 +1907,26 @@ class HCI_Object:
         return field_bytes
 
     @staticmethod
-    def dict_to_bytes(hci_object, fields):
+    def dict_to_bytes(hci_object, object_fields):
         result = bytearray()
-        for field in fields:
-            if isinstance(field, list):
+        for object_field in object_fields:
+            if isinstance(object_field, list):
                 # The field is an array. The serialized form starts with a 1-byte
                 # item count. We use the length of the first array field as the
                 # array count, since all array fields have the same number of items.
-                item_count = len(hci_object[field[0][0]])
+                item_count = len(hci_object[object_field[0][0]])
                 result += bytes([item_count]) + b''.join(
                     b''.join(
                         HCI_Object.serialize_field(
                             hci_object[sub_field_name][i], sub_field_type
                         )
-                        for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in field
+                        for sub_field_name, sub_field_type in object_field
                     )
                     for i in range(item_count)
                 )
                 continue
 
-            (field_name, field_type) = field
+            (field_name, field_type) = object_field
             result += HCI_Object.serialize_field(hci_object[field_name], field_type)
 
         return bytes(result)
@@ -1923,15 +1984,15 @@ class HCI_Object:
         )
 
     @staticmethod
-    def format_fields(hci_object, fields, indentation='', value_mappers=None):
-        if not fields:
+    def format_fields(hci_object, object_fields, indentation='', value_mappers=None):
+        if not object_fields:
             return ''
 
         # Build array of formatted key:value pairs
         field_strings = []
-        for field in fields:
-            if isinstance(field, list):
-                for sub_field in field:
+        for object_field in object_fields:
+            if isinstance(object_field, list):
+                for sub_field in object_field:
                     sub_field_name, sub_field_type = sub_field
                     item_count = len(hci_object[sub_field_name])
                     for i in range(item_count):
@@ -1949,7 +2010,7 @@ class HCI_Object:
                         )
                 continue
 
-            field_name, field_type = field
+            field_name, field_type = object_field
             field_value = hci_object[field_name]
             field_strings.append(
                 (
@@ -1972,16 +2033,16 @@ class HCI_Object:
     @classmethod
     def fields_from_dataclass(cls, obj: Any) -> list[Any]:
         stack: list[list[Any]] = [[]]
-        for field in dataclasses.fields(obj):
+        for object_field in dataclasses.fields(obj):
             # Fields without metadata should be ignored.
             if not isinstance(
-                (metadata := field.metadata.get("bumble.hci")), FieldMetadata
+                (metadata := object_field.metadata.get("bumble.hci")), FieldMetadata
             ):
                 continue
             if metadata.list_begin:
                 stack.append([])
             if metadata.spec:
-                stack[-1].append((field.name, metadata.spec))
+                stack[-1].append((object_field.name, metadata.spec))
             if metadata.list_end:
                 top = stack.pop()
                 stack[-1].append(top)
@@ -2114,7 +2175,7 @@ class Address:
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        address: Union[bytes, str],
+        address: bytes | str,
         address_type: AddressType = RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS,
     ) -> None:
         '''
@@ -2135,6 +2196,7 @@ class Address:
             if len(address) == 12 + 5:
                 # Form with ':' separators
                 address = address.replace(':', '')
+
             self.address_bytes = bytes(reversed(bytes.fromhex(address)))
 
         if len(self.address_bytes) != 6:
@@ -2378,9 +2440,9 @@ class HCI_Command(HCI_Packet):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        parameters: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        parameters: bytes | None = None,
         *,
-        op_code: Optional[int] = None,
+        op_code: int | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> None:
         # op_code should be set in cls.
@@ -3396,6 +3458,17 @@ class HCI_Write_Synchronous_Flow_Control_Enable_Command(HCI_Command):
     synchronous_flow_control_enable: int = field(metadata=metadata(1))
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class HCI_Set_Controller_To_Host_Flow_Control_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.3.38 Set Controller To Host Flow Control command
+    '''
+
+    flow_control_enable: int = field(metadata=metadata(1))
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -4293,6 +4366,15 @@ class HCI_LE_Write_Suggested_Default_Data_Length_Command(HCI_Command):
     suggested_max_tx_time: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class HCI_LE_Read_Local_P_256_Public_Key_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.36 LE LE Read Local P-256 Public Key command
+    '''
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -4320,6 +4402,15 @@ class HCI_LE_Clear_Resolving_List_Command(HCI_Command):
     '''
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class HCI_LE_Read_Resolving_List_Size_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.41 LE Read Resolving List Size command
+    '''
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -4983,6 +5074,15 @@ class HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Terminate_Sync_Command(HCI_Command):
     sync_handle: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class HCI_LE_Read_Transmit_Power_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.74 LE Read Transmit Power command
+    '''
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -5257,7 +5357,7 @@ class HCI_LE_BIG_Terminate_Sync_Command(HCI_Command):
 
     return_parameters_fields = [
         ('status', STATUS_SPEC),
-        ('big_handle', 2),
+        ('big_handle', 1),
     ]
 
 
@@ -5633,7 +5733,7 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
     hci_packet_type = HCI_EVENT_PACKET
     event_names: dict[int, str] = {}
     event_classes: dict[int, type[HCI_Event]] = {}
-    vendor_factories: list[Callable[[bytes], Optional[HCI_Event]]] = []
+    vendor_factories: list[Callable[[bytes], HCI_Event | None]] = []
     event_code: int
     fields: Fields = ()
     _parameters: bytes = b''
@@ -5694,14 +5794,12 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
         return event_class
 
     @classmethod
-    def add_vendor_factory(
-        cls, factory: Callable[[bytes], Optional[HCI_Event]]
-    ) -> None:
+    def add_vendor_factory(cls, factory: Callable[[bytes], HCI_Event | None]) -> None:
         cls.vendor_factories.append(factory)
 
     @classmethod
     def remove_vendor_factory(
-        cls, factory: Callable[[bytes], Optional[HCI_Event]]
+        cls, factory: Callable[[bytes], HCI_Event | None]
     ) -> None:
         if factory in cls.vendor_factories:
             cls.vendor_factories.remove(factory)
@@ -5714,7 +5812,7 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
         if len(parameters) != length:
             raise InvalidPacketError('invalid packet length')
 
-        subclass: Optional[type[HCI_Event]]
+        subclass: type[HCI_Event] | None
         if event_code == HCI_LE_META_EVENT:
             # We do this dispatch here and not in the subclass in order to avoid call
             # loops
@@ -5752,9 +5850,9 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        parameters: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        parameters: bytes | None = None,
         *,
-        event_code: Optional[int] = None,
+        event_code: int | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ):
         if event_code is not None:
@@ -5863,9 +5961,7 @@ class HCI_Extended_Event(HCI_Event):
         cls.subevent_names.update(cls.subevent_map(symbols))
 
     @classmethod
-    def subclass_from_parameters(
-        cls, parameters: bytes
-    ) -> Optional[HCI_Extended_Event]:
+    def subclass_from_parameters(cls, parameters: bytes) -> HCI_Extended_Event | None:
         """
         Factory method that parses the subevent code, finds a registered subclass,
         and creates an instance if found.
@@ -5885,9 +5981,9 @@ class HCI_Extended_Event(HCI_Event):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        parameters: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        parameters: bytes | None = None,
         *,
-        subevent_code: Optional[int] = None,
+        subevent_code: int | None = None,
         **kwargs,
     ) -> None:
         if subevent_code is not None:
@@ -6421,7 +6517,9 @@ class HCI_LE_Create_BIG_Complete_Event(HCI_LE_Meta_Event):
     irc: int = field(metadata=metadata(1))
     max_pdu: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
     iso_interval: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
-    connection_handle: int = field(metadata=metadata(2, list_begin=True, list_end=True))
+    connection_handle: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=metadata(2, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6453,7 +6551,9 @@ class HCI_LE_BIG_Sync_Established_Event(HCI_LE_Meta_Event):
     irc: int = field(metadata=metadata(1))
     max_pdu: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
     iso_interval: int = field(metadata=metadata(2))
-    connection_handle: int = field(metadata=metadata(2, list_begin=True, list_end=True))
+    connection_handle: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=metadata(2, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -6879,7 +6979,7 @@ class HCI_Command_Complete_Event(HCI_Event):
     command_opcode: int = field(
         metadata=metadata({'size': 2, 'mapper': HCI_Command.command_name})
     )
-    return_parameters: Union[bytes, HCI_Object, int] = field(metadata=metadata("*"))
+    return_parameters: bytes | HCI_Object | int = field(metadata=metadata("*"))
 
     def map_return_parameters(self, return_parameters):
         '''Map simple 'status' return parameters to their named constant form'''
@@ -7463,20 +7563,20 @@ class HCI_IsoDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
     iso_sdu_fragment: bytes
     pb_flag: int
     ts_flag: int = 0
-    time_stamp: Optional[int] = None
-    packet_sequence_number: Optional[int] = None
-    iso_sdu_length: Optional[int] = None
-    packet_status_flag: Optional[int] = None
+    time_stamp: int | None = None
+    packet_sequence_number: int | None = None
+    iso_sdu_length: int | None = None
+    packet_status_flag: int | None = None
 
     def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.ts_flag = self.time_stamp is not None
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_bytes(packet: bytes) -> HCI_IsoDataPacket:
-        time_stamp: Optional[int] = None
-        packet_sequence_number: Optional[int] = None
-        iso_sdu_length: Optional[int] = None
-        packet_status_flag: Optional[int] = None
+        time_stamp: int | None = None
+        packet_sequence_number: int | None = None
+        iso_sdu_length: int | None = None
+        packet_status_flag: int | None = None
 
         pos = 1
         pdu_info, data_total_length = struct.unpack_from('<HH', packet, pos)
@@ -7559,7 +7659,7 @@ class HCI_IsoDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler:
-    current_data: Optional[bytes]
+    current_data: bytes | None
 
     def __init__(self, callback: Callable[[bytes], Any]) -> None:
         self.callback = callback

bumble/helpers.py

@@ -17,43 +17,36 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 import datetime
-from typing import cast, Any, Optional
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, cast
 
-from bumble import avc
-from bumble import avctp
-from bumble import avdtp
-from bumble import avrcp
-from bumble import crypto
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import sdp
-from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble import avc, avctp, avdtp, avrcp, crypto, rfcomm, sdp
 from bumble.att import ATT_CID, ATT_PDU
-from bumble.smp import SMP_CID, SMP_Command
+from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import name_or_number
-from bumble.l2cap import (
-    CommandCode,
-    L2CAP_PDU,
-    L2CAP_SIGNALING_CID,
-    L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID,
-    L2CAP_Control_Frame,
-    L2CAP_Connection_Request,
-    L2CAP_Connection_Response,
-)
 from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    HCI_EVENT_PACKET,
     HCI_ACL_DATA_PACKET,
     HCI_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE_EVENT,
-    HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler,
-    HCI_Packet,
-    HCI_Event,
+    HCI_EVENT_PACKET,
+    Address,
     HCI_AclDataPacket,
+    HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler,
     HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event,
+    HCI_Event,
+    HCI_Packet,
 )
-
+from bumble.l2cap import (
+    L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID,
+    L2CAP_PDU,
+    L2CAP_SIGNALING_CID,
+    CommandCode,
+    L2CAP_Connection_Request,
+    L2CAP_Connection_Response,
+    L2CAP_Control_Frame,
+)
+from bumble.smp import SMP_CID, SMP_Command
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -77,7 +70,7 @@ AVCTP_PID_NAMES = {avrcp.AVRCP_PID: 'AVRCP'}
 class PacketTracer:
     class AclStream:
         psms: MutableMapping[int, int]
-        peer: Optional[PacketTracer.AclStream]
+        peer: PacketTracer.AclStream | None
         avdtp_assemblers: MutableMapping[int, avdtp.MessageAssembler]
         avctp_assemblers: MutableMapping[int, avctp.MessageAssembler]
 
@@ -208,7 +201,7 @@ class PacketTracer:
             self.label = label
             self.emit_message = emit_message
             self.acl_streams = {}  # ACL streams, by connection handle
-            self.packet_timestamp: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None
+            self.packet_timestamp: datetime.datetime | None = None
 
         def start_acl_stream(self, connection_handle: int) -> PacketTracer.AclStream:
             logger.info(
@@ -237,7 +230,7 @@ class PacketTracer:
                 self.peer.end_acl_stream(connection_handle)
 
         def on_packet(
-            self, timestamp: Optional[datetime.datetime], packet: HCI_Packet
+            self, timestamp: datetime.datetime | None, packet: HCI_Packet
         ) -> None:
             self.packet_timestamp = timestamp
             self.emit(packet)
@@ -269,7 +262,7 @@ class PacketTracer:
         self,
         packet: HCI_Packet,
         direction: int = 0,
-        timestamp: Optional[datetime.datetime] = None,
+        timestamp: datetime.datetime | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if direction == 0:
             self.host_to_controller_analyzer.on_packet(timestamp, packet)

bumble/hfp.py

@@ -17,45 +17,35 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import collections
 import collections.abc
-import logging
-import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-import traceback
+import logging
 import re
-from typing import (
-    Union,
-    Any,
-    Optional,
-    ClassVar,
-    Iterable,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
+import traceback
+from collections.abc import Iterable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble import at
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import sdp
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import at, device, rfcomm, sdp, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    ProtocolError,
     BT_GENERIC_AUDIO_SERVICE,
-    BT_HANDSFREE_SERVICE,
     BT_HANDSFREE_AUDIO_GATEWAY_SERVICE,
+    BT_HANDSFREE_SERVICE,
     BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    ProtocolError,
 )
 from bumble.hci import (
-    HCI_Enhanced_Setup_Synchronous_Connection_Command,
-    CodingFormat,
     CodecID,
+    CodingFormat,
+    HCI_Enhanced_Setup_Synchronous_Connection_Command,
 )
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -91,7 +81,7 @@ class HfpProtocol:
 
         dlc.sink = self.feed
 
-    def feed(self, data: Union[bytes, str]) -> None:
+    def feed(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         # Convert the data to a string if needed
         if isinstance(data, bytes):
             data = data.decode('utf-8')
@@ -335,8 +325,8 @@ class CallInfo:
     status: CallInfoStatus
     mode: CallInfoMode
     multi_party: CallInfoMultiParty
-    number: Optional[str] = None
-    type: Optional[int] = None
+    number: str | None = None
+    type: int | None = None
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -364,10 +354,10 @@ class CallLineIdentification:
 
     number: str
     type: int
-    subaddr: Optional[str] = None
-    satype: Optional[int] = None
-    alpha: Optional[str] = None
-    cli_validity: Optional[int] = None
+    subaddr: str | None = None
+    satype: int | None = None
+    alpha: str | None = None
+    cli_validity: int | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def parse_from(cls, parameters: list[bytes]) -> Self:
@@ -500,9 +490,9 @@ STATUS_CODES = {
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class HfConfiguration:
-    supported_hf_features: list[HfFeature]
-    supported_hf_indicators: list[HfIndicator]
-    supported_audio_codecs: list[AudioCodec]
+    supported_hf_features: collections.abc.Sequence[HfFeature]
+    supported_hf_indicators: collections.abc.Sequence[HfIndicator]
+    supported_audio_codecs: collections.abc.Sequence[AudioCodec]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -595,7 +585,7 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
     indicator: AgIndicator
     supported_values: set[int]
     current_status: int
-    index: Optional[int] = None
+    index: int | None = None
     enabled: bool = True
 
     @property
@@ -608,7 +598,7 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
             supported_values_text = (
                 f'({",".join(str(v) for v in self.supported_values)})'
             )
-        return f'(\"{self.indicator.value}\",{supported_values_text})'
+        return f'("{self.indicator.value}",{supported_values_text})'
 
     @classmethod
     def call(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
@@ -739,7 +729,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
     command_lock: asyncio.Lock
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         response_queue: asyncio.Queue[AtResponse]
-        unsolicited_queue: asyncio.Queue[Optional[AtResponse]]
+        unsolicited_queue: asyncio.Queue[AtResponse | None]
     else:
         response_queue: asyncio.Queue
         unsolicited_queue: asyncio.Queue
@@ -764,7 +754,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         # Build local features.
         self.supported_hf_features = sum(configuration.supported_hf_features)
-        self.supported_audio_codecs = configuration.supported_audio_codecs
+        self.supported_audio_codecs = list(configuration.supported_audio_codecs)
 
         self.hf_indicators = {
             indicator: HfIndicatorState(indicator=indicator)
@@ -831,7 +821,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         cmd: str,
         timeout: float = 1.0,
         response_type: AtResponseType = AtResponseType.NONE,
-    ) -> Union[None, AtResponse, list[AtResponse]]:
+    ) -> None | AtResponse | list[AtResponse]:
         """
         Sends an AT command and wait for the peer response.
         Wait for the AT responses sent by the peer, to the status code.
@@ -1362,7 +1352,7 @@ class AgProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
             logger.warning(f'AG indicator {indicator} is disabled')
 
         indicator_state.current_status = value
-        self.send_response(f'+CIEV: {index+1},{value}')
+        self.send_response(f'+CIEV: {index + 1},{value}')
 
     async def negotiate_codec(self, codec: AudioCodec) -> None:
         """Starts codec negotiation."""
@@ -1422,13 +1412,13 @@ class AgProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.emit(self.EVENT_VOICE_RECOGNITION, VoiceRecognitionState(int(vrec)))
 
     def _on_chld(self, operation_code: bytes) -> None:
-        call_index: Optional[int] = None
+        call_index: int | None = None
         if len(operation_code) > 1:
             call_index = int(operation_code[1:])
             operation_code = operation_code[:1] + b'x'
         try:
             operation = CallHoldOperation(operation_code.decode())
-        except:
+        except Exception:
             logger.error(f'Invalid operation: {operation_code.decode()}')
             self.send_cme_error(CmeError.OPERATION_NOT_SUPPORTED)
             return
@@ -1492,8 +1482,8 @@ class AgProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
     def _on_cmer(
         self,
         mode: bytes,
-        keypad: Optional[bytes] = None,
-        display: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        keypad: bytes | None = None,
+        display: bytes | None = None,
         indicator: bytes = b'',
     ) -> None:
         if (
@@ -1600,7 +1590,7 @@ class AgProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     def _on_clcc(self) -> None:
         for call in self.calls:
-            number_text = f',\"{call.number}\"' if call.number is not None else ''
+            number_text = f',"{call.number}"' if call.number is not None else ''
             type_text = f',{call.type}' if call.type is not None else ''
             response = (
                 f'+CLCC: {call.index}'
@@ -1855,7 +1845,7 @@ def make_ag_sdp_records(
 
 async def find_hf_sdp_record(
     connection: device.Connection,
-) -> Optional[tuple[int, ProfileVersion, HfSdpFeature]]:
+) -> tuple[int, ProfileVersion, HfSdpFeature] | None:
     """Searches a Hands-Free SDP record from remote device.
 
     Args:
@@ -1875,9 +1865,9 @@ async def find_hf_sdp_record(
             ],
         )
         for attribute_lists in search_result:
-            channel: Optional[int] = None
-            version: Optional[ProfileVersion] = None
-            features: Optional[HfSdpFeature] = None
+            channel: int | None = None
+            version: ProfileVersion | None = None
+            features: HfSdpFeature | None = None
             for attribute in attribute_lists:
                 # The layout is [[L2CAP_PROTOCOL], [RFCOMM_PROTOCOL, RFCOMM_CHANNEL]].
                 if attribute.id == sdp.SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID:
@@ -1907,7 +1897,7 @@ async def find_hf_sdp_record(
 
 async def find_ag_sdp_record(
     connection: device.Connection,
-) -> Optional[tuple[int, ProfileVersion, AgSdpFeature]]:
+) -> tuple[int, ProfileVersion, AgSdpFeature] | None:
     """Searches an Audio-Gateway SDP record from remote device.
 
     Args:
@@ -1926,9 +1916,9 @@ async def find_ag_sdp_record(
             ],
         )
         for attribute_lists in search_result:
-            channel: Optional[int] = None
-            version: Optional[ProfileVersion] = None
-            features: Optional[AgSdpFeature] = None
+            channel: int | None = None
+            version: ProfileVersion | None = None
+            features: AgSdpFeature | None = None
             for attribute in attribute_lists:
                 # The layout is [[L2CAP_PROTOCOL], [RFCOMM_PROTOCOL, RFCOMM_CHANNEL]].
                 if attribute.id == sdp.SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID:

bumble/hid.py

@@ -16,22 +16,20 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import logging
-import enum
-import struct
 
+import enum
+import logging
+import struct
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Optional, Callable
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 from typing_extensions import override
 
-from bumble import l2cap
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import device, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidStateError, ProtocolError
 from bumble.hci import Address
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -197,9 +195,9 @@ class SendHandshakeMessage(Message):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HID(ABC, utils.EventEmitter):
-    l2cap_ctrl_channel: Optional[l2cap.ClassicChannel] = None
-    l2cap_intr_channel: Optional[l2cap.ClassicChannel] = None
-    connection: Optional[device.Connection] = None
+    l2cap_ctrl_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel | None = None
+    l2cap_intr_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel | None = None
+    connection: device.Connection | None = None
 
     EVENT_INTERRUPT_DATA = "interrupt_data"
     EVENT_CONTROL_DATA = "control_data"
@@ -214,38 +212,46 @@ class HID(ABC, utils.EventEmitter):
 
     def __init__(self, device: device.Device, role: Role) -> None:
         super().__init__()
-        self.remote_device_bd_address: Optional[Address] = None
+        self.remote_device_bd_address: Address | None = None
         self.device = device
         self.role = role
 
         # Register ourselves with the L2CAP channel manager
-        device.register_l2cap_server(HID_CONTROL_PSM, self.on_l2cap_connection)
-        device.register_l2cap_server(HID_INTERRUPT_PSM, self.on_l2cap_connection)
+        device.create_l2cap_server(
+            l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_CONTROL_PSM), self.on_l2cap_connection
+        )
+        device.create_l2cap_server(
+            l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_INTERRUPT_PSM), self.on_l2cap_connection
+        )
 
         device.on(device.EVENT_CONNECTION, self.on_device_connection)
 
     async def connect_control_channel(self) -> None:
+        if not self.connection:
+            raise InvalidStateError("Connection is not established!")
         # Create a new L2CAP connection - control channel
         try:
-            channel = await self.device.l2cap_channel_manager.connect(
-                self.connection, HID_CONTROL_PSM
+            channel = await self.connection.create_l2cap_channel(
+                l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_CONTROL_PSM)
             )
             channel.sink = self.on_ctrl_pdu
             self.l2cap_ctrl_channel = channel
         except ProtocolError:
-            logging.exception(f'L2CAP connection failed.')
+            logging.exception('L2CAP connection failed.')
             raise
 
     async def connect_interrupt_channel(self) -> None:
+        if not self.connection:
+            raise InvalidStateError("Connection is not established!")
         # Create a new L2CAP connection - interrupt channel
         try:
-            channel = await self.device.l2cap_channel_manager.connect(
-                self.connection, HID_INTERRUPT_PSM
+            channel = await self.connection.create_l2cap_channel(
+                l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_INTERRUPT_PSM)
             )
             channel.sink = self.on_intr_pdu
             self.l2cap_intr_channel = channel
         except ProtocolError:
-            logging.exception(f'L2CAP connection failed.')
+            logging.exception('L2CAP connection failed.')
             raise
 
     async def disconnect_interrupt_channel(self) -> None:
@@ -347,10 +353,10 @@ class Device(HID):
         data: bytes = b''
         status: int = 0
 
-    get_report_cb: Optional[Callable[[int, int, int], GetSetStatus]] = None
-    set_report_cb: Optional[Callable[[int, int, int, bytes], GetSetStatus]] = None
-    get_protocol_cb: Optional[Callable[[], GetSetStatus]] = None
-    set_protocol_cb: Optional[Callable[[int], GetSetStatus]] = None
+    get_report_cb: Callable[[int, int, int], GetSetStatus] | None = None
+    set_report_cb: Callable[[int, int, int, bytes], GetSetStatus] | None = None
+    get_protocol_cb: Callable[[], GetSetStatus] | None = None
+    set_protocol_cb: Callable[[int], GetSetStatus] | None = None
 
     def __init__(self, device: device.Device) -> None:
         super().__init__(device, HID.Role.DEVICE)

bumble/host.py

@@ -16,33 +16,20 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import collections
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
+from collections.abc import Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, cast
 
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Optional,
-    cast,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
-
-
+from bumble import drivers, hci, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import ConnectionPHY, InvalidStateError, PhysicalTransport
 from bumble.l2cap import L2CAP_PDU
 from bumble.snoop import Snooper
-from bumble import drivers
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    ConnectionPHY,
-    ConnectionParameters,
-)
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.transport.common import TransportLostError
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -122,8 +109,7 @@ class DataPacketQueue(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         if self._packets:
             logger.debug(
-                f'{self._in_flight} packets in flight, '
-                f'{len(self._packets)} in queue'
+                f'{self._in_flight} packets in flight, {len(self._packets)} in queue'
             )
 
     def flush(self, connection_handle: int) -> None:
@@ -213,7 +199,7 @@ class Connection:
         self.peer_address = peer_address
         self.assembler = hci.HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler(self.on_acl_pdu)
         self.transport = transport
-        acl_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = (
+        acl_packet_queue: DataPacketQueue | None = (
             host.le_acl_packet_queue
             if transport == PhysicalTransport.LE
             else host.acl_packet_queue
@@ -256,20 +242,18 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     bis_links: dict[int, IsoLink]
     sco_links: dict[int, ScoLink]
     bigs: dict[int, set[int]]
-    acl_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
-    le_acl_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
-    iso_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
-    hci_sink: Optional[TransportSink] = None
+    acl_packet_queue: DataPacketQueue | None = None
+    le_acl_packet_queue: DataPacketQueue | None = None
+    iso_packet_queue: DataPacketQueue | None = None
+    hci_sink: TransportSink | None = None
     hci_metadata: dict[str, Any]
-    long_term_key_provider: Optional[
-        Callable[[int, bytes, int], Awaitable[Optional[bytes]]]
-    ]
-    link_key_provider: Optional[Callable[[hci.Address], Awaitable[Optional[bytes]]]]
+    long_term_key_provider: Callable[[int, bytes, int], Awaitable[bytes | None]] | None
+    link_key_provider: Callable[[hci.Address], Awaitable[bytes | None]] | None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        controller_source: Optional[TransportSource] = None,
-        controller_sink: Optional[TransportSink] = None,
+        controller_source: TransportSource | None = None,
+        controller_sink: TransportSink | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
 
@@ -281,7 +265,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.sco_links = {}  # SCO links, by connection handle
         self.bigs = {}  # BIG Handle to BIS Handles
         self.pending_command = None
-        self.pending_response: Optional[asyncio.Future[Any]] = None
+        self.pending_response: asyncio.Future[Any] | None = None
         self.number_of_supported_advertising_sets = 0
         self.maximum_advertising_data_length = 31
         self.local_version = None
@@ -294,7 +278,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.long_term_key_provider = None
         self.link_key_provider = None
         self.pairing_io_capability_provider = None  # Classic only
-        self.snooper: Optional[Snooper] = None
+        self.snooper: Snooper | None = None
 
         # Connect to the source and sink if specified
         if controller_source:
@@ -305,9 +289,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     def find_connection_by_bd_addr(
         self,
         bd_addr: hci.Address,
-        transport: Optional[int] = None,
+        transport: int | None = None,
         check_address_type: bool = False,
-    ) -> Optional[Connection]:
+    ) -> Connection | None:
         for connection in self.connections.values():
             if bytes(connection.peer_address) == bytes(bd_addr):
                 if (
@@ -564,7 +548,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             logger.debug(
                 'HCI LE flow control: '
                 f'le_acl_data_packet_length={le_acl_data_packet_length},'
-                f'total_num_le_acl_data_packets={total_num_le_acl_data_packets}'
+                f'total_num_le_acl_data_packets={total_num_le_acl_data_packets},'
                 f'iso_data_packet_length={iso_data_packet_length},'
                 f'total_num_iso_data_packets={total_num_iso_data_packets}'
             )
@@ -647,7 +631,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
 
     @property
-    def controller(self) -> Optional[TransportSink]:
+    def controller(self) -> TransportSink | None:
         return self.hci_sink
 
     @controller.setter
@@ -656,7 +640,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         if controller:
             self.set_packet_source(controller)
 
-    def set_packet_sink(self, sink: Optional[TransportSink]) -> None:
+    def set_packet_sink(self, sink: TransportSink | None) -> None:
         self.hci_sink = sink
 
     def set_packet_source(self, source: TransportSource) -> None:
@@ -671,7 +655,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             self.hci_sink.on_packet(bytes(packet))
 
     async def send_command(
-        self, command, check_result=False, response_timeout: Optional[int] = None
+        self, command, check_result=False, response_timeout: int | None = None
     ):
         # Wait until we can send (only one pending command at a time)
         async with self.command_semaphore:
@@ -707,11 +691,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                         raise hci.HCI_Error(status)
 
                 return response
-            except Exception as error:
-                logger.exception(
-                    f'{color("!!! Exception while sending command:", "red")} {error}'
-                )
-                raise error
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception(color("!!! Exception while sending command:", "red"))
+                raise
             finally:
                 self.pending_command = None
                 self.pending_response = None
@@ -723,7 +705,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         asyncio.create_task(send_command(command))
 
-    def send_l2cap_pdu(self, connection_handle: int, cid: int, pdu: bytes) -> None:
+    def send_acl_sdu(self, connection_handle: int, sdu: bytes) -> None:
         if not (connection := self.connections.get(connection_handle)):
             logger.warning(f'connection 0x{connection_handle:04X} not found')
             return
@@ -734,27 +716,24 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
             return
 
-        # Create a PDU
-        l2cap_pdu = bytes(L2CAP_PDU(cid, pdu))
-
         # Send the data to the controller via ACL packets
-        bytes_remaining = len(l2cap_pdu)
-        offset = 0
-        pb_flag = 0
-        while bytes_remaining:
-            data_total_length = min(bytes_remaining, packet_queue.max_packet_size)
+        max_packet_size = packet_queue.max_packet_size
+        for offset in range(0, len(sdu), max_packet_size):
+            pdu = sdu[offset : offset + max_packet_size]
             acl_packet = hci.HCI_AclDataPacket(
                 connection_handle=connection_handle,
-                pb_flag=pb_flag,
+                pb_flag=1 if offset > 0 else 0,
                 bc_flag=0,
-                data_total_length=data_total_length,
-                data=l2cap_pdu[offset : offset + data_total_length],
+                data_total_length=len(pdu),
+                data=pdu,
+            )
+            logger.debug(
+                '>>> ACL packet enqueue: (Handle=0x%04X) %s', connection_handle, pdu
             )
-            logger.debug(f'>>> ACL packet enqueue: (CID={cid}) {acl_packet}')
             packet_queue.enqueue(acl_packet, connection_handle)
-            pb_flag = 1
-            offset += data_total_length
-            bytes_remaining -= data_total_length
+
+    def send_l2cap_pdu(self, connection_handle: int, cid: int, pdu: bytes) -> None:
+        self.send_acl_sdu(connection_handle, bytes(L2CAP_PDU(cid, pdu)))
 
     def get_data_packet_queue(self, connection_handle: int) -> DataPacketQueue | None:
         if connection := self.connections.get(connection_handle):
@@ -918,10 +897,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     def on_l2cap_pdu(self, connection: Connection, cid: int, pdu: bytes) -> None:
         self.emit('l2cap_pdu', connection.handle, cid, pdu)
 
-    def on_command_processed(self, event):
+    def on_command_processed(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event | hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event
+    ):
         if self.pending_response:
             # Check that it is what we were expecting
-            if self.pending_command.op_code != event.command_opcode:
+            if self.pending_command is None:
+                logger.warning('!!! pending_command is None ')
+            elif self.pending_command.op_code != event.command_opcode:
                 logger.warning(
                     '!!! command result mismatch, expected '
                     f'0x{self.pending_command.op_code:X} but got '
@@ -935,10 +918,10 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     ############################################################
     # HCI handlers
     ############################################################
-    def on_hci_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Event):
         logger.warning(f'{color(f"--- Ignoring event {event}", "red")}')
 
-    def on_hci_command_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_command_complete_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event):
         if event.command_opcode == 0:
             # This is used just for the Num_HCI_Command_Packets field, not related to
             # an actual command
@@ -947,7 +930,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         return self.on_command_processed(event)
 
-    def on_hci_command_status_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_command_status_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event):
         return self.on_command_processed(event)
 
     def on_hci_number_of_completed_packets_event(
@@ -967,7 +950,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 )
 
     # Classic only
-    def on_hci_connection_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_connection_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Connection_Request_Event):
         # Notify the listeners
         self.emit(
             'connection_request',
@@ -976,7 +959,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.link_type,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(
+        self,
+        event: (
+            hci.HCI_LE_Connection_Complete_Event
+            | hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_Event
+            | hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event
+        ),
+    ):
         # Check if this is a cancellation
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
@@ -996,20 +986,16 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 self.connections[event.connection_handle] = connection
 
             # Notify the client
-            connection_parameters = ConnectionParameters(
-                event.connection_interval,
-                event.peripheral_latency,
-                event.supervision_timeout,
-            )
             self.emit(
-                'connection',
+                'le_connection',
                 event.connection_handle,
-                PhysicalTransport.LE,
                 event.peer_address,
                 getattr(event, 'local_resolvable_private_address', None),
                 getattr(event, 'peer_resolvable_private_address', None),
                 hci.Role(event.role),
-                connection_parameters,
+                event.connection_interval,
+                event.peripheral_latency,
+                event.supervision_timeout,
             )
         else:
             logger.debug(f'### CONNECTION FAILED: {event.status}')
@@ -1022,15 +1008,25 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(
+        self,
+        event: (
+            hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_Event
+            | hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event
+        ),
+    ):
         # Just use the same implementation as for the non-enhanced event for now
         self.on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_v2_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_v2_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event
+    ):
         # Just use the same implementation as for the v1 event for now
         self.on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_connection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Connection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
             logger.debug(
@@ -1050,14 +1046,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
             # Notify the client
             self.emit(
-                'connection',
+                'classic_connection',
                 event.connection_handle,
-                PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR,
                 event.bd_addr,
-                None,
-                None,
-                None,
-                None,
             )
         else:
             logger.debug(f'### BR/EDR CONNECTION FAILED: {event.status}')
@@ -1070,7 +1061,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_disconnection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_disconnection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Find the connection
         handle = event.connection_handle
         if (
@@ -1109,27 +1102,30 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             # Notify the listeners
             self.emit('disconnection_failure', handle, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_le_connection_update_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_connection_update_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Connection_Update_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! CONNECTION PARAMETERS UPDATE COMPLETE: unknown handle')
             return
 
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
-            connection_parameters = ConnectionParameters(
+            self.emit(
+                'connection_parameters_update',
+                connection.handle,
                 event.connection_interval,
                 event.peripheral_latency,
                 event.supervision_timeout,
             )
-            self.emit(
-                'connection_parameters_update', connection.handle, connection_parameters
-            )
         else:
             self.emit(
                 'connection_parameters_update_failure', connection.handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_phy_update_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_phy_update_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_PHY_Update_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! CONNECTION PHY UPDATE COMPLETE: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1159,7 +1155,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     ):
         self.on_hci_le_advertising_report_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_advertising_set_terminated_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_advertising_set_terminated_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Advertising_Set_Terminated_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'advertising_set_termination',
             event.status,
@@ -1168,7 +1166,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.num_completed_extended_advertising_events,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_established_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Established_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_establishment',
             event.status,
@@ -1180,16 +1180,22 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_lost_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_lost_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Lost_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('periodic_advertising_sync_loss', event.sync_handle)
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_report_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Report_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('periodic_advertising_report', event.sync_handle, event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_biginfo_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_biginfo_advertising_report_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIGInfo_Advertising_Report_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('biginfo_advertising_report', event.sync_handle, event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cis_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cis_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CIS_Request_Event):
         self.emit(
             'cis_request',
             event.acl_connection_handle,
@@ -1198,10 +1204,12 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.cis_id,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_create_big_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_create_big_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Create_BIG_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.bigs[event.big_handle] = set(event.connection_handle)
         if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
-            logger.warning("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+            raise InvalidStateError("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
 
         for connection_handle in event.connection_handle:
             self.bis_links[connection_handle] = IsoLink(
@@ -1224,8 +1232,13 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.iso_interval,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_big_sync_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_big_sync_established_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIG_Sync_Established_Event
+    ):
         self.bigs[event.big_handle] = set(event.connection_handle)
+        if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
+            raise InvalidStateError("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+
         for connection_handle in event.connection_handle:
             self.bis_links[connection_handle] = IsoLink(
                 connection_handle, self.iso_packet_queue
@@ -1245,15 +1258,19 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.connection_handle,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_big_sync_lost_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_big_sync_lost_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIG_Sync_Lost_Event):
         self.remove_big(event.big_handle)
         self.emit('big_sync_lost', event.big_handle, event.reason)
 
-    def on_hci_le_terminate_big_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_terminate_big_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Terminate_BIG_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.remove_big(event.big_handle)
         self.emit('big_termination', event.reason, event.big_handle)
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Transfer_Received_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_transfer',
             event.status,
@@ -1266,7 +1283,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_v2_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_v2_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Transfer_Received_V2_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_transfer',
             event.status,
@@ -1279,11 +1298,11 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_cis_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cis_established_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CIS_Established_Event):
         # The remaining parameters are unused for now.
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
-                logger.warning("CIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+                raise InvalidStateError("CIS established but ISO packets not supported")
             self.cis_links[event.connection_handle] = IsoLink(
                 handle=event.connection_handle, packet_queue=self.iso_packet_queue
             )
@@ -1310,7 +1329,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 'cis_establishment_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_remote_connection_parameter_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_remote_connection_parameter_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Remote_Connection_Parameter_Request_Event
+    ):
         if event.connection_handle not in self.connections:
             logger.warning('!!! REMOTE CONNECTION PARAMETER REQUEST: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1329,7 +1350,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_long_term_key_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_long_term_key_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Long_Term_Key_Request_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! LE LONG TERM KEY REQUEST: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1363,12 +1386,13 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         asyncio.create_task(send_long_term_key())
 
-    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
             logger.debug(
-                f'### SCO CONNECTION: [0x{event.connection_handle:04X}] '
-                f'{event.bd_addr}'
+                f'### SCO CONNECTION: [0x{event.connection_handle:04X}] {event.bd_addr}'
             )
 
             self.sco_links[event.connection_handle] = ScoLink(
@@ -1389,7 +1413,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             # Notify the client
             self.emit('sco_connection_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_changed_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_changed_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Changed_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
     def on_hci_mode_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event):
@@ -1401,7 +1427,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.interval,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_role_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_role_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Role_Change_Event):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             logger.debug(
                 f'role change for {event.bd_addr}: '
@@ -1415,8 +1441,10 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
             self.emit('role_change_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_le_data_length_change_event(self, event):
-        if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
+    def on_hci_le_data_length_change_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Data_Length_Change_Event
+    ):
+        if event.connection_handle not in self.connections:
             logger.warning('!!! DATA LENGTH CHANGE: unknown handle')
             return
 
@@ -1429,7 +1457,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.max_rx_time,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_authentication_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_authentication_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Authentication_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('connection_authentication', event.connection_handle)
@@ -1470,7 +1500,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 'connection_encryption_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_encryption_key_refresh_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_encryption_key_refresh_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Encryption_Key_Refresh_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('connection_encryption_key_refresh', event.connection_handle)
@@ -1481,7 +1513,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_qos_setup_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_qos_setup_complete_event(self, event: hci.HCI_QOS_Setup_Complete_Event):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
                 'connection_qos_setup', event.connection_handle, event.service_type
@@ -1493,23 +1525,31 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_link_supervision_timeout_changed_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_supervision_timeout_changed_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Supervision_Timeout_Changed_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_max_slots_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_max_slots_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Max_Slots_Change_Event):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_page_scan_repetition_mode_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_page_scan_repetition_mode_change_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Page_Scan_Repetition_Mode_Change_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_link_key_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_key_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Key_Notification_Event
+    ):
         logger.debug(
             f'link key for {event.bd_addr}: {event.link_key.hex()}, '
             f'type={hci.HCI_Constant.link_key_type_name(event.key_type)}'
         )
         self.emit('link_key', event.bd_addr, event.link_key, event.key_type)
 
-    def on_hci_simple_pairing_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_simple_pairing_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Simple_Pairing_Complete_Event
+    ):
         logger.debug(
             f'simple pairing complete for {event.bd_addr}: '
             f'status={hci.HCI_Constant.status_name(event.status)}'
@@ -1519,10 +1559,10 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         else:
             self.emit('classic_pairing_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_pin_code_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_pin_code_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_PIN_Code_Request_Event):
         self.emit('pin_code_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_link_key_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_key_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Key_Request_Event):
         async def send_link_key():
             if self.link_key_provider is None:
                 logger.debug('no link key provider')
@@ -1547,10 +1587,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         asyncio.create_task(send_link_key())
 
-    def on_hci_io_capability_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_io_capability_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_IO_Capability_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('authentication_io_capability_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_io_capability_response_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_io_capability_response_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_IO_Capability_Response_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_io_capability_response',
             event.bd_addr,
@@ -1558,25 +1602,33 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.authentication_requirements,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_user_confirmation_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_confirmation_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Confirmation_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_user_confirmation_request',
             event.bd_addr,
             event.numeric_value,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_user_passkey_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_passkey_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Passkey_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('authentication_user_passkey_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_user_passkey_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_passkey_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Passkey_Notification_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_user_passkey_notification', event.bd_addr, event.passkey
         )
 
-    def on_hci_inquiry_complete_event(self, _event):
+    def on_hci_inquiry_complete_event(self, _event: hci.HCI_Inquiry_Complete_Event):
         self.emit('inquiry_complete')
 
-    def on_hci_inquiry_result_with_rssi_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_inquiry_result_with_rssi_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Inquiry_Result_With_RSSI_Event
+    ):
         for bd_addr, class_of_device, rssi in zip(
             event.bd_addr, event.class_of_device, event.rssi
         ):
@@ -1588,7 +1640,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 rssi,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_extended_inquiry_result_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_extended_inquiry_result_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Extended_Inquiry_Result_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'inquiry_result',
             event.bd_addr,
@@ -1597,7 +1651,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.rssi,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_remote_name_request_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_remote_name_request_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Remote_Name_Request_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('remote_name_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
         else:
@@ -1608,14 +1664,18 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
             self.emit('remote_name', event.bd_addr, utf8_name)
 
-    def on_hci_remote_host_supported_features_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_remote_host_supported_features_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Remote_Host_Supported_Features_Notification_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'remote_host_supported_features',
             event.bd_addr,
             event.host_supported_features,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_read_remote_features_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_read_remote_features_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Read_Remote_Features_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
                 'le_remote_features_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
@@ -1627,22 +1687,34 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 int.from_bytes(event.le_features, 'little'),
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_read_remote_supported_capabilities_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_read_remote_supported_capabilities_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Read_Remote_Supported_Capabilities_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_remote_supported_capabilities', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_security_enable_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_security_enable_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Security_Enable_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_security', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_config_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_config_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Config_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_config', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_procedure_enable_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_procedure_enable_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Procedure_Enable_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_procedure', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Subevent_Result_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_subevent_result', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_continue_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_continue_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Subevent_Result_Continue_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_subevent_result_continue', event)
 
     def on_hci_le_subrate_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Subrate_Change_Event):
@@ -1655,5 +1727,5 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.supervision_timeout,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_vendor_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_vendor_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Vendor_Event):
         self.emit('vendor_event', event)

bumble/keys.py

@@ -21,16 +21,18 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
+import json
 import logging
 import os
-import json
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Any
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble import hci
+from bumble.colors import color
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.device import Device
@@ -49,8 +51,8 @@ class PairingKeys:
     class Key:
         value: bytes
         authenticated: bool = False
-        ediv: Optional[int] = None
-        rand: Optional[bytes] = None
+        ediv: int | None = None
+        rand: bytes | None = None
 
         @classmethod
         def from_dict(cls, key_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> PairingKeys.Key:
@@ -72,17 +74,17 @@ class PairingKeys:
 
             return key_dict
 
-    address_type: Optional[hci.AddressType] = None
-    ltk: Optional[Key] = None
-    ltk_central: Optional[Key] = None
-    ltk_peripheral: Optional[Key] = None
-    irk: Optional[Key] = None
-    csrk: Optional[Key] = None
-    link_key: Optional[Key] = None  # Classic
-    link_key_type: Optional[int] = None  # Classic
+    address_type: hci.AddressType | None = None
+    ltk: Key | None = None
+    ltk_central: Key | None = None
+    ltk_peripheral: Key | None = None
+    irk: Key | None = None
+    csrk: Key | None = None
+    link_key: Key | None = None  # Classic
+    link_key_type: int | None = None  # Classic
 
     @classmethod
-    def key_from_dict(cls, keys_dict: dict[str, Any], key_name: str) -> Optional[Key]:
+    def key_from_dict(cls, keys_dict: dict[str, Any], key_name: str) -> Key | None:
         key_dict = keys_dict.get(key_name)
         if key_dict is None:
             return None
@@ -154,7 +156,7 @@ class KeyStore:
     async def update(self, name: str, keys: PairingKeys) -> None:
         pass
 
-    async def get(self, _name: str) -> Optional[PairingKeys]:
+    async def get(self, _name: str) -> PairingKeys | None:
         return None
 
     async def get_all(self) -> list[tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ class JsonKeyStore(KeyStore):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_device(
-        cls: type[Self], device: Device, filename: Optional[str] = None
+        cls: type[Self], device: Device, filename: str | None = None
     ) -> Self:
         if not filename:
             # Extract the filename from the config if there is one
@@ -295,7 +297,7 @@ class JsonKeyStore(KeyStore):
         # Try to open the file, without failing. If the file does not exist, it
         # will be created upon saving.
         try:
-            with open(self.filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as json_file:
+            with open(self.filename, encoding='utf-8') as json_file:
                 db = json.load(json_file)
         except FileNotFoundError:
             db = {}
@@ -346,7 +348,7 @@ class JsonKeyStore(KeyStore):
         key_map.clear()
         await self.save(db)
 
-    async def get(self, name: str) -> Optional[PairingKeys]:
+    async def get(self, name: str) -> PairingKeys | None:
         _, key_map = await self.load()
         if name not in key_map:
             return None
@@ -368,7 +370,7 @@ class MemoryKeyStore(KeyStore):
     async def update(self, name: str, keys: PairingKeys) -> None:
         self.all_keys[name] = keys
 
-    async def get(self, name: str) -> Optional[PairingKeys]:
+    async def get(self, name: str) -> PairingKeys | None:
         return self.all_keys.get(name)
 
     async def get_all(self) -> list[tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:

bumble/link.py

@@ -11,26 +11,20 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
-import asyncio
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    Role,
-    HCI_SUCCESS,
-    HCI_CONNECTION_ACCEPT_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
-    HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_Connection_Complete_Event,
-)
-from bumble import controller
+from bumble import core, hci, ll, lmp
 
-from typing import Optional
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from bumble import controller
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -38,18 +32,6 @@ from typing import Optional
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Utils
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def parse_parameters(params_str):
-    result = {}
-    for param_str in params_str.split(','):
-        if '=' in param_str:
-            key, value = param_str.split('=')
-            result[key] = value
-    return result
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # TODO: add more support for various LL exchanges
 # (see Vol 6, Part B - 2.4 DATA CHANNEL PDU)
@@ -63,37 +45,34 @@ class LocalLink:
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.controllers = set()
-        self.pending_connection = None
         self.pending_classic_connection = None
 
     ############################################################
     # Common utils
     ############################################################
 
-    def add_controller(self, controller):
+    def add_controller(self, controller: controller.Controller):
         logger.debug(f'new controller: {controller}')
         self.controllers.add(controller)
 
-    def remove_controller(self, controller):
+    def remove_controller(self, controller: controller.Controller):
         self.controllers.remove(controller)
 
-    def find_controller(self, address):
+    def find_le_controller(self, address: hci.Address) -> controller.Controller | None:
         for controller in self.controllers:
-            if controller.random_address == address:
-                return controller
+            for connection in controller.le_connections.values():
+                if connection.self_address == address:
+                    return controller
         return None
 
     def find_classic_controller(
-        self, address: Address
-    ) -> Optional[controller.Controller]:
+        self, address: hci.Address
+    ) -> controller.Controller | None:
         for controller in self.controllers:
             if controller.public_address == address:
                 return controller
         return None
 
-    def get_pending_connection(self):
-        return self.pending_connection
-
     ############################################################
     # LE handlers
     ############################################################
@@ -101,16 +80,16 @@ class LocalLink:
     def on_address_changed(self, controller):
         pass
 
-    def send_advertising_data(self, sender_address, data):
-        # Send the advertising data to all controllers, except the sender
-        for controller in self.controllers:
-            if controller.random_address != sender_address:
-                controller.on_link_advertising_data(sender_address, data)
-
-    def send_acl_data(self, sender_controller, destination_address, transport, data):
+    def send_acl_data(
+        self,
+        sender_controller: controller.Controller,
+        destination_address: hci.Address,
+        transport: core.PhysicalTransport,
+        data: bytes,
+    ):
         # Send the data to the first controller with a matching address
         if transport == core.PhysicalTransport.LE:
-            destination_controller = self.find_controller(destination_address)
+            destination_controller = self.find_le_controller(destination_address)
             source_address = sender_controller.random_address
         elif transport == core.PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR:
             destination_controller = self.find_classic_controller(destination_address)
@@ -119,262 +98,52 @@ class LocalLink:
             raise ValueError("unsupported transport type")
 
         if destination_controller is not None:
-            destination_controller.on_link_acl_data(source_address, transport, data)
-
-    def on_connection_complete(self):
-        # Check that we expect this call
-        if not self.pending_connection:
-            logger.warning('on_connection_complete with no pending connection')
-            return
-
-        central_address, le_create_connection_command = self.pending_connection
-        self.pending_connection = None
-
-        # Find the controller that initiated the connection
-        if not (central_controller := self.find_controller(central_address)):
-            logger.warning('!!! Initiating controller not found')
-            return
-
-        # Connect to the first controller with a matching address
-        if peripheral_controller := self.find_controller(
-            le_create_connection_command.peer_address
-        ):
-            central_controller.on_link_peripheral_connection_complete(
-                le_create_connection_command, HCI_SUCCESS
+            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
+                lambda: destination_controller.on_link_acl_data(
+                    source_address, transport, data
+                )
             )
-            peripheral_controller.on_link_central_connected(central_address)
-            return
 
-        # No peripheral found
-        central_controller.on_link_peripheral_connection_complete(
-            le_create_connection_command, HCI_CONNECTION_ACCEPT_TIMEOUT_ERROR
-        )
-
-    def connect(self, central_address, le_create_connection_command):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ CONNECTION {central_address} -> '
-            f'{le_create_connection_command.peer_address}'
-        )
-        self.pending_connection = (central_address, le_create_connection_command)
-        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_connection_complete)
-
-    def on_disconnection_complete(
-        self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command
+    def send_advertising_pdu(
+        self,
+        sender_controller: controller.Controller,
+        packet: ll.AdvertisingPdu,
     ):
-        # Find the controller that initiated the disconnection
-        if not (initiating_controller := self.find_controller(initiating_address)):
-            logger.warning('!!! Initiating controller not found')
-            return
+        loop = asyncio.get_running_loop()
+        for c in self.controllers:
+            if c != sender_controller:
+                loop.call_soon(c.on_ll_advertising_pdu, packet)
 
-        # Disconnect from the first controller with a matching address
-        if target_controller := self.find_controller(target_address):
-            target_controller.on_link_disconnected(
-                initiating_address, disconnect_command.reason
-            )
-
-        initiating_controller.on_link_disconnection_complete(
-            disconnect_command, HCI_SUCCESS
-        )
-
-    def disconnect(self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ DISCONNECTION {initiating_address} -> '
-            f'{target_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
-        )
-        args = [initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command]
-        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_disconnection_complete, *args)
-
-    # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
-    def on_connection_encrypted(
-        self, central_address, peripheral_address, rand, ediv, ltk
+    def send_ll_control_pdu(
+        self,
+        sender_address: hci.Address,
+        receiver_address: hci.Address,
+        packet: ll.ControlPdu,
     ):
-        logger.debug(f'*** ENCRYPTION {central_address} -> {peripheral_address}')
-
-        if central_controller := self.find_controller(central_address):
-            central_controller.on_link_encrypted(peripheral_address, rand, ediv, ltk)
-
-        if peripheral_controller := self.find_controller(peripheral_address):
-            peripheral_controller.on_link_encrypted(central_address, rand, ediv, ltk)
-
-    def create_cis(
-        self,
-        central_controller: controller.Controller,
-        peripheral_address: Address,
-        cig_id: int,
-        cis_id: int,
-    ) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ CIS Request {central_controller.random_address} -> {peripheral_address}'
+        if not (receiver_controller := self.find_le_controller(receiver_address)):
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
+                f"Unable to find controller for address {receiver_address}"
+            )
+        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
+            lambda: receiver_controller.on_ll_control_pdu(sender_address, packet)
         )
-        if peripheral_controller := self.find_controller(peripheral_address):
-            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-                peripheral_controller.on_link_cis_request,
-                central_controller.random_address,
-                cig_id,
-                cis_id,
-            )
-
-    def accept_cis(
-        self,
-        peripheral_controller: controller.Controller,
-        central_address: Address,
-        cig_id: int,
-        cis_id: int,
-    ) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ CIS Accept {peripheral_controller.random_address} -> {central_address}'
-        )
-        if central_controller := self.find_controller(central_address):
-            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-                central_controller.on_link_cis_established, cig_id, cis_id
-            )
-            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-                peripheral_controller.on_link_cis_established, cig_id, cis_id
-            )
-
-    def disconnect_cis(
-        self,
-        initiator_controller: controller.Controller,
-        peer_address: Address,
-        cig_id: int,
-        cis_id: int,
-    ) -> None:
-        logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ CIS Disconnect {initiator_controller.random_address} -> {peer_address}'
-        )
-        if peer_controller := self.find_controller(peer_address):
-            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-                initiator_controller.on_link_cis_disconnected, cig_id, cis_id
-            )
-            asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-                peer_controller.on_link_cis_disconnected, cig_id, cis_id
-            )
 
     ############################################################
     # Classic handlers
     ############################################################
 
-    def classic_connect(self, initiator_controller, responder_address):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'[Classic] {initiator_controller.public_address} connects to {responder_address}'
-        )
-        responder_controller = self.find_classic_controller(responder_address)
-        if responder_controller is None:
-            initiator_controller.on_classic_connection_complete(
-                responder_address, HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR
-            )
-            return
-        self.pending_classic_connection = (initiator_controller, responder_controller)
-
-        responder_controller.on_classic_connection_request(
-            initiator_controller.public_address,
-            HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
-        )
-
-    def classic_accept_connection(
-        self, responder_controller, initiator_address, responder_role
-    ):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'[Classic] {responder_controller.public_address} accepts to connect {initiator_address}'
-        )
-        initiator_controller = self.find_classic_controller(initiator_address)
-        if initiator_controller is None:
-            responder_controller.on_classic_connection_complete(
-                responder_controller.public_address, HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR
-            )
-            return
-
-        async def task():
-            if responder_role != Role.PERIPHERAL:
-                initiator_controller.on_classic_role_change(
-                    responder_controller.public_address, int(not (responder_role))
-                )
-            initiator_controller.on_classic_connection_complete(
-                responder_controller.public_address, HCI_SUCCESS
-            )
-
-        asyncio.create_task(task())
-        responder_controller.on_classic_role_change(
-            initiator_controller.public_address, responder_role
-        )
-        responder_controller.on_classic_connection_complete(
-            initiator_controller.public_address, HCI_SUCCESS
-        )
-        self.pending_classic_connection = None
-
-    def classic_disconnect(self, initiator_controller, responder_address, reason):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'[Classic] {initiator_controller.public_address} disconnects {responder_address}'
-        )
-        responder_controller = self.find_classic_controller(responder_address)
-
-        async def task():
-            initiator_controller.on_classic_disconnected(responder_address, reason)
-
-        asyncio.create_task(task())
-        responder_controller.on_classic_disconnected(
-            initiator_controller.public_address, reason
-        )
-
-    def classic_switch_role(
-        self, initiator_controller, responder_address, initiator_new_role
-    ):
-        responder_controller = self.find_classic_controller(responder_address)
-        if responder_controller is None:
-            return
-
-        async def task():
-            initiator_controller.on_classic_role_change(
-                responder_address, initiator_new_role
-            )
-
-        asyncio.create_task(task())
-        responder_controller.on_classic_role_change(
-            initiator_controller.public_address, int(not (initiator_new_role))
-        )
-
-    def classic_sco_connect(
+    def send_lmp_packet(
         self,
-        initiator_controller: controller.Controller,
-        responder_address: Address,
-        link_type: int,
+        sender_controller: controller.Controller,
+        receiver_address: hci.Address,
+        packet: lmp.Packet,
     ):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'[Classic] {initiator_controller.public_address} connects SCO to {responder_address}'
-        )
-        responder_controller = self.find_classic_controller(responder_address)
-        # Initiator controller should handle it.
-        assert responder_controller
-
-        responder_controller.on_classic_connection_request(
-            initiator_controller.public_address,
-            link_type,
-        )
-
-    def classic_accept_sco_connection(
-        self,
-        responder_controller: controller.Controller,
-        initiator_address: Address,
-        link_type: int,
-    ):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'[Classic] {responder_controller.public_address} accepts to connect SCO {initiator_address}'
-        )
-        initiator_controller = self.find_classic_controller(initiator_address)
-        if initiator_controller is None:
-            responder_controller.on_classic_sco_connection_complete(
-                responder_controller.public_address,
-                HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
-                link_type,
+        if not (receiver_controller := self.find_classic_controller(receiver_address)):
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
+                f"Unable to find controller for address {receiver_address}"
             )
-            return
-
-        async def task():
-            initiator_controller.on_classic_sco_connection_complete(
-                responder_controller.public_address, HCI_SUCCESS, link_type
+        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
+            lambda: receiver_controller.on_lmp_packet(
+                sender_controller.public_address, packet
             )
-
-        asyncio.create_task(task())
-        responder_controller.on_classic_sco_connection_complete(
-            initiator_controller.public_address, HCI_SUCCESS, link_type
         )

bumble/ll.py

@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+# Copyright 2021-2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import dataclasses
+from typing import ClassVar
+
+from bumble import hci
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Advertising PDU
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class AdvertisingPdu:
+    """Base Advertising Physical Channel PDU class.
+
+    See Core Spec 6.0, Volume 6, Part B, 2.3. Advertising physical channel PDU.
+
+    Currently these messages don't really follow the LL spec, because LL protocol is
+    context-aware and we don't have real physical transport.
+    """
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class ConnectInd(AdvertisingPdu):
+    initiator_address: hci.Address
+    advertiser_address: hci.Address
+    interval: int
+    latency: int
+    timeout: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class AdvInd(AdvertisingPdu):
+    advertiser_address: hci.Address
+    data: bytes
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class AdvDirectInd(AdvertisingPdu):
+    advertiser_address: hci.Address
+    target_address: hci.Address
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class AdvNonConnInd(AdvertisingPdu):
+    advertiser_address: hci.Address
+    data: bytes
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class AdvExtInd(AdvertisingPdu):
+    advertiser_address: hci.Address
+    data: bytes
+
+    target_address: hci.Address | None = None
+    adi: int | None = None
+    tx_power: int | None = None
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# LL Control PDU
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ControlPdu:
+    """Base LL Control PDU Class.
+
+    See Core Spec 6.0, Volume 6, Part B, 2.4.2. LL Control PDU.
+
+    Currently these messages don't really follow the LL spec, because LL protocol is
+    context-aware and we don't have real physical transport.
+    """
+
+    class Opcode(hci.SpecableEnum):
+        LL_CONNECTION_UPDATE_IND = 0x00
+        LL_CHANNEL_MAP_IND = 0x01
+        LL_TERMINATE_IND = 0x02
+        LL_ENC_REQ = 0x03
+        LL_ENC_RSP = 0x04
+        LL_START_ENC_REQ = 0x05
+        LL_START_ENC_RSP = 0x06
+        LL_UNKNOWN_RSP = 0x07
+        LL_FEATURE_REQ = 0x08
+        LL_FEATURE_RSP = 0x09
+        LL_PAUSE_ENC_REQ = 0x0A
+        LL_PAUSE_ENC_RSP = 0x0B
+        LL_VERSION_IND = 0x0C
+        LL_REJECT_IND = 0x0D
+        LL_PERIPHERAL_FEATURE_REQ = 0x0E
+        LL_CONNECTION_PARAM_REQ = 0x0F
+        LL_CONNECTION_PARAM_RSP = 0x10
+        LL_REJECT_EXT_IND = 0x11
+        LL_PING_REQ = 0x12
+        LL_PING_RSP = 0x13
+        LL_LENGTH_REQ = 0x14
+        LL_LENGTH_RSP = 0x15
+        LL_PHY_REQ = 0x16
+        LL_PHY_RSP = 0x17
+        LL_PHY_UPDATE_IND = 0x18
+        LL_MIN_USED_CHANNELS_IND = 0x19
+        LL_CTE_REQ = 0x1A
+        LL_CTE_RSP = 0x1B
+        LL_PERIODIC_SYNC_IND = 0x1C
+        LL_CLOCK_ACCURACY_REQ = 0x1D
+        LL_CLOCK_ACCURACY_RSP = 0x1E
+        LL_CIS_REQ = 0x1F
+        LL_CIS_RSP = 0x20
+        LL_CIS_IND = 0x21
+        LL_CIS_TERMINATE_IND = 0x22
+        LL_POWER_CONTROL_REQ = 0x23
+        LL_POWER_CONTROL_RSP = 0x24
+        LL_POWER_CHANGE_IND = 0x25
+        LL_SUBRATE_REQ = 0x26
+        LL_SUBRATE_IND = 0x27
+        LL_CHANNEL_REPORTING_IND = 0x28
+        LL_CHANNEL_STATUS_IND = 0x29
+        LL_PERIODIC_SYNC_WR_IND = 0x2A
+        LL_FEATURE_EXT_REQ = 0x2B
+        LL_FEATURE_EXT_RSP = 0x2C
+        LL_CS_SEC_RSP = 0x2D
+        LL_CS_CAPABILITIES_REQ = 0x2E
+        LL_CS_CAPABILITIES_RSP = 0x2F
+        LL_CS_CONFIG_REQ = 0x30
+        LL_CS_CONFIG_RSP = 0x31
+        LL_CS_REQ = 0x32
+        LL_CS_RSP = 0x33
+        LL_CS_IND = 0x34
+        LL_CS_TERMINATE_REQ = 0x35
+        LL_CS_FAE_REQ = 0x36
+        LL_CS_FAE_RSP = 0x37
+        LL_CS_CHANNEL_MAP_IND = 0x38
+        LL_CS_SEC_REQ = 0x39
+        LL_CS_TERMINATE_RSP = 0x3A
+        LL_FRAME_SPACE_REQ = 0x3B
+        LL_FRAME_SPACE_RSP = 0x3C
+
+    opcode: ClassVar[Opcode]
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class TerminateInd(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_TERMINATE_IND
+
+    error_code: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class EncReq(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_ENC_REQ
+
+    rand: bytes
+    ediv: int
+    ltk: bytes
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CisReq(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_CIS_REQ
+
+    cig_id: int
+    cis_id: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CisRsp(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_CIS_REQ
+
+    cig_id: int
+    cis_id: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CisInd(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_CIS_REQ
+
+    cig_id: int
+    cis_id: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CisTerminateInd(ControlPdu):
+    opcode = ControlPdu.Opcode.LL_CIS_TERMINATE_IND
+
+    cig_id: int
+    cis_id: int
+    error_code: int

bumble/lmp.py

@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+# Copyright 2021-2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import struct
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import TypeVar
+
+from bumble import hci, utils
+
+
+class Opcode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 2, Part C - 5.1 PDU summary.
+
+    Follow the alphabetical order defined there.
+    '''
+
+    # fmt: off
+    LMP_ACCEPTED                    = 3
+    LMP_ACCEPTED_EXT                = 127 << 8 + 1
+    LMP_AU_RAND                     = 11
+    LMP_AUTO_RATE                   = 35
+    LMP_CHANNEL_CLASSIFICATION      = 127 << 8 + 17
+    LMP_CHANNEL_CLASSIFICATION_REQ  = 127 << 8 + 16
+    LMP_CLK_ADJ                     = 127 << 8 + 5
+    LMP_CLK_ADJ_ACK                 = 127 << 8 + 6
+    LMP_CLK_ADJ_REQ                 = 127 << 8 + 7
+    LMP_CLKOFFSET_REQ               = 5
+    LMP_CLKOFFSET_RES               = 6
+    LMP_COMB_KEY                    = 9
+    LMP_DECR_POWER_REQ              = 32
+    LMP_DETACH                      = 7
+    LMP_DHKEY_CHECK                 = 65
+    LMP_ENCAPSULATED_HEADER         = 61
+    LMP_ENCAPSULATED_PAYLOAD        = 62
+    LMP_ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE_MASK_REQ= 58
+    LMP_ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE_MASK_RES= 59
+    LMP_ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE_REQ     = 16
+    LMP_ENCRYPTION_MODE_REQ         = 15
+    LMP_ESCO_LINK_REQ               = 127 << 8 + 12
+    LMP_FEATURES_REQ                = 39
+    LMP_FEATURES_REQ_EXT            = 127 << 8 + 3
+    LMP_FEATURES_RES                = 40
+    LMP_FEATURES_RES_EXT            = 127 << 8 + 4
+    LMP_HOLD                        = 20
+    LMP_HOLD_REQ                    = 21
+    LMP_HOST_CONNECTION_REQ         = 51
+    LMP_IN_RAND                     = 8
+    LMP_INCR_POWER_REQ              = 31
+    LMP_IO_CAPABILITY_REQ           = 127 << 8 + 25
+    LMP_IO_CAPABILITY_RES           = 127 << 8 + 26
+    LMP_KEYPRESS_NOTIFICATION       = 127 << 8 + 30
+    LMP_MAX_POWER                   = 33
+    LMP_MAX_SLOT                    = 45
+    LMP_MAX_SLOT_REQ                = 46
+    LMP_MIN_POWER                   = 34
+    LMP_NAME_REQ                    = 1
+    LMP_NAME_RES                    = 2
+    LMP_NOT_ACCEPTED                = 4
+    LMP_NOT_ACCEPTED_EXT            = 127 << 8 + 2
+    LMP_NUMERIC_COMPARISON_FAILED   = 127 << 8 + 27
+    LMP_OOB_FAILED                  = 127 << 8 + 29
+    LMP_PACKET_TYPE_TABLE_REQ       = 127 << 8 + 11
+    LMP_PAGE_MODE_REQ               = 53
+    LMP_PAGE_SCAN_MODE_REQ          = 54
+    LMP_PASSKEY_FAILED              = 127 << 8 + 28
+    LMP_PAUSE_ENCRYPTION_AES_REQ    = 66
+    LMP_PAUSE_ENCRYPTION_REQ        = 127 << 8 + 23
+    LMP_PING_REQ                    = 127 << 8 + 33
+    LMP_PING_RES                    = 127 << 8 + 34
+    LMP_POWER_CONTROL_REQ           = 127 << 8 + 31
+    LMP_POWER_CONTROL_RES           = 127 << 8 + 32
+    LMP_PREFERRED_RATE              = 36
+    LMP_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE          = 41
+    LMP_QUALITY_OF_SERVICE_REQ      = 42
+    LMP_REMOVE_ESCO_LINK_REQ        = 127 << 8 + 13
+    LMP_REMOVE_SCO_LINK_REQ         = 44
+    LMP_RESUME_ENCRYPTION_REQ       = 127 << 8 + 24
+    LMP_SAM_DEFINE_MAP              = 127 << 8 + 36
+    LMP_SAM_SET_TYPE0               = 127 << 8 + 35
+    LMP_SAM_SWITCH                  = 127 << 8 + 37
+    LMP_SCO_LINK_REQ                = 43
+    LMP_SET_AFH                     = 60
+    LMP_SETUP_COMPLETE              = 49
+    LMP_SIMPLE_PAIRING_CONFIRM      = 63
+    LMP_SIMPLE_PAIRING_NUMBER       = 64
+    LMP_SLOT_OFFSET                 = 52
+    LMP_SNIFF_REQ                   = 23
+    LMP_SNIFF_SUBRATING_REQ         = 127 << 8 + 21
+    LMP_SNIFF_SUBRATING_RES         = 127 << 8 + 22
+    LMP_SRES                        = 12
+    LMP_START_ENCRYPTION_REQ        = 17
+    LMP_STOP_ENCRYPTION_REQ         = 18
+    LMP_SUPERVISION_TIMEOUT         = 55
+    LMP_SWITCH_REQ                  = 19
+    LMP_TEMP_KEY                    = 14
+    LMP_TEMP_RAND                   = 13
+    LMP_TEST_ACTIVATE               = 56
+    LMP_TEST_CONTROL                = 57
+    LMP_TIMING_ACCURACY_REQ         = 47
+    LMP_TIMING_ACCURACY_RES         = 48
+    LMP_UNIT_KEY                    = 10
+    LMP_UNSNIFF_REQ                 = 24
+    LMP_USE_SEMI_PERMANENT_KEY      = 50
+    LMP_VERSION_REQ                 = 37
+    LMP_VERSION_RES                 = 38
+    # fmt: on
+
+    @classmethod
+    def parse_from(cls, data: bytes, offset: int = 0) -> tuple[int, Opcode]:
+        opcode = data[offset]
+        if opcode in (124, 127):
+            opcode = struct.unpack('>H', data)[0]
+            return offset + 2, Opcode(opcode)
+        return offset + 1, Opcode(opcode)
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        if self.value >> 8:
+            return struct.pack('>H', self.value)
+        return bytes([self.value])
+
+    @classmethod
+    def type_metadata(cls):
+        return hci.metadata(
+            {
+                'serializer': bytes,
+                'parser': lambda data, offset: (Opcode.parse_from(data, offset)),
+            }
+        )
+
+
+class Packet:
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 2, Part C - 5.1 PDU summary
+    '''
+
+    subclasses: dict[int, type[Packet]] = {}
+    opcode: Opcode
+    fields: hci.Fields = ()
+    _payload: bytes = b''
+
+    _Packet = TypeVar("_Packet", bound="Packet")
+
+    @classmethod
+    def subclass(cls, subclass: type[_Packet]) -> type[_Packet]:
+        # Register a factory for this class
+        cls.subclasses[subclass.opcode] = subclass
+        subclass.fields = hci.HCI_Object.fields_from_dataclass(subclass)
+
+        return subclass
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Packet:
+        offset, opcode = Opcode.parse_from(data)
+        if not (subclass := cls.subclasses.get(opcode)):
+            instance = Packet()
+            instance.opcode = opcode
+        else:
+            instance = subclass(
+                **hci.HCI_Object.dict_from_bytes(data, offset, subclass.fields)
+            )
+        instance.payload = data[offset:]
+        return instance
+
+    @property
+    def payload(self) -> bytes:
+        if self._payload is None:
+            self._payload = hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
+        return self._payload
+
+    @payload.setter
+    def payload(self, value: bytes) -> None:
+        self._payload = value
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self.opcode) + self.payload
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpAccepted(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_ACCEPTED
+
+    response_opcode: Opcode = field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata())
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpNotAccepted(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_NOT_ACCEPTED
+
+    response_opcode: Opcode = field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata())
+    error_code: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpAcceptedExt(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_ACCEPTED_EXT
+
+    response_opcode: Opcode = field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata())
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpNotAcceptedExt(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_NOT_ACCEPTED_EXT
+
+    response_opcode: Opcode = field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata())
+    error_code: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpAuRand(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_AU_RAND
+
+    random_number: bytes = field(metadata=hci.metadata(16))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpDetach(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_DETACH
+
+    error_code: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpEscoLinkReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_ESCO_LINK_REQ
+
+    esco_handle: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    esco_lt_addr: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    timing_control_flags: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    d_esco: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    t_esco: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    w_esco: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    esco_packet_type_c_to_p: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    esco_packet_type_p_to_c: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    packet_length_c_to_p: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    packet_length_p_to_c: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    air_mode: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    negotiation_state: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpHostConnectionReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_HOST_CONNECTION_REQ
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpRemoveEscoLinkReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_REMOVE_ESCO_LINK_REQ
+
+    esco_handle: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    error_code: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpRemoveScoLinkReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_REMOVE_SCO_LINK_REQ
+
+    sco_handle: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    error_code: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpScoLinkReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_SCO_LINK_REQ
+
+    sco_handle: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    timing_control_flags: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    d_sco: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    t_sco: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    sco_packet: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    air_mode: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpSwitchReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_SWITCH_REQ
+
+    switch_instant: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(4), default=0)
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpNameReq(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_NAME_REQ
+
+    name_offset: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
+
+@Packet.subclass
+@dataclass
+class LmpNameRes(Packet):
+    opcode = Opcode.LMP_NAME_RES
+
+    name_offset: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    name_length: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(3))
+    name_fregment: bytes = field(metadata=hci.metadata('*'))

bumble/pairing.py

@@ -16,27 +16,27 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 import secrets
-from typing import Optional
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from bumble import hci
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 from bumble.smp import (
-    SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
-    SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY,
-    SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_ENC_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
     SMP_ID_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
-    SMP_SIGN_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
+    SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+    SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_LINK_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
+    SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
+    SMP_SIGN_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
     OobContext,
     OobLegacyContext,
     OobSharedData,
 )
-from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -44,16 +44,16 @@ from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 class OobData:
     """OOB data that can be sent from one device to another."""
 
-    address: Optional[hci.Address] = None
-    role: Optional[LeRole] = None
-    shared_data: Optional[OobSharedData] = None
-    legacy_context: Optional[OobLegacyContext] = None
+    address: hci.Address | None = None
+    role: LeRole | None = None
+    shared_data: OobSharedData | None = None
+    legacy_context: OobLegacyContext | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def from_ad(cls, ad: AdvertisingData) -> OobData:
         instance = cls()
-        shared_data_c: Optional[bytes] = None
-        shared_data_r: Optional[bytes] = None
+        shared_data_c: bytes | None = None
+        shared_data_r: bytes | None = None
         for ad_type, ad_data in ad.ad_structures:
             if ad_type == AdvertisingData.LE_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_ADDRESS:
                 instance.address = hci.Address(ad_data)
@@ -180,14 +180,14 @@ class PairingDelegate:
         """Compare two numbers."""
         return True
 
-    async def get_number(self) -> Optional[int]:
+    async def get_number(self) -> int | None:
         """
         Return an optional number as an answer to a passkey request.
         Returning `None` will result in a negative reply.
         """
         return 0
 
-    async def get_string(self, max_length: int) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def get_string(self, max_length: int) -> str | None:
         """
         Return a string whose utf-8 encoding is up to max_length bytes.
         """
@@ -238,18 +238,18 @@ class PairingConfig:
     class OobConfig:
         """Config for OOB pairing."""
 
-        our_context: Optional[OobContext]
-        peer_data: Optional[OobSharedData]
-        legacy_context: Optional[OobLegacyContext]
+        our_context: OobContext | None
+        peer_data: OobSharedData | None
+        legacy_context: OobLegacyContext | None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         sc: bool = True,
         mitm: bool = True,
         bonding: bool = True,
-        delegate: Optional[PairingDelegate] = None,
-        identity_address_type: Optional[AddressType] = None,
-        oob: Optional[OobConfig] = None,
+        delegate: PairingDelegate | None = None,
+        identity_address_type: AddressType | None = None,
+        oob: OobConfig | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         self.sc = sc
         self.mitm = mitm

bumble/pandora/__init__.py

@@ -19,21 +19,22 @@ This module implement the Pandora Bluetooth test APIs for the Bumble stack.
 
 __version__ = "0.0.1"
 
+from collections.abc import Callable
+
 import grpc
 import grpc.aio
-
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.pandora.device import PandoraDevice
-from bumble.pandora.host import HostService
-from bumble.pandora.l2cap import L2CAPService
-from bumble.pandora.security import SecurityService, SecurityStorageService
 from pandora.host_grpc_aio import add_HostServicer_to_server
 from pandora.l2cap_grpc_aio import add_L2CAPServicer_to_server
 from pandora.security_grpc_aio import (
     add_SecurityServicer_to_server,
     add_SecurityStorageServicer_to_server,
 )
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
+from bumble.pandora.device import PandoraDevice
+from bumble.pandora.host import HostService
+from bumble.pandora.l2cap import L2CAPService
+from bumble.pandora.security import SecurityService, SecurityStorageService
 
 # public symbols
 __all__ = [
@@ -57,7 +58,7 @@ def register_servicer_hook(
 async def serve(
     bumble: PandoraDevice,
     config: Config = Config(),
-    grpc_server: Optional[grpc.aio.Server] = None,
+    grpc_server: grpc.aio.Server | None = None,
     port: int = 0,
 ) -> None:
     # initialize a gRPC server if not provided.

bumble/pandora/config.py

@@ -13,10 +13,12 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Any
 
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
+
 
 @dataclass
 class Config:

bumble/pandora/device.py

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 """Generic & dependency free Bumble (reference) device."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any
+
 from bumble import transport
 from bumble.core import (
     BT_GENERIC_AUDIO_SERVICE,
@@ -32,8 +35,6 @@ from bumble.sdp import (
     DataElement,
     ServiceAttribute,
 )
-from typing import Any, Optional
-
 
 # Default rootcanal HCI TCP address
 ROOTCANAL_HCI_ADDRESS = "localhost:6402"
@@ -53,7 +54,7 @@ class PandoraDevice:
 
     # HCI transport name & instance.
     _hci_name: str
-    _hci: Optional[transport.Transport]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
+    _hci: transport.Transport | None  # type: ignore[name-defined]
 
     def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         self.config = config
@@ -73,7 +74,9 @@ class PandoraDevice:
 
         # open HCI transport & set device host.
         self._hci = await transport.open_transport(self._hci_name)
-        self.device.host = Host(controller_source=self._hci.source, controller_sink=self._hci.sink)  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
+        self.device.host = Host(
+            controller_source=self._hci.source, controller_sink=self._hci.sink
+        )  # type: ignore[no-untyped-call]
 
         # power-on.
         await self.device.power_on()
@@ -95,7 +98,7 @@ class PandoraDevice:
         await self.close()
         await self.open()
 
-    def info(self) -> Optional[dict[str, str]]:
+    def info(self) -> dict[str, str] | None:
         return {
             'public_bd_address': str(self.device.public_address),
             'random_address': str(self.device.random_address),

bumble/pandora/host.py

@@ -13,51 +13,26 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import bumble.device
-import grpc
-import grpc.aio
 import logging
 import struct
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from typing import cast
 
-import bumble.utils
-from bumble.pandora import utils
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    UUID,
-    AdvertisingData,
-    Appearance,
-    ConnectionError,
+import grpc
+import grpc.aio
+from google.protobuf import (
+    any_pb2,  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
+    empty_pb2,  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 )
-from bumble.device import (
-    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_INTERVAL,
-    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
-    Advertisement,
-    AdvertisingParameters,
-    AdvertisingEventProperties,
-    AdvertisingType,
-    Device,
-)
-from bumble.gatt import Service
-from bumble.hci import (
-    HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR,
-    HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
-    Address,
-    Phy,
-    Role,
-    OwnAddressType,
-)
-from google.protobuf import any_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from google.protobuf import empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from pandora.host_grpc_aio import HostServicer
 from pandora import host_pb2
+from pandora.host_grpc_aio import HostServicer
 from pandora.host_pb2 import (
+    DISCOVERABLE_GENERAL,
+    DISCOVERABLE_LIMITED,
     NOT_CONNECTABLE,
     NOT_DISCOVERABLE,
-    DISCOVERABLE_LIMITED,
-    DISCOVERABLE_GENERAL,
     PRIMARY_1M,
     PRIMARY_CODED,
     SECONDARY_1M,
@@ -85,7 +60,37 @@ from pandora.host_pb2 import (
     WaitConnectionResponse,
     WaitDisconnectionRequest,
 )
-from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional, cast
+
+import bumble.device
+import bumble.utils
+from bumble.core import (
+    UUID,
+    AdvertisingData,
+    Appearance,
+    ConnectionError,
+    PhysicalTransport,
+)
+from bumble.device import (
+    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_INTERVAL,
+    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
+    Advertisement,
+    AdvertisingEventProperties,
+    AdvertisingParameters,
+    AdvertisingType,
+    Device,
+)
+from bumble.gatt import Service
+from bumble.hci import (
+    HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR,
+    HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
+    HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
+    Address,
+    OwnAddressType,
+    Phy,
+    Role,
+)
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
 
 PRIMARY_PHY_MAP: dict[int, PrimaryPhy] = {
     # Default value reported by Bumble for legacy Advertising reports.
@@ -300,7 +305,9 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
                 await disconnection_future
                 self.log.debug("Disconnected")
             finally:
-                connection.remove_listener(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, on_disconnection)  # type: ignore
+                connection.remove_listener(
+                    connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, on_disconnection
+                )  # type: ignore
 
         return empty_pb2.Empty()
 
@@ -537,7 +544,7 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
                 await bumble.utils.cancel_on_event(
                     self.device, 'flush', self.device.stop_advertising()
                 )
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
 
     @utils.rpc
@@ -607,7 +614,7 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
                 await bumble.utils.cancel_on_event(
                     self.device, 'flush', self.device.stop_scanning()
                 )
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
 
     @utils.rpc
@@ -617,7 +624,7 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
         self.log.debug('Inquiry')
 
         inquiry_queue: asyncio.Queue[
-            Optional[tuple[Address, int, AdvertisingData, int]]
+            tuple[Address, int, AdvertisingData, int] | None
         ] = asyncio.Queue()
         complete_handler = self.device.on(
             self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_COMPLETE, lambda: inquiry_queue.put_nowait(None)
@@ -642,14 +649,18 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
                 )
 
         finally:
-            self.device.remove_listener(self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_COMPLETE, complete_handler)  # type: ignore
-            self.device.remove_listener(self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_RESULT, result_handler)  # type: ignore
+            self.device.remove_listener(
+                self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_COMPLETE, complete_handler
+            )  # type: ignore
+            self.device.remove_listener(
+                self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_RESULT, result_handler
+            )  # type: ignore
             try:
                 self.log.debug('Stop inquiry')
                 await bumble.utils.cancel_on_event(
                     self.device, 'flush', self.device.stop_discovery()
                 )
-            except:
+            except Exception:
                 pass
 
     @utils.rpc

bumble/pandora/l2cap.py

@@ -12,31 +12,21 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import grpc
 import json
 import logging
+from asyncio import Future
+from asyncio import Queue as AsyncQueue
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
+from dataclasses import dataclass
 
-from asyncio import Queue as AsyncQueue, Future
-
-from bumble.pandora import utils
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.core import OutOfResourcesError, InvalidArgumentError
-from bumble.device import Device
-from bumble.l2cap import (
-    ClassicChannel,
-    ClassicChannelServer,
-    ClassicChannelSpec,
-    LeCreditBasedChannel,
-    LeCreditBasedChannelServer,
-    LeCreditBasedChannelSpec,
-)
+import grpc
 from google.protobuf import any_pb2, empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from pandora.l2cap_grpc_aio import L2CAPServicer  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
+from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (
     COMMAND_NOT_UNDERSTOOD,
     INVALID_CID_IN_REQUEST,
-    Channel as PandoraChannel,
     ConnectRequest,
     ConnectResponse,
     CreditBasedChannelRequest,
@@ -51,10 +41,22 @@ from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
     WaitDisconnectionRequest,
     WaitDisconnectionResponse,
 )
-from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional, Union
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import Channel as PandoraChannel  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 
-L2capChannel = Union[ClassicChannel, LeCreditBasedChannel]
+from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, OutOfResourcesError
+from bumble.device import Device
+from bumble.l2cap import (
+    ClassicChannel,
+    ClassicChannelServer,
+    ClassicChannelSpec,
+    LeCreditBasedChannel,
+    LeCreditBasedChannelServer,
+    LeCreditBasedChannelSpec,
+)
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
+
+L2capChannel = ClassicChannel | LeCreditBasedChannel
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -105,10 +107,8 @@ class L2CAPService(L2CAPServicer):
         oneof = request.WhichOneof('type')
         self.log.debug(f'WaitConnection channel request type: {oneof}.')
         channel_type = getattr(request, oneof)
-        spec: Optional[Union[ClassicChannelSpec, LeCreditBasedChannelSpec]] = None
-        l2cap_server: Optional[
-            Union[ClassicChannelServer, LeCreditBasedChannelServer]
-        ] = None
+        spec: ClassicChannelSpec | LeCreditBasedChannelSpec | None = None
+        l2cap_server: ClassicChannelServer | LeCreditBasedChannelServer | None = None
         if isinstance(channel_type, CreditBasedChannelRequest):
             spec = LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(
                 psm=channel_type.spsm,
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ class L2CAPService(L2CAPServicer):
         oneof = request.WhichOneof('type')
         self.log.debug(f'Channel request type: {oneof}.')
         channel_type = getattr(request, oneof)
-        spec: Optional[Union[ClassicChannelSpec, LeCreditBasedChannelSpec]] = None
+        spec: ClassicChannelSpec | LeCreditBasedChannelSpec | None = None
         if isinstance(channel_type, CreditBasedChannelRequest):
             spec = LeCreditBasedChannelSpec(
                 psm=channel_type.spsm,

bumble/pandora/security.py

@@ -13,27 +13,19 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
-from collections.abc import Awaitable
-import grpc
 import logging
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Awaitable, Callable
+from typing import Any
 
-from bumble.pandora import utils
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    ProtocolError,
-    InvalidArgumentError,
+import grpc
+from google.protobuf import (
+    any_pb2,  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
+    empty_pb2,  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
+    wrappers_pb2,  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 )
-import bumble.utils
-from bumble.device import Connection as BumbleConnection, Device
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Error, Role
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate as BasePairingDelegate
-from google.protobuf import any_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from google.protobuf import empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from google.protobuf import wrappers_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from pandora.host_pb2 import Connection
 from pandora.security_grpc_aio import SecurityServicer, SecurityStorageServicer
 from pandora.security_pb2 import (
@@ -57,14 +49,24 @@ from pandora.security_pb2 import (
     WaitSecurityRequest,
     WaitSecurityResponse,
 )
-from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Callable, Optional, Union
+
+import bumble.utils
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, PhysicalTransport, ProtocolError
+from bumble.device import Connection as BumbleConnection
+from bumble.device import Device
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Error, Role
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
+from bumble.pairing import PairingDelegate as BasePairingDelegate
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
 
 
 class PairingDelegate(BasePairingDelegate):
     def __init__(
         self,
         connection: BumbleConnection,
-        service: "SecurityService",
+        service: SecurityService,
         io_capability: BasePairingDelegate.IoCapability = BasePairingDelegate.NO_OUTPUT_NO_INPUT,
         local_initiator_key_distribution: BasePairingDelegate.KeyDistribution = BasePairingDelegate.DEFAULT_KEY_DISTRIBUTION,
         local_responder_key_distribution: BasePairingDelegate.KeyDistribution = BasePairingDelegate.DEFAULT_KEY_DISTRIBUTION,
@@ -130,7 +132,7 @@ class PairingDelegate(BasePairingDelegate):
         assert answer.answer_variant() == 'confirm' and answer.confirm is not None
         return answer.confirm
 
-    async def get_number(self) -> Optional[int]:
+    async def get_number(self) -> int | None:
         self.log.debug(
             f"Pairing event: `passkey_entry_request` (io_capability: {self.io_capability})"
         )
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ class PairingDelegate(BasePairingDelegate):
         assert answer.answer_variant() == 'passkey'
         return answer.passkey
 
-    async def get_string(self, max_length: int) -> Optional[str]:
+    async def get_string(self, max_length: int) -> str | None:
         self.log.debug(
             f"Pairing event: `pin_code_request` (io_capability: {self.io_capability})"
         )
@@ -195,8 +197,8 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
         self.log = utils.BumbleServerLoggerAdapter(
             logging.getLogger(), {'service_name': 'Security', 'device': device}
         )
-        self.event_queue: Optional[asyncio.Queue[PairingEvent]] = None
-        self.event_answer: Optional[AsyncIterator[PairingEventAnswer]] = None
+        self.event_queue: asyncio.Queue[PairingEvent] | None = None
+        self.event_answer: AsyncIterator[PairingEventAnswer] | None = None
         self.device = device
         self.config = config
 
@@ -231,7 +233,7 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
         if level == LEVEL2:
             return connection.encryption != 0 and connection.authenticated
 
-        link_key_type: Optional[int] = None
+        link_key_type: int | None = None
         if (keystore := connection.device.keystore) and (
             keys := await keystore.get(str(connection.peer_address))
         ):
@@ -410,8 +412,8 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
         wait_for_security: asyncio.Future[str] = (
             asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
         )
-        authenticate_task: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None
-        pair_task: Optional[asyncio.Future[None]] = None
+        authenticate_task: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
+        pair_task: asyncio.Future[None] | None = None
 
         async def authenticate() -> None:
             if (encryption := connection.encryption) != 0:
@@ -455,9 +457,9 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
 
         def pair(*_: Any) -> None:
             if self.need_pairing(connection, level):
-                pair_task = asyncio.create_task(connection.pair())
+                bumble.utils.AsyncRunner.spawn(connection.pair())
 
-        listeners: dict[str, Callable[..., Union[None, Awaitable[None]]]] = {
+        listeners: dict[str, Callable[..., None | Awaitable[None]]] = {
             'disconnection': set_failure('connection_died'),
             'pairing_failure': set_failure('pairing_failure'),
             'connection_authentication_failure': set_failure('authentication_failure'),
@@ -500,7 +502,7 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
         return WaitSecurityResponse(**kwargs)
 
     async def reached_security_level(
-        self, connection: BumbleConnection, level: Union[SecurityLevel, LESecurityLevel]
+        self, connection: BumbleConnection, level: SecurityLevel | LESecurityLevel
     ) -> bool:
         self.log.debug(
             str(

bumble/pandora/utils.py

@@ -13,16 +13,19 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import functools
-import grpc
 import inspect
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Generator, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any
+
+import grpc
+from google.protobuf.message import Message  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 
 from bumble.device import Device
 from bumble.hci import Address, AddressType
-from google.protobuf.message import Message  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from typing import Any, Generator, MutableMapping, Optional
 
 ADDRESS_TYPES: dict[str, AddressType] = {
     "public": Address.PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS,
@@ -32,7 +35,7 @@ ADDRESS_TYPES: dict[str, AddressType] = {
 }
 
 
-def address_from_request(request: Message, field: Optional[str]) -> Address:
+def address_from_request(request: Message, field: str | None) -> Address:
     if field is None:
         return Address.ANY
     return Address(bytes(reversed(getattr(request, field))), ADDRESS_TYPES[field])
@@ -93,8 +96,7 @@ def rpc(func: Any) -> Any:
     @functools.wraps(func)
     def gen_wrapper(self: Any, request: Any, context: grpc.ServicerContext) -> Any:
         with exception_to_rpc_error(context):
-            for v in func(self, request, context):
-                yield v
+            yield from func(self, request, context)
 
     @functools.wraps(func)
     def wrapper(self: Any, request: Any, context: grpc.ServicerContext) -> Any:

bumble/profiles/aics.py

@@ -18,26 +18,26 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import struct
-
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
 
-from bumble.device import Connection
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
+from bumble.device import Connection
 from bumble.gatt import (
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_SERVICE,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATUS_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     Attribute,
     Characteristic,
-    TemplateService,
     CharacteristicValue,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_SERVICE,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATUS_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     CharacteristicProxy,
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     UTF8CharacteristicProxyAdapter,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from bumble import utils
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -129,7 +128,7 @@ class AudioInputState:
     mute: Mute = Mute.NOT_MUTED
     gain_mode: GainMode = GainMode.MANUAL
     change_counter: int = 0
-    attribute: Optional[Attribute] = None
+    attribute: Attribute | None = None
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return bytes(
@@ -199,7 +198,6 @@ class AudioInputControlPoint:
     gain_settings_properties: GainSettingsProperties
 
     async def on_write(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
-
         opcode = AudioInputControlPointOpCode(value[0])
 
         if opcode == AudioInputControlPointOpCode.SET_GAIN_SETTING:
@@ -317,7 +315,7 @@ class AudioInputDescription:
     '''
 
     audio_input_description: str = "Bluetooth"
-    attribute: Optional[Attribute] = None
+    attribute: Attribute | None = None
 
     def on_read(self, _connection: Connection) -> str:
         return self.audio_input_description
@@ -340,11 +338,11 @@ class AICSService(TemplateService):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        audio_input_state: Optional[AudioInputState] = None,
-        gain_settings_properties: Optional[GainSettingsProperties] = None,
+        audio_input_state: AudioInputState | None = None,
+        gain_settings_properties: GainSettingsProperties | None = None,
         audio_input_type: str = "local",
-        audio_input_status: Optional[AudioInputStatus] = None,
-        audio_input_description: Optional[AudioInputDescription] = None,
+        audio_input_status: AudioInputStatus | None = None,
+        audio_input_description: AudioInputDescription | None = None,
     ):
         self.audio_input_state = (
             AudioInputState() if audio_input_state is None else audio_input_state

bumble/profiles/ams.py

@@ -20,25 +20,24 @@ Apple Media Service (AMS).
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
-from typing import Optional, Iterable, Union
-
+from collections.abc import Iterable
 
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.device import Peer
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_AMS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
     TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from bumble import utils
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -231,7 +230,7 @@ class AmsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.supported_commands = set()
 
     @classmethod
-    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> Optional[AmsClient]:
+    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> AmsClient | None:
         ams_proxy = await peer.discover_service_and_create_proxy(AmsProxy)
         if ams_proxy is None:
             return None
@@ -264,9 +263,7 @@ class AmsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def observe(
         self,
         entity: EntityId,
-        attributes: Iterable[
-            Union[PlayerAttributeId, QueueAttributeId, TrackAttributeId]
-        ],
+        attributes: Iterable[PlayerAttributeId | QueueAttributeId | TrackAttributeId],
     ) -> None:
         await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.write_value(
             bytes([entity] + list(attributes)), with_response=True

bumble/profiles/ancs.py

@@ -20,29 +20,28 @@ Apple Notification Center Service (ANCS).
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import datetime
 import enum
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Sequence, Union
-
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
 from bumble.device import Peer
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_ANCS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_ANCS_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_ANCS_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_ANCS_DATA_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_ANCS_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_ANCS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
     TemplateService,
 )
-from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import SerializableCharacteristicProxyAdapter
-from bumble import utils
-
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -117,7 +116,7 @@ class NotificationAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class NotificationAttribute:
     attribute_id: NotificationAttributeId
-    value: Union[str, int, datetime.datetime]
+    value: str | int | datetime.datetime
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -243,10 +242,10 @@ class AncsProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
 
 
 class AncsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
-    _expected_response_command_id: Optional[CommandId]
-    _expected_response_notification_uid: Optional[int]
-    _expected_response_app_identifier: Optional[str]
-    _expected_app_identifier: Optional[str]
+    _expected_response_command_id: CommandId | None
+    _expected_response_notification_uid: int | None
+    _expected_response_app_identifier: str | None
+    _expected_app_identifier: str | None
     _expected_response_tuples: int
     _response_accumulator: bytes
 
@@ -256,12 +255,12 @@ class AncsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
         super().__init__()
         self._ancs_proxy = ancs_proxy
         self._command_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore()
-        self._response: Optional[asyncio.Future] = None
+        self._response: asyncio.Future | None = None
         self._reset_response()
         self._started = False
 
     @classmethod
-    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> Optional[AncsClient]:
+    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> AncsClient | None:
         ancs_proxy = await peer.discover_service_and_create_proxy(AncsProxy)
         if ancs_proxy is None:
             return None
@@ -317,7 +316,7 @@ class AncsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
             # Not enough data yet.
             return
 
-        attributes: list[Union[NotificationAttribute, AppAttribute]] = []
+        attributes: list[NotificationAttribute | AppAttribute] = []
 
         if command_id == CommandId.GET_NOTIFICATION_ATTRIBUTES:
             (notification_uid,) = struct.unpack_from(
@@ -343,7 +342,7 @@ class AncsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
                 str_value = attribute_data[3 : 3 + attribute_data_length].decode(
                     "utf-8"
                 )
-                value: Union[str, int, datetime.datetime]
+                value: str | int | datetime.datetime
                 if attribute_id == NotificationAttributeId.MESSAGE_SIZE:
                     value = int(str_value)
                 elif attribute_id == NotificationAttributeId.DATE:
@@ -416,7 +415,7 @@ class AncsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
         self,
         notification_uid: int,
         attributes: Sequence[
-            Union[NotificationAttributeId, tuple[NotificationAttributeId, int]]
+            NotificationAttributeId | tuple[NotificationAttributeId, int]
         ],
     ) -> list[NotificationAttribute]:
         if not self._started:

bumble/profiles/ascs.py

@@ -18,22 +18,17 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 import enum
 import functools
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Any, Optional, Union, TypeVar
 from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, TypeVar
 
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import colors
-from bumble.profiles.bap import CodecSpecificConfiguration
+from bumble import colors, device, gatt, gatt_client, hci, utils
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
+from bumble.profiles.bap import CodecSpecificConfiguration
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -54,7 +49,7 @@ class ASE_Operation:
     classes: dict[int, type[ASE_Operation]] = {}
     op_code: Opcode
     name: str
-    fields: Optional[Sequence[Any]] = None
+    fields: Sequence[Any] | None = None
     ase_id: Sequence[int]
 
     class Opcode(enum.IntEnum):
@@ -283,7 +278,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 
     EVENT_STATE_CHANGE = "state_change"
 
-    cis_link: Optional[device.CisLink] = None
+    cis_link: device.CisLink | None = None
 
     # Additional parameters in CODEC_CONFIGURED State
     preferred_framing = 0  # Unframed PDU supported
@@ -295,7 +290,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
     preferred_presentation_delay_min = 0
     preferred_presentation_delay_max = 0
     codec_id = hci.CodingFormat(hci.CodecID.LC3)
-    codec_specific_configuration: Union[CodecSpecificConfiguration, bytes] = b''
+    codec_specific_configuration: CodecSpecificConfiguration | bytes = b''
 
     # Additional parameters in QOS_CONFIGURED State
     cig_id = 0
@@ -615,7 +610,7 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
     ase_state_machines: dict[int, AseStateMachine]
     ase_control_point: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
-    _active_client: Optional[device.Connection] = None
+    _active_client: device.Connection | None = None
 
     def __init__(
         self,

bumble/profiles/asha.py

@@ -17,16 +17,14 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import enum
-import struct
 import logging
-from typing import Optional, Callable, Union, Any
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import Any
 
-from bumble import l2cap
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
+from bumble import data_types, gatt, gatt_client, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -93,20 +91,20 @@ class AshaService(gatt.TemplateService):
     EVENT_DISCONNECTED = "disconnected"
     EVENT_VOLUME_CHANGED = "volume_changed"
 
-    audio_sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], Any]]
-    active_codec: Optional[Codec] = None
-    audio_type: Optional[AudioType] = None
-    volume: Optional[int] = None
-    other_state: Optional[int] = None
-    connection: Optional[Connection] = None
+    audio_sink: Callable[[bytes], Any] | None
+    active_codec: Codec | None = None
+    audio_type: AudioType | None = None
+    volume: int | None = None
+    other_state: int | None = None
+    connection: Connection | None = None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         capability: int,
-        hisyncid: Union[list[int], bytes],
+        hisyncid: list[int] | bytes,
         device: Device,
         psm: int = 0,
-        audio_sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], Any]] = None,
+        audio_sink: Callable[[bytes], Any] | None = None,
         feature_map: int = FeatureMap.LE_COC_AUDIO_OUTPUT_STREAMING_SUPPORTED,
         protocol_version: int = 0x01,
         render_delay_milliseconds: int = 0,
@@ -188,12 +186,11 @@ class AshaService(gatt.TemplateService):
         return bytes(
             AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
-                        AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
-                        bytes(gatt.GATT_ASHA_SERVICE)
-                        + bytes([self.protocol_version, self.capability])
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
+                        gatt.GATT_ASHA_SERVICE,
+                        bytes([self.protocol_version, self.capability])
                         + self.hisyncid[:4],
-                    ),
+                    )
                 ]
             )
         )

bumble/profiles/bap.py

@@ -18,21 +18,18 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Sequence
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-import struct
 import functools
 import logging
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import core, data_types, gatt, hci, utils
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -260,11 +257,10 @@ class UnicastServerAdvertisingData:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
+                        gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE,
                         struct.pack(
-                            '<2sBIB',
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE),
+                            '<BIB',
                             self.announcement_type,
                             self.available_audio_contexts,
                             len(self.metadata),
@@ -493,12 +489,8 @@ class BroadcastAudioAnnouncement:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
-                        (
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
-                            + bytes(self)
-                        ),
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
+                        gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE, bytes(self)
                     )
                 ]
             )
@@ -610,12 +602,8 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
-                        (
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BASIC_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
-                            + bytes(self)
-                        ),
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
+                        gatt.GATT_BASIC_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE, bytes(self)
                     )
                 ]
             )

bumble/profiles/bass.py

@@ -17,18 +17,14 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import ClassVar, Optional, Sequence
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from typing import ClassVar
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import core, device, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, hci, utils
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -342,7 +338,12 @@ class BroadcastAudioScanService(gatt.TemplateService):
             b"12",  # TEST
         )
 
-        super().__init__([self.battery_level_characteristic])
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                self.broadcast_audio_scan_control_point_characteristic,
+                self.broadcast_receive_state_characteristic,
+            ]
+        )
 
     def on_broadcast_audio_scan_control_point_write(
         self, connection: device.Connection, value: bytes
@@ -356,7 +357,7 @@ class BroadcastAudioScanServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
 
     broadcast_audio_scan_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
     broadcast_receive_states: list[
-        gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[Optional[BroadcastReceiveState]]
+        gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[BroadcastReceiveState | None]
     ]
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy):

bumble/profiles/battery_service.py

@@ -16,21 +16,19 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-from typing import Optional
 
-from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    GATT_BATTERY_SERVICE,
     GATT_BATTERY_LEVEL_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
+    GATT_BATTERY_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicValue,
+    TemplateService,
 )
-from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
     PackedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
 )
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -57,7 +55,7 @@ class BatteryService(TemplateService):
 class BatteryServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = BatteryService
 
-    battery_level: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[int]]
+    battery_level: CharacteristicProxy[int] | None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy):
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/cap.py

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
+from bumble import gatt, gatt_client
 from bumble.profiles import csip
 
 

bumble/profiles/csip.py

@@ -17,16 +17,11 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import struct
-from typing import Optional
-
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import crypto
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
 
+from bumble import core, crypto, device, gatt, gatt_client
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -100,17 +95,17 @@ class CoordinatedSetIdentificationService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
     set_identity_resolving_key: bytes
     set_identity_resolving_key_characteristic: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
-    coordinated_set_size_characteristic: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]] = None
-    set_member_lock_characteristic: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]] = None
-    set_member_rank_characteristic: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]] = None
+    coordinated_set_size_characteristic: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None = None
+    set_member_lock_characteristic: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None = None
+    set_member_rank_characteristic: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None = None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         set_identity_resolving_key: bytes,
         set_identity_resolving_key_type: SirkType,
-        coordinated_set_size: Optional[int] = None,
-        set_member_lock: Optional[MemberLock] = None,
-        set_member_rank: Optional[int] = None,
+        coordinated_set_size: int | None = None,
+        set_member_lock: MemberLock | None = None,
+        set_member_rank: int | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         if len(set_identity_resolving_key) != SET_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_KEY_LENGTH:
             raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
@@ -202,9 +197,9 @@ class CoordinatedSetIdentificationProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = CoordinatedSetIdentificationService
 
     set_identity_resolving_key: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
-    coordinated_set_size: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    set_member_lock: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    set_member_rank: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
+    coordinated_set_size: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    set_member_lock: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    set_member_rank: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy) -> None:
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/device_information_service.py

@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
-from typing import Optional
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE,
@@ -25,12 +24,12 @@ from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_HARDWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_MANUFACTURER_NAME_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_MODEL_NUMBER_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_REGULATORY_CERTIFICATION_DATA_LIST_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SERIAL_NUMBER_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SOFTWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SYSTEM_ID_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_REGULATORY_CERTIFICATION_DATA_LIST_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
     Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
@@ -54,14 +53,14 @@ class DeviceInformationService(TemplateService):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        manufacturer_name: Optional[str] = None,
-        model_number: Optional[str] = None,
-        serial_number: Optional[str] = None,
-        hardware_revision: Optional[str] = None,
-        firmware_revision: Optional[str] = None,
-        software_revision: Optional[str] = None,
-        system_id: Optional[tuple[int, int]] = None,  # (OUI, Manufacturer ID)
-        ieee_regulatory_certification_data_list: Optional[bytes] = None,
+        manufacturer_name: str | None = None,
+        model_number: str | None = None,
+        serial_number: str | None = None,
+        hardware_revision: str | None = None,
+        firmware_revision: str | None = None,
+        software_revision: str | None = None,
+        system_id: tuple[int, int] | None = None,  # (OUI, Manufacturer ID)
+        ieee_regulatory_certification_data_list: bytes | None = None,
         # TODO: pnp_id
     ):
         characteristics: list[Characteristic[bytes]] = [
@@ -109,14 +108,14 @@ class DeviceInformationService(TemplateService):
 class DeviceInformationServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = DeviceInformationService
 
-    manufacturer_name: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    model_number: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    serial_number: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    hardware_revision: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    firmware_revision: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    software_revision: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    system_id: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[tuple[int, int]]]
-    ieee_regulatory_certification_data_list: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
+    manufacturer_name: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    model_number: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    serial_number: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    hardware_revision: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    firmware_revision: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    software_revision: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    system_id: CharacteristicProxy[tuple[int, int]] | None
+    ieee_regulatory_certification_data_list: CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy):
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/gap.py

@@ -19,15 +19,14 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from bumble.core import Appearance
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_APPEARANCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ class GenericAccessService(TemplateService):
     appearance_characteristic: Characteristic[bytes]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, device_name: str, appearance: Union[Appearance, tuple[int, int], int] = 0
+        self, device_name: str, appearance: Appearance | tuple[int, int] | int = 0
     ):
         if isinstance(appearance, int):
             appearance_int = appearance
@@ -88,8 +87,8 @@ class GenericAccessService(TemplateService):
 class GenericAccessServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = GenericAccessService
 
-    device_name: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[str]]
-    appearance: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[Appearance]]
+    device_name: CharacteristicProxy[str] | None
+    appearance: CharacteristicProxy[Appearance] | None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy):
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/gatt_service.py

@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import struct
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from bumble import att
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import crypto
+from bumble import att, crypto, gatt, gatt_client
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble import device
@@ -43,7 +40,6 @@ class GenericAttributeProfileService(gatt.TemplateService):
         database_hash_enabled: bool = True,
         service_change_enabled: bool = True,
     ) -> None:
-
         if server_supported_features is not None:
             self.server_supported_features_characteristic = gatt.Characteristic(
                 uuid=gatt.GATT_SERVER_SUPPORTED_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,

bumble/profiles/gmap.py

@@ -18,21 +18,20 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
-from typing import Optional
+from enum import IntFlag
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
-    Characteristic,
+    GATT_BGR_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_BGS_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_GAMING_AUDIO_SERVICE,
     GATT_GMAP_ROLE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_UGG_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_UGT_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_BGS_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_BGR_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from enum import IntFlag
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -77,18 +76,18 @@ class GamingAudioService(TemplateService):
     UUID = GATT_GAMING_AUDIO_SERVICE
 
     gmap_role: Characteristic
-    ugg_features: Optional[Characteristic] = None
-    ugt_features: Optional[Characteristic] = None
-    bgs_features: Optional[Characteristic] = None
-    bgr_features: Optional[Characteristic] = None
+    ugg_features: Characteristic | None = None
+    ugt_features: Characteristic | None = None
+    bgs_features: Characteristic | None = None
+    bgr_features: Characteristic | None = None
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         gmap_role: GmapRole,
-        ugg_features: Optional[UggFeatures] = None,
-        ugt_features: Optional[UgtFeatures] = None,
-        bgs_features: Optional[BgsFeatures] = None,
-        bgr_features: Optional[BgrFeatures] = None,
+        ugg_features: UggFeatures | None = None,
+        ugt_features: UgtFeatures | None = None,
+        bgs_features: BgsFeatures | None = None,
+        bgr_features: BgrFeatures | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         characteristics = []
 
@@ -150,10 +149,10 @@ class GamingAudioService(TemplateService):
 class GamingAudioServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = GamingAudioService
 
-    ugg_features: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[UggFeatures]] = None
-    ugt_features: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[UgtFeatures]] = None
-    bgs_features: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[BgsFeatures]] = None
-    bgr_features: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[BgrFeatures]] = None
+    ugg_features: CharacteristicProxy[UggFeatures] | None = None
+    ugt_features: CharacteristicProxy[UgtFeatures] | None = None
+    bgs_features: CharacteristicProxy[BgsFeatures] | None = None
+    bgr_features: CharacteristicProxy[BgrFeatures] | None = None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy) -> None:
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/hap.py

@@ -16,16 +16,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-import asyncio
-import functools
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-import logging
-from typing import Any, Optional, Union
 
-from bumble import att, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any
+
+from bumble import att, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, InvalidStateError
-from bumble.device import Device, Connection
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 from bumble.hci import Address
 
 
@@ -146,7 +145,7 @@ class PresetChangedOperation:
             return bytes([self.prev_index]) + bytes(self.preset_record)
 
     change_id: ChangeId
-    additional_parameters: Union[Generic, int]
+    additional_parameters: Generic | int
 
     def to_bytes(self, is_last: bool) -> bytes:
         if isinstance(self.additional_parameters, PresetChangedOperation.Generic):
@@ -236,7 +235,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
     preset_records: dict[int, PresetRecord]  # key is the preset index
     read_presets_request_in_progress: bool
 
-    other_server_in_binaural_set: Optional[HearingAccessService] = None
+    other_server_in_binaural_set: HearingAccessService | None = None
 
     preset_changed_operations_history_per_device: dict[
         Address, list[PresetChangedOperation]
@@ -272,14 +271,21 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         def on_connection(connection: Connection) -> None:
             @connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION)
             def on_disconnection(_reason) -> None:
-                self.currently_connected_clients.remove(connection)
+                self.currently_connected_clients.discard(connection)
+
+            @connection.on(connection.EVENT_CONNECTION_ATT_MTU_UPDATE)
+            def on_mtu_update(*_: Any) -> None:
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
+
+            @connection.on(connection.EVENT_CONNECTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE)
+            def on_encryption_change(*_: Any) -> None:
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
 
             @connection.on(connection.EVENT_PAIRING)
             def on_pairing(*_: Any) -> None:
-                self.on_incoming_paired_connection(connection)
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
 
-            if connection.peer_resolvable_address:
-                self.on_incoming_paired_connection(connection)
+            self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
 
         self.hearing_aid_features_characteristic = gatt.Characteristic(
             uuid=gatt.GATT_HEARING_AID_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
@@ -316,9 +322,30 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             ]
         )
 
-    def on_incoming_paired_connection(self, connection: Connection):
+    def on_incoming_connection(self, connection: Connection):
         '''Setup initial operations to handle a remote bonded HAP device'''
         # TODO Should we filter on HAP device only ?
+
+        if not connection.is_encrypted:
+            logging.debug(f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} is not encrypted')
+            return
+
+        if not connection.peer_resolvable_address:
+            logging.debug(f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} is not paired')
+            return
+
+        if connection.att_mtu < 49:
+            logging.debug(
+                f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} invalid MTU={connection.att_mtu}'
+            )
+            return
+
+        if connection.peer_address in self.currently_connected_clients:
+            logging.debug(
+                f'HAS: Already connected to {connection.peer_address} nothing to do'
+            )
+            return
+
         self.currently_connected_clients.add(connection)
         if (
             connection.peer_address
@@ -373,8 +400,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             self.preset_records[key]
             for key in sorted(self.preset_records.keys())
             if self.preset_records[key].index >= start_index
-        ]
-        del presets[num_presets:]
+        ][:num_presets]
         if len(presets) == 0:
             raise att.ATT_Error(att.ErrorCode.OUT_OF_RANGE)
 
@@ -383,7 +409,10 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
     async def _read_preset_response(
         self, connection: Connection, presets: list[PresetRecord]
     ):
-        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are sent, then the server shall consider the Read Presets Request operation aborted and shall not either continue or restart the operation when the client reconnects.
+        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are
+        # sent, then the server shall consider the Read Presets Request operation
+        # aborted and shall not either continue or restart the operation when the client
+        # reconnects.
         try:
             for i, preset in enumerate(presets):
                 await connection.device.indicate_subscriber(
@@ -404,7 +433,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
     async def generic_update(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
         '''Server API to perform a generic update. It is the responsibility of the caller to modify the preset_records to match the PresetChangedOperation being sent'''
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(op)
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(op)
 
     async def delete_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to delete a preset. It should not be the current active preset'''
@@ -413,14 +442,14 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             raise InvalidStateError('Cannot delete active preset')
 
         del self.preset_records[index]
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationDeleted(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationDeleted(index))
 
     async def available_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to make a preset available'''
 
         preset = self.preset_records[index]
         preset.properties.is_available = PresetRecord.Property.IsAvailable.IS_AVAILABLE
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationAvailable(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationAvailable(index))
 
     async def unavailable_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to make a preset unavailable. It should not be the current active preset'''
@@ -432,7 +461,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         preset.properties.is_available = (
             PresetRecord.Property.IsAvailable.IS_UNAVAILABLE
         )
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationUnavailable(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationUnavailable(index))
 
     async def _preset_changed_operation(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
         '''Send all PresetChangedOperation saved for a given connection'''
@@ -447,27 +476,31 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             return op.additional_parameters
 
         op_list.sort(key=get_op_index)
-        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are sent, then the server shall consider the Preset Changed operation aborted and shall continue the operation when the client reconnects.
-        while len(op_list) > 0:
+        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are
+        # sent, then the server shall consider the Preset Changed operation aborted and
+        # shall continue the operation when the client reconnects.
+        while op_list:
             try:
                 await connection.device.indicate_subscriber(
                     connection,
                     self.hearing_aid_preset_control_point,
                     value=op_list[0].to_bytes(len(op_list) == 1),
+                    force=True,  # TODO GATT notification subscription should be persistent
                 )
                 # Remove item once sent, and keep the non sent item in the list
                 op_list.pop(0)
             except TimeoutError:
                 break
 
-    async def _notifyPresetOperations(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
-        for historyList in self.preset_changed_operations_history_per_device.values():
-            historyList.append(op)
+    async def _notify_preset_operations(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
+        for history_list in self.preset_changed_operations_history_per_device.values():
+            history_list.append(op)
 
         for connection in self.currently_connected_clients:
             await self._preset_changed_operation(connection)
 
     async def _on_write_preset_name(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes):
+        del connection  # Unused
 
         if self.read_presets_request_in_progress:
             raise att.ATT_Error(att.ErrorCode.PROCEDURE_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS)
@@ -532,48 +565,51 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         self.active_preset_index = index
         await self.notify_active_preset()
 
-    async def _on_set_active_preset(self, _: Connection, value: bytes):
+    async def _on_set_active_preset(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes):
+        del connection  # Unused
         await self.set_active_preset(value)
 
-    async def set_next_or_previous_preset(self, is_previous):
+    async def set_next_or_previous_preset(self, is_previous: bool) -> None:
         '''Set the next or the previous preset as active'''
 
         if self.active_preset_index == 0x00:
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_OPERATION_NOT_POSSIBLE)
 
-        first_preset: Optional[PresetRecord] = None  # To loop to first preset
-        next_preset: Optional[PresetRecord] = None
-        for index, record in sorted(self.preset_records.items(), reverse=is_previous):
-            if not record.is_available():
-                continue
-            if first_preset == None:
-                first_preset = record
-            if is_previous:
-                if index >= self.active_preset_index:
-                    continue
-            elif index <= self.active_preset_index:
-                continue
-            next_preset = record
-            break
+        presets = sorted(
+            [
+                record
+                for record in self.preset_records.values()
+                if record.is_available()
+            ],
+            key=lambda record: record.index,
+        )
+        current_preset = self.preset_records[self.active_preset_index]
+        current_preset_pos = presets.index(current_preset)
+        if is_previous:
+            new_preset = presets[(current_preset_pos - 1) % len(presets)]
+        else:
+            new_preset = presets[(current_preset_pos + 1) % len(presets)]
 
-        if not first_preset:  # If no other preset are available
+        if current_preset == new_preset:  # If no other preset are available
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_OPERATION_NOT_POSSIBLE)
 
-        if next_preset:
-            self.active_preset_index = next_preset.index
-        else:
-            self.active_preset_index = first_preset.index
+        self.active_preset_index = new_preset.index
         await self.notify_active_preset()
 
-    async def _on_set_next_preset(self, _: Connection, __value__: bytes) -> None:
+    async def _on_set_next_preset(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(False)
 
-    async def _on_set_previous_preset(self, _: Connection, __value__: bytes) -> None:
+    async def _on_set_previous_preset(
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
+    ) -> None:
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(True)
 
     async def _on_set_active_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, _: Connection, value: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
             == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
@@ -584,8 +620,9 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             await self.other_server_in_binaural_set.set_active_preset(value)
 
     async def _on_set_next_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, _: Connection, __value__: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
             == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
@@ -596,8 +633,9 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             await self.other_server_in_binaural_set.set_next_or_previous_preset(False)
 
     async def _on_set_previous_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, _: Connection, __value__: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
             == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
@@ -615,11 +653,13 @@ class HearingAccessServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = HearingAccessService
 
     hearing_aid_preset_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy
-    preset_control_point_indications: asyncio.Queue
-    active_preset_index_notification: asyncio.Queue
+    preset_control_point_indications: asyncio.Queue[bytes]
+    active_preset_index_notification: asyncio.Queue[bytes]
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy) -> None:
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy
+        self.preset_control_point_indications = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.active_preset_index_notification = asyncio.Queue()
 
         self.server_features = gatt_adapters.PackedCharacteristicProxyAdapter(
             service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
@@ -641,20 +681,12 @@ class HearingAccessServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
             'B',
         )
 
-    async def setup_subscription(self):
-        self.preset_control_point_indications = asyncio.Queue()
-        self.active_preset_index_notification = asyncio.Queue()
-
-        def on_active_preset_index_notification(data: bytes):
-            self.active_preset_index_notification.put_nowait(data)
-
-        def on_preset_control_point_indication(data: bytes):
-            self.preset_control_point_indications.put_nowait(data)
-
+    async def setup_subscription(self) -> None:
         await self.hearing_aid_preset_control_point.subscribe(
-            functools.partial(on_preset_control_point_indication), prefer_notify=False
+            self.preset_control_point_indications.put_nowait,
+            prefer_notify=False,
         )
 
         await self.active_preset_index.subscribe(
-            functools.partial(on_active_preset_index_notification)
+            self.active_preset_index_notification.put_nowait
         )

bumble/profiles/heart_rate_service.py

@@ -17,20 +17,20 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from enum import IntEnum
+
 import struct
-from typing import Optional
+from enum import IntEnum
 
 from bumble import core
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_HEART_RATE_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicValue,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,
@@ -206,13 +206,13 @@ class HeartRateService(TemplateService):
 class HeartRateServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = HeartRateService
 
-    heart_rate_measurement: Optional[
-        CharacteristicProxy[HeartRateService.HeartRateMeasurement]
-    ]
-    body_sensor_location: Optional[
-        CharacteristicProxy[HeartRateService.BodySensorLocation]
-    ]
-    heart_rate_control_point: Optional[CharacteristicProxy[int]]
+    heart_rate_measurement: (
+        CharacteristicProxy[HeartRateService.HeartRateMeasurement] | None
+    )
+    body_sensor_location: (
+        CharacteristicProxy[HeartRateService.BodySensorLocation] | None
+    )
+    heart_rate_control_point: CharacteristicProxy[int] | None
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy):
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy

bumble/profiles/le_audio.py

@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import struct
 from typing import Any
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble.profiles import bap
 from bumble import utils
+from bumble.profiles import bap
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@ class Metadata:
                 values.append(str(decoded))
 
         return '\n'.join(
-            f'{indent}{key}: {" " * (max_key_length-len(key))}{value}'
+            f'{indent}{key}: {" " * (max_key_length - len(key))}{value}'
             for key, value in zip(keys, values)
         )
 

bumble/profiles/mcp.py

@@ -22,16 +22,12 @@ import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import struct
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import utils
-
-from typing import Optional, ClassVar, TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
+from bumble import core, device, gatt, gatt_client, utils
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -200,7 +196,7 @@ class MediaControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
     UUID = gatt.GATT_MEDIA_CONTROL_SERVICE
 
-    def __init__(self, media_player_name: Optional[str] = None) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, media_player_name: str | None = None) -> None:
         self.track_position = 0
 
         self.media_player_name_characteristic = gatt.Characteristic(
@@ -341,32 +337,32 @@ class MediaControlServiceProxy(
     EVENT_TRACK_DURATION = "track_duration"
     EVENT_TRACK_POSITION = "track_position"
 
-    media_player_name: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    media_player_icon_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    media_player_icon_url: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    track_changed: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    track_title: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    track_duration: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    track_position: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    playback_speed: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    seeking_speed: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    current_track_segments_object_id: Optional[
-        gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
-    ] = None
-    current_track_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    next_track_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    parent_group_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    current_group_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    playing_order: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    playing_orders_supported: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    media_state: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    media_control_point: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    media_control_point_opcodes_supported: Optional[
-        gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
-    ] = None
-    search_control_point: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    search_results_object_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
-    content_control_id: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = None
+    media_player_name: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    media_player_icon_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    media_player_icon_url: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    track_changed: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    track_title: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    track_duration: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    track_position: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    playback_speed: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    seeking_speed: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    current_track_segments_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = (
+        None
+    )
+    current_track_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    next_track_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    parent_group_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    current_group_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    playing_order: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    playing_orders_supported: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    media_state: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    media_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    media_control_point_opcodes_supported: (
+        gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None
+    ) = None
+    search_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    search_results_object_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
+    content_control_id: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes] | None = None
 
     if TYPE_CHECKING:
         media_control_point_notifications: asyncio.Queue[bytes]

bumble/profiles/pacs.py

@@ -17,18 +17,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Sequence, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
-from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation, CodecSpecificCapabilities, ContextType
+from bumble import gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, hci
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
-
+from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation, CodecSpecificCapabilities, ContextType
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -42,7 +39,7 @@ class PacRecord:
     '''Published Audio Capabilities Service, Table 3.2/3.4.'''
 
     coding_format: hci.CodingFormat
-    codec_specific_capabilities: Union[CodecSpecificCapabilities, bytes]
+    codec_specific_capabilities: CodecSpecificCapabilities | bytes
     metadata: le_audio.Metadata = dataclasses.field(default_factory=le_audio.Metadata)
 
     @classmethod
@@ -59,7 +56,7 @@ class PacRecord:
         offset += 1
         metadata = le_audio.Metadata.from_bytes(data[offset : offset + metadata_size])
 
-        codec_specific_capabilities: Union[CodecSpecificCapabilities, bytes]
+        codec_specific_capabilities: CodecSpecificCapabilities | bytes
         if coding_format.codec_id == hci.CodecID.VENDOR_SPECIFIC:
             codec_specific_capabilities = codec_specific_capabilities_bytes
         else:
@@ -104,10 +101,10 @@ class PacRecord:
 class PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService(gatt.TemplateService):
     UUID = gatt.GATT_PUBLISHED_AUDIO_CAPABILITIES_SERVICE
 
-    sink_pac: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]]
-    sink_audio_locations: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]]
-    source_pac: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]]
-    source_audio_locations: Optional[gatt.Characteristic[bytes]]
+    sink_pac: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None
+    sink_audio_locations: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None
+    source_pac: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None
+    source_audio_locations: gatt.Characteristic[bytes] | None
     available_audio_contexts: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
     supported_audio_contexts: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
 
@@ -118,9 +115,9 @@ class PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService(gatt.TemplateService):
         available_source_context: ContextType,
         available_sink_context: ContextType,
         sink_pac: Sequence[PacRecord] = (),
-        sink_audio_locations: Optional[AudioLocation] = None,
+        sink_audio_locations: AudioLocation | None = None,
         source_pac: Sequence[PacRecord] = (),
-        source_audio_locations: Optional[AudioLocation] = None,
+        source_audio_locations: AudioLocation | None = None,
     ) -> None:
         characteristics = []
 
@@ -186,14 +183,10 @@ class PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService(gatt.TemplateService):
 class PublishedAudioCapabilitiesServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService
 
-    sink_pac: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[list[PacRecord]]] = None
-    sink_audio_locations: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[AudioLocation]] = (
-        None
-    )
-    source_pac: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[list[PacRecord]]] = None
-    source_audio_locations: Optional[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[AudioLocation]] = (
-        None
-    )
+    sink_pac: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[list[PacRecord]] | None = None
+    sink_audio_locations: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[AudioLocation] | None = None
+    source_pac: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[list[PacRecord]] | None = None
+    source_audio_locations: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[AudioLocation] | None = None
     available_audio_contexts: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[tuple[ContextType, ...]]
     supported_audio_contexts: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[tuple[ContextType, ...]]
 

bumble/profiles/pbp.py

@@ -16,10 +16,13 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
+from bumble import core, data_types, gatt
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
 
 
@@ -44,3 +47,18 @@ class PublicBroadcastAnnouncement:
         return cls(
             features=features, metadata=le_audio.Metadata.from_bytes(metadata_ltv)
         )
+
+    def get_advertising_data(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(
+            core.AdvertisingData(
+                [
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
+                        gatt.GATT_PUBLIC_BROADCAST_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE, bytes(self)
+                    )
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        metadata_bytes = bytes(self.metadata)
+        return bytes([self.features, len(metadata_bytes)]) + metadata_bytes

bumble/profiles/tmap.py

@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@ import logging
 import struct
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
-    Characteristic,
     GATT_TELEPHONY_AND_MEDIA_AUDIO_SERVICE,
     GATT_TMAP_ROLE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/profiles/vcs.py

@@ -17,18 +17,12 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
+from collections.abc import Sequence
 
-from typing import Sequence
-
-from bumble import att
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-
+from bumble import att, device, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants

bumble/profiles/vocs.py

@@ -18,19 +18,19 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
 
-from bumble.device import Connection
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
+from bumble.device import Connection
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Characteristic,
-    TemplateService,
-    CharacteristicValue,
+    GATT_AUDIO_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_SERVICE,
     GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    Characteristic,
+    CharacteristicValue,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     UTF8CharacteristicProxyAdapter,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -69,7 +68,7 @@ class ErrorCode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
 class VolumeOffsetState:
     volume_offset: int = 0
     change_counter: int = 0
-    attribute: Optional[Characteristic] = None
+    attribute: Characteristic | None = None
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return struct.pack('<hB', self.volume_offset, self.change_counter)
@@ -93,7 +92,7 @@ class VolumeOffsetState:
 @dataclass
 class VocsAudioLocation:
     audio_location: AudioLocation = AudioLocation.NOT_ALLOWED
-    attribute: Optional[Characteristic] = None
+    attribute: Characteristic | None = None
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return struct.pack('<I', self.audio_location)
@@ -118,7 +117,6 @@ class VolumeOffsetControlPoint:
     volume_offset_state: VolumeOffsetState
 
     async def on_write(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
-
         opcode = value[0]
         if opcode != SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET:
             raise ATT_Error(ErrorCode.OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED)
@@ -148,7 +146,7 @@ class VolumeOffsetControlPoint:
 @dataclass
 class AudioOutputDescription:
     audio_output_description: str = ''
-    attribute: Optional[Characteristic] = None
+    attribute: Characteristic | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes):
@@ -173,11 +171,10 @@ class VolumeOffsetControlService(TemplateService):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        volume_offset_state: Optional[VolumeOffsetState] = None,
-        audio_location: Optional[VocsAudioLocation] = None,
-        audio_output_description: Optional[AudioOutputDescription] = None,
+        volume_offset_state: VolumeOffsetState | None = None,
+        audio_location: VocsAudioLocation | None = None,
+        audio_output_description: AudioOutputDescription | None = None,
     ) -> None:
-
         self.volume_offset_state = (
             VolumeOffsetState() if volume_offset_state is None else volume_offset_state
         )

bumble/rfcomm.py

@@ -17,33 +17,31 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import logging
 import asyncio
 import collections
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-from typing import Callable, Optional, Union, TYPE_CHECKING
+import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import l2cap
-from bumble import sdp
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import core, l2cap, sdp, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    UUID,
-    BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
-    PhysicalTransport,
     BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    UUID,
     InvalidArgumentError,
-    InvalidStateError,
     InvalidPacketError,
+    InvalidStateError,
+    PhysicalTransport,
     ProtocolError,
 )
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+    from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -122,7 +120,7 @@ RFCOMM_DYNAMIC_CHANNEL_NUMBER_END   = 30
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def make_service_sdp_records(
-    service_record_handle: int, channel: int, uuid: Optional[UUID] = None
+    service_record_handle: int, channel: int, uuid: UUID | None = None
 ) -> list[sdp.ServiceAttribute]:
     """
     Create SDP records for an RFComm service given a channel number and an
@@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ async def find_rfcomm_channels(connection: Connection) -> dict[int, list[UUID]]:
         )
         for attribute_lists in search_result:
             service_classes: list[UUID] = []
-            channel: Optional[int] = None
+            channel: int | None = None
             for attribute in attribute_lists:
                 # The layout is [[L2CAP_PROTOCOL], [RFCOMM_PROTOCOL, RFCOMM_CHANNEL]].
                 if attribute.id == sdp.SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID:
@@ -210,7 +208,7 @@ async def find_rfcomm_channels(connection: Connection) -> dict[int, list[UUID]]:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def find_rfcomm_channel_with_uuid(
     connection: Connection, uuid: str | UUID
-) -> Optional[int]:
+) -> int | None:
     """Searches an RFCOMM channel associated with given UUID from service records.
 
     Args:
@@ -476,15 +474,15 @@ class DLC(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.state = DLC.State.INIT
         self.role = multiplexer.role
         self.c_r = 1 if self.role == Multiplexer.Role.INITIATOR else 0
-        self.connection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future] = None
-        self.disconnection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future] = None
+        self.connection_result: asyncio.Future | None = None
+        self.disconnection_result: asyncio.Future | None = None
         self.drained = asyncio.Event()
         self.drained.set()
         # Queued packets when sink is not set.
         self._enqueued_rx_packets: collections.deque[bytes] = collections.deque(
             maxlen=DEFAULT_RX_QUEUE_SIZE
         )
-        self._sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], None]] = None
+        self._sink: Callable[[bytes], None] | None = None
 
         # Compute the MTU
         max_overhead = 4 + 1  # header with 2-byte length + fcs
@@ -493,11 +491,11 @@ class DLC(utils.EventEmitter):
         )
 
     @property
-    def sink(self) -> Optional[Callable[[bytes], None]]:
+    def sink(self) -> Callable[[bytes], None] | None:
         return self._sink
 
     @sink.setter
-    def sink(self, sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], None]]) -> None:
+    def sink(self, sink: Callable[[bytes], None] | None) -> None:
         self._sink = sink
         # Dump queued packets to sink
         if sink:
@@ -677,10 +675,14 @@ class DLC(utils.EventEmitter):
         while (self.tx_buffer and self.tx_credits > 0) or rx_credits_needed > 0:
             # Get the next chunk, up to MTU size
             if rx_credits_needed > 0:
-                chunk = bytes([rx_credits_needed]) + self.tx_buffer[: self.mtu - 1]
-                self.tx_buffer = self.tx_buffer[len(chunk) - 1 :]
+                chunk = bytes([rx_credits_needed])
                 self.rx_credits += rx_credits_needed
-                tx_credit_spent = len(chunk) > 1
+                if self.tx_buffer and self.tx_credits > 0:
+                    chunk += self.tx_buffer[: self.mtu - 1]
+                    self.tx_buffer = self.tx_buffer[len(chunk) - 1 :]
+                    tx_credit_spent = True
+                else:
+                    tx_credit_spent = False
             else:
                 chunk = self.tx_buffer[: self.mtu]
                 self.tx_buffer = self.tx_buffer[len(chunk) :]
@@ -711,7 +713,7 @@ class DLC(utils.EventEmitter):
                 self.drained.set()
 
     # Stream protocol
-    def write(self, data: Union[bytes, str]) -> None:
+    def write(self, data: bytes | str) -> None:
         # We can only send bytes
         if not isinstance(data, bytes):
             if isinstance(data, str):
@@ -768,10 +770,10 @@ class Multiplexer(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     EVENT_DLC = "dlc"
 
-    connection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future]
-    disconnection_result: Optional[asyncio.Future]
-    open_result: Optional[asyncio.Future]
-    acceptor: Optional[Callable[[int], Optional[tuple[int, int]]]]
+    connection_result: asyncio.Future | None
+    disconnection_result: asyncio.Future | None
+    open_result: asyncio.Future | None
+    acceptor: Callable[[int], tuple[int, int] | None] | None
     dlcs: dict[int, DLC]
 
     def __init__(self, l2cap_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel, role: Role) -> None:
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@ class Multiplexer(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.connection_result = None
         self.disconnection_result = None
         self.open_result = None
-        self.open_pn: Optional[RFCOMM_MCC_PN] = None
+        self.open_pn: RFCOMM_MCC_PN | None = None
         self.open_rx_max_credits = 0
         self.acceptor = None
 
@@ -1030,8 +1032,8 @@ class Multiplexer(utils.EventEmitter):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Client:
-    multiplexer: Optional[Multiplexer]
-    l2cap_channel: Optional[l2cap.ClassicChannel]
+    multiplexer: Multiplexer | None
+    l2cap_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel | None
 
     def __init__(
         self, connection: Connection, l2cap_mtu: int = RFCOMM_DEFAULT_L2CAP_MTU
@@ -1047,8 +1049,8 @@ class Client:
             self.l2cap_channel = await self.connection.create_l2cap_channel(
                 spec=l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(psm=RFCOMM_PSM, mtu=self.l2cap_mtu)
             )
-        except ProtocolError as error:
-            logger.warning(f'L2CAP connection failed: {error}')
+        except ProtocolError:
+            logger.exception('L2CAP connection failed')
             raise
 
         assert self.l2cap_channel is not None
@@ -1144,7 +1146,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         # Notify
         self.emit(self.EVENT_START, multiplexer)
 
-    def accept_dlc(self, channel_number: int) -> Optional[tuple[int, int]]:
+    def accept_dlc(self, channel_number: int) -> tuple[int, int] | None:
         return self.dlc_configs.get(channel_number)
 
     def on_dlc(self, dlc: DLC) -> None:

bumble/rtp.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import struct
 
 

bumble/sdp.py

@@ -16,24 +16,27 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Iterable, NewType, Optional, Union, Sequence, TYPE_CHECKING
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Sequence
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, NewType
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from bumble import core, l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    InvalidStateError,
     InvalidArgumentError,
     InvalidPacketError,
+    InvalidStateError,
     ProtocolError,
 )
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Object, name_or_number, key_with_value
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Object, key_with_value, name_or_number
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+    from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -495,7 +498,7 @@ class ServiceAttribute:
     @staticmethod
     def find_attribute_in_list(
         attribute_list: Iterable[ServiceAttribute], attribute_id: int
-    ) -> Optional[DataElement]:
+    ) -> DataElement | None:
         return next(
             (
                 attribute.value
@@ -526,7 +529,7 @@ class ServiceAttribute:
     def to_string(self, with_colors=False):
         if with_colors:
             return (
-                f'Attribute(id={color(self.id_name(self.id),"magenta")},'
+                f'Attribute(id={color(self.id_name(self.id), "magenta")},'
                 f'value={self.value})'
             )
 
@@ -776,11 +779,11 @@ class SDP_ServiceSearchAttributeResponse(SDP_PDU):
 class Client:
     def __init__(self, connection: Connection, mtu: int = 0) -> None:
         self.connection = connection
-        self.channel: Optional[l2cap.ClassicChannel] = None
+        self.channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel | None = None
         self.mtu = mtu
         self.request_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(1)
-        self.pending_request: Optional[SDP_PDU] = None
-        self.pending_response: Optional[asyncio.futures.Future[SDP_PDU]] = None
+        self.pending_request: SDP_PDU | None = None
+        self.pending_response: asyncio.futures.Future[SDP_PDU] | None = None
         self.next_transaction_id = 0
 
     async def connect(self) -> None:
@@ -896,7 +899,7 @@ class Client:
     async def search_attributes(
         self,
         uuids: Iterable[core.UUID],
-        attribute_ids: Iterable[Union[int, tuple[int, int]]],
+        attribute_ids: Iterable[int | tuple[int, int]],
     ) -> list[list[ServiceAttribute]]:
         """
         Search for attributes by UUID and attribute IDs.
@@ -968,7 +971,7 @@ class Client:
     async def get_attributes(
         self,
         service_record_handle: int,
-        attribute_ids: Iterable[Union[int, tuple[int, int]]],
+        attribute_ids: Iterable[int | tuple[int, int]],
     ) -> list[ServiceAttribute]:
         """
         Get attributes for a service.
@@ -1040,10 +1043,10 @@ class Client:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Server:
     CONTINUATION_STATE = bytes([0x01, 0x00])
-    channel: Optional[l2cap.ClassicChannel]
+    channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel | None
     Service = NewType('Service', list[ServiceAttribute])
     service_records: dict[int, Service]
-    current_response: Union[None, bytes, tuple[int, list[int]]]
+    current_response: None | bytes | tuple[int, list[int]]
 
     def __init__(self, device: Device) -> None:
         self.device = device
@@ -1084,8 +1087,8 @@ class Server:
     def on_pdu(self, pdu):
         try:
             sdp_pdu = SDP_PDU.from_bytes(pdu)
-        except Exception as error:
-            logger.warning(color(f'failed to parse SDP Request PDU: {error}', 'red'))
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception(color('failed to parse SDP Request PDU', 'red'))
             self.send_response(
                 SDP_ErrorResponse(
                     transaction_id=0, error_code=SDP_INVALID_REQUEST_SYNTAX_ERROR
@@ -1100,8 +1103,8 @@ class Server:
         if handler:
             try:
                 handler(sdp_pdu)
-            except Exception as error:
-                logger.exception(f'{color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red")} {error}')
+            except Exception:
+                logger.exception(color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red"))
                 self.send_response(
                     SDP_ErrorResponse(
                         transaction_id=sdp_pdu.transaction_id,
@@ -1121,7 +1124,7 @@ class Server:
         self,
         continuation_state: bytes,
         transaction_id: int,
-    ) -> Optional[bool]:
+    ) -> bool | None:
         # Check if this is a valid continuation
         if len(continuation_state) > 1:
             if (