0.11.0 update: add new files

.github/workflows/docs.yml

@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - main
-
-concurrency:
-  group: "pages"
-  cancel-in-progress: false
-
-jobs:
-  build:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
-      - name: Install ALSA headers
-        run: sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev
-      - name: Build HTML documentation
-        run: make -C doc html
-      - name: Upload artifacts
-        uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          path: doc/html
-
-  deploy:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    needs: build
-    permissions:
-      contents: read
-      pages: write
-      id-token: write
-    environment:
-      name: github-pages
-      url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
-    steps:
-      - name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
-        id: deployment
-        uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-# Adapted from: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch:
-  push:
-    tags: "*"
-
-jobs:
-  build_wheels:
-    name: Build wheels on ${{ matrix.os }}
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
-    strategy:
-      matrix:
-        os:
-          - ubuntu-24.04
-          - ubuntu-24.04-arm
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
-      - name: Build wheels
-        run: make build_wheels
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
-          path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
-  
-  build_sdist:
-    name: Build source distribution
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v5
-      - name: Install uv
-        uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
-      - name: Build sdist
-        run: make build_sdist
-      - uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
-        with:
-          name: cibw-sdist
-          path: dist/*.tar.gz
-
-  upload_pypi:
-    needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    environment: pypi
-    permissions:
-      id-token: write
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
-        with:
-          # unpacks all CIBW artifacts into dist/
-          pattern: cibw-*
-          path: dist
-          merge-multiple: true
-      - uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

.gitignore

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-*.pyc
-*.so
-MANIFEST
-doc/gh-pages/
-doc/html/
-doc/doctrees/
-doc/_build/
-gh-pages/
-build/
-dist/
-wheelhouse/
-.vscode/
-/__pycache__/
-*.egg-info/
-*.raw

CHANGES.md

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
-# Version 0.11.0
-- Fixed `Mixer.getvolume()` returning outdated value (#126)
-- Fixed PCM crashing with some sample formats due to buffer size
-  miscalculation
-- Fixed `PCM.read()` ignoring overruns (regression in 0.10.0)
-- Reverted to `PCM.write()` not throwing an exception on playback buffer
-  underrun; instead, return -EPIPE like `PCM.read()` does on overrun (#130)
-- Added `PCM.avail()` and `PCM.polldescriptors_revents()` functions
-- Added `nominal_bits` and `physical_bits` entries to `PCM.info()`'s
-  return value
-- Added Python type hint file, and adjusted documentation accordingly (#58)
-- Improvements to the examples, in particular isine.py (#42)
-
-Contributions by @ossilator and @viinikv.
-
-# Version 0.10.0
-- assorted improvements (#123 from @ossilator)
-  - support for `periods` in the `PCM` constructor.
-  - new functions `PCM.state()`, `PCM.drop()` and `PCM.drain()`
-  - improved underrun/overrun handling
-  - documentation improvements/consolidation (docstrings were removed in favour of online documentation)
-  - more sampling rates
-  - bug fixes
-
-# Version 0.9.2
-- Fix alsamixer_getvolume (#112 from @stephensp)
-
-# Version 0.9.1:
-- Support decibel, percentage, and raw volumes in getvolume, setvolume, and getrange (#109 from @chrisdiamand)
-
-# Version 0.9.0:
-- Added keyword arguments for channels, format, rate and periodsize
-- Deprecated `setchannel`, `setformat`, `setrate` and `setperiodsize`
-
-# Version 0.8.6:
-- Added four methods to the `PCM` class to allow users to get detailed information about the device:
-
-  - `getformats()` returns a dictionary of name / value pairs, one for each of the card's
-    supported formats - e.g. `{"U8": 1, "S16_LE": 2}`,
-  - `getchannels()` returns a list of the supported channel numbers, e.g. `[1, 2]`,
-  - `getrates()` returns supported sample rates for the device, e.g. `[48000]`,
-  - `getratebounds()` returns the device's official minimum and maximum supported
-    sample rates as a tuple, e.g. `(4000, 48000)`.
-
-  (#82 contributed by @jdstmporter)
-
-- Prevent hang on close after capturing audio (#80 contributed by @daym)
-
-# Version 0.8.5:
-- Return an empty string/bytestring when `read()` detects an
-  overrun. Previously the returned data was undefined (contributed by @jcea)
-
-- Unlimited setperiod buffer size when reading frames (contributed by @jcea)
-
-# Version 0.8.4:
-- Fix Python3 API usage broken in 0.8.3
-
-# Version 0.8.3:
-- Add DSD sample formats (contributed by @lintweaker)
-- Add Mixer.handleevents() to acknowledge events identified by select.poll (contributed by @PaulSD)
-- Add functions for listing cards and their names (contributed by @chrisdiamand)
-- Add a method for setting enums (contributed by @chrisdiamand)
-
-# Version 0.8.2:
-- fix #3 (we cannot get the revision from git for pip installs)
-
-# Version 0.8.1:
-- document changes (this file)
-
-# Version 0.8:
-- `PCM()` has new `device` and `cardindex` keyword arguments.
-
-  The keyword `device` allows to select virtual devices, `cardindex` can be
-  used to select hardware cards by index (as with `mixers()` and `Mixer()`).
-
-  The `card` keyword argument is still supported, but deprecated.
-
-  The reason for this change is that the `card` keyword argument guessed
-  a device name from the card name, but this only works sometimes, and breaks
-  opening virtual devices.
-
-- new function `pcms()` to list available PCM devices.
-
-- `mixers()` and `Mixer()` take an additional `device` keyword argument.
-  This allows to list or open virtual devices.
-
-- The default behaviour of `Mixer()` without any arguments has changed.
-  Now Mixer() will try to open the `default` Mixer instead of the Mixer
-  that is associated with card 0.
-
-- fix a memory leak under Python 3.x
-
-- some more memory leaks in error conditions fixed.
-
-# Version 0.7:
-- fixed several memory leaks (patch 3372909), contributed by Erik Kulyk)
-
-# Version 0.6:
-- mostly reverted patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup did not do complete error
-checking for good reasons; some ALSA functions in alsapcm_setup may fail without
-rendering the device unusable
-
-# Version 0.5:
-- applied patch 2777035: Fixed setrec method in alsaaudio.c
-  This included a mixertest with more features
-- fixed/applied patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup does not do any error checking
-
-# Version 0.4:
-- API changes: mixers() and Mixer() now take a card index instead of a
-  card name as optional parameter.
-- Support for Python 3.0
-- Documentation converted to reStructuredText; use Sphinx instead of LaTeX.
-- added `cards()`
-- added `PCM.close()`
-- added `Mixer.close()`
-- added `mixer.getenum()`
-
-# Version 0.3:
-- wrapped blocking calls with `Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`/`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`
-- added pause
-
-# Version 0.2:
-- Many bugfixes related to playback in particular
-- Module documentation in the doc subdirectory
-
-# Version 0.1:
-- Initial version

LICENSE

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-PyAlsaAudio is released under the same conditions as Python itself.
-The original wording of this license can be found below.
-
-
-PSF LICENSE AGREEMENT FOR PYTHON 2.4
-------------------------------------
-
-1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation
-("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and
-otherwise using Python 2.4 software in source or binary form and its
-associated documentation.
-
-2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF
-hereby grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide
-license to reproduce, analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly,
-prepare derivative works, distribute, and otherwise use Python 2.4
-alone or in any derivative version, provided, however, that PSF's
-License Agreement and PSF's notice of copyright, i.e., "Copyright (c)
-2001, 2002, 2003, 2004 Python Software Foundation; All Rights Reserved"
-are retained in Python 2.4 alone or in any derivative version prepared
-by Licensee.
-
-3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on
-or incorporates Python 2.4 or any part thereof, and wants to make
-the derivative work available to others as provided herein, then
-Licensee hereby agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of
-the changes made to Python 2.4.
-
-4. PSF is making Python 2.4 available to Licensee on an "AS IS"
-basis.  PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR
-IMPLIED.  BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND
-DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
-FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON 2.4 WILL NOT
-INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS.
-
-5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON
-2.4 FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS
-A RESULT OF MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 2.4,
-OR ANY DERIVATIVE THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF.
-
-6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material
-breach of its terms and conditions.
-
-7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any
-relationship of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and
-Licensee.  This License Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF
-trademarks or trade name in a trademark sense to endorse or promote
-products or services of Licensee, or any third party.
-
-8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python 2.4, Licensee
-agrees to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License
-Agreement.
-
-

MANIFEST.in

@@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
-graft doc/
-graft examples/

Makefile

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-.PHONY: lint test build_wheels build_sdist build
-
-lint:
-	uv run --group lint pyright; \
-	uv run --group lint stubtest alsaaudio
-
-test:
-	uv run tests/test.py
-
-build_wheels:
-	uvx cibuildwheel==3.1.4
-
-build_sdist:
-	uv build --sdist
-
-build: build_sdist build_wheels

README.md

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-# PyAlsaAudio
-
-For documentation, see http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/
-
-> Author: Casper Wilstrup (cwi@aves.dk)  
-> Maintainer: Lars Immisch (lars@ibp.de)
-
-This package contains wrappers for accessing the
-[ALSA](http://www.alsa-project.org/) API from Python. It
-is currently fairly complete for PCM devices, and has some support for mixers.
-
-If you find bugs in the wrappers please open an issue in the issue tracker.
-Please don't send bug reports regarding ALSA specifically. There are several
-bugs in the ALSA API, and those should be reported to the ALSA team - not
-me.
-
-This software is licensed under the PSF license - the same one used
-by the majority of the python distribution. Basically you can use it
-for anything you wish (even commercial purposes). There is no warranty
-whatsoever.
-
-
-# Installation
-
-## PyPI
-
-To install pyalsaaudio via `pip` (or `easy_install`):
-
-```
-  $ pip install pyalsaaudio
-```
-
-## Manual installation
-
-*Note:* the wrappers need a kernel with ALSA support, and the
-ALSA library and headers. The installation of these varies from distribution
-to distribution.
-
-On Debian or Ubuntu, make sure to install `libasound2-dev`. On Arch,
-install `alsa-lib`. When in doubt, search your distribution for a
-package that contains `libasound.so` and `asoundlib.h`.
-
-First, get the sources and change to the source directory:
-```
-  $ git clone https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio.git
-  $ cd pyalsaaudio
-```
-
-Then, build and install:
-```
-  $ pip install .
-```
-
-# Using the API
-The API documentation is included in the doc subdirectory of the source
-distribution; it is also online on [http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/](http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/).
-
-There are some example programs included with the source:
-
-* [playwav.py](./examples/playwav.py) plays back a wav file
-* [playbacktest.py](./examples/playbacktest.py) plays back raw sound data read from stdin
-* [recordtest.py](./examples/recordtest.py) captures sound from the microphone and writes
-it raw to stdout.
-* [mixertest.py](./examples/mixertest.py) can be used to manipulate the mixers.

TODO

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-- Better example code (aplay,arecord,amixer workalike for example)
-- Implement MIDI/sequencer support.
-

_sources/index.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+alsaaudio documentation
+=======================
+
+.. toctree::
+   :maxdepth: 2
+
+   pyalsaaudio
+   terminology
+   libalsaaudio
+
+
+Github pages
+=================
+
+* `Project page <https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/>`_
+* `Download from pypi <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyalsaaudio>`_
+* `Bug tracker <https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues>`_
+
+
+Indices and tables
+==================
+
+* :ref:`genindex`
+* :ref:`modindex`
+* :ref:`search`
+

_sources/libalsaaudio.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,643 @@
+****************
+:mod:`alsaaudio`
+****************
+
+.. module:: alsaaudio
+   :platform: Linux
+
+
+.. % \declaremodule{builtin}{alsaaudio}	% standard library, in C
+.. % not standard, in C
+
+.. moduleauthor:: Casper Wilstrup <cwi@aves.dk>
+.. moduleauthor:: Lars Immisch <lars@ibp.de>
+                  
+.. % Author of the module code;
+
+
+
+The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
+
+.. % ---- 3.1. ----
+.. % For each function, use a ``funcdesc'' block.  This has exactly two
+.. % parameters (each parameters is contained in a set of curly braces):
+.. % the first parameter is the function name (this automatically
+.. % generates an index entry); the second parameter is the function's
+.. % argument list.  If there are no arguments, use an empty pair of
+.. % curly braces.  If there is more than one argument, separate the
+.. % arguments with backslash-comma.  Optional parts of the parameter
+.. % list are contained in \optional{...} (this generates a set of square
+.. % brackets around its parameter).  Arguments are automatically set in
+.. % italics in the parameter list.  Each argument should be mentioned at
+.. % least once in the description; each usage (even inside \code{...})
+.. % should be enclosed in \var{...}.
+
+
+.. function:: pcms([type=PCM_PLAYBACK])
+
+   List available PCM devices by name.
+   
+   Arguments are:
+
+   * *type* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
+     (default).  
+
+   **Note:**
+
+   For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`, the list of device names should be equivalent
+   to the list of device names that ``aplay -L`` displays on the commandline::
+
+      $ aplay -L
+
+   For :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, the list of device names should be equivalent
+   to the list of device names that  ``arecord -L`` displays on the
+   commandline::
+
+      $ arecord -L
+
+   *New in 0.8*
+
+.. function:: cards()
+
+   List the available ALSA cards by name. This function is only moderately
+   useful. If you want to see a list of available PCM devices, use :func:`pcms`
+   instead.
+   
+
+.. function:: mixers(cardindex=-1, device='default')
+
+   List the available mixers. The arguments are:
+
+   * *cardindex* - the card index. If this argument is given, the device name
+     is constructed as: 'hw:*cardindex*' and
+     the `device` keyword argument is ignored. ``0`` is the first hardware sound
+     card.
+
+   * *device* - the name of the device on which the mixer resides. The default
+     is ``'default'``.
+
+   **Note:** For a list of available controls, you can also use ``amixer`` on
+   the commandline::
+      
+      $ amixer
+
+   To elaborate the example, calling :func:`mixers` with the argument
+   ``cardindex=0`` should give the same list of Mixer controls as::
+
+      $ amixer -c 0
+
+   And calling :func:`mixers` with the argument ``device='foo'`` should give
+   the same list of Mixer controls as::
+
+      $ amixer -D foo
+
+   *Changed in 0.8*:
+   
+   - The keyword argument `device` is new and can be used to
+     select virtual devices. As a result, the default behaviour has subtly
+     changed. Since 0.8, this functions returns the mixers for the default
+     device, not the mixers for the first card.
+
+
+.. _pcm-objects:
+
+PCM Objects
+-----------
+
+PCM objects in :mod:`alsaaudio` can play or capture (record) PCM
+sound through speakers or a microphone. The PCM constructor takes the
+following arguments:
+
+.. class:: PCM(type=PCM_PLAYBACK, mode=PCM_NORMAL, device='default', cardindex=-1)
+
+   This class is used to represent a PCM device (either for playback and
+   recording). The arguments are:
+
+   * *type* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
+     (default).  
+   * *mode* - can be either :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
+     (default). 
+   * *device* - the name of the PCM device that should be used (for example
+     a value from the output of :func:`pcms`). The default value is
+     ``'default'``.
+   * *cardindex* - the card index. If this argument is given, the device name
+     is constructed as 'hw:*cardindex*' and
+     the `device` keyword argument is ignored.
+     ``0`` is the first hardware sound card.
+
+   This will construct a PCM object with these default settings:
+
+   * Sample format: :const:`PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE`
+   * Rate: 44100 Hz 
+   * Channels: 2
+   * Period size: 32 frames
+
+   *Changed in 0.8:*
+   
+   - The `card` keyword argument is still supported,
+     but deprecated. Please use `device` instead.
+
+   - The keyword argument `cardindex` was added.
+
+   The `card` keyword is deprecated because it guesses the real ALSA
+   name of the card. This was always fragile and broke some legitimate usecases.
+   
+     
+PCM objects have the following methods:
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.pcmtype()
+
+   Returns the type of PCM object. Either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or
+   :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`.
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.pcmmode()
+
+   Return the mode of the PCM object. One of :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`,
+   :const:`PCM_ASYNC`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.cardname()
+
+   Return the name of the sound card used by this PCM object.
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.setchannels(nchannels)
+
+   Used to set the number of capture or playback channels. Common
+   values are: ``1`` = mono, ``2`` = stereo, and ``6`` = full 6 channel audio.
+   Few sound cards support more than 2 channels
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.setrate(rate)
+
+   Set the sample rate in Hz for the device. Typical values are ``8000``
+   (mainly used for telephony), ``16000``, ``44100`` (CD quality),
+   ``48000`` and ``96000``.
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.setformat(format)
+
+   The sound *format* of the device. Sound format controls how the PCM device
+   interpret data for playback, and how data is encoded in captures.
+
+   The following formats are provided by ALSA:
+
+   =========================  ===============
+          Format                Description
+   =========================  ===============
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S8``          Signed 8 bit samples for each channel
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U8``          Signed 8 bit samples for each channel
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE``      Signed 16 bit samples for each channel Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE``      Signed 16 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE``      Unsigned 16 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE``      Unsigned 16 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE``      Signed 24 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE``      Signed 24 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)}
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE``      Unsigned 24 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE``      Unsigned 24 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE``      Signed 32 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE``      Signed 32 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE``      Unsigned 32 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE``      Unsigned 32 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE``    32 bit samples encoded as float (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE``    32 bit samples encoded as float (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE``  64 bit samples encoded as float (Little Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE``  64 bit samples encoded as float (Big Endian byte order)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW``      A logarithmic encoding (used by Sun .au files and telephony)
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW``       Another logarithmic encoding
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM``   A 4:1 compressed format defined by the Interactive Multimedia Association.
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_MPEG``        MPEG encoded audio?
+   ``PCM_FORMAT_GSM``         9600 bits/s constant rate encoding for speech
+   =========================  ===============
+   
+
+.. method:: PCM.setperiodsize(period)
+
+   Sets the actual period size in frames. Each write should consist of
+   exactly this number of frames, and each read will return this
+   number of frames (unless the device is in :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, in
+   which case it may return nothing at all)
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.read()
+
+   In :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode, this function blocks until a full period is
+   available, and then returns a tuple (length,data) where *length* is
+   the number of frames of captured data, and *data* is the captured
+   sound frames as a string. The length of the returned data will be 
+   periodsize\*framesize bytes.
+
+   In :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, the call will not block, but will return
+   ``(0,'')`` if no new period has become available since the last
+   call to read.
+
+   In case of an overrun, this function will return a negative size: :const:`-EPIPE`.
+   This indicates that data was lost, even if the operation itself succeeded.
+   Try using a larger periodsize.
+
+.. method:: PCM.write(data)
+
+   Writes (plays) the sound in data. The length of data *must* be a
+   multiple of the frame size, and *should* be exactly the size of a
+   period. If less than 'period size' frames are provided, the actual
+   playout will not happen until more data is written.
+
+   If the device is not in :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, this call will block if
+   the kernel buffer is full, and until enough sound has been played
+   to allow the sound data to be buffered. The call always returns the
+   size of the data provided.
+
+   In :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, the call will return immediately, with a
+   return value of zero, if the buffer is full. In this case, the data
+   should be written at a later time.
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.pause([enable=True])
+
+   If *enable* is :const:`True`, playback or capture is paused.
+   Otherwise, playback/capture is resumed.
+
+
+.. method:: PCM.polldescriptors()
+
+   Returns a tuple of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be used to
+   wait for changes on the mixer with *select.poll*.
+
+   The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python 
+   :const:`select` module.
+
+__ poll_objects_
+
+**A few hints on using PCM devices for playback**
+
+The most common reason for problems with playback of PCM audio is that writes 
+to PCM devices must *exactly* match the data rate of the device.
+
+If too little data is written to the device, it will underrun, and
+ugly clicking sounds will occur. Conversely, of too much data is
+written to the device, the write function will either block
+(:const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode) or return zero (:const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode).
+
+If your program does nothing but play sound, the best strategy is to put the
+device in :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode, and just write as much data to the device as
+possible. This strategy can also be achieved by using a separate
+thread with the sole task of playing out sound.
+
+In GUI programs, however, it may be a better strategy to setup the device,
+preload the buffer with a few periods by calling write a couple of times, and
+then use some timer method to write one period size of data to the device every
+period. The purpose of the preloading is to avoid underrun clicks if the used
+timer doesn't expire exactly on time.
+
+Also note, that most timer APIs that you can find for Python will
+accummulate time delays: If you set the timer to expire after 1/10'th
+of a second, the actual timeout will happen slightly later, which will
+accumulate to quite a lot after a few seconds. Hint: use time.time()
+to check how much time has really passed, and add extra writes as nessecary.
+
+
+.. _mixer-objects:
+
+Mixer Objects
+-------------
+
+Mixer objects provides access to the ALSA mixer API.
+
+
+.. class:: Mixer(control='Master', id=0, cardindex=-1, device='default')
+
+   Arguments are:
+   
+   * *control* - specifies which control to manipulate using this mixer
+     object. The list of available controls can be found with the 
+     :mod:`alsaaudio`.\ :func:`mixers` function.  The default value is
+     ``'Master'`` - other common controls may be ``'Master Mono'``, ``'PCM'``,
+     ``'Line'``, etc.
+
+   * *id* - the id of the mixer control. Default is ``0``.
+
+   * *cardindex* - specifies which card should be used. If this argument
+     is given, the device name is constructed like this: 'hw:*cardindex*' and
+     the `device` keyword argument is ignored. ``0`` is the
+     first sound card. 
+
+   * *device* - the name of the device on which the mixer resides. The default
+     value is ``'default'``.
+   
+   *Changed in 0.8*:
+   
+   - The keyword argument `device` is new and can be used to select virtual
+     devices.
+  
+Mixer objects have the following methods:
+
+.. method:: Mixer.cardname()
+
+   Return the name of the sound card used by this Mixer object
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.mixer()
+
+   Return the name of the specific mixer controlled by this object, For example
+   ``'Master'`` or ``'PCM'``
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.mixerid()
+
+   Return the ID of the ALSA mixer controlled by this object.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.switchcap()
+
+   Returns a list of the switches which are defined by this specific mixer.
+   Possible values in this list are:
+
+   ======================  ================
+   Switch                  Description
+   ======================  ================
+   'Mute'                  This mixer can mute
+   'Joined Mute'           This mixer can mute all channels at the same time
+   'Playback Mute'         This mixer can mute the playback output
+   'Joined Playback Mute'  Mute playback for all channels at the same time}
+   'Capture Mute'          Mute sound capture 
+   'Joined Capture Mute'   Mute sound capture for all channels at a time}
+   'Capture Exclusive'     Not quite sure what this is
+   ======================  ================
+
+   To manipulate these switches use the :meth:`setrec` or
+   :meth:`setmute` methods
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.volumecap()
+
+   Returns a list of the volume control capabilities of this
+   mixer. Possible values in the list are:
+
+   ========================  ================
+   Capability                Description
+   ========================  ================
+   'Volume'                  This mixer can control volume
+   'Joined Volume'           This mixer can control volume for all channels at the same time
+   'Playback Volume'         This mixer can manipulate the playback output
+   'Joined Playback Volume'  Manipulate playback volumne for all channels at the same time
+   'Capture Volume'          Manipulate sound capture volume
+   'Joined Capture Volume'   Manipulate sound capture volume for all channels at a time
+   ========================  ================
+   
+.. method:: Mixer.getenum()
+
+   For enumerated controls, return the currently selected item and  the list of
+   items available.
+
+   Returns a tuple *(string, list of strings)*.
+
+   For example, my soundcard has a Mixer called *Mono Output Select*. Using
+   *amixer*, I get::
+
+      $ amixer get "Mono Output Select"
+      Simple mixer control 'Mono Output Select',0
+        Capabilities: enum
+        Items: 'Mix' 'Mic'
+        Item0: 'Mix'
+
+   Using :mod:`alsaaudio`, one could do::
+
+      >>> import alsaaudio
+      >>> m = alsaaudio.Mixer('Mono Output Select')
+      >>> m.getenum()
+      ('Mix', ['Mix', 'Mic'])
+
+   This method will return an empty tuple if the mixer is not an  enumerated
+   control.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.getmute()
+
+   Return a list indicating the current mute setting for each
+   channel. 0 means not muted, 1 means muted.
+
+   This method will fail if the mixer has no playback switch capabilities.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.getrange([direction])
+
+   Return the volume range of the ALSA mixer controlled by this object.
+
+   The optional *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
+   :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
+   playback and capture volume.  The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
+   if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.getrec()
+
+   Return a list indicating the current record mute setting for each channel. 0
+   means not recording, 1 means recording.
+
+   This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.getvolume([direction])
+
+   Returns a list with the current volume settings for each channel. The list
+   elements are integer percentages.
+
+   The optional *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
+   :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
+   playback and capture volume. The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
+   if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.setvolume(volume, [channel], [direction])
+
+   Change the current volume settings for this mixer. The *volume* argument
+   controls the new volume setting as an integer percentage.
+
+   If the optional argument *channel* is present, the volume is set
+   only for this channel. This assumes that the mixer can control the
+   volume for the channels independently.
+
+   The optional *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
+   :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
+   playback and capture volume. The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
+   if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
+
+.. method:: Mixer.setmute(mute, [channel])
+
+   Sets the mute flag to a new value. The *mute* argument is either 0 for not
+   muted, or 1 for muted.
+
+   The optional *channel* argument controls which channel is
+   muted. The default is to set the mute flag for all channels.
+
+   This method will fail if the mixer has no playback mute capabilities
+
+
+.. method:: Mixer.setrec(capture, [channel])
+
+   Sets the capture mute flag to a new value. The *capture* argument
+   is either 0 for no capture, or 1 for capture.
+
+   The optional *channel* argument controls which channel is
+   changed. The default is to set the capture flag for all channels.
+
+   This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
+
+.. method:: Mixer.polldescriptors()
+
+   Returns a tuple of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be used to
+   wait for changes on the mixer with *select.poll*.
+
+   The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python 
+   :const:`select` module.
+
+__ poll_objects_
+
+.. method:: Mixer.handleevents()
+
+   Acknowledge events on the *polldescriptors* file descriptors
+   to prevent subsequent polls from returning the same events again.
+   Returns the number of events that were acknowledged.
+
+**A rant on the ALSA Mixer API**
+
+The ALSA mixer API is extremely complicated - and hardly documented at all.
+:mod:`alsaaudio` implements a much simplified way to access this API. In
+designing the API I've had to make some choices which may limit what can and
+cannot be controlled through the API. However, if I had chosen to implement the
+full API, I would have reexposed the horrible complexity/documentation ratio of
+the underlying API.  At least the :mod:`alsaaudio` API is easy to
+understand and use.
+
+If my design choises prevents you from doing something that the underlying API
+would have allowed, please let me know, so I can incorporate these needs into
+future versions.
+
+If the current state of affairs annoys you, the best you can do is to write a
+HOWTO on the API and make this available on the net. Until somebody does this,
+the availability of ALSA mixer capable devices will stay quite limited.
+
+Unfortunately, I'm not able to create such a HOWTO myself, since I only
+understand half of the API, and that which I do understand has come from a
+painful trial and error process.
+
+.. % ==== 4. ====
+
+
+.. _pcm-example:
+
+Examples
+--------
+
+The following example are provided:
+
+* `playwav.py`
+* `recordtest.py`
+* `playbacktest.py`
+* `mixertest.py`
+
+All examples (except `mixertest.py`) accept the commandline option 
+*-c <cardname>*.
+
+To determine a valid card name, use the commandline ALSA player::
+
+   $ aplay -L
+
+or::
+
+   $ python
+
+   >>> import alsaaudio
+   >>> alsaaudio.pcms()
+
+mixertest.py accepts the commandline options *-d <device>* and
+*-c <cardindex>*. 
+
+playwav.py
+~~~~~~~~~~
+
+**playwav.py** plays a wav file. 
+
+To test PCM playback (on your default soundcard), run::
+
+   $ python playwav.py <wav file>
+
+recordtest.py and playbacktest.py
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+**recordtest.py** and **playbacktest.py** will record and play a raw
+sound file in CD quality.
+
+To test PCM recordings (on your default soundcard), run::
+
+   $ python recordtest.py <filename>
+
+Speak into the microphone, and interrupt the recording at any time
+with ``Ctl-C``.
+
+Play back the recording with::
+
+   $ python playbacktest.py <filename>
+
+mixertest.py
+~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+Without arguments, **mixertest.py** will list all available *controls* on the
+default soundcard.
+
+The output might look like this::
+   
+  $ ./mixertest.py
+  Available mixer controls:
+     'Master'
+     'Master Mono'
+     'Headphone'
+     'PCM'
+     'Line'
+     'Line In->Rear Out'
+     'CD'
+     'Mic'
+     'PC Speaker'
+     'Aux'
+     'Mono Output Select'
+     'Capture'
+     'Mix'
+     'Mix Mono'
+
+With a single argument - the *control*, it will display the settings of 
+that control; for example::
+
+  $ ./mixertest.py Master
+  Mixer name: 'Master'
+  Capabilities: Playback Volume Playback Mute
+  Channel 0 volume: 61%
+  Channel 1 volume: 61%
+
+With two arguments, the *control* and a *parameter*, it will set the 
+parameter on the mixer::
+
+  $ ./mixertest.py Master mute
+
+This will mute the Master mixer.
+
+Or::
+
+  $ ./mixertest.py Master 40
+
+This sets the volume to 40% on all channels.
+
+To select a different soundcard, use either the *device* or *cardindex*
+argument::
+
+  $ ./mixertest.py -c 0 Master
+  Mixer name: 'Master'
+  Capabilities: Playback Volume Playback Mute
+  Channel 0 volume: 61%
+  Channel 1 volume: 61%
+
+.. rubric:: Footnotes
+
+.. [#f1]   ALSA also allows ``PCM_ASYNC``, but this is not supported yet.
+
+.. _poll_objects: http://docs.python.org/library/select.html#poll-objects

_sources/pyalsaaudio.rst.txt

@@ -86,7 +86,11 @@ ship with ALSA kernels.
 
 To install, execute the following:  ---   ::
 
-   $ pip install .
+   $ python setup.py build
+
+And then as root:  ---   ::
+
+   # python setup.py install
 
 
 *******

_sources/pyalsaaudio.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+************
+Introduction
+************
+
+:Author: Casper Wilstrup <cwi@aves.dk>
+:Author: Lars Immisch <lars@ibp.de>
+
+.. |release| replace:: version
+
+.. % At minimum, give your name and an email address.  You can include a
+.. % snail-mail address if you like.
+
+.. % This makes the Abstract go on a separate page in the HTML version;
+.. % if a copyright notice is used, it should go immediately after this.
+.. % 
+
+
+.. _front:
+
+This software is licensed under the PSF license - the same one used by the
+majority of the python distribution. Basically you can use it for anything you
+wish (even commercial purposes). There is no warranty whatsoever.
+
+.. % Copyright statement should go here, if needed.
+
+.. % The abstract should be a paragraph or two long, and describe the
+.. % scope of the document.
+
+
+.. topic:: Abstract
+
+   This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python. It is
+   currently fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access. MIDI sequencer
+   support is low on our priority list, but volunteers are welcome.
+
+   If you find bugs in the wrappers please use thegithub issue tracker. 
+   Please don't send bug reports regarding ALSA specifically. There are several
+   bugs in this API, and those should be reported to the ALSA team - not me.
+
+
+************
+What is ALSA
+************
+
+The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) provides audio and MIDI
+functionality to the Linux operating system.
+
+Logically ALSA consists of these components:
+
+* A set of kernel drivers. ---  These drivers are responsible for handling the
+  physical sound  hardware from within the Linux kernel, and have been the
+  standard sound implementation in Linux since kernel version 2.5
+
+* A kernel level API for manipulating the ALSA devices.
+
+* A user-space C library for simplified access to the sound hardware from
+  userspace applications. This library is called *libasound* and is required by
+  all ALSA capable applications.
+
+More information about ALSA may be found on the project homepage
+`<http://www.alsa-project.org>`_
+
+
+ALSA and Python
+===============
+
+The older Linux sound API (OSS) which is now deprecated is well supported from
+the standard Python library, through the ossaudiodev module. No native ALSA
+support exists in the standard library.
+
+There are a few other "ALSA for Python" projects available, including at least
+two different projects called pyAlsa. Neither of these seem to be under active
+development at the time - and neither are very feature complete.
+
+I wrote PyAlsaAudio to fill this gap. My long term goal is to have the module
+included in the standard Python library, but that looks currently unlikely.
+
+PyAlsaAudio hass full support for sound capture, playback of sound, as well as
+the ALSA Mixer API.
+
+MIDI support is not available, and since I don't own any MIDI hardware, it's
+difficult for me to implement it. Volunteers to work on this would be greatly
+appreciated.
+
+
+************
+Installation
+************
+
+Note: the wrappers link with the alsasound library (from the alsa-lib package)
+and need the ALSA headers for compilation.  Verify that you have
+/usr/lib/libasound.so and /usr/include/alsa (or similar paths) before building.
+
+*On Debian (and probably Ubuntu), install libasound2-dev.*
+
+Naturally you also need to use a kernel with proper ALSA support. This is the
+default in Linux kernel 2.6 and later. If you are using kernel version 2.4 you
+may need to install the ALSA patches yourself - although most distributions 
+ship with ALSA kernels.
+
+To install, execute the following:  ---   ::
+
+   $ python setup.py build
+
+And then as root:  ---   ::
+
+   # python setup.py install
+
+*******
+Testing
+*******
+
+Make sure that :code:`aplay` plays a file through the soundcard you want, then
+try::
+
+  $ python playwav.py <filename.wav>
+
+If :code:`aplay` needs a device argument, like
+:code:`aplay -D hw:CARD=sndrpihifiberry,DEV=0`, use::
+
+   $ python playwav.py -d hw:CARD=sndrpihifiberry,DEV=0 <filename.wav>
+
+To test PCM recordings (on your default soundcard), verify your
+microphone works, then do::
+
+   $ python recordtest.py -d <device> <filename>
+
+Speak into the microphone, and interrupt the recording at any time
+with ``Ctl-C``.
+
+Play back the recording with::
+
+   $ python playbacktest.py-d <device>  <filename>
+
+There is a minimal test suite in :code:`test.py`, but it is
+a bit dependent on the ALSA configuration and may fail without indicating
+a real problem.
+
+If you find bugs/problems, please file a `bug report
+<https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues>`_.
+

_sources/terminology.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+****************************
+PCM Terminology and Concepts
+****************************
+
+In order to use PCM devices it is useful to be familiar with some concepts and
+terminology.
+
+Sample
+   PCM audio, whether it is input or output, consists of *samples*. 
+   A single sample represents the amplitude of one channel of sound
+   at a certain point in time. A lot of individual samples are
+   necessary to represent actual sound; for CD audio, 44100 samples
+   are taken every second.
+
+   Samples can be of many different sizes, ranging from 8 bit to 64
+   bit precision. The specific format of each sample can also vary -
+   they can be big endian byte integers, little endian byte integers, or
+   floating point numbers.
+
+   Musically, the sample size determines the dynamic range. The
+   dynamic range is the difference between the quietest and the
+   loudest signal that can be resproduced.
+
+Frame
+   A frame consists of exactly one sample per channel. If there is only one 
+   channel (Mono sound) a frame is simply a single sample. If the sound is 
+   stereo, each frame consists of two samples, etc.
+
+Frame size
+   This is the size in bytes of each frame. This can vary a lot: if each sample
+    is 8 bits, and we're handling mono sound, the frame size is one byte. 
+	Similarly in 6 channel audio with 64 bit floating point samples, the frame 
+	size is 48 bytes
+
+Rate
+   PCM sound consists of a flow of sound frames. The sound rate controls how 
+   often the current frame is replaced. For example, a rate of 8000 Hz
+   means that a new frame is played or captured 8000 times per second.
+
+Data rate
+   This is the number of bytes, which must be recorded or provided per
+   second at a certain frame size and rate.
+
+   8000 Hz mono sound with 8 bit (1 byte) samples has a data rate of
+   8000  \* 1 \* 1 = 8 kb/s or 64kbit/s. This is typically used for telephony.
+
+   At the other end of the scale, 96000 Hz, 6 channel sound with 64
+   bit (8 bytes) samples has a data rate of 96000 \* 6 \* 8 = 4608
+   kb/s (almost 5 Mb sound data per second)
+
+Period
+   When the hardware processes data this is done in chunks of frames. The time
+   interval between each processing (A/D or D/A conversion) is known
+   as the period.
+   The size of the period has direct implication on the latency of the
+   sound input or output. For low-latency the period size should be
+   very small, while low CPU resource usage would usually demand
+   larger period sizes. With ALSA, the CPU utilization is not impacted
+   much by the period size, since the kernel layer buffers multiple
+   periods internally, so each period generates an interrupt and a
+   memory copy, but userspace can be slower and read or write multiple
+   periods at the same time.
+
+Period size
+   This is the size of each period in Hz. *Not bytes, but Hz!.* In 
+   :mod:`alsaaudio` the period size is set directly, and it is
+   therefore important to understand the significance of this
+   number. If the period size is configured to for example 32,
+   each write should contain exactly 32 frames of sound data, and each
+   read will return either 32 frames of data or nothing at all.
+
+Once you understand these concepts, you will be ready to use the PCM API. Read
+on.
+
+

_static/alabaster.css

@@ -0,0 +1,701 @@
+@import url("basic.css");
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+div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; padding-top: 0; font-size: 240%; }
+div.body h2 { font-size: 180%; }
+div.body h3 { font-size: 150%; }
+div.body h4 { font-size: 130%; }
+div.body h5 { font-size: 100%; }
+div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }
+
+a.headerlink {
+    color: #DDD;
+    padding: 0 4px;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.headerlink:hover {
+    color: #444;
+    background: #EAEAEA;
+}
+
+div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
+    line-height: 1.4em;
+}
+
+div.admonition {
+    margin: 20px 0px;
+    padding: 10px 30px;
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.admonition tt.xref, div.admonition code.xref, div.admonition a tt {
+    background-color: #FBFBFB;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fafafa;
+}
+
+div.admonition p.admonition-title {
+    font-family: Georgia, serif;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    font-size: 24px;
+    margin: 0 0 10px 0;
+    padding: 0;
+    line-height: 1;
+}
+
+div.admonition p.last {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+div.highlight {
+    background-color: #fff;
+}
+
+dt:target, .highlight {
+    background: #FAF3E8;
+}
+
+div.warning {
+    background-color: #FCC;
+    border: 1px solid #FAA;
+}
+
+div.danger {
+    background-color: #FCC;
+    border: 1px solid #FAA;
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+}
+
+div.error {
+    background-color: #FCC;
+    border: 1px solid #FAA;
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #D52C2C;
+}
+
+div.caution {
+    background-color: #FCC;
+    border: 1px solid #FAA;
+}
+
+div.attention {
+    background-color: #FCC;
+    border: 1px solid #FAA;
+}
+
+div.important {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.note {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.tip {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.hint {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.seealso {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+    border: 1px solid #CCC;
+}
+
+div.topic {
+    background-color: #EEE;
+}
+
+p.admonition-title {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+p.admonition-title:after {
+    content: ":";
+}
+
+pre, tt, code {
+    font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace;
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+.hll {
+    background-color: #FFC;
+    margin: 0 -12px;
+    padding: 0 12px;
+    display: block;
+}
+
+img.screenshot {
+}
+
+tt.descname, tt.descclassname, code.descname, code.descclassname {
+    font-size: 0.95em;
+}
+
+tt.descname, code.descname {
+    padding-right: 0.08em;
+}
+
+img.screenshot {
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+}
+
+table.docutils {
+    border: 1px solid #888;
+    -moz-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+    box-shadow: 2px 2px 4px #EEE;
+}
+
+table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
+    border: 1px solid #888;
+    padding: 0.25em 0.7em;
+}
+
+table.field-list, table.footnote {
+    border: none;
+    -moz-box-shadow: none;
+    -webkit-box-shadow: none;
+    box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+table.footnote {
+    margin: 15px 0;
+    width: 100%;
+    border: 1px solid #EEE;
+    background: #FDFDFD;
+    font-size: 0.9em;
+}
+
+table.footnote + table.footnote {
+    margin-top: -15px;
+    border-top: none;
+}
+
+table.field-list th {
+    padding: 0 0.8em 0 0;
+}
+
+table.field-list td {
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+table.field-list p {
+    margin-bottom: 0.8em;
+}
+
+/* Cloned from
+ * https://github.com/sphinx-doc/sphinx/commit/ef60dbfce09286b20b7385333d63a60321784e68
+ */
+.field-name {
+    -moz-hyphens: manual;
+    -ms-hyphens: manual;
+    -webkit-hyphens: manual;
+    hyphens: manual;
+}
+
+table.footnote td.label {
+    width: .1px;
+    padding: 0.3em 0 0.3em 0.5em;
+}
+
+table.footnote td {
+    padding: 0.3em 0.5em;
+}
+
+dl {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+dl dd {
+    margin-left: 30px;
+}
+
+blockquote {
+    margin: 0 0 0 30px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+ul, ol {
+    /* Matches the 30px from the narrow-screen "li > ul" selector below */
+    margin: 10px 0 10px 30px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+pre {
+    background: #EEE;
+    padding: 7px 30px;
+    margin: 15px 0px;
+    line-height: 1.3em;
+}
+
+div.viewcode-block:target {
+    background: #ffd;
+}
+
+dl pre, blockquote pre, li pre {
+    margin-left: 0;
+    padding-left: 30px;
+}
+
+tt, code {
+    background-color: #ecf0f3;
+    color: #222;
+    /* padding: 1px 2px; */
+}
+
+tt.xref, code.xref, a tt {
+    background-color: #FBFBFB;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #fff;
+}
+
+a.reference {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted #004B6B;
+}
+
+/* Don't put an underline on images */
+a.image-reference, a.image-reference:hover {
+    border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+a.reference:hover {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #6D4100;
+}
+
+a.footnote-reference {
+    text-decoration: none;
+    font-size: 0.7em;
+    vertical-align: top;
+    border-bottom: 1px dotted #004B6B;
+}
+
+a.footnote-reference:hover {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #6D4100;
+}
+
+a:hover tt, a:hover code {
+    background: #EEE;
+}
+
+
+@media screen and (max-width: 870px) {
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar {
+    	display: none;
+    }
+
+    div.document {
+       width: 100%;
+
+    }
+
+    div.documentwrapper {
+    	margin-left: 0;
+    	margin-top: 0;
+    	margin-right: 0;
+    	margin-bottom: 0;
+    }
+
+    div.bodywrapper {
+    	margin-top: 0;
+    	margin-right: 0;
+    	margin-bottom: 0;
+    	margin-left: 0;
+    }
+
+    ul {
+    	margin-left: 0;
+    }
+
+	li > ul {
+        /* Matches the 30px from the "ul, ol" selector above */
+		margin-left: 30px;
+	}
+
+    .document {
+    	width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .footer {
+    	width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .bodywrapper {
+    	margin: 0;
+    }
+
+    .footer {
+    	width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .github {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+
+
+}
+
+
+
+@media screen and (max-width: 875px) {
+
+    body {
+        margin: 0;
+        padding: 20px 30px;
+    }
+
+    div.documentwrapper {
+        float: none;
+        background: #fff;
+    }
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar {
+        display: block;
+        float: none;
+        width: 102.5%;
+        margin: 50px -30px -20px -30px;
+        padding: 10px 20px;
+        background: #333;
+        color: #FFF;
+    }
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar h3, div.sphinxsidebar h4, div.sphinxsidebar p,
+    div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
+        color: #fff;
+    }
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar a {
+        color: #AAA;
+    }
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar p.logo {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+    div.document {
+        width: 100%;
+        margin: 0;
+    }
+
+    div.footer {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+    div.bodywrapper {
+        margin: 0;
+    }
+
+    div.body {
+        min-height: 0;
+        padding: 0;
+    }
+
+    .rtd_doc_footer {
+        display: none;
+    }
+
+    .document {
+        width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .footer {
+        width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .footer {
+        width: auto;
+    }
+
+    .github {
+        display: none;
+    }
+}
+
+
+/* misc. */
+
+.revsys-inline {
+    display: none!important;
+}
+
+/* Make nested-list/multi-paragraph items look better in Releases changelog
+ * pages. Without this, docutils' magical list fuckery causes inconsistent
+ * formatting between different release sub-lists.
+ */
+div#changelog > div.section > ul > li > p:only-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+/* Hide fugly table cell borders in ..bibliography:: directive output */
+table.docutils.citation, table.docutils.citation td, table.docutils.citation th {
+  border: none;
+  /* Below needed in some edge cases; if not applied, bottom shadows appear */
+  -moz-box-shadow: none;
+  -webkit-box-shadow: none;
+  box-shadow: none;
+}
+
+
+/* relbar */
+
+.related {
+    line-height: 30px;
+    width: 100%;
+    font-size: 0.9rem;
+}
+
+.related.top {
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #EEE;
+    margin-bottom: 20px;
+}
+
+.related.bottom {
+    border-top: 1px solid #EEE;
+}
+
+.related ul {
+    padding: 0;
+    margin: 0;
+    list-style: none;
+}
+
+.related li {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+nav#rellinks {
+    float: right;
+}
+
+nav#rellinks li+li:before {
+    content: "|";
+}
+
+nav#breadcrumbs li+li:before {
+    content: "\00BB";
+}
+
+/* Hide certain items when printing */
+@media print {
+    div.related {
+        display: none;
+    }
+}

_static/basic.css

@@ -0,0 +1,925 @@
+/*
+ * basic.css
+ * ~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Sphinx stylesheet -- basic theme.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+/* -- main layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.clearer {
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+div.section::after {
+    display: block;
+    content: '';
+    clear: left;
+}
+
+/* -- relbar ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.related {
+    width: 100%;
+    font-size: 90%;
+}
+
+div.related h3 {
+    display: none;
+}
+
+div.related ul {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0 0 0 10px;
+    list-style: none;
+}
+
+div.related li {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+div.related li.right {
+    float: right;
+    margin-right: 5px;
+}
+
+/* -- sidebar --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.sphinxsidebarwrapper {
+    padding: 10px 5px 0 10px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar {
+    float: left;
+    width: 230px;
+    margin-left: -100%;
+    font-size: 90%;
+    word-wrap: break-word;
+    overflow-wrap : break-word;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul {
+    list-style: none;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul ul,
+div.sphinxsidebar ul.want-points {
+    margin-left: 20px;
+    list-style: square;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul ul {
+    margin-top: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar form {
+    margin-top: 10px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar input {
+    border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1em;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox form.search {
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="text"] {
+    float: left;
+    width: 80%;
+    padding: 0.25em;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar #searchbox input[type="submit"] {
+    float: left;
+    width: 20%;
+    border-left: none;
+    padding: 0.25em;
+    box-sizing: border-box;
+}
+
+
+img {
+    border: 0;
+    max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+/* -- search page ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+ul.search {
+    margin: 10px 0 0 20px;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+ul.search li {
+    padding: 5px 0 5px 20px;
+    background-image: url(file.png);
+    background-repeat: no-repeat;
+    background-position: 0 7px;
+}
+
+ul.search li a {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+ul.search li p.context {
+    color: #888;
+    margin: 2px 0 0 30px;
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+ul.keywordmatches li.goodmatch a {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+/* -- index page ------------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+table.contentstable {
+    width: 90%;
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+table.contentstable p.biglink {
+    line-height: 150%;
+}
+
+a.biglink {
+    font-size: 1.3em;
+}
+
+span.linkdescr {
+    font-style: italic;
+    padding-top: 5px;
+    font-size: 90%;
+}
+
+/* -- general index --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+table.indextable {
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+table.indextable td {
+    text-align: left;
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+table.indextable ul {
+    margin-top: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+    list-style-type: none;
+}
+
+table.indextable > tbody > tr > td > ul {
+    padding-left: 0em;
+}
+
+table.indextable tr.pcap {
+    height: 10px;
+}
+
+table.indextable tr.cap {
+    margin-top: 10px;
+    background-color: #f2f2f2;
+}
+
+img.toggler {
+    margin-right: 3px;
+    margin-top: 3px;
+    cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+div.modindex-jumpbox {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
+    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
+    padding: 0.4em;
+}
+
+div.genindex-jumpbox {
+    border-top: 1px solid #ddd;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ddd;
+    margin: 1em 0 1em 0;
+    padding: 0.4em;
+}
+
+/* -- domain module index --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+table.modindextable td {
+    padding: 2px;
+    border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+
+/* -- general body styles --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.body {
+    min-width: 360px;
+    max-width: 800px;
+}
+
+div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li, div.body blockquote {
+    -moz-hyphens: auto;
+    -ms-hyphens: auto;
+    -webkit-hyphens: auto;
+    hyphens: auto;
+}
+
+a.headerlink {
+    visibility: hidden;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+    color: #551A8B;
+}
+
+h1:hover > a.headerlink,
+h2:hover > a.headerlink,
+h3:hover > a.headerlink,
+h4:hover > a.headerlink,
+h5:hover > a.headerlink,
+h6:hover > a.headerlink,
+dt:hover > a.headerlink,
+caption:hover > a.headerlink,
+p.caption:hover > a.headerlink,
+div.code-block-caption:hover > a.headerlink {
+    visibility: visible;
+}
+
+div.body p.caption {
+    text-align: inherit;
+}
+
+div.body td {
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.first {
+    margin-top: 0 !important;
+}
+
+p.rubric {
+    margin-top: 30px;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+img.align-left, figure.align-left, .figure.align-left, object.align-left {
+    clear: left;
+    float: left;
+    margin-right: 1em;
+}
+
+img.align-right, figure.align-right, .figure.align-right, object.align-right {
+    clear: right;
+    float: right;
+    margin-left: 1em;
+}
+
+img.align-center, figure.align-center, .figure.align-center, object.align-center {
+  display: block;
+  margin-left: auto;
+  margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+img.align-default, figure.align-default, .figure.align-default {
+  display: block;
+  margin-left: auto;
+  margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+.align-left {
+    text-align: left;
+}
+
+.align-center {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+.align-default {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+.align-right {
+    text-align: right;
+}
+
+/* -- sidebars -------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.sidebar,
+aside.sidebar {
+    margin: 0 0 0.5em 1em;
+    border: 1px solid #ddb;
+    padding: 7px;
+    background-color: #ffe;
+    width: 40%;
+    float: right;
+    clear: right;
+    overflow-x: auto;
+}
+
+p.sidebar-title {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+nav.contents,
+aside.topic,
+div.admonition, div.topic, blockquote {
+    clear: left;
+}
+
+/* -- topics ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+nav.contents,
+aside.topic,
+div.topic {
+    border: 1px solid #ccc;
+    padding: 7px;
+    margin: 10px 0 10px 0;
+}
+
+p.topic-title {
+    font-size: 1.1em;
+    font-weight: bold;
+    margin-top: 10px;
+}
+
+/* -- admonitions ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.admonition {
+    margin-top: 10px;
+    margin-bottom: 10px;
+    padding: 7px;
+}
+
+div.admonition dt {
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+p.admonition-title {
+    margin: 0px 10px 5px 0px;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+div.body p.centered {
+    text-align: center;
+    margin-top: 25px;
+}
+
+/* -- content of sidebars/topics/admonitions -------------------------------- */
+
+div.sidebar > :last-child,
+aside.sidebar > :last-child,
+nav.contents > :last-child,
+aside.topic > :last-child,
+div.topic > :last-child,
+div.admonition > :last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+div.sidebar::after,
+aside.sidebar::after,
+nav.contents::after,
+aside.topic::after,
+div.topic::after,
+div.admonition::after,
+blockquote::after {
+    display: block;
+    content: '';
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+/* -- tables ---------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+table.docutils {
+    margin-top: 10px;
+    margin-bottom: 10px;
+    border: 0;
+    border-collapse: collapse;
+}
+
+table.align-center {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+table.align-default {
+    margin-left: auto;
+    margin-right: auto;
+}
+
+table caption span.caption-number {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+table caption span.caption-text {
+}
+
+table.docutils td, table.docutils th {
+    padding: 1px 8px 1px 5px;
+    border-top: 0;
+    border-left: 0;
+    border-right: 0;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;
+}
+
+th {
+    text-align: left;
+    padding-right: 5px;
+}
+
+table.citation {
+    border-left: solid 1px gray;
+    margin-left: 1px;
+}
+
+table.citation td {
+    border-bottom: none;
+}
+
+th > :first-child,
+td > :first-child {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+}
+
+th > :last-child,
+td > :last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+/* -- figures --------------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.figure, figure {
+    margin: 0.5em;
+    padding: 0.5em;
+}
+
+div.figure p.caption, figcaption {
+    padding: 0.3em;
+}
+
+div.figure p.caption span.caption-number,
+figcaption span.caption-number {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+div.figure p.caption span.caption-text,
+figcaption span.caption-text {
+}
+
+/* -- field list styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
+
+table.field-list td, table.field-list th {
+    border: 0 !important;
+}
+
+.field-list ul {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding-left: 1em;
+}
+
+.field-list p {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+.field-name {
+    -moz-hyphens: manual;
+    -ms-hyphens: manual;
+    -webkit-hyphens: manual;
+    hyphens: manual;
+}
+
+/* -- hlist styles ---------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+table.hlist {
+    margin: 1em 0;
+}
+
+table.hlist td {
+    vertical-align: top;
+}
+
+/* -- object description styles --------------------------------------------- */
+
+.sig {
+	font-family: 'Consolas', 'Menlo', 'DejaVu Sans Mono', 'Bitstream Vera Sans Mono', monospace;
+}
+
+.sig-name, code.descname {
+    background-color: transparent;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+.sig-name {
+	font-size: 1.1em;
+}
+
+code.descname {
+    font-size: 1.2em;
+}
+
+.sig-prename, code.descclassname {
+    background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+.optional {
+    font-size: 1.3em;
+}
+
+.sig-paren {
+    font-size: larger;
+}
+
+.sig-param.n {
+	font-style: italic;
+}
+
+/* C++ specific styling */
+
+.sig-inline.c-texpr,
+.sig-inline.cpp-texpr {
+	font-family: unset;
+}
+
+.sig.c   .k, .sig.c   .kt,
+.sig.cpp .k, .sig.cpp .kt {
+	color: #0033B3;
+}
+
+.sig.c   .m,
+.sig.cpp .m {
+	color: #1750EB;
+}
+
+.sig.c   .s, .sig.c   .sc,
+.sig.cpp .s, .sig.cpp .sc {
+	color: #067D17;
+}
+
+
+/* -- other body styles ----------------------------------------------------- */
+
+ol.arabic {
+    list-style: decimal;
+}
+
+ol.loweralpha {
+    list-style: lower-alpha;
+}
+
+ol.upperalpha {
+    list-style: upper-alpha;
+}
+
+ol.lowerroman {
+    list-style: lower-roman;
+}
+
+ol.upperroman {
+    list-style: upper-roman;
+}
+
+:not(li) > ol > li:first-child > :first-child,
+:not(li) > ul > li:first-child > :first-child {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+}
+
+:not(li) > ol > li:last-child > :last-child,
+:not(li) > ul > li:last-child > :last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+ol.simple ol p,
+ol.simple ul p,
+ul.simple ol p,
+ul.simple ul p {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+ol.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p,
+ul.simple > li:not(:first-child) > p {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+ol.simple p,
+ul.simple p {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+aside.footnote > span,
+div.citation > span {
+    float: left;
+}
+aside.footnote > span:last-of-type,
+div.citation > span:last-of-type {
+  padding-right: 0.5em;
+}
+aside.footnote > p {
+  margin-left: 2em;
+}
+div.citation > p {
+  margin-left: 4em;
+}
+aside.footnote > p:last-of-type,
+div.citation > p:last-of-type {
+    margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+aside.footnote > p:last-of-type:after,
+div.citation > p:last-of-type:after {
+    content: "";
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+dl.field-list {
+    display: grid;
+    grid-template-columns: fit-content(30%) auto;
+}
+
+dl.field-list > dt {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    word-break: break-word;
+    padding-left: 0.5em;
+    padding-right: 5px;
+}
+
+dl.field-list > dd {
+    padding-left: 0.5em;
+    margin-top: 0em;
+    margin-left: 0em;
+    margin-bottom: 0em;
+}
+
+dl {
+    margin-bottom: 15px;
+}
+
+dd > :first-child {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+}
+
+dd ul, dd table {
+    margin-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+dd {
+    margin-top: 3px;
+    margin-bottom: 10px;
+    margin-left: 30px;
+}
+
+.sig dd {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+.sig dl {
+    margin-top: 0px;
+    margin-bottom: 0px;
+}
+
+dl > dd:last-child,
+dl > dd:last-child > :last-child {
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+}
+
+dt:target, span.highlighted {
+    background-color: #fbe54e;
+}
+
+rect.highlighted {
+    fill: #fbe54e;
+}
+
+dl.glossary dt {
+    font-weight: bold;
+    font-size: 1.1em;
+}
+
+.versionmodified {
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+.system-message {
+    background-color: #fda;
+    padding: 5px;
+    border: 3px solid red;
+}
+
+.footnote:target  {
+    background-color: #ffa;
+}
+
+.line-block {
+    display: block;
+    margin-top: 1em;
+    margin-bottom: 1em;
+}
+
+.line-block .line-block {
+    margin-top: 0;
+    margin-bottom: 0;
+    margin-left: 1.5em;
+}
+
+.guilabel, .menuselection {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+.accelerator {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+.classifier {
+    font-style: oblique;
+}
+
+.classifier:before {
+    font-style: normal;
+    margin: 0 0.5em;
+    content: ":";
+    display: inline-block;
+}
+
+abbr, acronym {
+    border-bottom: dotted 1px;
+    cursor: help;
+}
+
+.translated {
+    background-color: rgba(207, 255, 207, 0.2)
+}
+
+.untranslated {
+    background-color: rgba(255, 207, 207, 0.2)
+}
+
+/* -- code displays --------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+pre {
+    overflow: auto;
+    overflow-y: hidden;  /* fixes display issues on Chrome browsers */
+}
+
+pre, div[class*="highlight-"] {
+    clear: both;
+}
+
+span.pre {
+    -moz-hyphens: none;
+    -ms-hyphens: none;
+    -webkit-hyphens: none;
+    hyphens: none;
+    white-space: nowrap;
+}
+
+div[class*="highlight-"] {
+    margin: 1em 0;
+}
+
+td.linenos pre {
+    border: 0;
+    background-color: transparent;
+    color: #aaa;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable tbody {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable tr {
+    display: flex;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable td {
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable td.linenos {
+    padding-right: 0.5em;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable td.code {
+    flex: 1;
+    overflow: hidden;
+}
+
+.highlight .hll {
+    display: block;
+}
+
+div.highlight pre,
+table.highlighttable pre {
+    margin: 0;
+}
+
+div.code-block-caption + div {
+    margin-top: 0;
+}
+
+div.code-block-caption {
+    margin-top: 1em;
+    padding: 2px 5px;
+    font-size: small;
+}
+
+div.code-block-caption code {
+    background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+table.highlighttable td.linenos,
+span.linenos,
+div.highlight span.gp {  /* gp: Generic.Prompt */
+  user-select: none;
+  -webkit-user-select: text; /* Safari fallback only */
+  -webkit-user-select: none; /* Chrome/Safari */
+  -moz-user-select: none; /* Firefox */
+  -ms-user-select: none; /* IE10+ */
+}
+
+div.code-block-caption span.caption-number {
+    padding: 0.1em 0.3em;
+    font-style: italic;
+}
+
+div.code-block-caption span.caption-text {
+}
+
+div.literal-block-wrapper {
+    margin: 1em 0;
+}
+
+code.xref, a code {
+    background-color: transparent;
+    font-weight: bold;
+}
+
+h1 code, h2 code, h3 code, h4 code, h5 code, h6 code {
+    background-color: transparent;
+}
+
+.viewcode-link {
+    float: right;
+}
+
+.viewcode-back {
+    float: right;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+div.viewcode-block:target {
+    margin: -1px -10px;
+    padding: 0 10px;
+}
+
+/* -- math display ---------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+img.math {
+    vertical-align: middle;
+}
+
+div.body div.math p {
+    text-align: center;
+}
+
+span.eqno {
+    float: right;
+}
+
+span.eqno a.headerlink {
+    position: absolute;
+    z-index: 1;
+}
+
+div.math:hover a.headerlink {
+    visibility: visible;
+}
+
+/* -- printout stylesheet --------------------------------------------------- */
+
+@media print {
+    div.document,
+    div.documentwrapper,
+    div.bodywrapper {
+        margin: 0 !important;
+        width: 100%;
+    }
+
+    div.sphinxsidebar,
+    div.related,
+    div.footer,
+    #top-link {
+        display: none;
+    }
+}

_static/custom.css

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+/* This file intentionally left blank. */

_static/default.css

@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+/*
+ * default.css_t
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Sphinx stylesheet -- default theme.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2014 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+@import url("basic.css");
+
+/* -- page layout ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+body {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 100%;
+    background-color: #11303d;
+    color: #000;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+div.document {
+    background-color: #1c4e63;
+}
+
+div.documentwrapper {
+    float: left;
+    width: 100%;
+}
+
+div.bodywrapper {
+    margin: 0 0 0 230px;
+}
+
+div.body {
+    background-color: #ffffff;
+    color: #000000;
+    padding: 0 20px 30px 20px;
+}
+
+div.footer {
+    color: #ffffff;
+    width: 100%;
+    padding: 9px 0 9px 0;
+    text-align: center;
+    font-size: 75%;
+}
+
+div.footer a {
+    color: #ffffff;
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+div.related {
+    background-color: #133f52;
+    line-height: 30px;
+    color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+div.related a {
+    color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar {
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h3 {
+    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
+    color: #ffffff;
+    font-size: 1.4em;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    margin: 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h3 a {
+    color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar h4 {
+    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
+    color: #ffffff;
+    font-size: 1.3em;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    margin: 5px 0 0 0;
+    padding: 0;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar p {
+    color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar p.topless {
+    margin: 5px 10px 10px 10px;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar ul {
+    margin: 10px;
+    padding: 0;
+    color: #ffffff;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar a {
+    color: #98dbcc;
+}
+
+div.sphinxsidebar input {
+    border: 1px solid #98dbcc;
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+    font-size: 1em;
+}
+
+
+
+/* -- hyperlink styles ------------------------------------------------------ */
+
+a {
+    color: #355f7c;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a:visited {
+    color: #355f7c;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a:hover {
+    text-decoration: underline;
+}
+
+
+
+/* -- body styles ----------------------------------------------------------- */
+
+div.body h1,
+div.body h2,
+div.body h3,
+div.body h4,
+div.body h5,
+div.body h6 {
+    font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', sans-serif;
+    background-color: #f2f2f2;
+    font-weight: normal;
+    color: #20435c;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;
+    margin: 20px -20px 10px -20px;
+    padding: 3px 0 3px 10px;
+}
+
+div.body h1 { margin-top: 0; font-size: 200%; }
+div.body h2 { font-size: 160%; }
+div.body h3 { font-size: 140%; }
+div.body h4 { font-size: 120%; }
+div.body h5 { font-size: 110%; }
+div.body h6 { font-size: 100%; }
+
+a.headerlink {
+    color: #c60f0f;
+    font-size: 0.8em;
+    padding: 0 4px 0 4px;
+    text-decoration: none;
+}
+
+a.headerlink:hover {
+    background-color: #c60f0f;
+    color: white;
+}
+
+div.body p, div.body dd, div.body li {
+    text-align: justify;
+    line-height: 130%;
+}
+
+div.admonition p.admonition-title + p {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+div.admonition p {
+    margin-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+div.admonition pre {
+    margin-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+div.admonition ul, div.admonition ol {
+    margin-bottom: 5px;
+}
+
+div.note {
+    background-color: #eee;
+    border: 1px solid #ccc;
+}
+
+div.seealso {
+    background-color: #ffc;
+    border: 1px solid #ff6;
+}
+
+div.topic {
+    background-color: #eee;
+}
+
+div.warning {
+    background-color: #ffe4e4;
+    border: 1px solid #f66;
+}
+
+p.admonition-title {
+    display: inline;
+}
+
+p.admonition-title:after {
+    content: ":";
+}
+
+pre {
+    padding: 5px;
+    background-color: #eeffcc;
+    color: #333333;
+    line-height: 120%;
+    border: 1px solid #ac9;
+    border-left: none;
+    border-right: none;
+}
+
+tt {
+    background-color: #ecf0f3;
+    padding: 0 1px 0 1px;
+    font-size: 0.95em;
+}
+
+th {
+    background-color: #ede;
+}
+
+.warning tt {
+    background: #efc2c2;
+}
+
+.note tt {
+    background: #d6d6d6;
+}
+
+.viewcode-back {
+    font-family: sans-serif;
+}
+
+div.viewcode-block:target {
+    background-color: #f4debf;
+    border-top: 1px solid #ac9;
+    border-bottom: 1px solid #ac9;
+}

_static/doctools.js

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/*
+ * doctools.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Base JavaScript utilities for all Sphinx HTML documentation.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+"use strict";
+
+const BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS = new Set([
+  "TEXTAREA",
+  "INPUT",
+  "SELECT",
+  "BUTTON",
+]);
+
+const _ready = (callback) => {
+  if (document.readyState !== "loading") {
+    callback();
+  } else {
+    document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", callback);
+  }
+};
+
+/**
+ * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
+ */
+const Documentation = {
+  init: () => {
+    Documentation.initDomainIndexTable();
+    Documentation.initOnKeyListeners();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * i18n support
+   */
+  TRANSLATIONS: {},
+  PLURAL_EXPR: (n) => (n === 1 ? 0 : 1),
+  LOCALE: "unknown",
+
+  // gettext and ngettext don't access this so that the functions
+  // can safely bound to a different name (_ = Documentation.gettext)
+  gettext: (string) => {
+    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[string];
+    switch (typeof translated) {
+      case "undefined":
+        return string; // no translation
+      case "string":
+        return translated; // translation exists
+      default:
+        return translated[0]; // (singular, plural) translation tuple exists
+    }
+  },
+
+  ngettext: (singular, plural, n) => {
+    const translated = Documentation.TRANSLATIONS[singular];
+    if (typeof translated !== "undefined")
+      return translated[Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR(n)];
+    return n === 1 ? singular : plural;
+  },
+
+  addTranslations: (catalog) => {
+    Object.assign(Documentation.TRANSLATIONS, catalog.messages);
+    Documentation.PLURAL_EXPR = new Function(
+      "n",
+      `return (${catalog.plural_expr})`
+    );
+    Documentation.LOCALE = catalog.locale;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * helper function to focus on search bar
+   */
+  focusSearchBar: () => {
+    document.querySelectorAll("input[name=q]")[0]?.focus();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * Initialise the domain index toggle buttons
+   */
+  initDomainIndexTable: () => {
+    const toggler = (el) => {
+      const idNumber = el.id.substr(7);
+      const toggledRows = document.querySelectorAll(`tr.cg-${idNumber}`);
+      if (el.src.substr(-9) === "minus.png") {
+        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 9)}plus.png`;
+        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = "none"));
+      } else {
+        el.src = `${el.src.substr(0, el.src.length - 8)}minus.png`;
+        toggledRows.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
+      }
+    };
+
+    const togglerElements = document.querySelectorAll("img.toggler");
+    togglerElements.forEach((el) =>
+      el.addEventListener("click", (event) => toggler(event.currentTarget))
+    );
+    togglerElements.forEach((el) => (el.style.display = ""));
+    if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX) togglerElements.forEach(toggler);
+  },
+
+  initOnKeyListeners: () => {
+    // only install a listener if it is really needed
+    if (
+      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS &&
+      !DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS
+    )
+      return;
+
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+      // bail for input elements
+      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
+      // bail with special keys
+      if (event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+
+      if (!event.shiftKey) {
+        switch (event.key) {
+          case "ArrowLeft":
+            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
+
+            const prevLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="prev"]');
+            if (prevLink && prevLink.href) {
+              window.location.href = prevLink.href;
+              event.preventDefault();
+            }
+            break;
+          case "ArrowRight":
+            if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS) break;
+
+            const nextLink = document.querySelector('link[rel="next"]');
+            if (nextLink && nextLink.href) {
+              window.location.href = nextLink.href;
+              event.preventDefault();
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      // some keyboard layouts may need Shift to get /
+      switch (event.key) {
+        case "/":
+          if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) break;
+          Documentation.focusSearchBar();
+          event.preventDefault();
+      }
+    });
+  },
+};
+
+// quick alias for translations
+const _ = Documentation.gettext;
+
+_ready(Documentation.init);

_static/documentation_options.js

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+const DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS = {
+    VERSION: '0.11.0',
+    LANGUAGE: 'en',
+    COLLAPSE_INDEX: false,
+    BUILDER: 'html',
+    FILE_SUFFIX: '.html',
+    LINK_SUFFIX: '.html',
+    HAS_SOURCE: true,
+    SOURCELINK_SUFFIX: '.txt',
+    NAVIGATION_WITH_KEYS: false,
+    SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY: true,
+    ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS: true,
+};

_static/graphviz.css

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * graphviz.css
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Sphinx stylesheet -- graphviz extension.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+img.graphviz {
+    border: 0;
+    max-width: 100%;
+}
+
+object.graphviz {
+    max-width: 100%;
+}

_static/language_data.js

@@ -0,0 +1,199 @@
+/*
+ * language_data.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * This script contains the language-specific data used by searchtools.js,
+ * namely the list of stopwords, stemmer, scorer and splitter.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+var stopwords = ["a", "and", "are", "as", "at", "be", "but", "by", "for", "if", "in", "into", "is", "it", "near", "no", "not", "of", "on", "or", "such", "that", "the", "their", "then", "there", "these", "they", "this", "to", "was", "will", "with"];
+
+
+/* Non-minified version is copied as a separate JS file, if available */
+
+/**
+ * Porter Stemmer
+ */
+var Stemmer = function() {
+
+  var step2list = {
+    ational: 'ate',
+    tional: 'tion',
+    enci: 'ence',
+    anci: 'ance',
+    izer: 'ize',
+    bli: 'ble',
+    alli: 'al',
+    entli: 'ent',
+    eli: 'e',
+    ousli: 'ous',
+    ization: 'ize',
+    ation: 'ate',
+    ator: 'ate',
+    alism: 'al',
+    iveness: 'ive',
+    fulness: 'ful',
+    ousness: 'ous',
+    aliti: 'al',
+    iviti: 'ive',
+    biliti: 'ble',
+    logi: 'log'
+  };
+
+  var step3list = {
+    icate: 'ic',
+    ative: '',
+    alize: 'al',
+    iciti: 'ic',
+    ical: 'ic',
+    ful: '',
+    ness: ''
+  };
+
+  var c = "[^aeiou]";          // consonant
+  var v = "[aeiouy]";          // vowel
+  var C = c + "[^aeiouy]*";    // consonant sequence
+  var V = v + "[aeiou]*";      // vowel sequence
+
+  var mgr0 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C;                      // [C]VC... is m>0
+  var meq1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + "(" + V + ")?$";    // [C]VC[V] is m=1
+  var mgr1 = "^(" + C + ")?" + V + C + V + C;              // [C]VCVC... is m>1
+  var s_v   = "^(" + C + ")?" + v;                         // vowel in stem
+
+  this.stemWord = function (w) {
+    var stem;
+    var suffix;
+    var firstch;
+    var origword = w;
+
+    if (w.length < 3)
+      return w;
+
+    var re;
+    var re2;
+    var re3;
+    var re4;
+
+    firstch = w.substr(0,1);
+    if (firstch == "y")
+      w = firstch.toUpperCase() + w.substr(1);
+
+    // Step 1a
+    re = /^(.+?)(ss|i)es$/;
+    re2 = /^(.+?)([^s])s$/;
+
+    if (re.test(w))
+      w = w.replace(re,"$1$2");
+    else if (re2.test(w))
+      w = w.replace(re2,"$1$2");
+
+    // Step 1b
+    re = /^(.+?)eed$/;
+    re2 = /^(.+?)(ed|ing)$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
+      if (re.test(fp[1])) {
+        re = /.$/;
+        w = w.replace(re,"");
+      }
+    }
+    else if (re2.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re2.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      re2 = new RegExp(s_v);
+      if (re2.test(stem)) {
+        w = stem;
+        re2 = /(at|bl|iz)$/;
+        re3 = new RegExp("([^aeiouylsz])\\1$");
+        re4 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
+        if (re2.test(w))
+          w = w + "e";
+        else if (re3.test(w)) {
+          re = /.$/;
+          w = w.replace(re,"");
+        }
+        else if (re4.test(w))
+          w = w + "e";
+      }
+    }
+
+    // Step 1c
+    re = /^(.+?)y$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      re = new RegExp(s_v);
+      if (re.test(stem))
+        w = stem + "i";
+    }
+
+    // Step 2
+    re = /^(.+?)(ational|tional|enci|anci|izer|bli|alli|entli|eli|ousli|ization|ation|ator|alism|iveness|fulness|ousness|aliti|iviti|biliti|logi)$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      suffix = fp[2];
+      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
+      if (re.test(stem))
+        w = stem + step2list[suffix];
+    }
+
+    // Step 3
+    re = /^(.+?)(icate|ative|alize|iciti|ical|ful|ness)$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      suffix = fp[2];
+      re = new RegExp(mgr0);
+      if (re.test(stem))
+        w = stem + step3list[suffix];
+    }
+
+    // Step 4
+    re = /^(.+?)(al|ance|ence|er|ic|able|ible|ant|ement|ment|ent|ou|ism|ate|iti|ous|ive|ize)$/;
+    re2 = /^(.+?)(s|t)(ion)$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      re = new RegExp(mgr1);
+      if (re.test(stem))
+        w = stem;
+    }
+    else if (re2.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re2.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1] + fp[2];
+      re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
+      if (re2.test(stem))
+        w = stem;
+    }
+
+    // Step 5
+    re = /^(.+?)e$/;
+    if (re.test(w)) {
+      var fp = re.exec(w);
+      stem = fp[1];
+      re = new RegExp(mgr1);
+      re2 = new RegExp(meq1);
+      re3 = new RegExp("^" + C + v + "[^aeiouwxy]$");
+      if (re.test(stem) || (re2.test(stem) && !(re3.test(stem))))
+        w = stem;
+    }
+    re = /ll$/;
+    re2 = new RegExp(mgr1);
+    if (re.test(w) && re2.test(w)) {
+      re = /.$/;
+      w = w.replace(re,"");
+    }
+
+    // and turn initial Y back to y
+    if (firstch == "y")
+      w = firstch.toLowerCase() + w.substr(1);
+    return w;
+  }
+}
+

_static/pygments.css

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+pre { line-height: 125%; }
+td.linenos .normal { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos { color: inherit; background-color: transparent; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+td.linenos .special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+span.linenos.special { color: #000000; background-color: #ffffc0; padding-left: 5px; padding-right: 5px; }
+.highlight .hll { background-color: #ffffcc }
+.highlight { background: #eeffcc; }
+.highlight .c { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment */
+.highlight .err { border: 1px solid #FF0000 } /* Error */
+.highlight .k { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword */
+.highlight .o { color: #666666 } /* Operator */
+.highlight .ch { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Hashbang */
+.highlight .cm { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Multiline */
+.highlight .cp { color: #007020 } /* Comment.Preproc */
+.highlight .cpf { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.PreprocFile */
+.highlight .c1 { color: #408090; font-style: italic } /* Comment.Single */
+.highlight .cs { color: #408090; background-color: #fff0f0 } /* Comment.Special */
+.highlight .gd { color: #A00000 } /* Generic.Deleted */
+.highlight .ge { font-style: italic } /* Generic.Emph */
+.highlight .ges { font-weight: bold; font-style: italic } /* Generic.EmphStrong */
+.highlight .gr { color: #FF0000 } /* Generic.Error */
+.highlight .gh { color: #000080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Heading */
+.highlight .gi { color: #00A000 } /* Generic.Inserted */
+.highlight .go { color: #333333 } /* Generic.Output */
+.highlight .gp { color: #c65d09; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Prompt */
+.highlight .gs { font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Strong */
+.highlight .gu { color: #800080; font-weight: bold } /* Generic.Subheading */
+.highlight .gt { color: #0044DD } /* Generic.Traceback */
+.highlight .kc { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Constant */
+.highlight .kd { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Declaration */
+.highlight .kn { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Namespace */
+.highlight .kp { color: #007020 } /* Keyword.Pseudo */
+.highlight .kr { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Keyword.Reserved */
+.highlight .kt { color: #902000 } /* Keyword.Type */
+.highlight .m { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number */
+.highlight .s { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String */
+.highlight .na { color: #4070a0 } /* Name.Attribute */
+.highlight .nb { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin */
+.highlight .nc { color: #0e84b5; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Class */
+.highlight .no { color: #60add5 } /* Name.Constant */
+.highlight .nd { color: #555555; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Decorator */
+.highlight .ni { color: #d55537; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Entity */
+.highlight .ne { color: #007020 } /* Name.Exception */
+.highlight .nf { color: #06287e } /* Name.Function */
+.highlight .nl { color: #002070; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Label */
+.highlight .nn { color: #0e84b5; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Namespace */
+.highlight .nt { color: #062873; font-weight: bold } /* Name.Tag */
+.highlight .nv { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable */
+.highlight .ow { color: #007020; font-weight: bold } /* Operator.Word */
+.highlight .w { color: #bbbbbb } /* Text.Whitespace */
+.highlight .mb { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Bin */
+.highlight .mf { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Float */
+.highlight .mh { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Hex */
+.highlight .mi { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Integer */
+.highlight .mo { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Oct */
+.highlight .sa { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Affix */
+.highlight .sb { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Backtick */
+.highlight .sc { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Char */
+.highlight .dl { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Delimiter */
+.highlight .sd { color: #4070a0; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Doc */
+.highlight .s2 { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Double */
+.highlight .se { color: #4070a0; font-weight: bold } /* Literal.String.Escape */
+.highlight .sh { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Heredoc */
+.highlight .si { color: #70a0d0; font-style: italic } /* Literal.String.Interpol */
+.highlight .sx { color: #c65d09 } /* Literal.String.Other */
+.highlight .sr { color: #235388 } /* Literal.String.Regex */
+.highlight .s1 { color: #4070a0 } /* Literal.String.Single */
+.highlight .ss { color: #517918 } /* Literal.String.Symbol */
+.highlight .bp { color: #007020 } /* Name.Builtin.Pseudo */
+.highlight .fm { color: #06287e } /* Name.Function.Magic */
+.highlight .vc { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Class */
+.highlight .vg { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Global */
+.highlight .vi { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Instance */
+.highlight .vm { color: #bb60d5 } /* Name.Variable.Magic */
+.highlight .il { color: #208050 } /* Literal.Number.Integer.Long */

_static/searchtools.js

@@ -0,0 +1,619 @@
+/*
+ * searchtools.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * Sphinx JavaScript utilities for the full-text search.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2024 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+"use strict";
+
+/**
+ * Simple result scoring code.
+ */
+if (typeof Scorer === "undefined") {
+  var Scorer = {
+    // Implement the following function to further tweak the score for each result
+    // The function takes a result array [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename]
+    // and returns the new score.
+    /*
+    score: result => {
+      const [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename] = result
+      return score
+    },
+    */
+
+    // query matches the full name of an object
+    objNameMatch: 11,
+    // or matches in the last dotted part of the object name
+    objPartialMatch: 6,
+    // Additive scores depending on the priority of the object
+    objPrio: {
+      0: 15, // used to be importantResults
+      1: 5, // used to be objectResults
+      2: -5, // used to be unimportantResults
+    },
+    //  Used when the priority is not in the mapping.
+    objPrioDefault: 0,
+
+    // query found in title
+    title: 15,
+    partialTitle: 7,
+    // query found in terms
+    term: 5,
+    partialTerm: 2,
+  };
+}
+
+const _removeChildren = (element) => {
+  while (element && element.lastChild) element.removeChild(element.lastChild);
+};
+
+/**
+ * See https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Regular_Expressions#escaping
+ */
+const _escapeRegExp = (string) =>
+  string.replace(/[.*+\-?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, "\\$&"); // $& means the whole matched string
+
+const _displayItem = (item, searchTerms, highlightTerms) => {
+  const docBuilder = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.BUILDER;
+  const docFileSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.FILE_SUFFIX;
+  const docLinkSuffix = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.LINK_SUFFIX;
+  const showSearchSummary = DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.SHOW_SEARCH_SUMMARY;
+  const contentRoot = document.documentElement.dataset.content_root;
+
+  const [docName, title, anchor, descr, score, _filename] = item;
+
+  let listItem = document.createElement("li");
+  let requestUrl;
+  let linkUrl;
+  if (docBuilder === "dirhtml") {
+    // dirhtml builder
+    let dirname = docName + "/";
+    if (dirname.match(/\/index\/$/))
+      dirname = dirname.substring(0, dirname.length - 6);
+    else if (dirname === "index/") dirname = "";
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + dirname;
+    linkUrl = requestUrl;
+  } else {
+    // normal html builders
+    requestUrl = contentRoot + docName + docFileSuffix;
+    linkUrl = docName + docLinkSuffix;
+  }
+  let linkEl = listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("a"));
+  linkEl.href = linkUrl + anchor;
+  linkEl.dataset.score = score;
+  linkEl.innerHTML = title;
+  if (descr) {
+    listItem.appendChild(document.createElement("span")).innerHTML =
+      " (" + descr + ")";
+    // highlight search terms in the description
+    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+      highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
+  }
+  else if (showSearchSummary)
+    fetch(requestUrl)
+      .then((responseData) => responseData.text())
+      .then((data) => {
+        if (data)
+          listItem.appendChild(
+            Search.makeSearchSummary(data, searchTerms, anchor)
+          );
+        // highlight search terms in the summary
+        if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED)  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+          highlightTerms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(listItem, term, "highlighted"));
+      });
+  Search.output.appendChild(listItem);
+};
+const _finishSearch = (resultCount) => {
+  Search.stopPulse();
+  Search.title.innerText = _("Search Results");
+  if (!resultCount)
+    Search.status.innerText = Documentation.gettext(
+      "Your search did not match any documents. Please make sure that all words are spelled correctly and that you've selected enough categories."
+    );
+  else
+    Search.status.innerText = _(
+      "Search finished, found ${resultCount} page(s) matching the search query."
+    ).replace('${resultCount}', resultCount);
+};
+const _displayNextItem = (
+  results,
+  resultCount,
+  searchTerms,
+  highlightTerms,
+) => {
+  // results left, load the summary and display it
+  // this is intended to be dynamic (don't sub resultsCount)
+  if (results.length) {
+    _displayItem(results.pop(), searchTerms, highlightTerms);
+    setTimeout(
+      () => _displayNextItem(results, resultCount, searchTerms, highlightTerms),
+      5
+    );
+  }
+  // search finished, update title and status message
+  else _finishSearch(resultCount);
+};
+// Helper function used by query() to order search results.
+// Each input is an array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename].
+// Order the results by score (in opposite order of appearance, since the
+// `_displayNextItem` function uses pop() to retrieve items) and then alphabetically.
+const _orderResultsByScoreThenName = (a, b) => {
+  const leftScore = a[4];
+  const rightScore = b[4];
+  if (leftScore === rightScore) {
+    // same score: sort alphabetically
+    const leftTitle = a[1].toLowerCase();
+    const rightTitle = b[1].toLowerCase();
+    if (leftTitle === rightTitle) return 0;
+    return leftTitle > rightTitle ? -1 : 1; // inverted is intentional
+  }
+  return leftScore > rightScore ? 1 : -1;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Default splitQuery function. Can be overridden in ``sphinx.search`` with a
+ * custom function per language.
+ *
+ * The regular expression works by splitting the string on consecutive characters
+ * that are not Unicode letters, numbers, underscores, or emoji characters.
+ * This is the same as ``\W+`` in Python, preserving the surrogate pair area.
+ */
+if (typeof splitQuery === "undefined") {
+  var splitQuery = (query) => query
+      .split(/[^\p{Letter}\p{Number}_\p{Emoji_Presentation}]+/gu)
+      .filter(term => term)  // remove remaining empty strings
+}
+
+/**
+ * Search Module
+ */
+const Search = {
+  _index: null,
+  _queued_query: null,
+  _pulse_status: -1,
+
+  htmlToText: (htmlString, anchor) => {
+    const htmlElement = new DOMParser().parseFromString(htmlString, 'text/html');
+    for (const removalQuery of [".headerlinks", "script", "style"]) {
+      htmlElement.querySelectorAll(removalQuery).forEach((el) => { el.remove() });
+    }
+    if (anchor) {
+      const anchorContent = htmlElement.querySelector(`[role="main"] ${anchor}`);
+      if (anchorContent) return anchorContent.textContent;
+
+      console.warn(
+        `Anchored content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via DOM query '[role=main] ${anchor}'. Check your theme or template.`
+      );
+    }
+
+    // if anchor not specified or not found, fall back to main content
+    const docContent = htmlElement.querySelector('[role="main"]');
+    if (docContent) return docContent.textContent;
+
+    console.warn(
+      "Content block not found. Sphinx search tries to obtain it via DOM query '[role=main]'. Check your theme or template."
+    );
+    return "";
+  },
+
+  init: () => {
+    const query = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get("q");
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll('input[name="q"]')
+      .forEach((el) => (el.value = query));
+    if (query) Search.performSearch(query);
+  },
+
+  loadIndex: (url) =>
+    (document.body.appendChild(document.createElement("script")).src = url),
+
+  setIndex: (index) => {
+    Search._index = index;
+    if (Search._queued_query !== null) {
+      const query = Search._queued_query;
+      Search._queued_query = null;
+      Search.query(query);
+    }
+  },
+
+  hasIndex: () => Search._index !== null,
+
+  deferQuery: (query) => (Search._queued_query = query),
+
+  stopPulse: () => (Search._pulse_status = -1),
+
+  startPulse: () => {
+    if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) return;
+
+    const pulse = () => {
+      Search._pulse_status = (Search._pulse_status + 1) % 4;
+      Search.dots.innerText = ".".repeat(Search._pulse_status);
+      if (Search._pulse_status >= 0) window.setTimeout(pulse, 500);
+    };
+    pulse();
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * perform a search for something (or wait until index is loaded)
+   */
+  performSearch: (query) => {
+    // create the required interface elements
+    const searchText = document.createElement("h2");
+    searchText.textContent = _("Searching");
+    const searchSummary = document.createElement("p");
+    searchSummary.classList.add("search-summary");
+    searchSummary.innerText = "";
+    const searchList = document.createElement("ul");
+    searchList.classList.add("search");
+
+    const out = document.getElementById("search-results");
+    Search.title = out.appendChild(searchText);
+    Search.dots = Search.title.appendChild(document.createElement("span"));
+    Search.status = out.appendChild(searchSummary);
+    Search.output = out.appendChild(searchList);
+
+    const searchProgress = document.getElementById("search-progress");
+    // Some themes don't use the search progress node
+    if (searchProgress) {
+      searchProgress.innerText = _("Preparing search...");
+    }
+    Search.startPulse();
+
+    // index already loaded, the browser was quick!
+    if (Search.hasIndex()) Search.query(query);
+    else Search.deferQuery(query);
+  },
+
+  _parseQuery: (query) => {
+    // stem the search terms and add them to the correct list
+    const stemmer = new Stemmer();
+    const searchTerms = new Set();
+    const excludedTerms = new Set();
+    const highlightTerms = new Set();
+    const objectTerms = new Set(splitQuery(query.toLowerCase().trim()));
+    splitQuery(query.trim()).forEach((queryTerm) => {
+      const queryTermLower = queryTerm.toLowerCase();
+
+      // maybe skip this "word"
+      // stopwords array is from language_data.js
+      if (
+        stopwords.indexOf(queryTermLower) !== -1 ||
+        queryTerm.match(/^\d+$/)
+      )
+        return;
+
+      // stem the word
+      let word = stemmer.stemWord(queryTermLower);
+      // select the correct list
+      if (word[0] === "-") excludedTerms.add(word.substr(1));
+      else {
+        searchTerms.add(word);
+        highlightTerms.add(queryTermLower);
+      }
+    });
+
+    if (SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) {  // set in sphinx_highlight.js
+      localStorage.setItem("sphinx_highlight_terms", [...highlightTerms].join(" "))
+    }
+
+    // console.debug("SEARCH: searching for:");
+    // console.info("required: ", [...searchTerms]);
+    // console.info("excluded: ", [...excludedTerms]);
+
+    return [query, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms];
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * execute search (requires search index to be loaded)
+   */
+  _performSearch: (query, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms) => {
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+    const allTitles = Search._index.alltitles;
+    const indexEntries = Search._index.indexentries;
+
+    // Collect multiple result groups to be sorted separately and then ordered.
+    // Each is an array of [docname, title, anchor, descr, score, filename].
+    const normalResults = [];
+    const nonMainIndexResults = [];
+
+    _removeChildren(document.getElementById("search-progress"));
+
+    const queryLower = query.toLowerCase().trim();
+    for (const [title, foundTitles] of Object.entries(allTitles)) {
+      if (title.toLowerCase().trim().includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= title.length/2)) {
+        for (const [file, id] of foundTitles) {
+          let score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / title.length)
+          normalResults.push([
+            docNames[file],
+            titles[file] !== title ? `${titles[file]} > ${title}` : title,
+            id !== null ? "#" + id : "",
+            null,
+            score,
+            filenames[file],
+          ]);
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // search for explicit entries in index directives
+    for (const [entry, foundEntries] of Object.entries(indexEntries)) {
+      if (entry.includes(queryLower) && (queryLower.length >= entry.length/2)) {
+        for (const [file, id, isMain] of foundEntries) {
+          const score = Math.round(100 * queryLower.length / entry.length);
+          const result = [
+            docNames[file],
+            titles[file],
+            id ? "#" + id : "",
+            null,
+            score,
+            filenames[file],
+          ];
+          if (isMain) {
+            normalResults.push(result);
+          } else {
+            nonMainIndexResults.push(result);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    // lookup as object
+    objectTerms.forEach((term) =>
+      normalResults.push(...Search.performObjectSearch(term, objectTerms))
+    );
+
+    // lookup as search terms in fulltext
+    normalResults.push(...Search.performTermsSearch(searchTerms, excludedTerms));
+
+    // let the scorer override scores with a custom scoring function
+    if (Scorer.score) {
+      normalResults.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item)));
+      nonMainIndexResults.forEach((item) => (item[4] = Scorer.score(item)));
+    }
+
+    // Sort each group of results by score and then alphabetically by name.
+    normalResults.sort(_orderResultsByScoreThenName);
+    nonMainIndexResults.sort(_orderResultsByScoreThenName);
+
+    // Combine the result groups in (reverse) order.
+    // Non-main index entries are typically arbitrary cross-references,
+    // so display them after other results.
+    let results = [...nonMainIndexResults, ...normalResults];
+
+    // remove duplicate search results
+    // note the reversing of results, so that in the case of duplicates, the highest-scoring entry is kept
+    let seen = new Set();
+    results = results.reverse().reduce((acc, result) => {
+      let resultStr = result.slice(0, 4).concat([result[5]]).map(v => String(v)).join(',');
+      if (!seen.has(resultStr)) {
+        acc.push(result);
+        seen.add(resultStr);
+      }
+      return acc;
+    }, []);
+
+    return results.reverse();
+  },
+
+  query: (query) => {
+    const [searchQuery, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms] = Search._parseQuery(query);
+    const results = Search._performSearch(searchQuery, searchTerms, excludedTerms, highlightTerms, objectTerms);
+
+    // for debugging
+    //Search.lastresults = results.slice();  // a copy
+    // console.info("search results:", Search.lastresults);
+
+    // print the results
+    _displayNextItem(results, results.length, searchTerms, highlightTerms);
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * search for object names
+   */
+  performObjectSearch: (object, objectTerms) => {
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const objects = Search._index.objects;
+    const objNames = Search._index.objnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+
+    const results = [];
+
+    const objectSearchCallback = (prefix, match) => {
+      const name = match[4]
+      const fullname = (prefix ? prefix + "." : "") + name;
+      const fullnameLower = fullname.toLowerCase();
+      if (fullnameLower.indexOf(object) < 0) return;
+
+      let score = 0;
+      const parts = fullnameLower.split(".");
+
+      // check for different match types: exact matches of full name or
+      // "last name" (i.e. last dotted part)
+      if (fullnameLower === object || parts.slice(-1)[0] === object)
+        score += Scorer.objNameMatch;
+      else if (parts.slice(-1)[0].indexOf(object) > -1)
+        score += Scorer.objPartialMatch; // matches in last name
+
+      const objName = objNames[match[1]][2];
+      const title = titles[match[0]];
+
+      // If more than one term searched for, we require other words to be
+      // found in the name/title/description
+      const otherTerms = new Set(objectTerms);
+      otherTerms.delete(object);
+      if (otherTerms.size > 0) {
+        const haystack = `${prefix} ${name} ${objName} ${title}`.toLowerCase();
+        if (
+          [...otherTerms].some((otherTerm) => haystack.indexOf(otherTerm) < 0)
+        )
+          return;
+      }
+
+      let anchor = match[3];
+      if (anchor === "") anchor = fullname;
+      else if (anchor === "-") anchor = objNames[match[1]][1] + "-" + fullname;
+
+      const descr = objName + _(", in ") + title;
+
+      // add custom score for some objects according to scorer
+      if (Scorer.objPrio.hasOwnProperty(match[2]))
+        score += Scorer.objPrio[match[2]];
+      else score += Scorer.objPrioDefault;
+
+      results.push([
+        docNames[match[0]],
+        fullname,
+        "#" + anchor,
+        descr,
+        score,
+        filenames[match[0]],
+      ]);
+    };
+    Object.keys(objects).forEach((prefix) =>
+      objects[prefix].forEach((array) =>
+        objectSearchCallback(prefix, array)
+      )
+    );
+    return results;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * search for full-text terms in the index
+   */
+  performTermsSearch: (searchTerms, excludedTerms) => {
+    // prepare search
+    const terms = Search._index.terms;
+    const titleTerms = Search._index.titleterms;
+    const filenames = Search._index.filenames;
+    const docNames = Search._index.docnames;
+    const titles = Search._index.titles;
+
+    const scoreMap = new Map();
+    const fileMap = new Map();
+
+    // perform the search on the required terms
+    searchTerms.forEach((word) => {
+      const files = [];
+      const arr = [
+        { files: terms[word], score: Scorer.term },
+        { files: titleTerms[word], score: Scorer.title },
+      ];
+      // add support for partial matches
+      if (word.length > 2) {
+        const escapedWord = _escapeRegExp(word);
+        if (!terms.hasOwnProperty(word)) {
+          Object.keys(terms).forEach((term) => {
+            if (term.match(escapedWord))
+              arr.push({ files: terms[term], score: Scorer.partialTerm });
+          });
+        }
+        if (!titleTerms.hasOwnProperty(word)) {
+          Object.keys(titleTerms).forEach((term) => {
+            if (term.match(escapedWord))
+              arr.push({ files: titleTerms[term], score: Scorer.partialTitle });
+          });
+        }
+      }
+
+      // no match but word was a required one
+      if (arr.every((record) => record.files === undefined)) return;
+
+      // found search word in contents
+      arr.forEach((record) => {
+        if (record.files === undefined) return;
+
+        let recordFiles = record.files;
+        if (recordFiles.length === undefined) recordFiles = [recordFiles];
+        files.push(...recordFiles);
+
+        // set score for the word in each file
+        recordFiles.forEach((file) => {
+          if (!scoreMap.has(file)) scoreMap.set(file, {});
+          scoreMap.get(file)[word] = record.score;
+        });
+      });
+
+      // create the mapping
+      files.forEach((file) => {
+        if (!fileMap.has(file)) fileMap.set(file, [word]);
+        else if (fileMap.get(file).indexOf(word) === -1) fileMap.get(file).push(word);
+      });
+    });
+
+    // now check if the files don't contain excluded terms
+    const results = [];
+    for (const [file, wordList] of fileMap) {
+      // check if all requirements are matched
+
+      // as search terms with length < 3 are discarded
+      const filteredTermCount = [...searchTerms].filter(
+        (term) => term.length > 2
+      ).length;
+      if (
+        wordList.length !== searchTerms.size &&
+        wordList.length !== filteredTermCount
+      )
+        continue;
+
+      // ensure that none of the excluded terms is in the search result
+      if (
+        [...excludedTerms].some(
+          (term) =>
+            terms[term] === file ||
+            titleTerms[term] === file ||
+            (terms[term] || []).includes(file) ||
+            (titleTerms[term] || []).includes(file)
+        )
+      )
+        break;
+
+      // select one (max) score for the file.
+      const score = Math.max(...wordList.map((w) => scoreMap.get(file)[w]));
+      // add result to the result list
+      results.push([
+        docNames[file],
+        titles[file],
+        "",
+        null,
+        score,
+        filenames[file],
+      ]);
+    }
+    return results;
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * helper function to return a node containing the
+   * search summary for a given text. keywords is a list
+   * of stemmed words.
+   */
+  makeSearchSummary: (htmlText, keywords, anchor) => {
+    const text = Search.htmlToText(htmlText, anchor);
+    if (text === "") return null;
+
+    const textLower = text.toLowerCase();
+    const actualStartPosition = [...keywords]
+      .map((k) => textLower.indexOf(k.toLowerCase()))
+      .filter((i) => i > -1)
+      .slice(-1)[0];
+    const startWithContext = Math.max(actualStartPosition - 120, 0);
+
+    const top = startWithContext === 0 ? "" : "...";
+    const tail = startWithContext + 240 < text.length ? "..." : "";
+
+    let summary = document.createElement("p");
+    summary.classList.add("context");
+    summary.textContent = top + text.substr(startWithContext, 240).trim() + tail;
+
+    return summary;
+  },
+};
+
+_ready(Search.init);

_static/sidebar.js

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+/*
+ * sidebar.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * This script makes the Sphinx sidebar collapsible.
+ *
+ * .sphinxsidebar contains .sphinxsidebarwrapper.  This script adds
+ * in .sphixsidebar, after .sphinxsidebarwrapper, the #sidebarbutton
+ * used to collapse and expand the sidebar.
+ *
+ * When the sidebar is collapsed the .sphinxsidebarwrapper is hidden
+ * and the width of the sidebar and the margin-left of the document
+ * are decreased. When the sidebar is expanded the opposite happens.
+ * This script saves a per-browser/per-session cookie used to
+ * remember the position of the sidebar among the pages.
+ * Once the browser is closed the cookie is deleted and the position
+ * reset to the default (expanded).
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2014 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+$(function() {
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+  
+
+  // global elements used by the functions.
+  // the 'sidebarbutton' element is defined as global after its
+  // creation, in the add_sidebar_button function
+  var bodywrapper = $('.bodywrapper');
+  var sidebar = $('.sphinxsidebar');
+  var sidebarwrapper = $('.sphinxsidebarwrapper');
+
+  // for some reason, the document has no sidebar; do not run into errors
+  if (!sidebar.length) return;
+
+  // original margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
+  // with the sidebar expanded
+  var bw_margin_expanded = bodywrapper.css('margin-left');
+  var ssb_width_expanded = sidebar.width();
+
+  // margin-left of the bodywrapper and width of the sidebar
+  // with the sidebar collapsed
+  var bw_margin_collapsed = '.8em';
+  var ssb_width_collapsed = '.8em';
+
+  // colors used by the current theme
+  var dark_color = $('.related').css('background-color');
+  var light_color = $('.document').css('background-color');
+
+  function sidebar_is_collapsed() {
+    return sidebarwrapper.is(':not(:visible)');
+  }
+
+  function toggle_sidebar() {
+    if (sidebar_is_collapsed())
+      expand_sidebar();
+    else
+      collapse_sidebar();
+  }
+
+  function collapse_sidebar() {
+    sidebarwrapper.hide();
+    sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_collapsed);
+    bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_collapsed);
+    sidebarbutton.css({
+        'margin-left': '0',
+        'height': bodywrapper.height()
+    });
+    sidebarbutton.find('span').text('»');
+    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Expand sidebar'));
+    document.cookie = 'sidebar=collapsed';
+  }
+
+  function expand_sidebar() {
+    bodywrapper.css('margin-left', bw_margin_expanded);
+    sidebar.css('width', ssb_width_expanded);
+    sidebarwrapper.show();
+    sidebarbutton.css({
+        'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded-12,
+        'height': bodywrapper.height()
+    });
+    sidebarbutton.find('span').text('«');
+    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
+    document.cookie = 'sidebar=expanded';
+  }
+
+  function add_sidebar_button() {
+    sidebarwrapper.css({
+        'float': 'left',
+        'margin-right': '0',
+        'width': ssb_width_expanded - 28
+    });
+    // create the button
+    sidebar.append(
+        '<div id="sidebarbutton"><span>&laquo;</span></div>'
+    );
+    var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
+    light_color = sidebarbutton.css('background-color');
+    // find the height of the viewport to center the '<<' in the page
+    var viewport_height;
+    if (window.innerHeight)
+ 	  viewport_height = window.innerHeight;
+    else
+	  viewport_height = $(window).height();
+    sidebarbutton.find('span').css({
+        'display': 'block',
+        'margin-top': (viewport_height - sidebar.position().top - 20) / 2
+    });
+
+    sidebarbutton.click(toggle_sidebar);
+    sidebarbutton.attr('title', _('Collapse sidebar'));
+    sidebarbutton.css({
+        'color': '#FFFFFF',
+        'border-left': '1px solid ' + dark_color,
+        'font-size': '1.2em',
+        'cursor': 'pointer',
+        'height': bodywrapper.height(),
+        'padding-top': '1px',
+        'margin-left': ssb_width_expanded - 12
+    });
+
+    sidebarbutton.hover(
+      function () {
+          $(this).css('background-color', dark_color);
+      },
+      function () {
+          $(this).css('background-color', light_color);
+      }
+    );
+  }
+
+  function set_position_from_cookie() {
+    if (!document.cookie)
+      return;
+    var items = document.cookie.split(';');
+    for(var k=0; k<items.length; k++) {
+      var key_val = items[k].split('=');
+      var key = key_val[0].replace(/ /, "");  // strip leading spaces
+      if (key == 'sidebar') {
+        var value = key_val[1];
+        if ((value == 'collapsed') && (!sidebar_is_collapsed()))
+          collapse_sidebar();
+        else if ((value == 'expanded') && (sidebar_is_collapsed()))
+          expand_sidebar();
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  add_sidebar_button();
+  var sidebarbutton = $('#sidebarbutton');
+  set_position_from_cookie();
+});

_static/sphinx_highlight.js

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/* Highlighting utilities for Sphinx HTML documentation. */
+"use strict";
+
+const SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED = true
+
+/**
+ * highlight a given string on a node by wrapping it in
+ * span elements with the given class name.
+ */
+const _highlight = (node, addItems, text, className) => {
+  if (node.nodeType === Node.TEXT_NODE) {
+    const val = node.nodeValue;
+    const parent = node.parentNode;
+    const pos = val.toLowerCase().indexOf(text);
+    if (
+      pos >= 0 &&
+      !parent.classList.contains(className) &&
+      !parent.classList.contains("nohighlight")
+    ) {
+      let span;
+
+      const closestNode = parent.closest("body, svg, foreignObject");
+      const isInSVG = closestNode && closestNode.matches("svg");
+      if (isInSVG) {
+        span = document.createElementNS("http://www.w3.org/2000/svg", "tspan");
+      } else {
+        span = document.createElement("span");
+        span.classList.add(className);
+      }
+
+      span.appendChild(document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos, text.length)));
+      const rest = document.createTextNode(val.substr(pos + text.length));
+      parent.insertBefore(
+        span,
+        parent.insertBefore(
+          rest,
+          node.nextSibling
+        )
+      );
+      node.nodeValue = val.substr(0, pos);
+      /* There may be more occurrences of search term in this node. So call this
+       * function recursively on the remaining fragment.
+       */
+      _highlight(rest, addItems, text, className);
+
+      if (isInSVG) {
+        const rect = document.createElementNS(
+          "http://www.w3.org/2000/svg",
+          "rect"
+        );
+        const bbox = parent.getBBox();
+        rect.x.baseVal.value = bbox.x;
+        rect.y.baseVal.value = bbox.y;
+        rect.width.baseVal.value = bbox.width;
+        rect.height.baseVal.value = bbox.height;
+        rect.setAttribute("class", className);
+        addItems.push({ parent: parent, target: rect });
+      }
+    }
+  } else if (node.matches && !node.matches("button, select, textarea")) {
+    node.childNodes.forEach((el) => _highlight(el, addItems, text, className));
+  }
+};
+const _highlightText = (thisNode, text, className) => {
+  let addItems = [];
+  _highlight(thisNode, addItems, text, className);
+  addItems.forEach((obj) =>
+    obj.parent.insertAdjacentElement("beforebegin", obj.target)
+  );
+};
+
+/**
+ * Small JavaScript module for the documentation.
+ */
+const SphinxHighlight = {
+
+  /**
+   * highlight the search words provided in localstorage in the text
+   */
+  highlightSearchWords: () => {
+    if (!SPHINX_HIGHLIGHT_ENABLED) return;  // bail if no highlight
+
+    // get and clear terms from localstorage
+    const url = new URL(window.location);
+    const highlight =
+        localStorage.getItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+        || url.searchParams.get("highlight")
+        || "";
+    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+    url.searchParams.delete("highlight");
+    window.history.replaceState({}, "", url);
+
+    // get individual terms from highlight string
+    const terms = highlight.toLowerCase().split(/\s+/).filter(x => x);
+    if (terms.length === 0) return; // nothing to do
+
+    // There should never be more than one element matching "div.body"
+    const divBody = document.querySelectorAll("div.body");
+    const body = divBody.length ? divBody[0] : document.querySelector("body");
+    window.setTimeout(() => {
+      terms.forEach((term) => _highlightText(body, term, "highlighted"));
+    }, 10);
+
+    const searchBox = document.getElementById("searchbox");
+    if (searchBox === null) return;
+    searchBox.appendChild(
+      document
+        .createRange()
+        .createContextualFragment(
+          '<p class="highlight-link">' +
+            '<a href="javascript:SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords()">' +
+            _("Hide Search Matches") +
+            "</a></p>"
+        )
+    );
+  },
+
+  /**
+   * helper function to hide the search marks again
+   */
+  hideSearchWords: () => {
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll("#searchbox .highlight-link")
+      .forEach((el) => el.remove());
+    document
+      .querySelectorAll("span.highlighted")
+      .forEach((el) => el.classList.remove("highlighted"));
+    localStorage.removeItem("sphinx_highlight_terms")
+  },
+
+  initEscapeListener: () => {
+    // only install a listener if it is really needed
+    if (!DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS) return;
+
+    document.addEventListener("keydown", (event) => {
+      // bail for input elements
+      if (BLACKLISTED_KEY_CONTROL_ELEMENTS.has(document.activeElement.tagName)) return;
+      // bail with special keys
+      if (event.shiftKey || event.altKey || event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey) return;
+      if (DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.ENABLE_SEARCH_SHORTCUTS && (event.key === "Escape")) {
+        SphinxHighlight.hideSearchWords();
+        event.preventDefault();
+      }
+    });
+  },
+};
+
+_ready(() => {
+  /* Do not call highlightSearchWords() when we are on the search page.
+   * It will highlight words from the *previous* search query.
+   */
+  if (typeof Search === "undefined") SphinxHighlight.highlightSearchWords();
+  SphinxHighlight.initEscapeListener();
+});

_static/underscore-1.3.1.js

@@ -0,0 +1,999 @@
+//     Underscore.js 1.3.1
+//     (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+//     Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license.
+//     Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype,
+//     Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
+//     For all details and documentation:
+//     http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore
+
+(function() {
+
+  // Baseline setup
+  // --------------
+
+  // Establish the root object, `window` in the browser, or `global` on the server.
+  var root = this;
+
+  // Save the previous value of the `_` variable.
+  var previousUnderscore = root._;
+
+  // Establish the object that gets returned to break out of a loop iteration.
+  var breaker = {};
+
+  // Save bytes in the minified (but not gzipped) version:
+  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;
+
+  // Create quick reference variables for speed access to core prototypes.
+  var slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
+      unshift          = ArrayProto.unshift,
+      toString         = ObjProto.toString,
+      hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;
+
+  // All **ECMAScript 5** native function implementations that we hope to use
+  // are declared here.
+  var
+    nativeForEach      = ArrayProto.forEach,
+    nativeMap          = ArrayProto.map,
+    nativeReduce       = ArrayProto.reduce,
+    nativeReduceRight  = ArrayProto.reduceRight,
+    nativeFilter       = ArrayProto.filter,
+    nativeEvery        = ArrayProto.every,
+    nativeSome         = ArrayProto.some,
+    nativeIndexOf      = ArrayProto.indexOf,
+    nativeLastIndexOf  = ArrayProto.lastIndexOf,
+    nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
+    nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
+    nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind;
+
+  // Create a safe reference to the Underscore object for use below.
+  var _ = function(obj) { return new wrapper(obj); };
+
+  // Export the Underscore object for **Node.js**, with
+  // backwards-compatibility for the old `require()` API. If we're in
+  // the browser, add `_` as a global object via a string identifier,
+  // for Closure Compiler "advanced" mode.
+  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
+    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
+      exports = module.exports = _;
+    }
+    exports._ = _;
+  } else {
+    root['_'] = _;
+  }
+
+  // Current version.
+  _.VERSION = '1.3.1';
+
+  // Collection Functions
+  // --------------------
+
+  // The cornerstone, an `each` implementation, aka `forEach`.
+  // Handles objects with the built-in `forEach`, arrays, and raw objects.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `forEach` if available.
+  var each = _.each = _.forEach = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    if (obj == null) return;
+    if (nativeForEach && obj.forEach === nativeForEach) {
+      obj.forEach(iterator, context);
+    } else if (obj.length === +obj.length) {
+      for (var i = 0, l = obj.length; i < l; i++) {
+        if (i in obj && iterator.call(context, obj[i], i, obj) === breaker) return;
+      }
+    } else {
+      for (var key in obj) {
+        if (_.has(obj, key)) {
+          if (iterator.call(context, obj[key], key, obj) === breaker) return;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Return the results of applying the iterator to each element.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `map` if available.
+  _.map = _.collect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    if (nativeMap && obj.map === nativeMap) return obj.map(iterator, context);
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      results[results.length] = iterator.call(context, value, index, list);
+    });
+    if (obj.length === +obj.length) results.length = obj.length;
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // **Reduce** builds up a single result from a list of values, aka `inject`,
+  // or `foldl`. Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduce` if available.
+  _.reduce = _.foldl = _.inject = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
+    var initial = arguments.length > 2;
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    if (nativeReduce && obj.reduce === nativeReduce) {
+      if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
+      return initial ? obj.reduce(iterator, memo) : obj.reduce(iterator);
+    }
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (!initial) {
+        memo = value;
+        initial = true;
+      } else {
+        memo = iterator.call(context, memo, value, index, list);
+      }
+    });
+    if (!initial) throw new TypeError('Reduce of empty array with no initial value');
+    return memo;
+  };
+
+  // The right-associative version of reduce, also known as `foldr`.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `reduceRight` if available.
+  _.reduceRight = _.foldr = function(obj, iterator, memo, context) {
+    var initial = arguments.length > 2;
+    if (obj == null) obj = [];
+    if (nativeReduceRight && obj.reduceRight === nativeReduceRight) {
+      if (context) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
+      return initial ? obj.reduceRight(iterator, memo) : obj.reduceRight(iterator);
+    }
+    var reversed = _.toArray(obj).reverse();
+    if (context && !initial) iterator = _.bind(iterator, context);
+    return initial ? _.reduce(reversed, iterator, memo, context) : _.reduce(reversed, iterator);
+  };
+
+  // Return the first value which passes a truth test. Aliased as `detect`.
+  _.find = _.detect = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    var result;
+    any(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) {
+        result = value;
+        return true;
+      }
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements that pass a truth test.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `filter` if available.
+  // Aliased as `select`.
+  _.filter = _.select = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    if (nativeFilter && obj.filter === nativeFilter) return obj.filter(iterator, context);
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results[results.length] = value;
+    });
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Return all the elements for which a truth test fails.
+  _.reject = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    var results = [];
+    if (obj == null) return results;
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (!iterator.call(context, value, index, list)) results[results.length] = value;
+    });
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // Determine whether all of the elements match a truth test.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `every` if available.
+  // Aliased as `all`.
+  _.every = _.all = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    var result = true;
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (nativeEvery && obj.every === nativeEvery) return obj.every(iterator, context);
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (!(result = result && iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if at least one element in the object matches a truth test.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `some` if available.
+  // Aliased as `any`.
+  var any = _.some = _.any = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
+    var result = false;
+    if (obj == null) return result;
+    if (nativeSome && obj.some === nativeSome) return obj.some(iterator, context);
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (result || (result = iterator.call(context, value, index, list))) return breaker;
+    });
+    return !!result;
+  };
+
+  // Determine if a given value is included in the array or object using `===`.
+  // Aliased as `contains`.
+  _.include = _.contains = function(obj, target) {
+    var found = false;
+    if (obj == null) return found;
+    if (nativeIndexOf && obj.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return obj.indexOf(target) != -1;
+    found = any(obj, function(value) {
+      return value === target;
+    });
+    return found;
+  };
+
+  // Invoke a method (with arguments) on every item in a collection.
+  _.invoke = function(obj, method) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return _.map(obj, function(value) {
+      return (_.isFunction(method) ? method || value : value[method]).apply(value, args);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Convenience version of a common use case of `map`: fetching a property.
+  _.pluck = function(obj, key) {
+    return _.map(obj, function(value){ return value[key]; });
+  };
+
+  // Return the maximum element or (element-based computation).
+  _.max = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.max.apply(Math, obj);
+    if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return -Infinity;
+    var result = {computed : -Infinity};
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
+      computed >= result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
+    });
+    return result.value;
+  };
+
+  // Return the minimum element (or element-based computation).
+  _.min = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    if (!iterator && _.isArray(obj)) return Math.min.apply(Math, obj);
+    if (!iterator && _.isEmpty(obj)) return Infinity;
+    var result = {computed : Infinity};
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      var computed = iterator ? iterator.call(context, value, index, list) : value;
+      computed < result.computed && (result = {value : value, computed : computed});
+    });
+    return result.value;
+  };
+
+  // Shuffle an array.
+  _.shuffle = function(obj) {
+    var shuffled = [], rand;
+    each(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      if (index == 0) {
+        shuffled[0] = value;
+      } else {
+        rand = Math.floor(Math.random() * (index + 1));
+        shuffled[index] = shuffled[rand];
+        shuffled[rand] = value;
+      }
+    });
+    return shuffled;
+  };
+
+  // Sort the object's values by a criterion produced by an iterator.
+  _.sortBy = function(obj, iterator, context) {
+    return _.pluck(_.map(obj, function(value, index, list) {
+      return {
+        value : value,
+        criteria : iterator.call(context, value, index, list)
+      };
+    }).sort(function(left, right) {
+      var a = left.criteria, b = right.criteria;
+      return a < b ? -1 : a > b ? 1 : 0;
+    }), 'value');
+  };
+
+  // Groups the object's values by a criterion. Pass either a string attribute
+  // to group by, or a function that returns the criterion.
+  _.groupBy = function(obj, val) {
+    var result = {};
+    var iterator = _.isFunction(val) ? val : function(obj) { return obj[val]; };
+    each(obj, function(value, index) {
+      var key = iterator(value, index);
+      (result[key] || (result[key] = [])).push(value);
+    });
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Use a comparator function to figure out at what index an object should
+  // be inserted so as to maintain order. Uses binary search.
+  _.sortedIndex = function(array, obj, iterator) {
+    iterator || (iterator = _.identity);
+    var low = 0, high = array.length;
+    while (low < high) {
+      var mid = (low + high) >> 1;
+      iterator(array[mid]) < iterator(obj) ? low = mid + 1 : high = mid;
+    }
+    return low;
+  };
+
+  // Safely convert anything iterable into a real, live array.
+  _.toArray = function(iterable) {
+    if (!iterable)                return [];
+    if (iterable.toArray)         return iterable.toArray();
+    if (_.isArray(iterable))      return slice.call(iterable);
+    if (_.isArguments(iterable))  return slice.call(iterable);
+    return _.values(iterable);
+  };
+
+  // Return the number of elements in an object.
+  _.size = function(obj) {
+    return _.toArray(obj).length;
+  };
+
+  // Array Functions
+  // ---------------
+
+  // Get the first element of an array. Passing **n** will return the first N
+  // values in the array. Aliased as `head`. The **guard** check allows it to work
+  // with `_.map`.
+  _.first = _.head = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return (n != null) && !guard ? slice.call(array, 0, n) : array[0];
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the last entry of the array. Especcialy useful on
+  // the arguments object. Passing **n** will return all the values in
+  // the array, excluding the last N. The **guard** check allows it to work with
+  // `_.map`.
+  _.initial = function(array, n, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, 0, array.length - ((n == null) || guard ? 1 : n));
+  };
+
+  // Get the last element of an array. Passing **n** will return the last N
+  // values in the array. The **guard** check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.last = function(array, n, guard) {
+    if ((n != null) && !guard) {
+      return slice.call(array, Math.max(array.length - n, 0));
+    } else {
+      return array[array.length - 1];
+    }
+  };
+
+  // Returns everything but the first entry of the array. Aliased as `tail`.
+  // Especially useful on the arguments object. Passing an **index** will return
+  // the rest of the values in the array from that index onward. The **guard**
+  // check allows it to work with `_.map`.
+  _.rest = _.tail = function(array, index, guard) {
+    return slice.call(array, (index == null) || guard ? 1 : index);
+  };
+
+  // Trim out all falsy values from an array.
+  _.compact = function(array) {
+    return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !!value; });
+  };
+
+  // Return a completely flattened version of an array.
+  _.flatten = function(array, shallow) {
+    return _.reduce(array, function(memo, value) {
+      if (_.isArray(value)) return memo.concat(shallow ? value : _.flatten(value));
+      memo[memo.length] = value;
+      return memo;
+    }, []);
+  };
+
+  // Return a version of the array that does not contain the specified value(s).
+  _.without = function(array) {
+    return _.difference(array, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+  };
+
+  // Produce a duplicate-free version of the array. If the array has already
+  // been sorted, you have the option of using a faster algorithm.
+  // Aliased as `unique`.
+  _.uniq = _.unique = function(array, isSorted, iterator) {
+    var initial = iterator ? _.map(array, iterator) : array;
+    var result = [];
+    _.reduce(initial, function(memo, el, i) {
+      if (0 == i || (isSorted === true ? _.last(memo) != el : !_.include(memo, el))) {
+        memo[memo.length] = el;
+        result[result.length] = array[i];
+      }
+      return memo;
+    }, []);
+    return result;
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains the union: each distinct element from all of
+  // the passed-in arrays.
+  _.union = function() {
+    return _.uniq(_.flatten(arguments, true));
+  };
+
+  // Produce an array that contains every item shared between all the
+  // passed-in arrays. (Aliased as "intersect" for back-compat.)
+  _.intersection = _.intersect = function(array) {
+    var rest = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    return _.filter(_.uniq(array), function(item) {
+      return _.every(rest, function(other) {
+        return _.indexOf(other, item) >= 0;
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Take the difference between one array and a number of other arrays.
+  // Only the elements present in just the first array will remain.
+  _.difference = function(array) {
+    var rest = _.flatten(slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    return _.filter(array, function(value){ return !_.include(rest, value); });
+  };
+
+  // Zip together multiple lists into a single array -- elements that share
+  // an index go together.
+  _.zip = function() {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments);
+    var length = _.max(_.pluck(args, 'length'));
+    var results = new Array(length);
+    for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) results[i] = _.pluck(args, "" + i);
+    return results;
+  };
+
+  // If the browser doesn't supply us with indexOf (I'm looking at you, **MSIE**),
+  // we need this function. Return the position of the first occurrence of an
+  // item in an array, or -1 if the item is not included in the array.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `indexOf` if available.
+  // If the array is large and already in sort order, pass `true`
+  // for **isSorted** to use binary search.
+  _.indexOf = function(array, item, isSorted) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    var i, l;
+    if (isSorted) {
+      i = _.sortedIndex(array, item);
+      return array[i] === item ? i : -1;
+    }
+    if (nativeIndexOf && array.indexOf === nativeIndexOf) return array.indexOf(item);
+    for (i = 0, l = array.length; i < l; i++) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `lastIndexOf` if available.
+  _.lastIndexOf = function(array, item) {
+    if (array == null) return -1;
+    if (nativeLastIndexOf && array.lastIndexOf === nativeLastIndexOf) return array.lastIndexOf(item);
+    var i = array.length;
+    while (i--) if (i in array && array[i] === item) return i;
+    return -1;
+  };
+
+  // Generate an integer Array containing an arithmetic progression. A port of
+  // the native Python `range()` function. See
+  // [the Python documentation](http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html#range).
+  _.range = function(start, stop, step) {
+    if (arguments.length <= 1) {
+      stop = start || 0;
+      start = 0;
+    }
+    step = arguments[2] || 1;
+
+    var len = Math.max(Math.ceil((stop - start) / step), 0);
+    var idx = 0;
+    var range = new Array(len);
+
+    while(idx < len) {
+      range[idx++] = start;
+      start += step;
+    }
+
+    return range;
+  };
+
+  // Function (ahem) Functions
+  // ------------------
+
+  // Reusable constructor function for prototype setting.
+  var ctor = function(){};
+
+  // Create a function bound to a given object (assigning `this`, and arguments,
+  // optionally). Binding with arguments is also known as `curry`.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Function.bind` if available.
+  // We check for `func.bind` first, to fail fast when `func` is undefined.
+  _.bind = function bind(func, context) {
+    var bound, args;
+    if (func.bind === nativeBind && nativeBind) return nativeBind.apply(func, slice.call(arguments, 1));
+    if (!_.isFunction(func)) throw new TypeError;
+    args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return bound = function() {
+      if (!(this instanceof bound)) return func.apply(context, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      ctor.prototype = func.prototype;
+      var self = new ctor;
+      var result = func.apply(self, args.concat(slice.call(arguments)));
+      if (Object(result) === result) return result;
+      return self;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Bind all of an object's methods to that object. Useful for ensuring that
+  // all callbacks defined on an object belong to it.
+  _.bindAll = function(obj) {
+    var funcs = slice.call(arguments, 1);
+    if (funcs.length == 0) funcs = _.functions(obj);
+    each(funcs, function(f) { obj[f] = _.bind(obj[f], obj); });
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Memoize an expensive function by storing its results.
+  _.memoize = function(func, hasher) {
+    var memo = {};
+    hasher || (hasher = _.identity);
+    return function() {
+      var key = hasher.apply(this, arguments);
+      return _.has(memo, key) ? memo[key] : (memo[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Delays a function for the given number of milliseconds, and then calls
+  // it with the arguments supplied.
+  _.delay = function(func, wait) {
+    var args = slice.call(arguments, 2);
+    return setTimeout(function(){ return func.apply(func, args); }, wait);
+  };
+
+  // Defers a function, scheduling it to run after the current call stack has
+  // cleared.
+  _.defer = function(func) {
+    return _.delay.apply(_, [func, 1].concat(slice.call(arguments, 1)));
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, when invoked, will only be triggered at most once
+  // during a given window of time.
+  _.throttle = function(func, wait) {
+    var context, args, timeout, throttling, more;
+    var whenDone = _.debounce(function(){ more = throttling = false; }, wait);
+    return function() {
+      context = this; args = arguments;
+      var later = function() {
+        timeout = null;
+        if (more) func.apply(context, args);
+        whenDone();
+      };
+      if (!timeout) timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+      if (throttling) {
+        more = true;
+      } else {
+        func.apply(context, args);
+      }
+      whenDone();
+      throttling = true;
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function, that, as long as it continues to be invoked, will not
+  // be triggered. The function will be called after it stops being called for
+  // N milliseconds.
+  _.debounce = function(func, wait) {
+    var timeout;
+    return function() {
+      var context = this, args = arguments;
+      var later = function() {
+        timeout = null;
+        func.apply(context, args);
+      };
+      clearTimeout(timeout);
+      timeout = setTimeout(later, wait);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will be executed at most one time, no matter how
+  // often you call it. Useful for lazy initialization.
+  _.once = function(func) {
+    var ran = false, memo;
+    return function() {
+      if (ran) return memo;
+      ran = true;
+      return memo = func.apply(this, arguments);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns the first function passed as an argument to the second,
+  // allowing you to adjust arguments, run code before and after, and
+  // conditionally execute the original function.
+  _.wrap = function(func, wrapper) {
+    return function() {
+      var args = [func].concat(slice.call(arguments, 0));
+      return wrapper.apply(this, args);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that is the composition of a list of functions, each
+  // consuming the return value of the function that follows.
+  _.compose = function() {
+    var funcs = arguments;
+    return function() {
+      var args = arguments;
+      for (var i = funcs.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
+        args = [funcs[i].apply(this, args)];
+      }
+      return args[0];
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Returns a function that will only be executed after being called N times.
+  _.after = function(times, func) {
+    if (times <= 0) return func();
+    return function() {
+      if (--times < 1) { return func.apply(this, arguments); }
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Object Functions
+  // ----------------
+
+  // Retrieve the names of an object's properties.
+  // Delegates to **ECMAScript 5**'s native `Object.keys`
+  _.keys = nativeKeys || function(obj) {
+    if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object');
+    var keys = [];
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) keys[keys.length] = key;
+    return keys;
+  };
+
+  // Retrieve the values of an object's properties.
+  _.values = function(obj) {
+    return _.map(obj, _.identity);
+  };
+
+  // Return a sorted list of the function names available on the object.
+  // Aliased as `methods`
+  _.functions = _.methods = function(obj) {
+    var names = [];
+    for (var key in obj) {
+      if (_.isFunction(obj[key])) names.push(key);
+    }
+    return names.sort();
+  };
+
+  // Extend a given object with all the properties in passed-in object(s).
+  _.extend = function(obj) {
+    each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    });
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Fill in a given object with default properties.
+  _.defaults = function(obj) {
+    each(slice.call(arguments, 1), function(source) {
+      for (var prop in source) {
+        if (obj[prop] == null) obj[prop] = source[prop];
+      }
+    });
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Create a (shallow-cloned) duplicate of an object.
+  _.clone = function(obj) {
+    if (!_.isObject(obj)) return obj;
+    return _.isArray(obj) ? obj.slice() : _.extend({}, obj);
+  };
+
+  // Invokes interceptor with the obj, and then returns obj.
+  // The primary purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method chain, in
+  // order to perform operations on intermediate results within the chain.
+  _.tap = function(obj, interceptor) {
+    interceptor(obj);
+    return obj;
+  };
+
+  // Internal recursive comparison function.
+  function eq(a, b, stack) {
+    // Identical objects are equal. `0 === -0`, but they aren't identical.
+    // See the Harmony `egal` proposal: http://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=harmony:egal.
+    if (a === b) return a !== 0 || 1 / a == 1 / b;
+    // A strict comparison is necessary because `null == undefined`.
+    if (a == null || b == null) return a === b;
+    // Unwrap any wrapped objects.
+    if (a._chain) a = a._wrapped;
+    if (b._chain) b = b._wrapped;
+    // Invoke a custom `isEqual` method if one is provided.
+    if (a.isEqual && _.isFunction(a.isEqual)) return a.isEqual(b);
+    if (b.isEqual && _.isFunction(b.isEqual)) return b.isEqual(a);
+    // Compare `[[Class]]` names.
+    var className = toString.call(a);
+    if (className != toString.call(b)) return false;
+    switch (className) {
+      // Strings, numbers, dates, and booleans are compared by value.
+      case '[object String]':
+        // Primitives and their corresponding object wrappers are equivalent; thus, `"5"` is
+        // equivalent to `new String("5")`.
+        return a == String(b);
+      case '[object Number]':
+        // `NaN`s are equivalent, but non-reflexive. An `egal` comparison is performed for
+        // other numeric values.
+        return a != +a ? b != +b : (a == 0 ? 1 / a == 1 / b : a == +b);
+      case '[object Date]':
+      case '[object Boolean]':
+        // Coerce dates and booleans to numeric primitive values. Dates are compared by their
+        // millisecond representations. Note that invalid dates with millisecond representations
+        // of `NaN` are not equivalent.
+        return +a == +b;
+      // RegExps are compared by their source patterns and flags.
+      case '[object RegExp]':
+        return a.source == b.source &&
+               a.global == b.global &&
+               a.multiline == b.multiline &&
+               a.ignoreCase == b.ignoreCase;
+    }
+    if (typeof a != 'object' || typeof b != 'object') return false;
+    // Assume equality for cyclic structures. The algorithm for detecting cyclic
+    // structures is adapted from ES 5.1 section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO`.
+    var length = stack.length;
+    while (length--) {
+      // Linear search. Performance is inversely proportional to the number of
+      // unique nested structures.
+      if (stack[length] == a) return true;
+    }
+    // Add the first object to the stack of traversed objects.
+    stack.push(a);
+    var size = 0, result = true;
+    // Recursively compare objects and arrays.
+    if (className == '[object Array]') {
+      // Compare array lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary.
+      size = a.length;
+      result = size == b.length;
+      if (result) {
+        // Deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties.
+        while (size--) {
+          // Ensure commutative equality for sparse arrays.
+          if (!(result = size in a == size in b && eq(a[size], b[size], stack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+    } else {
+      // Objects with different constructors are not equivalent.
+      if ('constructor' in a != 'constructor' in b || a.constructor != b.constructor) return false;
+      // Deep compare objects.
+      for (var key in a) {
+        if (_.has(a, key)) {
+          // Count the expected number of properties.
+          size++;
+          // Deep compare each member.
+          if (!(result = _.has(b, key) && eq(a[key], b[key], stack))) break;
+        }
+      }
+      // Ensure that both objects contain the same number of properties.
+      if (result) {
+        for (key in b) {
+          if (_.has(b, key) && !(size--)) break;
+        }
+        result = !size;
+      }
+    }
+    // Remove the first object from the stack of traversed objects.
+    stack.pop();
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Perform a deep comparison to check if two objects are equal.
+  _.isEqual = function(a, b) {
+    return eq(a, b, []);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given array, string, or object empty?
+  // An "empty" object has no enumerable own-properties.
+  _.isEmpty = function(obj) {
+    if (_.isArray(obj) || _.isString(obj)) return obj.length === 0;
+    for (var key in obj) if (_.has(obj, key)) return false;
+    return true;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a DOM element?
+  _.isElement = function(obj) {
+    return !!(obj && obj.nodeType == 1);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value an array?
+  // Delegates to ECMA5's native Array.isArray
+  _.isArray = nativeIsArray || function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Array]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable an object?
+  _.isObject = function(obj) {
+    return obj === Object(obj);
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable an arguments object?
+  _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Arguments]';
+  };
+  if (!_.isArguments(arguments)) {
+    _.isArguments = function(obj) {
+      return !!(obj && _.has(obj, 'callee'));
+    };
+  }
+
+  // Is a given value a function?
+  _.isFunction = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Function]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a string?
+  _.isString = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object String]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a number?
+  _.isNumber = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Number]';
+  };
+
+  // Is the given value `NaN`?
+  _.isNaN = function(obj) {
+    // `NaN` is the only value for which `===` is not reflexive.
+    return obj !== obj;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a boolean?
+  _.isBoolean = function(obj) {
+    return obj === true || obj === false || toString.call(obj) == '[object Boolean]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value a date?
+  _.isDate = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object Date]';
+  };
+
+  // Is the given value a regular expression?
+  _.isRegExp = function(obj) {
+    return toString.call(obj) == '[object RegExp]';
+  };
+
+  // Is a given value equal to null?
+  _.isNull = function(obj) {
+    return obj === null;
+  };
+
+  // Is a given variable undefined?
+  _.isUndefined = function(obj) {
+    return obj === void 0;
+  };
+
+  // Has own property?
+  _.has = function(obj, key) {
+    return hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key);
+  };
+
+  // Utility Functions
+  // -----------------
+
+  // Run Underscore.js in *noConflict* mode, returning the `_` variable to its
+  // previous owner. Returns a reference to the Underscore object.
+  _.noConflict = function() {
+    root._ = previousUnderscore;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Keep the identity function around for default iterators.
+  _.identity = function(value) {
+    return value;
+  };
+
+  // Run a function **n** times.
+  _.times = function (n, iterator, context) {
+    for (var i = 0; i < n; i++) iterator.call(context, i);
+  };
+
+  // Escape a string for HTML interpolation.
+  _.escape = function(string) {
+    return (''+string).replace(/&/g, '&amp;').replace(/</g, '&lt;').replace(/>/g, '&gt;').replace(/"/g, '&quot;').replace(/'/g, '&#x27;').replace(/\//g,'&#x2F;');
+  };
+
+  // Add your own custom functions to the Underscore object, ensuring that
+  // they're correctly added to the OOP wrapper as well.
+  _.mixin = function(obj) {
+    each(_.functions(obj), function(name){
+      addToWrapper(name, _[name] = obj[name]);
+    });
+  };
+
+  // Generate a unique integer id (unique within the entire client session).
+  // Useful for temporary DOM ids.
+  var idCounter = 0;
+  _.uniqueId = function(prefix) {
+    var id = idCounter++;
+    return prefix ? prefix + id : id;
+  };
+
+  // By default, Underscore uses ERB-style template delimiters, change the
+  // following template settings to use alternative delimiters.
+  _.templateSettings = {
+    evaluate    : /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    interpolate : /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,
+    escape      : /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g
+  };
+
+  // When customizing `templateSettings`, if you don't want to define an
+  // interpolation, evaluation or escaping regex, we need one that is
+  // guaranteed not to match.
+  var noMatch = /.^/;
+
+  // Within an interpolation, evaluation, or escaping, remove HTML escaping
+  // that had been previously added.
+  var unescape = function(code) {
+    return code.replace(/\\\\/g, '\\').replace(/\\'/g, "'");
+  };
+
+  // JavaScript micro-templating, similar to John Resig's implementation.
+  // Underscore templating handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves whitespace,
+  // and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
+  _.template = function(str, data) {
+    var c  = _.templateSettings;
+    var tmpl = 'var __p=[],print=function(){__p.push.apply(__p,arguments);};' +
+      'with(obj||{}){__p.push(\'' +
+      str.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\')
+         .replace(/'/g, "\\'")
+         .replace(c.escape || noMatch, function(match, code) {
+           return "',_.escape(" + unescape(code) + "),'";
+         })
+         .replace(c.interpolate || noMatch, function(match, code) {
+           return "'," + unescape(code) + ",'";
+         })
+         .replace(c.evaluate || noMatch, function(match, code) {
+           return "');" + unescape(code).replace(/[\r\n\t]/g, ' ') + ";__p.push('";
+         })
+         .replace(/\r/g, '\\r')
+         .replace(/\n/g, '\\n')
+         .replace(/\t/g, '\\t')
+         + "');}return __p.join('');";
+    var func = new Function('obj', '_', tmpl);
+    if (data) return func(data, _);
+    return function(data) {
+      return func.call(this, data, _);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Add a "chain" function, which will delegate to the wrapper.
+  _.chain = function(obj) {
+    return _(obj).chain();
+  };
+
+  // The OOP Wrapper
+  // ---------------
+
+  // If Underscore is called as a function, it returns a wrapped object that
+  // can be used OO-style. This wrapper holds altered versions of all the
+  // underscore functions. Wrapped objects may be chained.
+  var wrapper = function(obj) { this._wrapped = obj; };
+
+  // Expose `wrapper.prototype` as `_.prototype`
+  _.prototype = wrapper.prototype;
+
+  // Helper function to continue chaining intermediate results.
+  var result = function(obj, chain) {
+    return chain ? _(obj).chain() : obj;
+  };
+
+  // A method to easily add functions to the OOP wrapper.
+  var addToWrapper = function(name, func) {
+    wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var args = slice.call(arguments);
+      unshift.call(args, this._wrapped);
+      return result(func.apply(_, args), this._chain);
+    };
+  };
+
+  // Add all of the Underscore functions to the wrapper object.
+  _.mixin(_);
+
+  // Add all mutator Array functions to the wrapper.
+  each(['pop', 'push', 'reverse', 'shift', 'sort', 'splice', 'unshift'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
+      var wrapped = this._wrapped;
+      method.apply(wrapped, arguments);
+      var length = wrapped.length;
+      if ((name == 'shift' || name == 'splice') && length === 0) delete wrapped[0];
+      return result(wrapped, this._chain);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Add all accessor Array functions to the wrapper.
+  each(['concat', 'join', 'slice'], function(name) {
+    var method = ArrayProto[name];
+    wrapper.prototype[name] = function() {
+      return result(method.apply(this._wrapped, arguments), this._chain);
+    };
+  });
+
+  // Start chaining a wrapped Underscore object.
+  wrapper.prototype.chain = function() {
+    this._chain = true;
+    return this;
+  };
+
+  // Extracts the result from a wrapped and chained object.
+  wrapper.prototype.value = function() {
+    return this._wrapped;
+  };
+
+}).call(this);

_static/underscore.js

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+// Underscore.js 1.3.1
+// (c) 2009-2012 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud Inc.
+// Underscore is freely distributable under the MIT license.
+// Portions of Underscore are inspired or borrowed from Prototype,
+// Oliver Steele's Functional, and John Resig's Micro-Templating.
+// For all details and documentation:
+// http://documentcloud.github.com/underscore
+(function(){function q(a,c,d){if(a===c)return a!==0||1/a==1/c;if(a==null||c==null)return a===c;if(a._chain)a=a._wrapped;if(c._chain)c=c._wrapped;if(a.isEqual&&b.isFunction(a.isEqual))return a.isEqual(c);if(c.isEqual&&b.isFunction(c.isEqual))return c.isEqual(a);var e=l.call(a);if(e!=l.call(c))return false;switch(e){case "[object String]":return a==String(c);case "[object Number]":return a!=+a?c!=+c:a==0?1/a==1/c:a==+c;case "[object Date]":case "[object Boolean]":return+a==+c;case "[object RegExp]":return a.source==
+c.source&&a.global==c.global&&a.multiline==c.multiline&&a.ignoreCase==c.ignoreCase}if(typeof a!="object"||typeof c!="object")return false;for(var f=d.length;f--;)if(d[f]==a)return true;d.push(a);var f=0,g=true;if(e=="[object Array]"){if(f=a.length,g=f==c.length)for(;f--;)if(!(g=f in a==f in c&&q(a[f],c[f],d)))break}else{if("constructor"in a!="constructor"in c||a.constructor!=c.constructor)return false;for(var h in a)if(b.has(a,h)&&(f++,!(g=b.has(c,h)&&q(a[h],c[h],d))))break;if(g){for(h in c)if(b.has(c,
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+return e.value};b.shuffle=function(a){var b=[],d;j(a,function(a,f){f==0?b[0]=a:(d=Math.floor(Math.random()*(f+1)),b[f]=b[d],b[d]=a)});return b};b.sortBy=function(a,c,d){return b.pluck(b.map(a,function(a,b,g){return{value:a,criteria:c.call(d,a,b,g)}}).sort(function(a,b){var c=a.criteria,d=b.criteria;return c<d?-1:c>d?1:0}),"value")};b.groupBy=function(a,c){var d={},e=b.isFunction(c)?c:function(a){return a[c]};j(a,function(a,b){var c=e(a,b);(d[c]||(d[c]=[])).push(a)});return d};b.sortedIndex=function(a,
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+b.isRegExp=function(a){return l.call(a)=="[object RegExp]"};b.isNull=function(a){return a===null};b.isUndefined=function(a){return a===void 0};b.has=function(a,b){return I.call(a,b)};b.noConflict=function(){r._=G;return this};b.identity=function(a){return a};b.times=function(a,b,d){for(var e=0;e<a;e++)b.call(d,e)};b.escape=function(a){return(""+a).replace(/&/g,"&amp;").replace(/</g,"&lt;").replace(/>/g,"&gt;").replace(/"/g,"&quot;").replace(/'/g,"&#x27;").replace(/\//g,"&#x2F;")};b.mixin=function(a){j(b.functions(a),
+function(c){K(c,b[c]=a[c])})};var L=0;b.uniqueId=function(a){var b=L++;return a?a+b:b};b.templateSettings={evaluate:/<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,interpolate:/<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g,escape:/<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g};var t=/.^/,u=function(a){return a.replace(/\\\\/g,"\\").replace(/\\'/g,"'")};b.template=function(a,c){var d=b.templateSettings,d="var __p=[],print=function(){__p.push.apply(__p,arguments);};with(obj||{}){__p.push('"+a.replace(/\\/g,"\\\\").replace(/'/g,"\\'").replace(d.escape||t,function(a,b){return"',_.escape("+
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_static/websupport.js

@@ -0,0 +1,808 @@
+/*
+ * websupport.js
+ * ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ *
+ * sphinx.websupport utilities for all documentation.
+ *
+ * :copyright: Copyright 2007-2016 by the Sphinx team, see AUTHORS.
+ * :license: BSD, see LICENSE for details.
+ *
+ */
+
+(function($) {
+  $.fn.autogrow = function() {
+    return this.each(function() {
+    var textarea = this;
+
+    $.fn.autogrow.resize(textarea);
+
+    $(textarea)
+      .focus(function() {
+        textarea.interval = setInterval(function() {
+          $.fn.autogrow.resize(textarea);
+        }, 500);
+      })
+      .blur(function() {
+        clearInterval(textarea.interval);
+      });
+    });
+  };
+
+  $.fn.autogrow.resize = function(textarea) {
+    var lineHeight = parseInt($(textarea).css('line-height'), 10);
+    var lines = textarea.value.split('\n');
+    var columns = textarea.cols;
+    var lineCount = 0;
+    $.each(lines, function() {
+      lineCount += Math.ceil(this.length / columns) || 1;
+    });
+    var height = lineHeight * (lineCount + 1);
+    $(textarea).css('height', height);
+  };
+})(jQuery);
+
+(function($) {
+  var comp, by;
+
+  function init() {
+    initEvents();
+    initComparator();
+  }
+
+  function initEvents() {
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.comment-close', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      hide($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.vote', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      handleVote($(this));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.reply', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      openReply($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.close-reply', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      closeReply($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.sort-option', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      handleReSort($(this));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.show-proposal', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      showProposal($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.hide-proposal', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      hideProposal($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.show-propose-change', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      showProposeChange($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.hide-propose-change', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      hideProposeChange($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.accept-comment', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      acceptComment($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.delete-comment', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      deleteComment($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+    $(document).on("click", 'a.comment-markup', function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      toggleCommentMarkupBox($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Set comp, which is a comparator function used for sorting and
+   * inserting comments into the list.
+   */
+  function setComparator() {
+    // If the first three letters are "asc", sort in ascending order
+    // and remove the prefix.
+    if (by.substring(0,3) == 'asc') {
+      var i = by.substring(3);
+      comp = function(a, b) { return a[i] - b[i]; };
+    } else {
+      // Otherwise sort in descending order.
+      comp = function(a, b) { return b[by] - a[by]; };
+    }
+
+    // Reset link styles and format the selected sort option.
+    $('a.sel').attr('href', '#').removeClass('sel');
+    $('a.by' + by).removeAttr('href').addClass('sel');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Create a comp function. If the user has preferences stored in
+   * the sortBy cookie, use those, otherwise use the default.
+   */
+  function initComparator() {
+    by = 'rating'; // Default to sort by rating.
+    // If the sortBy cookie is set, use that instead.
+    if (document.cookie.length > 0) {
+      var start = document.cookie.indexOf('sortBy=');
+      if (start != -1) {
+        start = start + 7;
+        var end = document.cookie.indexOf(";", start);
+        if (end == -1) {
+          end = document.cookie.length;
+          by = unescape(document.cookie.substring(start, end));
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    setComparator();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Show a comment div.
+   */
+  function show(id) {
+    $('#ao' + id).hide();
+    $('#ah' + id).show();
+    var context = $.extend({id: id}, opts);
+    var popup = $(renderTemplate(popupTemplate, context)).hide();
+    popup.find('textarea[name="proposal"]').hide();
+    popup.find('a.by' + by).addClass('sel');
+    var form = popup.find('#cf' + id);
+    form.submit(function(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+      addComment(form);
+    });
+    $('#s' + id).after(popup);
+    popup.slideDown('fast', function() {
+      getComments(id);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Hide a comment div.
+   */
+  function hide(id) {
+    $('#ah' + id).hide();
+    $('#ao' + id).show();
+    var div = $('#sc' + id);
+    div.slideUp('fast', function() {
+      div.remove();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform an ajax request to get comments for a node
+   * and insert the comments into the comments tree.
+   */
+  function getComments(id) {
+    $.ajax({
+     type: 'GET',
+     url: opts.getCommentsURL,
+     data: {node: id},
+     success: function(data, textStatus, request) {
+       var ul = $('#cl' + id);
+       var speed = 100;
+       $('#cf' + id)
+         .find('textarea[name="proposal"]')
+         .data('source', data.source);
+
+       if (data.comments.length === 0) {
+         ul.html('<li>No comments yet.</li>');
+         ul.data('empty', true);
+       } else {
+         // If there are comments, sort them and put them in the list.
+         var comments = sortComments(data.comments);
+         speed = data.comments.length * 100;
+         appendComments(comments, ul);
+         ul.data('empty', false);
+       }
+       $('#cn' + id).slideUp(speed + 200);
+       ul.slideDown(speed);
+     },
+     error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
+       showError('Oops, there was a problem retrieving the comments.');
+     },
+     dataType: 'json'
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Add a comment via ajax and insert the comment into the comment tree.
+   */
+  function addComment(form) {
+    var node_id = form.find('input[name="node"]').val();
+    var parent_id = form.find('input[name="parent"]').val();
+    var text = form.find('textarea[name="comment"]').val();
+    var proposal = form.find('textarea[name="proposal"]').val();
+
+    if (text == '') {
+      showError('Please enter a comment.');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // Disable the form that is being submitted.
+    form.find('textarea,input').attr('disabled', 'disabled');
+
+    // Send the comment to the server.
+    $.ajax({
+      type: "POST",
+      url: opts.addCommentURL,
+      dataType: 'json',
+      data: {
+        node: node_id,
+        parent: parent_id,
+        text: text,
+        proposal: proposal
+      },
+      success: function(data, textStatus, error) {
+        // Reset the form.
+        if (node_id) {
+          hideProposeChange(node_id);
+        }
+        form.find('textarea')
+          .val('')
+          .add(form.find('input'))
+          .removeAttr('disabled');
+	var ul = $('#cl' + (node_id || parent_id));
+        if (ul.data('empty')) {
+          $(ul).empty();
+          ul.data('empty', false);
+        }
+        insertComment(data.comment);
+        var ao = $('#ao' + node_id);
+        ao.find('img').attr({'src': opts.commentBrightImage});
+        if (node_id) {
+          // if this was a "root" comment, remove the commenting box
+          // (the user can get it back by reopening the comment popup)
+          $('#ca' + node_id).slideUp();
+        }
+      },
+      error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
+        form.find('textarea,input').removeAttr('disabled');
+        showError('Oops, there was a problem adding the comment.');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Recursively append comments to the main comment list and children
+   * lists, creating the comment tree.
+   */
+  function appendComments(comments, ul) {
+    $.each(comments, function() {
+      var div = createCommentDiv(this);
+      ul.append($(document.createElement('li')).html(div));
+      appendComments(this.children, div.find('ul.comment-children'));
+      // To avoid stagnating data, don't store the comments children in data.
+      this.children = null;
+      div.data('comment', this);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * After adding a new comment, it must be inserted in the correct
+   * location in the comment tree.
+   */
+  function insertComment(comment) {
+    var div = createCommentDiv(comment);
+
+    // To avoid stagnating data, don't store the comments children in data.
+    comment.children = null;
+    div.data('comment', comment);
+
+    var ul = $('#cl' + (comment.node || comment.parent));
+    var siblings = getChildren(ul);
+
+    var li = $(document.createElement('li'));
+    li.hide();
+
+    // Determine where in the parents children list to insert this comment.
+    for(i=0; i < siblings.length; i++) {
+      if (comp(comment, siblings[i]) <= 0) {
+        $('#cd' + siblings[i].id)
+          .parent()
+          .before(li.html(div));
+        li.slideDown('fast');
+        return;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // If we get here, this comment rates lower than all the others,
+    // or it is the only comment in the list.
+    ul.append(li.html(div));
+    li.slideDown('fast');
+  }
+
+  function acceptComment(id) {
+    $.ajax({
+      type: 'POST',
+      url: opts.acceptCommentURL,
+      data: {id: id},
+      success: function(data, textStatus, request) {
+        $('#cm' + id).fadeOut('fast');
+        $('#cd' + id).removeClass('moderate');
+      },
+      error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
+        showError('Oops, there was a problem accepting the comment.');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  function deleteComment(id) {
+    $.ajax({
+      type: 'POST',
+      url: opts.deleteCommentURL,
+      data: {id: id},
+      success: function(data, textStatus, request) {
+        var div = $('#cd' + id);
+        if (data == 'delete') {
+          // Moderator mode: remove the comment and all children immediately
+          div.slideUp('fast', function() {
+            div.remove();
+          });
+          return;
+        }
+        // User mode: only mark the comment as deleted
+        div
+          .find('span.user-id:first')
+          .text('[deleted]').end()
+          .find('div.comment-text:first')
+          .text('[deleted]').end()
+          .find('#cm' + id + ', #dc' + id + ', #ac' + id + ', #rc' + id +
+                ', #sp' + id + ', #hp' + id + ', #cr' + id + ', #rl' + id)
+          .remove();
+        var comment = div.data('comment');
+        comment.username = '[deleted]';
+        comment.text = '[deleted]';
+        div.data('comment', comment);
+      },
+      error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
+        showError('Oops, there was a problem deleting the comment.');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  function showProposal(id) {
+    $('#sp' + id).hide();
+    $('#hp' + id).show();
+    $('#pr' + id).slideDown('fast');
+  }
+
+  function hideProposal(id) {
+    $('#hp' + id).hide();
+    $('#sp' + id).show();
+    $('#pr' + id).slideUp('fast');
+  }
+
+  function showProposeChange(id) {
+    $('#pc' + id).hide();
+    $('#hc' + id).show();
+    var textarea = $('#pt' + id);
+    textarea.val(textarea.data('source'));
+    $.fn.autogrow.resize(textarea[0]);
+    textarea.slideDown('fast');
+  }
+
+  function hideProposeChange(id) {
+    $('#hc' + id).hide();
+    $('#pc' + id).show();
+    var textarea = $('#pt' + id);
+    textarea.val('').removeAttr('disabled');
+    textarea.slideUp('fast');
+  }
+
+  function toggleCommentMarkupBox(id) {
+    $('#mb' + id).toggle();
+  }
+
+  /** Handle when the user clicks on a sort by link. */
+  function handleReSort(link) {
+    var classes = link.attr('class').split(/\s+/);
+    for (var i=0; i<classes.length; i++) {
+      if (classes[i] != 'sort-option') {
+	by = classes[i].substring(2);
+      }
+    }
+    setComparator();
+    // Save/update the sortBy cookie.
+    var expiration = new Date();
+    expiration.setDate(expiration.getDate() + 365);
+    document.cookie= 'sortBy=' + escape(by) +
+                     ';expires=' + expiration.toUTCString();
+    $('ul.comment-ul').each(function(index, ul) {
+      var comments = getChildren($(ul), true);
+      comments = sortComments(comments);
+      appendComments(comments, $(ul).empty());
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Function to process a vote when a user clicks an arrow.
+   */
+  function handleVote(link) {
+    if (!opts.voting) {
+      showError("You'll need to login to vote.");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    var id = link.attr('id');
+    if (!id) {
+      // Didn't click on one of the voting arrows.
+      return;
+    }
+    // If it is an unvote, the new vote value is 0,
+    // Otherwise it's 1 for an upvote, or -1 for a downvote.
+    var value = 0;
+    if (id.charAt(1) != 'u') {
+      value = id.charAt(0) == 'u' ? 1 : -1;
+    }
+    // The data to be sent to the server.
+    var d = {
+      comment_id: id.substring(2),
+      value: value
+    };
+
+    // Swap the vote and unvote links.
+    link.hide();
+    $('#' + id.charAt(0) + (id.charAt(1) == 'u' ? 'v' : 'u') + d.comment_id)
+      .show();
+
+    // The div the comment is displayed in.
+    var div = $('div#cd' + d.comment_id);
+    var data = div.data('comment');
+
+    // If this is not an unvote, and the other vote arrow has
+    // already been pressed, unpress it.
+    if ((d.value !== 0) && (data.vote === d.value * -1)) {
+      $('#' + (d.value == 1 ? 'd' : 'u') + 'u' + d.comment_id).hide();
+      $('#' + (d.value == 1 ? 'd' : 'u') + 'v' + d.comment_id).show();
+    }
+
+    // Update the comments rating in the local data.
+    data.rating += (data.vote === 0) ? d.value : (d.value - data.vote);
+    data.vote = d.value;
+    div.data('comment', data);
+
+    // Change the rating text.
+    div.find('.rating:first')
+      .text(data.rating + ' point' + (data.rating == 1 ? '' : 's'));
+
+    // Send the vote information to the server.
+    $.ajax({
+      type: "POST",
+      url: opts.processVoteURL,
+      data: d,
+      error: function(request, textStatus, error) {
+        showError('Oops, there was a problem casting that vote.');
+      }
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Open a reply form used to reply to an existing comment.
+   */
+  function openReply(id) {
+    // Swap out the reply link for the hide link
+    $('#rl' + id).hide();
+    $('#cr' + id).show();
+
+    // Add the reply li to the children ul.
+    var div = $(renderTemplate(replyTemplate, {id: id})).hide();
+    $('#cl' + id)
+      .prepend(div)
+      // Setup the submit handler for the reply form.
+      .find('#rf' + id)
+      .submit(function(event) {
+        event.preventDefault();
+        addComment($('#rf' + id));
+        closeReply(id);
+      })
+      .find('input[type=button]')
+      .click(function() {
+        closeReply(id);
+      });
+    div.slideDown('fast', function() {
+      $('#rf' + id).find('textarea').focus();
+    });
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Close the reply form opened with openReply.
+   */
+  function closeReply(id) {
+    // Remove the reply div from the DOM.
+    $('#rd' + id).slideUp('fast', function() {
+      $(this).remove();
+    });
+
+    // Swap out the hide link for the reply link
+    $('#cr' + id).hide();
+    $('#rl' + id).show();
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Recursively sort a tree of comments using the comp comparator.
+   */
+  function sortComments(comments) {
+    comments.sort(comp);
+    $.each(comments, function() {
+      this.children = sortComments(this.children);
+    });
+    return comments;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the children comments from a ul. If recursive is true,
+   * recursively include childrens' children.
+   */
+  function getChildren(ul, recursive) {
+    var children = [];
+    ul.children().children("[id^='cd']")
+      .each(function() {
+        var comment = $(this).data('comment');
+        if (recursive)
+          comment.children = getChildren($(this).find('#cl' + comment.id), true);
+        children.push(comment);
+      });
+    return children;
+  }
+
+  /** Create a div to display a comment in. */
+  function createCommentDiv(comment) {
+    if (!comment.displayed && !opts.moderator) {
+      return $('<div class="moderate">Thank you!  Your comment will show up '
+               + 'once it is has been approved by a moderator.</div>');
+    }
+    // Prettify the comment rating.
+    comment.pretty_rating = comment.rating + ' point' +
+      (comment.rating == 1 ? '' : 's');
+    // Make a class (for displaying not yet moderated comments differently)
+    comment.css_class = comment.displayed ? '' : ' moderate';
+    // Create a div for this comment.
+    var context = $.extend({}, opts, comment);
+    var div = $(renderTemplate(commentTemplate, context));
+
+    // If the user has voted on this comment, highlight the correct arrow.
+    if (comment.vote) {
+      var direction = (comment.vote == 1) ? 'u' : 'd';
+      div.find('#' + direction + 'v' + comment.id).hide();
+      div.find('#' + direction + 'u' + comment.id).show();
+    }
+
+    if (opts.moderator || comment.text != '[deleted]') {
+      div.find('a.reply').show();
+      if (comment.proposal_diff)
+        div.find('#sp' + comment.id).show();
+      if (opts.moderator && !comment.displayed)
+        div.find('#cm' + comment.id).show();
+      if (opts.moderator || (opts.username == comment.username))
+        div.find('#dc' + comment.id).show();
+    }
+    return div;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * A simple template renderer. Placeholders such as <%id%> are replaced
+   * by context['id'] with items being escaped. Placeholders such as <#id#>
+   * are not escaped.
+   */
+  function renderTemplate(template, context) {
+    var esc = $(document.createElement('div'));
+
+    function handle(ph, escape) {
+      var cur = context;
+      $.each(ph.split('.'), function() {
+        cur = cur[this];
+      });
+      return escape ? esc.text(cur || "").html() : cur;
+    }
+
+    return template.replace(/<([%#])([\w\.]*)\1>/g, function() {
+      return handle(arguments[2], arguments[1] == '%' ? true : false);
+    });
+  }
+
+  /** Flash an error message briefly. */
+  function showError(message) {
+    $(document.createElement('div')).attr({'class': 'popup-error'})
+      .append($(document.createElement('div'))
+               .attr({'class': 'error-message'}).text(message))
+      .appendTo('body')
+      .fadeIn("slow")
+      .delay(2000)
+      .fadeOut("slow");
+  }
+
+  /** Add a link the user uses to open the comments popup. */
+  $.fn.comment = function() {
+    return this.each(function() {
+      var id = $(this).attr('id').substring(1);
+      var count = COMMENT_METADATA[id];
+      var title = count + ' comment' + (count == 1 ? '' : 's');
+      var image = count > 0 ? opts.commentBrightImage : opts.commentImage;
+      var addcls = count == 0 ? ' nocomment' : '';
+      $(this)
+        .append(
+          $(document.createElement('a')).attr({
+            href: '#',
+            'class': 'sphinx-comment-open' + addcls,
+            id: 'ao' + id
+          })
+            .append($(document.createElement('img')).attr({
+              src: image,
+              alt: 'comment',
+              title: title
+            }))
+            .click(function(event) {
+              event.preventDefault();
+              show($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+            })
+        )
+        .append(
+          $(document.createElement('a')).attr({
+            href: '#',
+            'class': 'sphinx-comment-close hidden',
+            id: 'ah' + id
+          })
+            .append($(document.createElement('img')).attr({
+              src: opts.closeCommentImage,
+              alt: 'close',
+              title: 'close'
+            }))
+            .click(function(event) {
+              event.preventDefault();
+              hide($(this).attr('id').substring(2));
+            })
+        );
+    });
+  };
+
+  var opts = {
+    processVoteURL: '/_process_vote',
+    addCommentURL: '/_add_comment',
+    getCommentsURL: '/_get_comments',
+    acceptCommentURL: '/_accept_comment',
+    deleteCommentURL: '/_delete_comment',
+    commentImage: '/static/_static/comment.png',
+    closeCommentImage: '/static/_static/comment-close.png',
+    loadingImage: '/static/_static/ajax-loader.gif',
+    commentBrightImage: '/static/_static/comment-bright.png',
+    upArrow: '/static/_static/up.png',
+    downArrow: '/static/_static/down.png',
+    upArrowPressed: '/static/_static/up-pressed.png',
+    downArrowPressed: '/static/_static/down-pressed.png',
+    voting: false,
+    moderator: false
+  };
+
+  if (typeof COMMENT_OPTIONS != "undefined") {
+    opts = jQuery.extend(opts, COMMENT_OPTIONS);
+  }
+
+  var popupTemplate = '\
+    <div class="sphinx-comments" id="sc<%id%>">\
+      <p class="sort-options">\
+        Sort by:\
+        <a href="#" class="sort-option byrating">best rated</a>\
+        <a href="#" class="sort-option byascage">newest</a>\
+        <a href="#" class="sort-option byage">oldest</a>\
+      </p>\
+      <div class="comment-header">Comments</div>\
+      <div class="comment-loading" id="cn<%id%>">\
+        loading comments... <img src="<%loadingImage%>" alt="" /></div>\
+      <ul id="cl<%id%>" class="comment-ul"></ul>\
+      <div id="ca<%id%>">\
+      <p class="add-a-comment">Add a comment\
+        (<a href="#" class="comment-markup" id="ab<%id%>">markup</a>):</p>\
+      <div class="comment-markup-box" id="mb<%id%>">\
+        reStructured text markup: <i>*emph*</i>, <b>**strong**</b>, \
+        <code>``code``</code>, \
+        code blocks: <code>::</code> and an indented block after blank line</div>\
+      <form method="post" id="cf<%id%>" class="comment-form" action="">\
+        <textarea name="comment" cols="80"></textarea>\
+        <p class="propose-button">\
+          <a href="#" id="pc<%id%>" class="show-propose-change">\
+            Propose a change &#9657;\
+          </a>\
+          <a href="#" id="hc<%id%>" class="hide-propose-change">\
+            Propose a change &#9663;\
+          </a>\
+        </p>\
+        <textarea name="proposal" id="pt<%id%>" cols="80"\
+                  spellcheck="false"></textarea>\
+        <input type="submit" value="Add comment" />\
+        <input type="hidden" name="node" value="<%id%>" />\
+        <input type="hidden" name="parent" value="" />\
+      </form>\
+      </div>\
+    </div>';
+
+  var commentTemplate = '\
+    <div id="cd<%id%>" class="sphinx-comment<%css_class%>">\
+      <div class="vote">\
+        <div class="arrow">\
+          <a href="#" id="uv<%id%>" class="vote" title="vote up">\
+            <img src="<%upArrow%>" />\
+          </a>\
+          <a href="#" id="uu<%id%>" class="un vote" title="vote up">\
+            <img src="<%upArrowPressed%>" />\
+          </a>\
+        </div>\
+        <div class="arrow">\
+          <a href="#" id="dv<%id%>" class="vote" title="vote down">\
+            <img src="<%downArrow%>" id="da<%id%>" />\
+          </a>\
+          <a href="#" id="du<%id%>" class="un vote" title="vote down">\
+            <img src="<%downArrowPressed%>" />\
+          </a>\
+        </div>\
+      </div>\
+      <div class="comment-content">\
+        <p class="tagline comment">\
+          <span class="user-id"><%username%></span>\
+          <span class="rating"><%pretty_rating%></span>\
+          <span class="delta"><%time.delta%></span>\
+        </p>\
+        <div class="comment-text comment"><#text#></div>\
+        <p class="comment-opts comment">\
+          <a href="#" class="reply hidden" id="rl<%id%>">reply &#9657;</a>\
+          <a href="#" class="close-reply" id="cr<%id%>">reply &#9663;</a>\
+          <a href="#" id="sp<%id%>" class="show-proposal">proposal &#9657;</a>\
+          <a href="#" id="hp<%id%>" class="hide-proposal">proposal &#9663;</a>\
+          <a href="#" id="dc<%id%>" class="delete-comment hidden">delete</a>\
+          <span id="cm<%id%>" class="moderation hidden">\
+            <a href="#" id="ac<%id%>" class="accept-comment">accept</a>\
+          </span>\
+        </p>\
+        <pre class="proposal" id="pr<%id%>">\
+<#proposal_diff#>\
+        </pre>\
+          <ul class="comment-children" id="cl<%id%>"></ul>\
+        </div>\
+        <div class="clearleft"></div>\
+      </div>\
+    </div>';
+
+  var replyTemplate = '\
+    <li>\
+      <div class="reply-div" id="rd<%id%>">\
+        <form id="rf<%id%>">\
+          <textarea name="comment" cols="80"></textarea>\
+          <input type="submit" value="Add reply" />\
+          <input type="button" value="Cancel" />\
+          <input type="hidden" name="parent" value="<%id%>" />\
+          <input type="hidden" name="node" value="" />\
+        </form>\
+      </div>\
+    </li>';
+
+  $(document).ready(function() {
+    init();
+  });
+})(jQuery);
+
+$(document).ready(function() {
+  // add comment anchors for all paragraphs that are commentable
+  $('.sphinx-has-comment').comment();
+
+  // highlight search words in search results
+  $("div.context").each(function() {
+    var params = $.getQueryParameters();
+    var terms = (params.q) ? params.q[0].split(/\s+/) : [];
+    var result = $(this);
+    $.each(terms, function() {
+      result.highlightText(this.toLowerCase(), 'highlighted');
+    });
+  });
+
+  // directly open comment window if requested
+  var anchor = document.location.hash;
+  if (anchor.substring(0, 9) == '#comment-') {
+    $('#ao' + anchor.substring(9)).click();
+    document.location.hash = '#s' + anchor.substring(9);
+  }
+});

ci/setup_cibuildwheel.sh

@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-
-# NOTE: ensure to use the correct package manager depending on the manylinux
-# image used.
-
-if which yum; then
-	yum install -y alsa-lib-devel
-	exit
-fi
-
-if which apk; then
-	apk add alsa-lib-dev
-	exit
-fi
-
-if which apt-get; then
-	apt-get install -y libasound2-dev
-	exit
-fi
-
-echo "Cannot install ALSA headers! No package manager detected"
-exit 1

doc/Makefile

@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-# Makefile for Sphinx documentation
-#
-
-# You can set these variables from the command line.
-SPHINXOPTS    =
-SPHINXBUILD   = uv run --group doc sphinx-build
-PAPER         =
-
-# Internal variables.
-PAPEROPT_a4     = -D latex_paper_size=a4
-PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter
-ALLSPHINXOPTS   = -d doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) .
-
-.PHONY: help clean html web pickle htmlhelp latex changes linkcheck install
-
-all: html
-
-help:
-	@echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of"
-	@echo "  html      to make standalone HTML files"
-	@echo "  pickle    to make pickle files (usable by e.g. sphinx-web)"
-	@echo "  htmlhelp  to make HTML files and a HTML help project"
-	@echo "  latex     to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter"
-	@echo "  changes   to make an overview over all changed/added/deprecated items"
-	@echo "  linkcheck to check all external links for integrity"
-
-clean:
-	-rm -rf html doctrees pickle htmlhelp latex changes linkcheck
-
-html:
-	mkdir -p html doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) html
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in html."
-
-pickle:
-	mkdir -p pickle doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) pickle
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files or run"
-	@echo "  sphinx-web pickle"
-	@echo "to start the sphinx-web server."
-
-web: pickle
-
-htmlhelp:
-	mkdir -p htmlhelp doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) htmlhelp
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \
-	      ".hhp project file in htmlhelp."
-
-latex:
-	mkdir -p latex doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) latex
-	@echo
-	@echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in .build/latex."
-	@echo "Run \`make all-pdf' or \`make all-ps' in that directory to" \
-	      "run these through (pdf)latex."
-
-changes:
-	mkdir -p changes doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) changes
-	@echo
-	@echo "The overview file is in changes."
-
-linkcheck:
-	mkdir -p linkcheck doctrees
-	$(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) linkcheck
-	@echo
-	@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
-	      "or in linkcheck/output.txt."

doc/README.md

@@ -1,30 +0,0 @@
-# Make a new release
-
-Create and push a tag naming the version (i.e. 0.11.1):
-
-    git tag 0.11.1
-    git push origin 0.11.1
-
-This should trigger a build via a github actions and publish pre-built binaries to pypi.org 
-
-# Publish the documentation
-
-All commits to main should trigger a rebuild of the documentation.
-
-## Historical background
-
-The documentation is published through the `gh-pages` branch.
-
-To publish the documentation, you need to clone the `gh-pages` branch of this repository into
-`doc/gh-pages`. In `doc`, do:
-
-    git clone -b gh-pages git@github.com:larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio.git gh-pages
-
-(This is a bit of a hack)
-
-Once that is set up, you can publish new documentation using:
-
-    make publish
-
-Be careful when new files are generated, however, you will have to add them
-manually to git.

doc/conf.py

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
-#
-# alsaaudio documentation documentation build configuration file, created by
-# sphinx-quickstart on Thu Mar 30 23:52:21 2017.
-#
-# This file is execfile()d with the current directory set to its
-# containing dir.
-#
-# Note that not all possible configuration values are present in this
-# autogenerated file.
-#
-# All configuration values have a default; values that are commented out
-# serve to show the default.
-
-# If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory,
-# add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the
-# documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here.
-#
-# import os
-# import sys
-# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
-
-from importlib.metadata import version
-pyalsa_version = version("pyalsaaudio")
-
-
-# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
-
-# If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here.
-#
-# needs_sphinx = '1.0'
-
-# Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be
-# extensions coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom
-# ones.
-extensions = []
-
-# Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory.
-templates_path = ['_templates']
-
-# The suffix(es) of source filenames.
-# You can specify multiple suffix as a list of string:
-#
-# source_suffix = ['.rst', '.md']
-source_suffix = '.rst'
-
-# The master toctree document.
-master_doc = 'index'
-
-# General information about the project.
-project = u'alsaaudio documentation'
-copyright = u'2017, Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup'
-author = u'Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup'
-
-# The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for
-# |version| and |release|, also used in various other places throughout the
-# built documents.
-#
-# The short X.Y version.
-version = pyalsa_version
-# The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags.
-release = version
-
-# The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation
-# for a list of supported languages.
-#
-# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
-# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
-language = 'en'
-
-# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
-# directories to ignore when looking for source files.
-# This patterns also effect to html_static_path and html_extra_path
-exclude_patterns = ['_build', 'Thumbs.db', '.DS_Store']
-
-# The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use.
-pygments_style = 'sphinx'
-
-# If true, `todo` and `todoList` produce output, else they produce nothing.
-todo_include_todos = False
-
-
-# -- Options for HTML output ----------------------------------------------
-
-# The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages.  See the documentation for
-# a list of builtin themes.
-#
-html_theme = 'alabaster'
-
-# Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme
-# further.  For a list of options available for each theme, see the
-# documentation.
-#
-# html_theme_options = {}
-
-# Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here,
-# relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files,
-# so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css".
-html_static_path = ['_static']
-
-
-# -- Options for HTMLHelp output ------------------------------------------
-
-# Output file base name for HTML help builder.
-htmlhelp_basename = 'alsaaudiodocumentationdoc'
-
-
-# -- Options for LaTeX output ---------------------------------------------
-
-latex_elements = {
-    # The paper size ('letterpaper' or 'a4paper').
-    #
-    # 'papersize': 'letterpaper',
-
-    # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt').
-    #
-    # 'pointsize': '10pt',
-
-    # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble.
-    #
-    # 'preamble': '',
-
-    # Latex figure (float) alignment
-    #
-    # 'figure_align': 'htbp',
-}
-
-# Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title,
-#  author, documentclass [howto, manual, or own class]).
-latex_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'alsaaudiodocumentation.tex', u'alsaaudio documentation Documentation',
-     u'Lars Immisch', 'manual'),
-]
-
-
-# -- Options for manual page output ---------------------------------------
-
-# One entry per manual page. List of tuples
-# (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section).
-man_pages = [
-    (master_doc, 'alsaaudiodocumentation', u'alsaaudio documentation Documentation',
-     [author], 1)
-]
-
-
-# -- Options for Texinfo output -------------------------------------------
-
-# Grouping the document tree into Texinfo files. List of tuples
-# (source start file, target name, title, author,
-#  dir menu entry, description, category)
-texinfo_documents = [
-    (master_doc, 'alsaaudiodocumentation', u'alsaaudio documentation Documentation',
-     author, 'alsaaudiodocumentation', 'One line description of project.',
-     'Miscellaneous'),
-]
-
-
-

examples/isine.py

@@ -1,97 +0,0 @@
-''' Use this example from an interactive python session, for example:
-
->>> from isine import change
->>> change(880)
-'''
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import sys
-import time
-from threading import Thread
-from multiprocessing import Queue
-
-if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
-    from Queue import Empty
-else:
-    from queue import Empty
-
-from math import pi, sin, ceil
-import struct
-import itertools
-import alsaaudio
-
-sampling_rate = 48000
-
-format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
-pack_format = 'h'  # short int, matching S16
-channels = 2
-
-def nearest_frequency(frequency):
-    # calculate the nearest frequency where the wave form fits into the buffer
-    # in other words, select f so that sampling_rate/f is an integer
-    return float(sampling_rate)/int(sampling_rate/frequency)
-
-def generate(frequency, duration = 0.125):
-    # generate a buffer with a sine wave of `frequency`
-    # that is approximately `duration` seconds long
-
-    # the length of a full sine wave at the frequency
-    cycle_size = int(sampling_rate / frequency)
-
-    # number of full cycles we can fit into the duration
-    factor = int(ceil(duration * frequency))
-
-    # total number of frames
-    size = cycle_size * factor
-
-    sine = [ int(32767 * sin(2 * pi * frequency * i / sampling_rate)) \
-             for i in range(size)]
-
-    if channels > 1:
-        sine = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(itertools.repeat(x, channels) for x in sine))
-
-    return struct.pack(str(size * channels) + pack_format, *sine)
-
-
-class SinePlayer(Thread):
-
-    def __init__(self, frequency = 440.0):
-        Thread.__init__(self, daemon=True)
-        self.device = alsaaudio.PCM(channels=channels, format=format, rate=sampling_rate)
-        self.queue = Queue()
-        self.change(frequency)
-
-    def change(self, frequency):
-        '''This is called outside of the player thread'''
-        # we generate the buffer in the calling thread for less
-        # latency when switching frequencies
-
-        if frequency > sampling_rate / 2:
-            raise ValueError('maximum frequency is %d' % (sampling_rate / 2))
-
-        f = nearest_frequency(frequency)
-        print('nearest frequency: %f' % f)
-
-        buf = generate(f)
-        self.queue.put(buf)
-
-    def run(self):
-        buffer = None
-        while True:
-            try:
-                buffer = self.queue.get(False)
-            except Empty:
-                pass
-            if buffer:
-                if self.device.write(buffer) < 0:
-                    print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
-
-
-isine = SinePlayer()
-isine.start()
-
-time.sleep(1)
-isine.change(1000)
-time.sleep(1)
-

examples/loopback.py

@@ -1,403 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
-
-import sys
-import select
-import logging
-import re
-import struct
-import subprocess
-from datetime import datetime, timedelta
-from alsaaudio import (PCM, pcms, PCM_PLAYBACK, PCM_CAPTURE, PCM_NONBLOCK, Mixer,
-	PCM_STATE_OPEN, PCM_STATE_SETUP, PCM_STATE_PREPARED, PCM_STATE_RUNNING, PCM_STATE_XRUN, PCM_STATE_DRAINING,
-	PCM_STATE_PAUSED, PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED, ALSAAudioError)
-from argparse import ArgumentParser
-
-poll_names = {
-	select.POLLIN: 'POLLIN',
-	select.POLLPRI: 'POLLPRI',
-	select.POLLOUT: 'POLLOUT',
-	select.POLLERR: 'POLLERR',
-	select.POLLHUP: 'POLLHUP',
-	select.POLLRDHUP: 'POLLRDHUP',
-	select.POLLNVAL: 'POLLNVAL'
-}
-
-state_names = {
-	PCM_STATE_OPEN: 'PCM_STATE_OPEN',
-	PCM_STATE_SETUP: 'PCM_STATE_SETUP',
-	PCM_STATE_PREPARED: 'PCM_STATE_PREPARED',
-	PCM_STATE_RUNNING: 'PCM_STATE_RUNNING',
-	PCM_STATE_XRUN: 'PCM_STATE_XRUN',
-	PCM_STATE_DRAINING: 'PCM_STATE_DRAINING',
-	PCM_STATE_PAUSED: 'PCM_STATE_PAUSED',
-	PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED: 'PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED'
-}
-
-def poll_desc(mask):
-	return '|'.join([poll_names[bit] for bit, name in poll_names.items() if mask & bit])
-
-class PollDescriptor(object):
-	'''File Descriptor, event mask and a name for logging'''
-	def __init__(self, name, fd, mask):
-		self.name = name
-		self.fd = fd
-		self.mask = mask
-
-	def as_tuple(self):
-		return (self.fd, self.mask)
-
-	@classmethod
-	def from_alsa_object(cls, name, alsaobject, mask=None):
-		# TODO maybe refactor: we ignore objects that have more then one polldescriptor
-		fd, alsamask = alsaobject.polldescriptors()[0]
-
-		if mask is None:
-			mask = alsamask
-
-		return cls(name, fd, mask)
-
-class Loopback(object):
-	'''Loopback state and event handling'''
-
-	def __init__(self, capture, playback_args, volume_handler, run_after_stop=None, run_before_start=None):
-		self.playback_args = playback_args
-		self.playback = None
-		self.volume_handler = volume_handler
-		self.capture_started = None
-		self.last_capture_event = None
-
-		self.capture = capture
-		self.capture_pd = PollDescriptor.from_alsa_object('capture', capture)
-
-		self.run_after_stop = None
-		if run_after_stop:
-			self.run_after_stop = run_after_stop.split(' ')
-
-		self.run_before_start = None
-		if run_before_start:
-			self.run_before_start = run_before_start.split(' ')
-		self.run_after_stop_did_run = False
-
-		self.waitBeforeOpen = False
-		self.queue = []
-
-		self.period_size = 0
-		self.silent_periods = 0
-
-	@staticmethod
-	def compute_energy(data):
-		values = struct.unpack(f'{len(data)//2}h', data)
-		e = 0
-		for v in values:
-			e = e + v * v
-
-		return e
-
-	@staticmethod
-	def run_command(cmd):
-		if cmd:
-			rc = subprocess.run(cmd)
-			if rc.returncode:
-				logging.warning(f'run {cmd}, return code {rc.returncode}')
-			else:
-				logging.info(f'run {cmd}, return code {rc.returncode}')
-
-	def register(self, reactor):
-		reactor.register_timeout_handler(self.timeout_handler)
-		reactor.register(self.capture_pd, self)
-
-	def start(self):
-		# start reading data
-		size, data = self.capture.read()
-		if size:
-			self.queue.append(data)
-
-	def timeout_handler(self):
-		if self.playback and self.capture_started:
-			if self.last_capture_event:
-				if datetime.now() - self.last_capture_event > timedelta(seconds=2):
-					logging.info('timeout - closing playback device')
-					self.playback.close()
-					self.playback = None
-					self.capture_started = None
-					if self.volume_handler:
-						self.volume_handler.stop()
-					self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
-			return
-
-		self.waitBeforeOpen = False
-
-		if not self.run_after_stop_did_run and not self.playback:
-			if self.volume_handler:
-				self.volume_handler.stop()
-			self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
-			self.run_after_stop_did_run = True
-
-	def pop(self):
-		if len(self.queue):
-			return self.queue.pop()
-		else:
-			return None
-
-	def handle_capture_event(self, eventmask, name):
-		'''called when data is available for reading'''
-		self.last_capture_event = datetime.now()
-		size, data = self.capture.read()
-		if not size:
-			logging.warning(f'capture event but no data')
-			return False
-
-		energy = self.compute_energy(data)
-		logging.debug(f'energy: {energy}')
-
-		# the usecase is a USB capture device where we get perfect silence when it's idle
-		if energy == 0:
-			self.silent_periods = self.silent_periods + 1
-
-			# turn off playback after two seconds of silence
-			# 2 channels * 2 seconds * 2 bytes per sample
-			fps = self.playback_args['rate']  * 8 // (self.playback_args['periodsize'] * self.playback_args['periods'])
-
-			logging.debug(f'{self.silent_periods} of {fps} silent periods: {self.playback}')
-
-			if self.silent_periods > fps and self.playback:
-				logging.info(f'closing playback due to silence')
-				self.playback.close()
-				self.playback = None
-				if self.volume_handler:
-					self.volume_handler.stop()
-				self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
-				self.run_after_stop_did_run = True
-
-			if not self.playback:
-				return
-		else:
-			self.silent_periods = 0
-
-		if not self.playback:
-			if self.waitBeforeOpen:
-				return False
-			try:
-				if self.volume_handler:
-					self.volume_handler.start()
-				self.run_command(self.run_before_start)
-				self.playback = PCM(**self.playback_args)
-				self.period_size = self.playback.info()['period_size']
-				logging.info(f'opened playback device with period_size {self.period_size}')
-			except ALSAAudioError as e:
-				logging.info('opening PCM playback device failed: %s', e)
-				self.waitBeforeOpen = True
-				return False
-
-			self.capture_started = datetime.now()
-			logging.info(f'{self.playback} capture started: {self.capture_started}')
-
-		self.queue.append(data)
-
-		if len(self.queue) <= 2:
-			logging.info(f'buffering: {len(self.queue)}')
-			return False
-
-		try:
-			data = self.pop()
-			if data:
-				space = self.playback.avail()
-				written = self.playback.write(data)
-				logging.debug(f'wrote {written} bytes while space was {space}')
-		except ALSAAudioError:
-			logging.error('underrun', exc_info=1)
-
-		return True
-
-	def __call__(self, fd, eventmask, name):
-
-		if fd == self.capture_pd.fd:
-			real_mask = self.capture.polldescriptors_revents([self.capture_pd.as_tuple()])
-			if real_mask:
-				return self.handle_capture_event(real_mask, name)
-			else:
-				logging.debug('null capture event')
-				return False
-		else:
-			real_mask = self.playback.polldescriptors_revents([self.playback_pd.as_tuple()])
-			if real_mask:
-				return self.handle_playback_event(real_mask, name)
-			else:
-				logging.debug('null playback event')
-				return False
-
-class VolumeForwarder(object):
-	'''Volume control event handling'''
-
-	def __init__(self, capture_control, playback_control):
-		self.playback_control = playback_control
-		self.capture_control = capture_control
-		self.active = True
-		self.volume = None
-
-	def start(self):
-		self.active = True
-		if self.volume:
-			self.volume = playback_control.setvolume(self.volume)
-
-	def stop(self):
-		self.active = False
-		self.volume = self.playback_control.getvolume(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)[0]
-
-	def __call__(self, fd, eventmask, name):
-		if not self.active:
-			return
-
-		volume = self.capture_control.getvolume(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)
-		# indicate that we've handled the event
-		self.capture_control.handleevents()
-		logging.info(f'{name} adjusting volume to {volume}')
-		if volume:
-			self.playback_control.setvolume(volume[0])
-
-
-class Reactor(object):
-	'''A wrapper around select.poll'''
-
-	def __init__(self):
-		self.poll = select.poll()
-		self.descriptors = {}
-		self.timeout_handlers = set()
-
-	def register(self, polldescriptor, callable):
-		logging.debug(f'registered {polldescriptor.name}: {poll_desc(polldescriptor.mask)}')
-		self.descriptors[polldescriptor.fd] = (polldescriptor, callable)
-		self.poll.register(polldescriptor.fd, polldescriptor.mask)
-
-	def unregister(self, polldescriptor):
-		self.poll.unregister(polldescriptor.fd)
-		del self.descriptors[polldescriptor.fd]
-
-	def register_timeout_handler(self, callable):
-		self.timeout_handlers.add(callable)
-
-	def unregister_timeout_handler(self, callable):
-		self.timeout_handlers.remove(callable)
-
-	def run(self):
-		last_timeout_ev = datetime.now()
-		while True:
-			# poll for a bit, then send a timeout to registered handlers
-			events = self.poll.poll(0.25)
-			for fd, ev in events:
-				polldescriptor, handler = self.descriptors[fd]
-
-				# very chatty - log all events
-				# logging.debug(f'{polldescriptor.name}: {poll_desc(ev)} ({ev})')
-
-				handler(fd, ev, polldescriptor.name)
-
-			if datetime.now() - last_timeout_ev > timedelta(seconds=0.25):
-				for t in self.timeout_handlers:
-					t()
-				last_timeout_ev = datetime.now()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-	logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
-
-	parser = ArgumentParser(description='ALSA loopback (with volume forwarding)')
-
-	playback_pcms = pcms(pcmtype=PCM_PLAYBACK)
-	capture_pcms = pcms(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)
-
-	if not playback_pcms:
-		logging.error('no playback PCM found')
-		sys.exit(2)
-
-	if not capture_pcms:
-		logging.error('no capture PCM found')
-		sys.exit(2)
-
-	parser.add_argument('-d', '--debug', action='store_true')
-	parser.add_argument('-i', '--input', default=capture_pcms[0])
-	parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', default=playback_pcms[0])
-	parser.add_argument('-r', '--rate', type=int, default=44100)
-	parser.add_argument('-c', '--channels', type=int, default=2)
-	parser.add_argument('-p', '--periodsize', type=int, default=444) # must be divisible by 6 for 44k1
-	parser.add_argument('-P', '--periods', type=int, default=2)
-	parser.add_argument('-I', '--input-mixer', help='Control of the input mixer, can contain the card index, e.g. Digital:2')
-	parser.add_argument('-O', '--output-mixer', help='Control of the output mixer, can contain the card index, e.g. PCM:1')
-	parser.add_argument('-A', '--run-after-stop', help='command to run when the capture device is idle/silent')
-	parser.add_argument('-B', '--run-before-start', help='command to run when the capture device becomes active')
-	parser.add_argument('-V', '--volume', help='Initial volume (default is leave unchanged)')
-
-	args = parser.parse_args()
-
-	if args.debug:
-		logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
-
-	playback_args = {
-		'type': PCM_PLAYBACK,
-		'mode': PCM_NONBLOCK,
-		'device': args.output,
-		'rate': args.rate,
-		'channels': args.channels,
-		'periodsize': args.periodsize,
-		'periods': args.periods
-	}
-
-	reactor = Reactor()
-
-	# If args.input_mixer and args.output_mixer are set, forward the capture volume to the playback volume.
-	# The usecase is a capture device that is implemented using g_audio, i.e. the Linux USB gadget driver.
-	# When a USB device (eg. an iPad) is connected to this machine, its volume events will go to the volume control
-	# of the output device
-
-	capture = None
-	playback = None
-	volume_handler = None
-	if args.input_mixer and args.output_mixer:
-		re_mixer = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z0-9]+):?([0-9+])?')
-
-		input_mixer_card = None
-		m = re_mixer.match(args.input_mixer)
-		if m:
-			input_mixer = m.group(1)
-			if m.group(2):
-				input_mixer_card = int(m.group(2))
-		else:
-			parser.print_usage()
-			sys.exit(1)
-
-		output_mixer_card = None
-		m = re_mixer.match(args.output_mixer)
-		if m:
-			output_mixer = m.group(1)
-			if m.group(2):
-				output_mixer_card = int(m.group(2))
-		else:
-			parser.print_usage()
-			sys.exit(1)
-
-		if input_mixer_card is None:
-			capture = PCM(type=PCM_CAPTURE, mode=PCM_NONBLOCK, device=args.input, rate=args.rate,
-				channels=args.channels, periodsize=args.periodsize, periods=args.periods)
-			input_mixer_card = capture.info()['card_no']
-
-		if output_mixer_card is None:
-			playback = PCM(**playback_args)
-			output_mixer_card = playback.info()['card_no']
-			playback.close()
-
-		playback_control = Mixer(control=output_mixer, cardindex=int(output_mixer_card))
-		capture_control = Mixer(control=input_mixer, cardindex=int(input_mixer_card))
-
-		volume_handler = VolumeForwarder(capture_control, playback_control)
-		reactor.register(PollDescriptor.from_alsa_object('capture_control', capture_control, select.POLLIN), volume_handler)
-
-	if args.volume and playback_control:
-		playback_control.setvolume(int(args.volume))
-
-	loopback = Loopback(capture, playback_args, volume_handler, args.run_after_stop, args.run_before_start)
-	loopback.register(reactor)
-	loopback.start()
-
-	reactor.run()

examples/mixertest.py

@@ -1,159 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-## mixertest.py
-##
-## This is an example of using the ALSA mixer API
-##
-## The script will set the volume or mute switch of the specified Mixer
-## depending on command line options.
-##
-## Examples:
-## python mixertest.py               # list available mixers
-## python mixertest.py Master        # show Master mixer settings
-## python mixertest.py Master 80     # set the master volume to 80%
-## python mixertest.py Master 1,90   # set channel 1 volume to 90%
-## python mixertest.py Master [un]mute   # [un]mute the master mixer
-## python mixertest.py Capture [un]rec   # [dis/en]able capture
-## python mixertest.py Master 0,[un]mute   # [un]mute channel 0
-## python mixertest.py Capture 0,[un]rec   # [dis/en]able capture on channel 0
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import sys
-import getopt
-import alsaaudio
-
-def list_cards():
-    print("Available sound cards:")
-    for i in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
-        (name, longname) = alsaaudio.card_name(i)
-        print("  %d: %s (%s)" % (i, name, longname))
-
-def list_mixers(kwargs):
-    print("Available mixer controls:")
-    for m in alsaaudio.mixers(**kwargs):
-        print("  '%s'" % m)
-
-def show_mixer(name, kwargs):
-    # Demonstrates how mixer settings are queried.
-    try:
-        mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(name, **kwargs)
-    except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
-        print("No such mixer", file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    print("Mixer name: '%s'" % mixer.mixer())
-    volcap = mixer.volumecap()
-    print("Capabilities: %s %s" % (' '.join(volcap),
-                                   ' '.join(mixer.switchcap())))
-
-    if "Volume" in volcap or "Joined Volume" in volcap or "Playback Volume" in volcap:
-        pmin, pmax = mixer.getrange(alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK)
-        pmin_keyword, pmax_keyword = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_RAW)
-        pmin_default, pmax_default = mixer.getrange()
-        assert pmin == pmin_keyword
-        assert pmax == pmax_keyword
-        assert pmin == pmin_default
-        assert pmax == pmax_default
-        print("Raw playback volume range {}-{}".format(pmin, pmax))
-        pmin_dB, pmax_dB = mixer.getrange(units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
-        print("dB playback volume range {}-{}".format(pmin_dB / 100.0, pmax_dB / 100.0))
-
-    if "Capture Volume" in volcap or "Joined Capture Volume" in volcap:
-        # Check that `getrange` works with keyword and positional arguments
-        cmin, cmax = mixer.getrange(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE)
-        cmin_keyword, cmax_keyword = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_RAW)
-        assert cmin == cmin_keyword
-        assert cmax == cmax_keyword
-        print("Raw capture volume range {}-{}".format(cmin, cmax))
-        cmin_dB, cmax_dB = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
-        print("dB capture volume range {}-{}".format(cmin_dB / 100.0, cmax_dB / 100.0))
-
-    volumes = mixer.getvolume()
-    volumes_dB = mixer.getvolume(units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
-    for i in range(len(volumes)):
-        print("Channel %i playback volume: %i%% (%.1f dB)" % (i, volumes[i], volumes_dB[i] / 100.0))
-
-    volumes = mixer.getvolume(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE)
-    volumes_dB = mixer.getvolume(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
-    for i in range(len(volumes)):
-        print("Channel %i capture volume: %i%% (%.1f dB)" % (i, volumes[i], volumes_dB[i] / 100.0))
-
-    try:
-        mutes = mixer.getmute()
-        for i in range(len(mutes)):
-            if mutes[i]:
-                print("Channel %i is muted" % i)
-    except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
-        # May not support muting
-        pass
-
-    try:
-        recs = mixer.getrec()
-        for i in range(len(recs)):
-            if recs[i]:
-                print("Channel %i is recording" % i)
-    except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
-        # May not support recording
-        pass
-
-def set_mixer(name, args, kwargs):
-    # Demonstrates how to set mixer settings
-    try:
-        mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(name, **kwargs)
-    except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
-        print("No such mixer", file=sys.stderr)
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    if args.find(',') != -1:
-        args_array = args.split(',')
-        channel = int(args_array[0])
-        args = ','.join(args_array[1:])
-    else:
-        channel = alsaaudio.MIXER_CHANNEL_ALL
-
-    if args in ['mute', 'unmute']:
-        # Mute/unmute the mixer
-        if args == 'mute':
-            mixer.setmute(1, channel)
-        else:
-            mixer.setmute(0, channel)
-
-    elif args in ['rec','unrec']:
-        # Enable/disable recording
-        if args == 'rec':
-            mixer.setrec(1, channel)
-        else:
-            mixer.setrec(0, channel)
-
-    else:
-        # Set volume for specified channel. MIXER_CHANNEL_ALL means set
-        # volume for all channels
-        volume = int(args)
-        mixer.setvolume(volume, channel)
-
-def usage():
-    print('usage: mixertest.py [-c <card>] [ <control>[,<value>]]',
-          file=sys.stderr)
-    sys.exit(2)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-    kwargs = {}
-    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'c:d:?h')
-    for o, a in opts:
-        if o == '-c':
-            kwargs = { 'cardindex': int(a) }
-        elif o == '-d':
-            kwargs = { 'device': a }
-        else:
-            usage()
-
-    list_cards()
-
-    if not len(args):
-        list_mixers(kwargs)
-    elif len(args) == 1:
-        show_mixer(args[0], kwargs)
-    else:
-        set_mixer(args[0], args[1], kwargs)

examples/play_rusage.py

@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-# Contributed by Stein Magnus Jodal
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import resource
-import time
-
-import alsaaudio
-
-seconds = 0
-max_rss = 0
-device = alsaaudio.PCM()
-
-while True:
-    device.write(b'\x00' * 44100)
-    time.sleep(1)
-    seconds += 1
-    if seconds % 10 == 0:
-        prev_rss = max_rss
-        max_rss = resource.getrusage(resource.RUSAGE_SELF).ru_maxrss
-        diff_rss = max_rss - prev_rss
-        print('After %ds: max RSS %d kB, increased %d kB' % (
-            seconds, max_rss, diff_rss))

examples/playbacktest.py

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
-
-## playbacktest.py
-##
-## This is an example of a simple sound playback script.
-##
-## The script opens an ALSA pcm for sound playback. Set
-## various attributes of the device. It then reads data
-## from stdin and writes it to the device.
-##
-## To test it out do the following:
-## python recordtest.py out.raw # talk to the microphone
-## python playbacktest.py out.raw
-
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import sys
-import time
-import getopt
-import alsaaudio
-
-def usage():
-    print('usage: playbacktest.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
-    sys.exit(2)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-    device = 'default'
-
-    opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
-    for o, a in opts:
-        if o == '-d':
-            device = a
-
-    if not args:
-        usage()
-
-    f = open(args[0], 'rb')
-
-    # Open the device in playback mode in Mono, 44100 Hz, 16 bit little endian frames
-    # The period size controls the internal number of frames per period.
-    # The significance of this parameter is documented in the ALSA api.
-
-    out = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, channels=1, rate=44100, format=alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize=160, device=device)
-    # Read data from stdin
-    data = f.read(320)
-    while data:
-        if out.write(data) < 0:
-            print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
-        data = f.read(320)
-    out.close()
-

examples/playwav.py

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
-
-# Simple test script that plays (some) wav files
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import sys
-import wave
-import getopt
-import alsaaudio
-
-def play(device, f):	
-
-	format = None
-
-	# 8bit is unsigned in wav files
-	if f.getsampwidth() == 1:
-		format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_U8
-	# Otherwise we assume signed data, little endian
-	elif f.getsampwidth() == 2:
-		format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
-	elif f.getsampwidth() == 3:
-		format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE
-	elif f.getsampwidth() == 4:
-		format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE
-	else:
-		raise ValueError('Unsupported format')
-
-	periodsize = f.getframerate() // 8
-
-	print('%d channels, %d sampling rate, format %d, periodsize %d\n' % (f.getnchannels(),
-																		 f.getframerate(),
-																		 format,
-																		 periodsize))
-
-	device = alsaaudio.PCM(channels=f.getnchannels(), rate=f.getframerate(), format=format, periodsize=periodsize, device=device)
-	
-	data = f.readframes(periodsize)
-	while data:
-		# Read data from stdin
-		if device.write(data) < 0:
-			print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
-		data = f.readframes(periodsize)
-
-
-def usage():
-	print('usage: playwav.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
-	sys.exit(2)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-	device = 'default'
-
-	opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
-	for o, a in opts:
-		if o == '-d':
-			device = a
-
-	if not args:
-		usage()
-		
-	with wave.open(args[0], 'rb') as f:
-		play(device, f)

examples/recordtest.py

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
-
-## recordtest.py
-##
-## This is an example of a simple sound capture script.
-##
-## The script opens an ALSA pcm device for sound capture, sets
-## various attributes of the capture, and reads in a loop,
-## writing the data to standard out.
-##
-## To test it out do the following:
-## python recordtest.py out.raw # talk to the microphone
-## aplay -r 8000 -f S16_LE -c 1 out.raw
-
-#!/usr/bin/env python
-
-from __future__ import print_function
-
-import sys
-import time
-import getopt
-import alsaaudio
-
-def usage():
-	print('usage: recordtest.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
-	sys.exit(2)
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-
-	device = 'default'
-
-	opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
-	for o, a in opts:
-		if o == '-d':
-			device = a
-
-	if not args:
-		usage()
-
-	f = open(args[0], 'wb')
-
-	# Open the device in nonblocking capture mode in mono, with a sampling rate of 44100 Hz
-	# and 16 bit little endian samples
-	# The period size controls the internal number of frames per period.
-	# The significance of this parameter is documented in the ALSA api.
-	# For our purposes, it is suficcient to know that reads from the device
-	# will return this many frames. Each frame being 2 bytes long.
-	# This means that the reads below will return either 320 bytes of data
-	# or 0 bytes of data. The latter is possible because we are in nonblocking
-	# mode.
-	inp = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, alsaaudio.PCM_NONBLOCK,
-		channels=1, rate=44100, format=alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
-		periodsize=160, device=device)
-
-	loops = 1000000
-	while loops > 0:
-		loops -= 1
-		# Read data from device
-		l, data = inp.read()
-
-		if l < 0:
-			print("Capture buffer overrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
-		elif l:
-			f.write(data)
-			time.sleep(.001)

genindex.html

@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Index &#8212; alsaaudio documentation 0.11.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css?v=cb25574f" />
+    <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=f3b36f1a"></script>
+    <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9a2dae69"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="#" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+   
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/custom.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+  
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.9, maximum-scale=0.9" />
+
+  </head><body>
+  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          
+
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+
+<h1 id="index">Index</h1>
+
+<div class="genindex-jumpbox">
+ <a href="#A"><strong>A</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#C"><strong>C</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#D"><strong>D</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#G"><strong>G</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#H"><strong>H</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#I"><strong>I</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#M"><strong>M</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#P"><strong>P</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#R"><strong>R</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#S"><strong>S</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#V"><strong>V</strong></a>
+ | <a href="#W"><strong>W</strong></a>
+ 
+</div>
+<h2 id="A">A</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li>
+    alsaaudio
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#module-alsaaudio">module</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.asoundlib_version">asoundlib_version() (in module alsaaudio)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.avail">avail() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="C">C</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.cardname">cardname() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.cardname">(alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.cards">cards() (in module alsaaudio)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.close">close() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.close">(alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="D">D</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.drain">drain() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.drop">drop() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.dumpinfo">dumpinfo() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="G">G</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.get_tstamp_mode">get_tstamp_mode() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.get_tstamp_type">get_tstamp_type() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.getenum">getenum() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.getmute">getmute() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.getrange">getrange() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.getrec">getrec() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.getvolume">getvolume() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="H">H</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.handleevents">handleevents() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.htimestamp">htimestamp() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="I">I</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.info">info() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="M">M</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer">Mixer (class in alsaaudio)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.mixer">mixer() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.mixerid">mixerid() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.mixers">mixers() (in module alsaaudio)</a>
+</li>
+      <li>
+    module
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#module-alsaaudio">alsaaudio</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="P">P</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.pause">pause() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.pcmmode">pcmmode() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.pcms">pcms() (in module alsaaudio)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.pcmtype">pcmtype() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.polldescriptors">polldescriptors() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+
+      <ul>
+        <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.polldescriptors">(alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      </ul></li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.polldescriptors_revents">polldescriptors_revents() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="R">R</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.read">read() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="S">S</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.set_tstamp_mode">set_tstamp_mode() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.set_tstamp_type">set_tstamp_type() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.setchannels">setchannels() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.setenum">setenum() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.setformat">setformat() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.setmute">setmute() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.setperiodsize">setperiodsize() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.setrate">setrate() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.setrec">setrec() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.setvolume">setvolume() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.state">state() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.switchcap">switchcap() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="V">V</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.Mixer.volumecap">volumecap() (alsaaudio.Mixer method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<h2 id="W">W</h2>
+<table style="width: 100%" class="indextable genindextable"><tr>
+  <td style="width: 33%; vertical-align: top;"><ul>
+      <li><a href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.PCM.write">write() (alsaaudio.PCM method)</a>
+</li>
+  </ul></td>
+</tr></table>
+
+
+
+          </div>
+          
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><div class="relations">
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</search>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="clearer"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="footer">
+      &copy;2017, Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup.
+      
+      |
+      Powered by <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx 7.3.7</a>
+      &amp; <a href="https://github.com/bitprophet/alabaster">Alabaster 0.7.12</a>
+      
+    </div>
+
+    
+
+    
+  </body>
+</html>

index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+
+    <title>alsaaudio documentation &#8212; alsaaudio documentation 0.11.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css?v=cb25574f" />
+    <script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=f3b36f1a"></script>
+    <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9a2dae69"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+    <script async="async" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/mathjax@3/es5/tex-mml-chtml.js"></script>
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="Introduction" href="pyalsaaudio.html" />
+   
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/custom.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+  
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.9, maximum-scale=0.9" />
+
+  </head><body>
+  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          
+
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <section id="alsaaudio-documentation">
+<h1>alsaaudio documentation<a class="headerlink" href="#alsaaudio-documentation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<div class="toctree-wrapper compound">
+<p class="caption" role="heading"><span class="caption-text">Contents:</span></p>
+<ul>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyalsaaudio.html">Introduction</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyalsaaudio.html#what-is-alsa">What is ALSA</a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyalsaaudio.html#alsa-and-python">ALSA and Python</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyalsaaudio.html#installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyalsaaudio.html#testing">Testing</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="terminology.html">PCM Terminology and Concepts</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alsaaudio</span></code></a><ul>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.pcms"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pcms()</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.cards"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cards()</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.mixers"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">mixers()</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#alsaaudio.asoundlib_version"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">asoundlib_version()</span></code></a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#pcm-objects">PCM Objects</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#mixer-objects">Mixer Objects</a></li>
+<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#examples">Examples</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="download">
+<h1>Download<a class="headerlink" href="#download" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyalsaaudio">Download from pypi</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+<section id="github">
+<h1>Github<a class="headerlink" href="#github" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/">Repository</a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues">Bug tracker</a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+<section id="indices-and-tables">
+<h1>Indices and tables<a class="headerlink" href="#indices-and-tables" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="genindex.html"><span class="std std-ref">Index</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="py-modindex.html"><span class="std std-ref">Module Index</span></a></p></li>
+<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="search.html"><span class="std std-ref">Search Page</span></a></p></li>
+</ul>
+</section>
+
+
+          </div>
+          
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="#">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">alsaaudio documentation</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#download">Download</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#github">Github</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#indices-and-tables">Indices and tables</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+  </div><div class="relations">
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="#">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+      <li>Next: <a href="pyalsaaudio.html" title="next chapter">Introduction</a></li>
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
+    <h3>This Page</h3>
+    <ul class="this-page-menu">
+      <li><a href="_sources/index.rst.txt"
+            rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
+    </ul>
+   </div>
+<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
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+    </form>
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+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
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+    <div class="footer">
+      &copy;2017, Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup.
+      
+      |
+      Powered by <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx 7.3.7</a>
+      &amp; <a href="https://github.com/bitprophet/alabaster">Alabaster 0.7.12</a>
+      
+      |
+      <a href="_sources/index.rst.txt"
+          rel="nofollow">Page source</a>
+    </div>
+
+    
+
+    
+  </body>
+</html>

py-modindex.html

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+    <title>Python Module Index &#8212; alsaaudio documentation 0.11.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css?v=cb25574f" />
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+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+
+   
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/custom.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+  
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.9, maximum-scale=0.9" />
+
+
+    <script>
+      DOCUMENTATION_OPTIONS.COLLAPSE_INDEX = true;
+    </script>
+
+
+  </head><body>
+  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          
+
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+
+   <h1>Python Module Index</h1>
+
+   <div class="modindex-jumpbox">
+   <a href="#cap-a"><strong>a</strong></a>
+   </div>
+
+   <table class="indextable modindextable">
+     <tr class="pcap"><td></td><td>&#160;</td><td></td></tr>
+     <tr class="cap" id="cap-a"><td></td><td>
+       <strong>a</strong></td><td></td></tr>
+     <tr>
+       <td></td>
+       <td>
+       <a href="libalsaaudio.html#module-alsaaudio"><code class="xref">alsaaudio</code></a> <em>(Linux)</em></td><td>
+       <em></em></td></tr>
+   </table>
+
+
+          </div>
+          
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><div class="relations">
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</search>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
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+    </div>
+    <div class="footer">
+      &copy;2017, Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup.
+      
+      |
+      Powered by <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx 7.3.7</a>
+      &amp; <a href="https://github.com/bitprophet/alabaster">Alabaster 0.7.12</a>
+      
+    </div>
+
+    
+
+    
+  </body>
+</html>

pyalsaaudio.html

@@ -0,0 +1,203 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+
+    <title>Introduction &#8212; alsaaudio documentation 0.11.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/alabaster.css?v=cb25574f" />
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+    <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9a2dae69"></script>
+    <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script>
+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="PCM Terminology and Concepts" href="terminology.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="alsaaudio documentation" href="index.html" />
+   
+  <link rel="stylesheet" href="_static/custom.css" type="text/css" />
+  
+  
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=0.9, maximum-scale=0.9" />
+
+  </head><body>
+  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          
+
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <section id="introduction">
+<h1>Introduction<a class="headerlink" href="#introduction" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<dl class="field-list simple">
+<dt class="field-odd">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
+<dd class="field-odd"><p>Casper Wilstrup &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:cwi&#37;&#52;&#48;aves&#46;dk">cwi<span>&#64;</span>aves<span>&#46;</span>dk</a>&gt;</p>
+</dd>
+<dt class="field-even">Author<span class="colon">:</span></dt>
+<dd class="field-even"><p>Lars Immisch &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:lars&#37;&#52;&#48;ibp&#46;de">lars<span>&#64;</span>ibp<span>&#46;</span>de</a>&gt;</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p id="front">This software is licensed under the PSF license - the same one used by the
+majority of the python distribution. Basically you can use it for anything you
+wish (even commercial purposes). There is no warranty whatsoever.</p>
+<aside class="topic">
+<p class="topic-title">Abstract</p>
+<p>This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python. It is
+currently fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access. MIDI sequencer
+support is low on our priority list, but volunteers are welcome.</p>
+<p>If you find bugs in the wrappers please use the github issue tracker.
+Please don’t send bug reports regarding ALSA specifically. There are several
+bugs in this API, and those should be reported to the ALSA team - not me.</p>
+</aside>
+</section>
+<section id="what-is-alsa">
+<h1>What is ALSA<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-alsa" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>The Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) provides audio and MIDI
+functionality to the Linux operating system.</p>
+<p>Logically ALSA consists of these components:</p>
+<ul class="simple">
+<li><p>A set of kernel drivers. —  These drivers are responsible for handling the
+physical sound  hardware from within the Linux kernel, and have been the
+standard sound implementation in Linux since kernel version 2.5</p></li>
+<li><p>A kernel level API for manipulating the ALSA devices.</p></li>
+<li><p>A user-space C library for simplified access to the sound hardware from
+userspace applications. This library is called <em>libasound</em> and is required by
+all ALSA capable applications.</p></li>
+</ul>
+<p>More information about ALSA may be found on the project homepage
+<a class="reference external" href="http://www.alsa-project.org">http://www.alsa-project.org</a></p>
+<section id="alsa-and-python">
+<h2>ALSA and Python<a class="headerlink" href="#alsa-and-python" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
+<p>The older Linux sound API (OSS) – which is now deprecated – is well supported
+by the standard Python library, through the ossaudiodev module. No native ALSA
+support exists in the standard library.</p>
+<p>There are a few other “ALSA for Python” projects available, including at least
+two different projects called pyAlsa. Neither of these seem to be under active
+development at the time - and neither are very feature complete.</p>
+<p>I wrote PyAlsaAudio to fill this gap. My long term goal is to have the module
+included in the standard Python library, but that looks currently unlikely.</p>
+<p>PyAlsaAudio has full support for sound capture, playback of sound, as well as
+the ALSA Mixer API.</p>
+<p>MIDI support is not available, and since I don’t own any MIDI hardware, it’s
+difficult for me to implement it. Volunteers to work on this would be greatly
+appreciated.</p>
+</section>
+</section>
+<section id="installation">
+<h1>Installation<a class="headerlink" href="#installation" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Note: the wrappers link with the alsasound library (from the alsa-lib package)
+and need the ALSA headers for compilation.  Verify that you have
+/usr/lib/libasound.so and /usr/include/alsa (or similar paths) before building.</p>
+<p><em>On Debian (and probably Ubuntu), install libasound2-dev.</em></p>
+<p>Naturally you also need to use a kernel with proper ALSA support. This is the
+default in Linux kernel 2.6 and later. If you are using kernel version 2.4 you
+may need to install the ALSA patches yourself - although most distributions
+ship with ALSA kernels.</p>
+<p>To install, execute the following:  —</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python setup.py build
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>And then as root:  —</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># python setup.py install</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</section>
+<section id="testing">
+<h1>Testing<a class="headerlink" href="#testing" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>Make sure that <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aplay</span></code> plays a file through the soundcard you want, then
+try:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python playwav.py &lt;filename.wav&gt;
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>If <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aplay</span></code> needs a device argument, like
+<code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">aplay</span> <span class="pre">-D</span> <span class="pre">hw:CARD=sndrpihifiberry,DEV=0</span></code>, use:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python playwav.py -d hw:CARD=sndrpihifiberry,DEV=0 &lt;filename.wav&gt;
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>To test PCM recordings (on your default soundcard), verify your
+microphone works, then do:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python recordtest.py -d &lt;device&gt; &lt;filename&gt;
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>Speak into the microphone, and interrupt the recording at any time
+with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Ctl-C</span></code>.</p>
+<p>Play back the recording with:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ python playbacktest.py -d &lt;device&gt; &lt;filename&gt;
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+<p>There is a minimal test suite in <code class="code docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">test.py</span></code>, but it is
+a bit dependent on the ALSA configuration and may fail without indicating
+a real problem.</p>
+<p>If you find bugs/problems, please file a <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues">bug report</a>.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+          </div>
+          
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper">
+  <div>
+    <h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
+    <ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Introduction</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-alsa">What is ALSA</a><ul>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#alsa-and-python">ALSA and Python</a></li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#installation">Installation</a></li>
+<li><a class="reference internal" href="#testing">Testing</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+  </div><div class="relations">
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+      <li>Previous: <a href="index.html" title="previous chapter">alsaaudio documentation</a></li>
+      <li>Next: <a href="terminology.html" title="next chapter">PCM Terminology and Concepts</a></li>
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
+    <h3>This Page</h3>
+    <ul class="this-page-menu">
+      <li><a href="_sources/pyalsaaudio.rst.txt"
+            rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
+    </ul>
+   </div>
+<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
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+</html>

pyproject.toml

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-[project]
-name = "pyalsaaudio"
-version = "0.11.0"
-description = "ALSA bindings"
-readme.text = """
-This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python.
-It is fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access.
-"""
-readme.content-type = "text/plain"
-
-license.file = "LICENSE"
-
-# NOTE: license as a table has been deprecated by PEP-639, however support in
-# setuptools has been introduced in v77.0 which is not installable on Python
-# 3.9. Since this project doesn't constraint the minimum python version, we have
-# to stick to the legacy `license` definition for now.
-
-# license="PSF-2.0"
-# license-files=["LICENSE"]
-
-classifiers = [
-	"Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
-	"Intended Audience :: Developers",
-	"Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
-	"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
-	"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio",
-	"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Mixers",
-	"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Players",
-	"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Capture/Recording",
-]
-
-[[project.authors]]
-name = "Casper Wilstrup"
-email = "cwi@aves.dk"
-
-[[project.maintainers]]
-name = "Lars Immisch"
-email = "lars@ibp.de"
-
-[project.urls]
-homepage = "http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/"
-source = "https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio"
-documentation = "https://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/"
-issues = "https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues"
-
-
-[build-system]
-requires = ["setuptools"]
-build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
-
-
-[tool.setuptools]
-ext-modules = [
-	{ name = "alsaaudio", sources = ["src/alsaaudio.c"], libraries = ["asound"] }
-]
-
-
-[tool.cibuildwheel]
-build-frontend = "build[uv]"
-before-all = "ci/setup_cibuildwheel.sh"
-
-
-[dependency-groups]
-lint = [
-	"mypy>=1.17.1",
-	"pyright>=1.1.403",
-]
-doc = [
-	"sphinx>=8.1.3",
-]

search.html

@@ -0,0 +1,95 @@
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+
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+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
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+    </div>
+
+    
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+    
+  </body>
+</html>

src/alsaaudio-stubs/__init__.pyi

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
-from typing import Final, final
-
-PCM_PLAYBACK: Final[int]
-PCM_CAPTURE: Final[int]
-
-PCM_NORMAL: Final[int]
-PCM_NONBLOCK: Final[int]
-PCM_ASYNC: Final[int]
-
-PCM_FORMAT_S8: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U8: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_MPEG: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_GSM: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE: Final[int]
-
-PCM_TSTAMP_NONE: Final[int]
-PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE: Final[int]
-
-PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY: Final[int]
-PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC: Final[int]
-PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC_RAW: Final[int]
-
-PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE: Final[int]
-PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE: Final[int]
-
-PCM_STATE_OPEN: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_SETUP: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_PREPARED: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_RUNNING: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_XRUN: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_DRAINING: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_PAUSED: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED: Final[int]
-PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED: Final[int]
-
-MIXER_CHANNEL_ALL: Final[int]
-
-# NOTE: Omit for now - use case unknown (see alsaaudio.c)
-#MIXER_SCHN_UNKNOWN: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_LEFT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_RIGHT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_LEFT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_RIGHT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_CENTER: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_WOOFER: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_SIDE_LEFT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_SIDE_RIGHT: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_CENTER: Final[int]
-#MIXER_SCHN_MONO: Final[int]
-
-VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE: Final[int]
-VOLUME_UNITS_RAW: Final[int]
-VOLUME_UNITS_DB: Final[int]
-
-def pcms(pcmtype: int) -> list[str]: ...
-def cards() -> list[str]: ...
-def mixers(cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> list[str]: ...
-def asoundlib_version() -> str: ...
-
-def card_indexes() -> list[int]: ...
-def card_name(index: int): ...
-
-_DEPRECATED = ...
-
-@final
-class PCM:
-	def __init__(
-		self,
-		type: int = PCM_PLAYBACK,
-		mode: int = PCM_NORMAL,
-		device: str = "default",
-		cardindex: int = -1,
-		card: str = _DEPRECATED,
-		rate: int = 44100,
-		channels: int = 2,
-		format: int = PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
-		periodsize: int = 32,
-		periods: int = 4,
-	) -> None: ...
-	def close(self) -> None: ...
-	def dumpinfo(self) -> None: ...
-	def info(self) -> dict: ...
-	def state(self) -> int: ...
-	def htimestamp(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]: ...
-	def set_tstamp_mode(self, mode: int = PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) -> None: ...
-	def get_tstamp_mode(self) -> int: ...
-	def set_tstamp_type(self, type: int = PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY) -> None: ...
-	def get_tstamp_type(self) -> int: ...
-	def getformats(self) -> dict: ...
-	def getratebounds(self) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
-	def getrates(self) -> int | tuple[int, int] | list[int]: ...
-	def getchannels(self) -> list[int]: ...
-	def setchannels(self, nchannels: int) -> None: ...
-	def pcmtype(self) -> int: ...
-	def pcmmode(self) -> int: ...
-	def cardname(self) -> str: ...
-	def setrate(self, rate: int) -> None: ...
-	def setformat(self, format: int) -> int: ...
-	def setperiodsize(self, period: int) -> int: ...
-	def read(self) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
-	def write(self, data: bytes) -> int: ...
-	def avail(self) -> int: ...
-	def pause(self, enable: bool = True) -> int: ...
-	def drop(self) -> int: ...
-	def drain(self) -> int: ...
-	def polldescriptors(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
-	def polldescriptors_revents(self, descriptors: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> int: ...
-
-@final
-class Mixer:
-	def __init__(self, control: str = 'Master', id: int = 0, cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> None: ...
-	def cardname(self) -> str: ...
-	def close(self) -> None: ...
-	def mixer(self) -> str: ...
-	def mixerid(self) -> int: ...
-	def switchcap(self) -> int: ...
-	def volumecap(self) -> int: ...
-	def getvolume(self, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int: ...
-	def getrange(self, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
-	def getenum(self) -> tuple[str, list[str]]: ...
-	def getmute(self) -> list[int]: ...
-	def getrec(self) -> list[int]: ...
-	def setvolume(self, volume: int, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
-	def setenum(self, index: int) -> None: ...
-	def setmute(self, mute: bool, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
-	def setrec(self, capture: int, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
-	def polldescriptors(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
-	def handleevents(self) -> int: ...
-
-class ALSAAudioError(Exception): ...

terminology.html

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+
+<html lang="en" data-content_root="./">
+  <head>
+    <meta charset="utf-8" />
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" />
+
+    <title>PCM Terminology and Concepts &#8212; alsaaudio documentation 0.11.0 documentation</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="_static/pygments.css?v=fa44fd50" />
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+    <link rel="index" title="Index" href="genindex.html" />
+    <link rel="search" title="Search" href="search.html" />
+    <link rel="next" title="alsaaudio" href="libalsaaudio.html" />
+    <link rel="prev" title="Introduction" href="pyalsaaudio.html" />
+   
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+  
+  
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+
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+  
+
+    <div class="document">
+      <div class="documentwrapper">
+        <div class="bodywrapper">
+          
+
+          <div class="body" role="main">
+            
+  <section id="pcm-terminology-and-concepts">
+<h1>PCM Terminology and Concepts<a class="headerlink" href="#pcm-terminology-and-concepts" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
+<p>In order to use PCM devices it is useful to be familiar with some concepts and
+terminology.</p>
+<dl>
+<dt>Sample</dt><dd><p>PCM audio, whether it is input or output, consists of <em>samples</em>.
+A single sample represents the amplitude of one channel of sound
+at a certain point in time. A lot of individual samples are
+necessary to represent actual sound; for CD audio, 44100 samples
+are taken every second.</p>
+<p>Samples can be of many different sizes, ranging from 8 bit to 64
+bit precision. The specific format of each sample can also vary -
+they can be big endian byte integers, little endian byte integers, or
+floating point numbers.</p>
+<p>Musically, the sample size determines the dynamic range. The
+dynamic range is the difference between the quietest and the
+loudest signal that can be reproduced.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Frame</dt><dd><p>A frame consists of exactly one sample per channel. If there is only one
+channel (Mono sound) a frame is simply a single sample. If the sound is
+stereo, each frame consists of two samples, etc.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Frame size</dt><dd><p>This is the size in bytes of each frame. This can vary a lot: if each sample
+is 8 bits, and we’re handling mono sound, the frame size is one byte.
+For six channel audio with 64 bit floating point samples, the frame size
+is 48 bytes.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Rate</dt><dd><p>PCM sound consists of a flow of sound frames. The sound rate controls how
+often the current frame is replaced. For example, a rate of 8000 Hz
+means that a new frame is played or captured 8000 times per second.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Data rate</dt><dd><p>This is the number of bytes which must be consumed or provided per
+second at a certain frame size and rate.</p>
+<p>8000 Hz mono sound with 8 bit (1 byte) samples has a data rate of
+8000  * 1 * 1 = 8 kb/s or 64kbit/s. This is typically used for telephony.</p>
+<p>At the other end of the scale, 96000 Hz, 6 channel sound with 64
+bit (8 bytes) samples has a data rate of 96000 * 6 * 8 = 4608
+kb/s (almost 5 MB sound data per second).</p>
+<p>If the data rate requirement is not met, an overrun (on capture) or
+underrun (on playback) occurs; the term “xrun” is used to refer to
+either event.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl id="term-period">
+<dt>Period</dt><dd><p>The CPU processes sample data in chunks of frames, so-called periods
+(also called fragments by some systems). The operating system kernel’s
+sample buffer must hold at least two periods (at any given time, one
+is processed by the sound hardware, and one by the CPU).</p>
+<p>The completion of a <em>period</em> triggers a CPU interrupt, which causes
+processing and context switching overhead. Therefore, a smaller period
+size causes higher CPU resource usage at a given data rate.</p>
+<p>A bigger size of the <em>buffer</em> improves the system’s resilience to xruns.
+The buffer being split into a bigger number of smaller periods also does
+that, as it allows it to be drained / topped up sooner.</p>
+<p>On the other hand, a bigger size of the <em>buffer</em> also increases the
+playback latency, that is, the time it takes for a frame from being
+sent out by the application to being actually audible.</p>
+<p>Similarly, a bigger <em>period</em> size increases the capture latency.</p>
+<p>The trade-off between latency, xrun resilience, and resource usage
+must be made depending on the application.</p>
+</dd>
+<dt>Period size</dt><dd><p>This is the size of each period in frames. <em>Not bytes, but frames!</em>
+In <a class="reference internal" href="libalsaaudio.html#module-alsaaudio" title="alsaaudio (Linux)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alsaaudio</span></code></a> the period size is set directly, and it is
+therefore important to understand the significance of this
+number. If the period size is configured to for example 32,
+each write should contain exactly 32 frames of sound data, and each
+read will return either 32 frames of data or nothing at all.</p>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<dl id="term-sample-size">
+<dt>Sample size</dt><dd><p>Each sample takes <em>physical_bits</em> of space. <em>nominal_bits</em> tells
+how many least significant bits are used. This is the bit depth
+in the format name and sometimes called just <em>sample bits</em> or
+<em>format width</em>. <em>significant_bits</em> tells how many most significant
+bits of the <em>nominal_bits</em> are used by the sample. This can be thought
+of as the <em>sample resolution</em>. This is visualized as follows:</p>
+<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">MSB</span> <span class="o">|</span><span class="mi">00000000</span> <span class="n">XXXXXXXX</span> <span class="n">XXXXXXXX</span> <span class="mi">00000000</span><span class="o">|</span> <span class="n">LSB</span>
+              <span class="o">|--</span><span class="n">significant</span><span class="o">--|</span>
+              <span class="o">|---------</span><span class="n">nominal</span><span class="o">---------|</span>
+    <span class="o">|-------------</span><span class="n">physical</span><span class="o">--------------|</span>
+</pre></div>
+</div>
+</dd>
+</dl>
+<p>Once you understand these concepts, you will be ready to use the PCM API. Read
+on.</p>
+</section>
+
+
+          </div>
+          
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation">
+        <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"><div class="relations">
+<h3>Related Topics</h3>
+<ul>
+  <li><a href="index.html">Documentation overview</a><ul>
+      <li>Previous: <a href="pyalsaaudio.html" title="previous chapter">Introduction</a></li>
+      <li>Next: <a href="libalsaaudio.html" title="next chapter"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">alsaaudio</span></code></a></li>
+  </ul></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+  <div role="note" aria-label="source link">
+    <h3>This Page</h3>
+    <ul class="this-page-menu">
+      <li><a href="_sources/terminology.rst.txt"
+            rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li>
+    </ul>
+   </div>
+<search id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search">
+  <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3>
+    <div class="searchformwrapper">
+    <form class="search" action="search.html" method="get">
+      <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/>
+      <input type="submit" value="Go" />
+    </form>
+    </div>
+</search>
+<script>document.getElementById('searchbox').style.display = "block"</script>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+      <div class="clearer"></div>
+    </div>
+    <div class="footer">
+      &copy;2017, Lars Immisch & Casper Wilstrup.
+      
+      |
+      Powered by <a href="http://sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx 7.3.7</a>
+      &amp; <a href="https://github.com/bitprophet/alabaster">Alabaster 0.7.12</a>
+      
+      |
+      <a href="_sources/terminology.rst.txt"
+          rel="nofollow">Page source</a>
+    </div>
+
+    
+
+    
+  </body>
+</html>

tests/test.py

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
-# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
-
-# These are internal tests. They shouldn't fail, but they don't cover all
-# of the ALSA API. Most importantly PCM.read and PCM.write are missing.
-# These need to be tested by playbacktest.py and recordtest.py
-
-# In case of a problem, run these tests. If they fail, file a bug report on
-# http://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues
-
-import unittest
-import alsaaudio
-import warnings
-from contextlib import closing
-
-MethodsType = list[tuple[str, tuple[int, ...] | None]]
-
-# we can't test read and write well - these are tested otherwise
-PCMMethods: MethodsType = [
-	('pcmtype', None),
-	('pcmmode', None),
-	('cardname', None)
-]
-
-PCMDeprecatedMethods: MethodsType = [
-	('setchannels', (2,)),
-	('setrate', (44100,)),
-	('setformat', (alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S8,)),
-	('setperiodsize', (320,))
-]
-
-# A clever test would look at the Mixer capabilities and selectively run the
-# omitted tests, but I am too tired for that.
-
-MixerMethods: MethodsType = [
-	('cardname', None),
-	('mixer', None),
-	('mixerid', None),
-	('switchcap', None),
-	('volumecap', None),
-	('getvolume', None),
-	('getrange', None),
-	('getenum', None),
-#	('getmute', None),
-#	('getrec', None),
-#	('setvolume', (60,)),
-#	('setmute', (0,))
-#	('setrec', (0')),
-]
-
-class MixerTest(unittest.TestCase):
-	"""Test Mixer objects"""
-
-	def testMixer(self):
-		"""Open the default Mixers and the Mixers on every card"""
-
-		for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
-			mixers = alsaaudio.mixers(cardindex=c)
-
-			for m in mixers:
-				mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(m, cardindex=c)
-				mixer.close()
-
-	def testMixerAll(self):
-		"Run common Mixer methods on an open object"
-
-		mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
-		mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
-
-		for m, a in MixerMethods:
-			f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
-			if a is None:
-				f(mixer)
-			else:
-				f(mixer, *a)
-
-		mixer.close()
-
-	def testMixerClose(self):
-		"""Run common Mixer methods on a closed object and verify it raises an
-		error"""
-
-		mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
-		mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
-		mixer.close()
-
-		for m, a in MixerMethods:
-			f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
-			if a is None:
-				self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer)
-			else:
-				self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer, *a)
-
-class PCMTest(unittest.TestCase):
-	"""Test PCM objects"""
-
-	def testPCM(self):
-		"Open a PCM object on every card"
-
-		for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
-			pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(cardindex=c)
-			pcm.close()
-
-	def testPCMAll(self):
-		"Run all PCM methods on an open object"
-
-		pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
-
-		for m, a in PCMMethods:
-			f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
-			if a is None:
-				f(pcm)
-			else:
-				f(pcm, *a)
-
-		pcm.close()
-
-	def testPCMClose(self):
-		"Run all PCM methods on a closed object and verify it raises an error"
-
-		pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
-		pcm.close()
-
-		for m, a in PCMMethods:
-			f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
-			if a is None:
-				self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm)
-			else:
-				self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm, *a)
-
-	def testPCMDeprecated(self):
-		with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-			# Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
-			warnings.simplefilter("always")
-
-			try:
-				pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(card='default')
-			except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
-				pass
-
-			# Verify we got a DepreciationWarning
-			self.assertEqual(len(w), 1, "PCM(card='default') expected a warning" )
-			self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning), "PCM(card='default') expected a DeprecationWarning")
-
-		for m, a in PCMDeprecatedMethods:
-			with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
-				# Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
-				warnings.simplefilter("always")
-
-				pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
-
-				f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
-				if a is None:
-					f(pcm)
-				else:
-					f(pcm, *a)
-
-				# Verify we got a DepreciationWarning
-				method = "%s%s" % (m, str(a))
-				self.assertEqual(len(w), 1, method + " expected a warning")
-				self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning), method + " expected a DeprecationWarning")
-
-class PollDescriptorArgsTest(unittest.TestCase):
-	'''Test invalid args for polldescriptors_revents (takes a list of tuples of 2 integers)'''
-	def testArgsNoList(self):
-		with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
-			with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-				pcm.polldescriptors_revents('foo') # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-
-	def testArgsListButNoTuples(self):
-		with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
-			with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-				pcm.polldescriptors_revents(['foo', 1])  # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-
-	def testArgsListButInvalidTuples(self):
-		with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
-			with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-				pcm.polldescriptors_revents([('foo', 'bar')]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-
-	def testArgsListTupleWrongLength(self):
-		with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
-			with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-				pcm.polldescriptors_revents([(1, )]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-
-			with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
-				pcm.polldescriptors_revents([(1, 2, 3)]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-	unittest.main()

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