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3 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Lars Immisch
917a11b398 Report volume like alsamixer. Maybe.
I have no idea how they calculate dB.
2017-11-07 00:57:02 +01:00
Lars Immisch
ce84e69cc1 Fix kwargs, and modernize mixertest.py a bit
Preliminary error handling for dB volume settings
2017-11-06 23:32:24 +01:00
Lars Immisch
c2cfe0211b Add setting/getting volume in dB.
Potentially breaking change: getvolume now always returns a list of float values,
not integers as before.
2017-11-03 00:01:56 +01:00
34 changed files with 3326 additions and 5685 deletions

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@@ -1,40 +0,0 @@
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
branches:
- main
concurrency:
group: "pages"
cancel-in-progress: false
jobs:
build:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v5
- name: Install uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
- name: Install ALSA headers
run: sudo apt-get install libasound2-dev
- name: Build HTML documentation
run: make -C doc html
- name: Upload artifacts
uses: actions/upload-pages-artifact@v4
with:
path: doc/html
deploy:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
needs: build
permissions:
contents: read
pages: write
id-token: write
environment:
name: github-pages
url: ${{ steps.deployment.outputs.page_url }}
steps:
- name: Deploy to GitHub Pages
id: deployment
uses: actions/deploy-pages@v4

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@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
# Adapted from: https://github.com/pypa/cibuildwheel/blob/main/examples/github-deploy.yml
on:
workflow_dispatch:
push:
tags: "*"
jobs:
build_wheels:
name: Build wheels on ${{ matrix.os }}
runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
strategy:
matrix:
os:
- ubuntu-24.04
- ubuntu-24.04-arm
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v5
- name: Install uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
- name: Build wheels
run: make build_wheels
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: cibw-wheels-${{ matrix.os }}-${{ strategy.job-index }}
path: ./wheelhouse/*.whl
build_sdist:
name: Build source distribution
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v5
- name: Install uv
uses: astral-sh/setup-uv@v6
- name: Build sdist
run: make build_sdist
- uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: cibw-sdist
path: dist/*.tar.gz
upload_pypi:
needs: [build_wheels, build_sdist]
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
environment: pypi
permissions:
id-token: write
steps:
- uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
with:
# unpacks all CIBW artifacts into dist/
pattern: cibw-*
path: dist
merge-multiple: true
- uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1

8
.gitignore vendored
View File

@@ -4,12 +4,6 @@ MANIFEST
doc/gh-pages/
doc/html/
doc/doctrees/
doc/_build/
gh-pages/
build/
dist/
wheelhouse/
.vscode/
/__pycache__/
*.egg-info/
*.raw
dist/

70
CHANGES Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
Version 0.8.2:
- fix #3 (we cannot get the revision from git for pip installs)
Version 0.8.1:
- document changes (this file)
Version 0.8:
- 'PCM()' has new 'device' and 'cardindex' keyword arguments.
The keyword 'device' allows to select virtual devices, 'cardindex' can be
used to select hardware cards by index (as with 'mixers()' and 'Mixer()').
The 'card' keyword argument is still supported, but deprecated.
The reason for this change is that the 'card' keyword argument guessed
a device name from the card name, but this only works sometimes, and breaks
opening virtual devices.
- new function 'pcms()' to list available PCM devices.
- mixers() and Mixer() take an additional 'device' keyword argument.
This allows to list or open virtual devices.
- The default behaviour of Mixer() without any arguments has changed.
Now Mixer() will try to open the 'default' Mixer instead of the Mixer
that is associated with card 0.
- fix a memory leak under Python 3.x
- some more memory leaks in error conditions fixed.
Version 0.7:
- fixed several memory leaks (patch 3372909), contributed by Erik Kulyk)
Version 0.6:
- mostly reverted patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup did not do complete error
checking for good reasons; some ALSA functions in alsapcm_setup may fail without
rendering the device unusable
Version 0.5:
- applied patch 2777035: Fixed setrec method in alsaaudio.c
This included a mixertest with more features
- fixed/applied patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup does not do any error checking
Version 0.4:
- API changes: mixers() and Mixer() now take a card index instead of a
card name as optional parameter.
- Support for Python 3.0
- Documentation converted to reStructuredText; use Sphinx instead of LaTeX.
- added cards()
- added PCM.close()
- added Mixer.close()
- added mixer.getenum()
Version 0.3:
- wrapped blocking calls with Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS/Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS
- added pause
Version 0.2:
- Many bugfixes related to playback in particular
- Module documentation in the doc subdirectory
Version 0.1:
- Initial version

View File

@@ -1,127 +0,0 @@
# Version 0.11.0
- Fixed `Mixer.getvolume()` returning outdated value (#126)
- Fixed PCM crashing with some sample formats due to buffer size
miscalculation
- Fixed `PCM.read()` ignoring overruns (regression in 0.10.0)
- Reverted to `PCM.write()` not throwing an exception on playback buffer
underrun; instead, return -EPIPE like `PCM.read()` does on overrun (#130)
- Added `PCM.avail()` and `PCM.polldescriptors_revents()` functions
- Added `nominal_bits` and `physical_bits` entries to `PCM.info()`'s
return value
- Added Python type hint file, and adjusted documentation accordingly (#58)
- Improvements to the examples, in particular isine.py (#42)
Contributions by @ossilator and @viinikv.
# Version 0.10.0
- assorted improvements (#123 from @ossilator)
- support for `periods` in the `PCM` constructor.
- new functions `PCM.state()`, `PCM.drop()` and `PCM.drain()`
- improved underrun/overrun handling
- documentation improvements/consolidation (docstrings were removed in favour of online documentation)
- more sampling rates
- bug fixes
# Version 0.9.2
- Fix alsamixer_getvolume (#112 from @stephensp)
# Version 0.9.1:
- Support decibel, percentage, and raw volumes in getvolume, setvolume, and getrange (#109 from @chrisdiamand)
# Version 0.9.0:
- Added keyword arguments for channels, format, rate and periodsize
- Deprecated `setchannel`, `setformat`, `setrate` and `setperiodsize`
# Version 0.8.6:
- Added four methods to the `PCM` class to allow users to get detailed information about the device:
- `getformats()` returns a dictionary of name / value pairs, one for each of the card's
supported formats - e.g. `{"U8": 1, "S16_LE": 2}`,
- `getchannels()` returns a list of the supported channel numbers, e.g. `[1, 2]`,
- `getrates()` returns supported sample rates for the device, e.g. `[48000]`,
- `getratebounds()` returns the device's official minimum and maximum supported
sample rates as a tuple, e.g. `(4000, 48000)`.
(#82 contributed by @jdstmporter)
- Prevent hang on close after capturing audio (#80 contributed by @daym)
# Version 0.8.5:
- Return an empty string/bytestring when `read()` detects an
overrun. Previously the returned data was undefined (contributed by @jcea)
- Unlimited setperiod buffer size when reading frames (contributed by @jcea)
# Version 0.8.4:
- Fix Python3 API usage broken in 0.8.3
# Version 0.8.3:
- Add DSD sample formats (contributed by @lintweaker)
- Add Mixer.handleevents() to acknowledge events identified by select.poll (contributed by @PaulSD)
- Add functions for listing cards and their names (contributed by @chrisdiamand)
- Add a method for setting enums (contributed by @chrisdiamand)
# Version 0.8.2:
- fix #3 (we cannot get the revision from git for pip installs)
# Version 0.8.1:
- document changes (this file)
# Version 0.8:
- `PCM()` has new `device` and `cardindex` keyword arguments.
The keyword `device` allows to select virtual devices, `cardindex` can be
used to select hardware cards by index (as with `mixers()` and `Mixer()`).
The `card` keyword argument is still supported, but deprecated.
The reason for this change is that the `card` keyword argument guessed
a device name from the card name, but this only works sometimes, and breaks
opening virtual devices.
- new function `pcms()` to list available PCM devices.
- `mixers()` and `Mixer()` take an additional `device` keyword argument.
This allows to list or open virtual devices.
- The default behaviour of `Mixer()` without any arguments has changed.
Now Mixer() will try to open the `default` Mixer instead of the Mixer
that is associated with card 0.
- fix a memory leak under Python 3.x
- some more memory leaks in error conditions fixed.
# Version 0.7:
- fixed several memory leaks (patch 3372909), contributed by Erik Kulyk)
# Version 0.6:
- mostly reverted patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup did not do complete error
checking for good reasons; some ALSA functions in alsapcm_setup may fail without
rendering the device unusable
# Version 0.5:
- applied patch 2777035: Fixed setrec method in alsaaudio.c
This included a mixertest with more features
- fixed/applied patch 2594366: alsapcm_setup does not do any error checking
# Version 0.4:
- API changes: mixers() and Mixer() now take a card index instead of a
card name as optional parameter.
- Support for Python 3.0
- Documentation converted to reStructuredText; use Sphinx instead of LaTeX.
- added `cards()`
- added `PCM.close()`
- added `Mixer.close()`
- added `mixer.getenum()`
# Version 0.3:
- wrapped blocking calls with `Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`/`Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`
- added pause
# Version 0.2:
- Many bugfixes related to playback in particular
- Module documentation in the doc subdirectory
# Version 0.1:
- Initial version

View File

@@ -1,2 +1,5 @@
graft doc/
graft examples/
include *.py
include CHANGES
include TODO
include LICENSE
recursive-include doc *.html *.gif *.png *.css *.py *.rst *.js *.json Makefile

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@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
.PHONY: lint test build_wheels build_sdist build
lint:
uv run --group lint pyright; \
uv run --group lint stubtest alsaaudio
test:
uv run tests/test.py
build_wheels:
uvx cibuildwheel==3.1.4
build_sdist:
uv build --sdist
build: build_sdist build_wheels

11
NOTES.md Normal file
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@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
# Publishing the documentation
- Install Sphinx; `sudo pip install sphinx`
- Clone gh-pages branch: `cd doc; git clone -b gh-pages git@github.com:larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio.git gh-pages`
- `cd doc; make publish`
# Release procedure
- Update version number in setup.py
- Create tag and push it, i.e. `git tag x.y.z; git push origin x.y.z`
- `python setup.py sdist upload -r pypi`

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@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
For documentation, see http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/
> Author: Casper Wilstrup (cwi@aves.dk)
> Author: Casper Wilstrup (cwi@aves.dk)
> Maintainer: Lars Immisch (lars@ibp.de)
This package contains wrappers for accessing the
@@ -45,10 +45,15 @@ First, get the sources and change to the source directory:
$ git clone https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio.git
$ cd pyalsaaudio
```
Then, build and install:
Then, build:
```
$ pip install .
$ python setup.py build
```
And install:
```
$ sudo python setup.py install
```
# Using the API

2595
alsaaudio.c Normal file

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

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@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
#!/bin/sh
# NOTE: ensure to use the correct package manager depending on the manylinux
# image used.
if which yum; then
yum install -y alsa-lib-devel
exit
fi
if which apk; then
apk add alsa-lib-dev
exit
fi
if which apt-get; then
apt-get install -y libasound2-dev
exit
fi
echo "Cannot install ALSA headers! No package manager detected"
exit 1

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@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
# You can set these variables from the command line.
SPHINXOPTS =
SPHINXBUILD = uv run --group doc sphinx-build
SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build
PAPER =
# Internal variables.
@@ -70,3 +70,9 @@ linkcheck:
@echo
@echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \
"or in linkcheck/output.txt."
gh-pages: html
cd gh-pages; git pull --rebase; cd ..; cp -r ./html/* gh-pages
publish: gh-pages
cd gh-pages; git commit -a; git push; cd ..

View File

@@ -1,22 +1,9 @@
# Make a new release
Create and push a tag naming the version (i.e. 0.11.1):
git tag 0.11.1
git push origin 0.11.1
This should trigger a build via a github actions and publish pre-built binaries to pypi.org
# Publish the documentation
All commits to main should trigger a rebuild of the documentation.
## Historical background
The documentation is published through the `gh-pages` branch.
To publish the documentation, you need to clone the `gh-pages` branch of this repository into
`doc/gh-pages`. In `doc`, do:
`doc/gh-pages`. In `doc`, do:
git clone -b gh-pages git@github.com:larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio.git gh-pages

View File

@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@
# import sys
# sys.path.insert(0, os.path.abspath('.'))
from importlib.metadata import version
pyalsa_version = version("pyalsaaudio")
import sys
sys.path.insert(0, '..')
from setup import pyalsa_version
# -- General configuration ------------------------------------------------
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ release = version
#
# This is also used if you do content translation via gettext catalogs.
# Usually you set "language" from the command line for these cases.
language = 'en'
language = None
# List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and
# directories to ignore when looking for source files.

View File

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
.. alsaaudio documentation documentation master file, created by
sphinx-quickstart on Thu Mar 30 23:52:21 2017.
You can adapt this file completely to your liking, but it should at least
contain the root `toctree` directive.
alsaaudio documentation
===================================================
@@ -13,13 +18,15 @@ Download
========
* `Download from pypi <https://pypi.python.org/pypi/pyalsaaudio>`_
Github
======
* `Repository <https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/>`_
* `Bug tracker <https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues>`_
Indices and tables
==================
@@ -27,3 +34,5 @@ Indices and tables
* :ref:`modindex`
* :ref:`search`

View File

@@ -5,19 +5,42 @@
.. module:: alsaaudio
:platform: Linux
.. % \declaremodule{builtin}{alsaaudio} % standard library, in C
.. % not standard, in C
.. moduleauthor:: Casper Wilstrup <cwi@aves.dk>
.. moduleauthor:: Lars Immisch <lars@ibp.de>
.. % Author of the module code;
The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
.. function:: pcms(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK) ->list[str]
.. % ---- 3.1. ----
.. % For each function, use a ``funcdesc'' block. This has exactly two
.. % parameters (each parameters is contained in a set of curly braces):
.. % the first parameter is the function name (this automatically
.. % generates an index entry); the second parameter is the function's
.. % argument list. If there are no arguments, use an empty pair of
.. % curly braces. If there is more than one argument, separate the
.. % arguments with backslash-comma. Optional parts of the parameter
.. % list are contained in \optional{...} (this generates a set of square
.. % brackets around its parameter). Arguments are automatically set in
.. % italics in the parameter list. Each argument should be mentioned at
.. % least once in the description; each usage (even inside \code{...})
.. % should be enclosed in \var{...}.
.. function:: pcms([type=PCM_PLAYBACK])
List available PCM devices by name.
Arguments are:
* *pcmtype* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
(default).
* *type* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
(default).
**Note:**
@@ -34,19 +57,14 @@ The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
*New in 0.8*
.. function:: cards() -> list[str]
.. function:: cards()
List the available ALSA cards by name. This function is only moderately
useful. If you want to see a list of available PCM devices, use :func:`pcms`
instead.
..
Omitted by intention due to being superseded by cards():
.. function:: card_indexes()
.. function:: card_name()
.. function:: mixers(cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> list[str]
.. function:: mixers(cardindex=-1, device='default')
List the available mixers. The arguments are:
@@ -55,14 +73,12 @@ The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
the `device` keyword argument is ignored. ``0`` is the first hardware sound
card.
**Note:** This should not be used, as it bypasses most of ALSA's configuration.
* *device* - the name of the device on which the mixer resides. The default
is ``'default'``.
**Note:** For a list of available controls, you can also use ``amixer`` on
the commandline::
$ amixer
To elaborate the example, calling :func:`mixers` with the argument
@@ -76,16 +92,12 @@ The :mod:`alsaaudio` module defines functions and classes for using ALSA.
$ amixer -D foo
*Changed in 0.8*:
- The keyword argument `device` is new and can be used to
select virtual devices. As a result, the default behaviour has subtly
changed. Since 0.8, this functions returns the mixers for the default
device, not the mixers for the first card.
.. function:: asoundlib_version() -> str
Return a Python string containing the ALSA version found.
.. _pcm-objects:
@@ -96,27 +108,87 @@ PCM objects in :mod:`alsaaudio` can play or capture (record) PCM
sound through speakers or a microphone. The PCM constructor takes the
following arguments:
.. class:: PCM(type: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, mode: int = PCM_NORMAL, rate: int = 44100, channels: int = 2,
format: int = PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize: int = 32, periods: int = 4,
device: str = 'default', cardindex: int = -1) -> PCM
.. class:: PCM(type=PCM_PLAYBACK, mode=PCM_NORMAL, device='default', cardindex=-1)
This class is used to represent a PCM device (either for playback or
recording). The constructor's arguments are:
This class is used to represent a PCM device (either for playback and
recording). The arguments are:
* *type* - can be either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
(default).
(default).
* *mode* - can be either :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
(default).
* *rate* - the sampling rate in Hz. Typical values are ``8000`` (mainly used for telephony), ``16000``, ``44100`` (default), ``48000`` and ``96000``.
* *channels* - the number of channels. The default value is 2 (stereo).
* *format* - the data format. This controls how the PCM device interprets data for playback, and how data is encoded in captures.
The default value is :const:`PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE`.
(default).
* *device* - the name of the PCM device that should be used (for example
a value from the output of :func:`pcms`). The default value is
``'default'``.
* *cardindex* - the card index. If this argument is given, the device name
is constructed as 'hw:*cardindex*' and
the `device` keyword argument is ignored.
``0`` is the first hardware sound card.
This will construct a PCM object with these default settings:
* Sample format: :const:`PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE`
* Rate: 44100 Hz
* Channels: 2
* Period size: 32 frames
*Changed in 0.8:*
- The `card` keyword argument is still supported,
but deprecated. Please use `device` instead.
- The keyword argument `cardindex` was added.
The `card` keyword is deprecated because it guesses the real ALSA
name of the card. This was always fragile and broke some legitimate usecases.
PCM objects have the following methods:
.. method:: PCM.pcmtype()
Returns the type of PCM object. Either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or
:const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`.
.. method:: PCM.pcmmode()
Return the mode of the PCM object. One of :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`,
:const:`PCM_ASYNC`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
.. method:: PCM.cardname()
Return the name of the sound card used by this PCM object.
.. method:: PCM.setchannels(nchannels)
Used to set the number of capture or playback channels. Common
values are: ``1`` = mono, ``2`` = stereo, and ``6`` = full 6 channel audio.
Few sound cards support more than 2 channels
.. method:: PCM.setrate(rate)
Set the sample rate in Hz for the device. Typical values are ``8000``
(mainly used for telephony), ``16000``, ``44100`` (CD quality),
``48000`` and ``96000``.
.. method:: PCM.setformat(format)
The sound *format* of the device. Sound format controls how the PCM device
interpret data for playback, and how data is encoded in captures.
The following formats are provided by ALSA:
========================= ===============
Format Description
Format Description
========================= ===============
``PCM_FORMAT_S8`` Signed 8 bit samples for each channel
``PCM_FORMAT_U8`` Unsigned 8 bit samples for each channel
``PCM_FORMAT_U8`` Signed 8 bit samples for each channel
``PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE`` Signed 16 bit samples for each channel Little Endian byte order)
``PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE`` Signed 16 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order)
``PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE`` Unsigned 16 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order)
@@ -143,360 +215,72 @@ following arguments:
``PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE`` Unsigned 24 bit samples for each channel (Little Endian byte order in 3 bytes)
``PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE`` Unsigned 24 bit samples for each channel (Big Endian byte order in 3 bytes)
========================= ===============
* *periodsize* - the period size in frames.
Make sure you understand :ref:`the meaning of periods <term-period>`.
The default value is 32, which is below the actual minimum of most devices,
and will therefore likely be larger in practice.
* *periods* - the number of periods in the buffer. The default value is 4.
* *device* - the name of the PCM device that should be used (for example
a value from the output of :func:`pcms`). The default value is
``'default'``.
* *cardindex* - the card index. If this argument is given, the device name
is constructed as 'hw:*cardindex*' and
the `device` keyword argument is ignored.
``0`` is the first hardware sound card.
.. method:: PCM.setperiodsize(period)
**Note:** This should not be used, as it bypasses most of ALSA's configuration.
Sets the actual period size in frames. Each write should consist of
exactly this number of frames, and each read will return this
number of frames (unless the device is in :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, in
which case it may return nothing at all)
The defaults mentioned above are values passed by :mod:alsaaudio
to ALSA, not anything internal to ALSA.
**Note:** For default and non-default values alike, there is no
guarantee that a PCM device supports the requested configuration,
and ALSA may pick realizable values which it believes to be closest
to the request. Therefore, after creating a PCM object, it is
necessary to verify whether its realized configuration is acceptable.
The :func:info method can be used to query it.
*Changed in 0.10:*
- Added the optional named parameter `periods`.
*Changed in 0.9:*
- Added the optional named parameters `rate`, `channels`, `format` and `periodsize`.
*Changed in 0.8:*
- The `card` keyword argument is still supported,
but deprecated. Please use `device` instead.
- The keyword argument `cardindex` was added.
The `card` keyword is deprecated because it guesses the real ALSA
name of the card. This was always fragile and broke some legitimate usecases.
PCM objects have the following methods:
.. method:: PCM.info() -> dict
Returns a dictionary containing the configuration of a PCM device.
A small subset of properties reflects fixed parameters given by the
user, stored within alsaaudio. To distinguish them from properties
retrieved from ALSA when the call is made, they have their name
prefixed with **" (call value) "**.
Descriptions of properties which can be directly set during PCM object
instantiation carry the prefix "PCM():", followed by the respective
constructor parameter. Note that due to device limitations, the values
may deviate from those originally requested.
Yet another set of properties cannot be set, and derives directly from
the hardware, possibly depending on other properties. Those properties'
descriptions are prefixed with "hw:" below.
=========================== ==================================== ==================================================================
Key Description (Reference) Type
=========================== ==================================== ==================================================================
name PCM():device string
card_no *index of card* integer (negative indicates device not associable with a card)
device_no *index of PCM device* integer
subdevice_no *index of PCM subdevice* integer
state *name of PCM state* string
access_type *name of PCM access type* string
(call value) type PCM():type integer
(call value) type_name PCM():type string
(call value) mode PCM():mode integer
(call value) mode_name PCM():mode string
format PCM():format integer
format_name PCM():format string
format_description PCM():format string
subformat_name *name of PCM subformat* string
subformat_description *description of subformat* string
channels PCM():channels integer
rate PCM():rate integer (Hz)
period_time *period duration* integer (:math:`\mu s`)
period_size PCM():period_size integer (frames)
buffer_time *buffer time* integer (:math:`\mu s`) (negative indicates error)
buffer_size *buffer size* integer (frames) (negative indicates error)
get_periods *approx. periods in buffer* integer (negative indicates error)
rate_numden *numerator, denominator* tuple (integer (Hz), integer (Hz))
significant_bits *significant bits in sample* [#tss]_ integer (negative indicates error)
nominal_bits *nominal bits in sample* [#tss]_ integer (negative indicates error)
physical_bits *sample width in bits* [#tss]_ integer (negative indicates error)
is_batch *hw: double buffering* boolean (True: hardware supported)
is_block_transfer *hw: block transfer* boolean (True: hardware supported)
is_double *hw: double buffering* boolean (True: hardware supported)
is_half_duplex *hw: half-duplex* boolean (True: hardware supported)
is_joint_duplex *hw: joint-duplex* boolean (True: hardware supported)
can_overrange *hw: overrange detection* boolean (True: hardware supported)
can_mmap_sample_resolution *hw: sample-resol. mmap* boolean (True: hardware supported)
can_pause *hw: pause* boolean (True: hardware supported)
can_resume *hw: resume* boolean (True: hardware supported)
can_sync_start *hw: synchronized start* boolean (True: hardware supported)
=========================== ==================================== ==================================================================
.. [#tss] More information in the :ref:`terminology section for sample size <term-sample-size>`
..
The italicized descriptions give a summary of the "full" description
as can be found in the
`ALSA documentation <https://www.alsa-project.org/alsa-doc>`_.
*New in 0.9.1*
.. method:: PCM.dumpinfo()
Dumps the PCM object's configured parameters to stdout.
.. method:: PCM.pcmtype() -> int
Returns the type of PCM object. Either :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` or
:const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`.
.. method:: PCM.pcmmode() -> int
Return the mode of the PCM object. One of :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK`,
:const:`PCM_ASYNC`, or :const:`PCM_NORMAL`
.. method:: PCM.cardname() -> string
Return the name of the sound card used by this PCM object.
..
Omitted by intention due to not really fitting the c'tor-based setup concept:
.. method:: PCM.getchannels()
Returns list of the device's supported channel counts.
.. method:: PCM.getratebounds()
Returns the card's minimum and maximum supported sample rates as
a tuple of integers.
.. method:: PCM.getrates()
Returns the sample rates supported by the device.
The returned value can be of one of the following, depending on
the card's properties:
* Card supports only a single rate: returns the rate
* Card supports a continuous range of rates: returns a tuple of
the range's lower and upper bounds (inclusive)
* Card supports a collection of well-known rates: returns a list of
the supported rates
.. method:: PCM.getformats()
Returns a dictionary of supported format codes (integers) keyed by
their standard ALSA names (strings).
.. method:: PCM.setchannels(nchannels: int) -> int
.. deprecated:: 0.9 Use the `channels` named argument to :func:`PCM`.
.. method:: PCM.setrate(rate: int) -> int
.. deprecated:: 0.9 Use the `rate` named argument to :func:`PCM`.
.. method:: PCM.setformat(format: int) -> int
.. deprecated:: 0.9 Use the `format` named argument to :func:`PCM`.
.. method:: PCM.setperiodsize(period: int) -> int
.. deprecated:: 0.9 Use the `periodsize` named argument to :func:`PCM`.
.. method:: PCM.state() -> int
Returs the current state of the stream, which can be one of
:const:`PCM_STATE_OPEN` (this should not actually happen),
:const:`PCM_STATE_SETUP` (after :func:`drop` or :func:`drain`),
:const:`PCM_STATE_PREPARED` (after construction),
:const:`PCM_STATE_RUNNING`,
:const:`PCM_STATE_XRUN`,
:const:`PCM_STATE_DRAINING`,
:const:`PCM_STATE_PAUSED`,
:const:`PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED`, and
:const:`PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED`.
*New in 0.10*
.. method:: PCM.avail() -> int
For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects, returns the number of writable
(that is, free) frames in the buffer.
For :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` PCM objects, returns the number of readable
(that is, filled) frames in the buffer.
An attempt to read/write more frames than indicated will block (in
:const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode) or fail and return zero (in
:const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode).
*New in 0.11*
.. method:: PCM.read() -> tuple[int, bytes]
.. method:: PCM.read()
In :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode, this function blocks until a full period is
available, and then returns a tuple (length,data) where *length* is
the number of frames of captured data, and *data* is the captured
sound frames as a string. The length of the returned data will be
sound frames as a string. The length of the returned data will be
periodsize\*framesize bytes.
In :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, the call will not block, but will return
``(0,'')`` if no new period has become available since the last
call to read.
In case of a buffer overrun, this function will return the negative
size :const:`-EPIPE`, and no data is read.
This indicates that data was lost. To resume capturing, just call read
again, but note that the stream was already corrupted.
To avoid the problem in the future, try using a larger period size
and/or more periods, at the cost of higher latency.
In case of an overrun, this function will return a negative size: :const:`-EPIPE`.
This indicates that data was lost, even if the operation itself succeeded.
Try using a larger periodsize.
.. method:: PCM.write(data: bytes) -> int
.. method:: PCM.write(data)
Writes (plays) the sound in data. The length of data *must* be a
multiple of the frame size, and *should* be exactly the size of a
period. If less than 'period size' frames are provided, the actual
playout will not happen until more data is written.
If the data was successfully written, the call returns the size of the
data *in frames*.
If the device is not in :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, this call will block
if the kernel buffer is full, and until enough sound has been played
to allow the sound data to be buffered.
If the device is not in :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, this call will block if
the kernel buffer is full, and until enough sound has been played
to allow the sound data to be buffered. The call always returns the
size of the data provided.
In :const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode, the call will return immediately, with a
return value of zero, if the buffer is full. In this case, the data
should be written again at a later time.
should be written at a later time.
In case of a buffer underrun, this function will return the negative
size :const:`-EPIPE`, and no data is written.
At this point, the playback was already corrupted. If you want to play
the data nonetheless, call write again with the same data.
To avoid the problem in the future, try using a larger period size
and/or more periods, at the cost of higher latency.
Note that this call completing means only that the samples were buffered
in the kernel, and playout will continue afterwards. Make sure that the
stream is drained before discarding the PCM handle.
.. method:: PCM.pause([enable: int = True]) -> int
.. method:: PCM.pause([enable=True])
If *enable* is :const:`True`, playback or capture is paused.
Otherwise, playback/capture is resumed.
.. method:: PCM.drop() -> int
Stop the stream and drop residual buffered frames.
.. method:: PCM.polldescriptors()
*New in 0.9*
Returns a tuple of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be used to
wait for changes on the mixer with *select.poll*.
.. method:: PCM.drain() -> int
For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects, play residual buffered frames
and then stop the stream. In :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode,
this function blocks until all pending playback is drained.
For :const:`PCM_CAPTURE` PCM objects, this function is not very useful.
*New in 0.10*
.. method:: PCM.close() -> None
Closes the PCM device.
For :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` PCM objects in :const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode,
this function blocks until all pending playback is drained.
.. method:: PCM.polldescriptors() -> list[tuple[int, int]]
Returns a list of tuples of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be
used to wait for changes on the PCM with *select.poll*.
The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python
The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python
:const:`select` module.
.. method:: PCM.polldescriptors_revents(descriptors: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> int
Processes the descriptor list returned by :func:`polldescriptors` after
using it with *select.poll*, and returns a single *eventmask* value that
is meaningful for deciding whether :func:`read` or :func:`write` should
be called.
*New in 0.11*
.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_mode([mode: int = PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE])
Set the ALSA timestamp mode on the device. The mode argument can be set to
either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_NONE` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE`.
.. method:: PCM.get_tstamp_mode() -> int
Return the integer value corresponding to the ALSA timestamp mode. The
return value can be either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_NONE` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE`.
.. method:: PCM.set_tstamp_type([type: int = PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY]) -> None
Set the ALSA timestamp mode on the device. The type argument
can be set to either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY`,
:const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC_RAW`.
.. method:: PCM.get_tstamp_type() -> int
Return the integer value corresponding to the ALSA timestamp type. The
return value can be either :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY`,
:const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC` or :const:`PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC_RAW`.
.. method:: PCM.htimestamp() -> tuple[int, int, int]
Return a Python tuple *(seconds, nanoseconds, frames_available_in_buffer)*.
The type of output is controlled by the tstamp_type, as described in the table below.
================================= ===========================================
Timestamp Type Description
================================= ===========================================
``PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY`` System-wide realtime clock with seconds
since epoch.
``PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC`` Monotonic time from an unspecified starting
time. Progress is NTP synchronized.
``PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC_RAW`` Monotonic time from an unspecified starting
time using only the system clock.
================================= ===========================================
The timestamp mode is controlled by the tstamp_mode, as described in the table below.
================================= ===========================================
Timestamp Mode Description
================================= ===========================================
``PCM_TSTAMP_NONE`` No timestamp.
``PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE`` Update timestamp at every hardware position
update.
================================= ===========================================
__ poll_objects_
**A few hints on using PCM devices for playback**
The most common reason for problems with playback of PCM audio is that writes
The most common reason for problems with playback of PCM audio is that writes
to PCM devices must *exactly* match the data rate of the device.
If too little data is written to the device, it will underrun, and
ugly clicking sounds will occur. Conversely, if too much data is
ugly clicking sounds will occur. Conversely, of too much data is
written to the device, the write function will either block
(:const:`PCM_NORMAL` mode) or return zero (:const:`PCM_NONBLOCK` mode).
@@ -525,12 +309,13 @@ Mixer Objects
Mixer objects provides access to the ALSA mixer API.
.. class:: Mixer(control: str = 'Master', id: int = 0, cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> Mixer
.. class:: Mixer(control='Master', id=0, cardindex=-1, device='default')
Arguments are:
* *control* - specifies which control to manipulate using this mixer
object. The list of available controls can be found with the
object. The list of available controls can be found with the
:mod:`alsaaudio`.\ :func:`mixers` function. The default value is
``'Master'`` - other common controls may be ``'Master Mono'``, ``'PCM'``,
``'Line'``, etc.
@@ -540,32 +325,35 @@ Mixer objects provides access to the ALSA mixer API.
* *cardindex* - specifies which card should be used. If this argument
is given, the device name is constructed like this: 'hw:*cardindex*' and
the `device` keyword argument is ignored. ``0`` is the
first sound card.
first sound card.
* *device* - the name of the device on which the mixer resides. The default
value is ``'default'``.
*Changed in 0.8*:
- The keyword argument `device` is new and can be used to select virtual
devices.
Mixer objects have the following methods:
.. method:: Mixer.cardname() -> str
.. method:: Mixer.cardname()
Return the name of the sound card used by this Mixer object
.. method:: Mixer.mixer() -> str
.. method:: Mixer.mixer()
Return the name of the specific mixer controlled by this object, For example
``'Master'`` or ``'PCM'``
.. method:: Mixer.mixerid() -> int
.. method:: Mixer.mixerid()
Return the ID of the ALSA mixer controlled by this object.
.. method:: Mixer.switchcap() -> int
.. method:: Mixer.switchcap()
Returns a list of the switches which are defined by this specific mixer.
Possible values in this list are:
@@ -577,7 +365,7 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
'Joined Mute' This mixer can mute all channels at the same time
'Playback Mute' This mixer can mute the playback output
'Joined Playback Mute' Mute playback for all channels at the same time}
'Capture Mute' Mute sound capture
'Capture Mute' Mute sound capture
'Joined Capture Mute' Mute sound capture for all channels at a time}
'Capture Exclusive' Not quite sure what this is
====================== ================
@@ -585,7 +373,8 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
To manipulate these switches use the :meth:`setrec` or
:meth:`setmute` methods
.. method:: Mixer.volumecap() -> int
.. method:: Mixer.volumecap()
Returns a list of the volume control capabilities of this
mixer. Possible values in the list are:
@@ -600,8 +389,8 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
'Capture Volume' Manipulate sound capture volume
'Joined Capture Volume' Manipulate sound capture volume for all channels at a time
======================== ================
.. method:: Mixer.getenum() -> tuple[str, list[str]]
.. method:: Mixer.getenum()
For enumerated controls, return the currently selected item and the list of
items available.
@@ -627,64 +416,63 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
This method will return an empty tuple if the mixer is not an enumerated
control.
.. method:: Mixer.setenum(index: int) -> None
For enumerated controls, sets the currently selected item.
*index* is an index into the list of available enumerated items returned
by :func:`getenum`.
.. method:: Mixer.getmute()
.. method:: Mixer.getrange(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]
Return a list indicating the current mute setting for each
channel. 0 means not muted, 1 means muted.
This method will fail if the mixer has no playback switch capabilities.
.. method:: Mixer.getrange([direction])
Return the volume range of the ALSA mixer controlled by this object.
The value is a tuple of integers whose meaning is determined by the
*units* argument.
The optional *pcmtype* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
The optional *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
:const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
playback and capture volume. The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
The optional *units* argument can be one of :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE`,
:const:`VOLUME_UNITS_RAW`, or :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_DB`.
.. method:: Mixer.getvolume(pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int
.. method:: Mixer.getrec()
Return a list indicating the current record mute setting for each channel. 0
means not recording, 1 means recording.
This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
.. method:: Mixer.getvolume(direction=PCM_PLAYBACK, unit=Percent)
Returns a list with the current volume settings for each channel. The list
elements are integers whose meaning is determined by the *units* argument.
elements are percentages or dB values, depending on *unit*.
The optional *pcmtype* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
The *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
:const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
playback and capture volume. The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
The optional *units* argument can be one of :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE`,
:const:`VOLUME_UNITS_RAW`, or :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_DB`.
.. method:: Mixer.setvolume(volume: int, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
.. method:: Mixer.setvolume(volume, channel=MIXER_CHANNEL_ALL, direction=PCM_PLAYBACK, unit=Percent)
Change the current volume settings for this mixer. The *volume* argument
is an integer whose meaning is determined by the *units* argument.
controls the new volume setting as either a percentage or a dB value. Both
integer and floating point values can be given.
If the optional argument *channel* is present, the volume is set
only for this channel. This assumes that the mixer can control the
volume for the channels independently.
The *channel* argument can be used to restrict the channels for which the volume is
set. By default, the volume of all channels is adjusted. This assumes that the mixer
can control the volume for the channels independently.
The optional *pcmtype* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
The *direction* argument can be either :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK` or
:const:`PCM_CAPTURE`, which is relevant if the mixer can control both
playback and capture volume. The default value is :const:`PCM_PLAYBACK`
if the mixer has playback channels, otherwise it is :const:`PCM_CAPTURE`.
The optional *units* argument can be one of :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE`,
:const:`VOLUME_UNITS_RAW`, or :const:`VOLUME_UNITS_DB`.
.. method:: Mixer.getmute() -> list[int]
Return a list indicating the current mute setting for each channel.
0 means not muted, 1 means muted.
This method will fail if the mixer has no playback switch capabilities.
.. method:: Mixer.setmute(mute: bool, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
The *unit* argument determines how the volume value is interpreted, as a prcentage
or as a dB value.
.. method:: Mixer.setmute(mute, [channel])
Sets the mute flag to a new value. The *mute* argument is either 0 for not
muted, or 1 for muted.
@@ -694,14 +482,8 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
This method will fail if the mixer has no playback mute capabilities
.. method:: Mixer.getrec() -> list[int]
Return a list indicating the current record mute setting for each channel.
0 means not recording, 1 means recording.
This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
.. method:: Mixer.setrec(capture: int, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None
.. method:: Mixer.setrec(capture, [channel])
Sets the capture mute flag to a new value. The *capture* argument
is either 0 for no capture, or 1 for capture.
@@ -711,24 +493,22 @@ Mixer objects have the following methods:
This method will fail if the mixer has no capture switch capabilities.
.. method:: Mixer.polldescriptors() -> list[tuple[int, int]]
.. method:: Mixer.polldescriptors()
Returns a list of tuples of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be
used to wait for changes on the mixer with *select.poll*.
Returns a tuple of *(file descriptor, eventmask)* that can be used to
wait for changes on the mixer with *select.poll*.
The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python
The *eventmask* value is compatible with `poll.register`__ in the Python
:const:`select` module.
.. method:: Mixer.handleevents() -> int
__ poll_objects_
Acknowledge events on the :func:`polldescriptors` file descriptors
.. method:: Mixer.handleevents()
Acknowledge events on the *polldescriptors* file descriptors
to prevent subsequent polls from returning the same events again.
Returns the number of events that were acknowledged.
.. method:: Mixer.close() -> None
Closes the Mixer device.
**A rant on the ALSA Mixer API**
The ALSA mixer API is extremely complicated - and hardly documented at all.
@@ -751,6 +531,8 @@ Unfortunately, I'm not able to create such a HOWTO myself, since I only
understand half of the API, and that which I do understand has come from a
painful trial and error process.
.. % ==== 4. ====
.. _pcm-example:
@@ -764,7 +546,7 @@ The following example are provided:
* `playbacktest.py`
* `mixertest.py`
All examples (except `mixertest.py`) accept the commandline option
All examples (except `mixertest.py`) accept the commandline option
*-c <cardname>*.
To determine a valid card name, use the commandline ALSA player::
@@ -779,12 +561,12 @@ or::
>>> alsaaudio.pcms()
mixertest.py accepts the commandline options *-d <device>* and
*-c <cardindex>*.
*-c <cardindex>*.
playwav.py
~~~~~~~~~~
**playwav.py** plays a wav file.
**playwav.py** plays a wav file.
To test PCM playback (on your default soundcard), run::
@@ -792,7 +574,6 @@ To test PCM playback (on your default soundcard), run::
recordtest.py and playbacktest.py
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
**recordtest.py** and **playbacktest.py** will record and play a raw
sound file in CD quality.
@@ -814,7 +595,7 @@ Without arguments, **mixertest.py** will list all available *controls* on the
default soundcard.
The output might look like this::
$ ./mixertest.py
Available mixer controls:
'Master'
@@ -832,7 +613,7 @@ The output might look like this::
'Mix'
'Mix Mono'
With a single argument - the *control*, it will display the settings of
With a single argument - the *control*, it will display the settings of
that control; for example::
$ ./mixertest.py Master
@@ -841,7 +622,7 @@ that control; for example::
Channel 0 volume: 61%
Channel 1 volume: 61%
With two arguments, the *control* and a *parameter*, it will set the
With two arguments, the *control* and a *parameter*, it will set the
parameter on the mixer::
$ ./mixertest.py Master mute
@@ -862,3 +643,9 @@ argument::
Capabilities: Playback Volume Playback Mute
Channel 0 volume: 61%
Channel 1 volume: 61%
.. rubric:: Footnotes
.. [#f1] ALSA also allows ``PCM_ASYNC``, but this is not supported yet.
.. _poll_objects: http://docs.python.org/library/select.html#poll-objects

View File

@@ -7,19 +7,33 @@ Introduction
.. |release| replace:: version
.. % At minimum, give your name and an email address. You can include a
.. % snail-mail address if you like.
.. % This makes the Abstract go on a separate page in the HTML version;
.. % if a copyright notice is used, it should go immediately after this.
.. %
.. _front:
This software is licensed under the PSF license - the same one used by the
majority of the python distribution. Basically you can use it for anything you
wish (even commercial purposes). There is no warranty whatsoever.
.. % Copyright statement should go here, if needed.
.. % The abstract should be a paragraph or two long, and describe the
.. % scope of the document.
.. topic:: Abstract
This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python. It is
currently fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access. MIDI sequencer
support is low on our priority list, but volunteers are welcome.
If you find bugs in the wrappers please use the github issue tracker.
If you find bugs in the wrappers please use thegithub issue tracker.
Please don't send bug reports regarding ALSA specifically. There are several
bugs in this API, and those should be reported to the ALSA team - not me.
@@ -50,8 +64,8 @@ More information about ALSA may be found on the project homepage
ALSA and Python
===============
The older Linux sound API (OSS) -- which is now deprecated -- is well supported
by the standard Python library, through the ossaudiodev module. No native ALSA
The older Linux sound API (OSS) which is now deprecated is well supported from
the standard Python library, through the ossaudiodev module. No native ALSA
support exists in the standard library.
There are a few other "ALSA for Python" projects available, including at least
@@ -61,7 +75,7 @@ development at the time - and neither are very feature complete.
I wrote PyAlsaAudio to fill this gap. My long term goal is to have the module
included in the standard Python library, but that looks currently unlikely.
PyAlsaAudio has full support for sound capture, playback of sound, as well as
PyAlsaAudio hass full support for sound capture, playback of sound, as well as
the ALSA Mixer API.
MIDI support is not available, and since I don't own any MIDI hardware, it's
@@ -81,13 +95,16 @@ and need the ALSA headers for compilation. Verify that you have
Naturally you also need to use a kernel with proper ALSA support. This is the
default in Linux kernel 2.6 and later. If you are using kernel version 2.4 you
may need to install the ALSA patches yourself - although most distributions
may need to install the ALSA patches yourself - although most distributions
ship with ALSA kernels.
To install, execute the following: --- ::
$ pip install .
$ python setup.py build
And then as root: --- ::
# python setup.py install
*******
Testing
@@ -113,7 +130,7 @@ with ``Ctl-C``.
Play back the recording with::
$ python playbacktest.py -d <device> <filename>
$ python playbacktest.py-d <device> <filename>
There is a minimal test suite in :code:`test.py`, but it is
a bit dependent on the ALSA configuration and may fail without indicating

View File

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ In order to use PCM devices it is useful to be familiar with some concepts and
terminology.
Sample
PCM audio, whether it is input or output, consists of *samples*.
PCM audio, whether it is input or output, consists of *samples*.
A single sample represents the amplitude of one channel of sound
at a certain point in time. A lot of individual samples are
necessary to represent actual sound; for CD audio, 44100 samples
@@ -19,26 +19,26 @@ Sample
Musically, the sample size determines the dynamic range. The
dynamic range is the difference between the quietest and the
loudest signal that can be reproduced.
loudest signal that can be resproduced.
Frame
A frame consists of exactly one sample per channel. If there is only one
channel (Mono sound) a frame is simply a single sample. If the sound is
A frame consists of exactly one sample per channel. If there is only one
channel (Mono sound) a frame is simply a single sample. If the sound is
stereo, each frame consists of two samples, etc.
Frame size
This is the size in bytes of each frame. This can vary a lot: if each sample
is 8 bits, and we're handling mono sound, the frame size is one byte.
For six channel audio with 64 bit floating point samples, the frame size
is 48 bytes.
is 8 bits, and we're handling mono sound, the frame size is one byte.
Similarly in 6 channel audio with 64 bit floating point samples, the frame
size is 48 bytes
Rate
PCM sound consists of a flow of sound frames. The sound rate controls how
PCM sound consists of a flow of sound frames. The sound rate controls how
often the current frame is replaced. For example, a rate of 8000 Hz
means that a new frame is played or captured 8000 times per second.
Data rate
This is the number of bytes which must be consumed or provided per
This is the number of bytes, which must be recorded or provided per
second at a certain frame size and rate.
8000 Hz mono sound with 8 bit (1 byte) samples has a data rate of
@@ -46,60 +46,29 @@ Data rate
At the other end of the scale, 96000 Hz, 6 channel sound with 64
bit (8 bytes) samples has a data rate of 96000 \* 6 \* 8 = 4608
kb/s (almost 5 MB sound data per second).
If the data rate requirement is not met, an overrun (on capture) or
underrun (on playback) occurs; the term "xrun" is used to refer to
either event.
.. _term-period:
kb/s (almost 5 MB sound data per second)
Period
The CPU processes sample data in chunks of frames, so-called periods
(also called fragments by some systems). The operating system kernel's
sample buffer must hold at least two periods (at any given time, one
is processed by the sound hardware, and one by the CPU).
The completion of a *period* triggers a CPU interrupt, which causes
processing and context switching overhead. Therefore, a smaller period
size causes higher CPU resource usage at a given data rate.
A bigger size of the *buffer* improves the system's resilience to xruns.
The buffer being split into a bigger number of smaller periods also does
that, as it allows it to be drained / topped up sooner.
On the other hand, a bigger size of the *buffer* also increases the
playback latency, that is, the time it takes for a frame from being
sent out by the application to being actually audible.
Similarly, a bigger *period* size increases the capture latency.
The trade-off between latency, xrun resilience, and resource usage
must be made depending on the application.
When the hardware processes data this is done in chunks of frames. The time
interval between each processing (A/D or D/A conversion) is known
as the period.
The size of the period has direct implication on the latency of the
sound input or output. For low-latency the period size should be
very small, while low CPU resource usage would usually demand
larger period sizes. With ALSA, the CPU utilization is not impacted
much by the period size, since the kernel layer buffers multiple
periods internally, so each period generates an interrupt and a
memory copy, but userspace can be slower and read or write multiple
periods at the same time.
Period size
This is the size of each period in frames. *Not bytes, but frames!*
In :mod:`alsaaudio` the period size is set directly, and it is
This is the size of each period in Hz. *Not bytes, but Hz!.* In
:mod:`alsaaudio` the period size is set directly, and it is
therefore important to understand the significance of this
number. If the period size is configured to for example 32,
each write should contain exactly 32 frames of sound data, and each
read will return either 32 frames of data or nothing at all.
.. _term-sample-size:
Sample size
Each sample takes *physical_bits* of space. *nominal_bits* tells
how many least significant bits are used. This is the bit depth
in the format name and sometimes called just *sample bits* or
*format width*. *significant_bits* tells how many most significant
bits of the *nominal_bits* are used by the sample. This can be thought
of as the *sample resolution*. This is visualized as follows::
MSB |00000000 XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX 00000000| LSB
|--significant--|
|---------nominal---------|
|-------------physical--------------|
Once you understand these concepts, you will be ready to use the PCM API. Read
on.

View File

@@ -1,403 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
import sys
import select
import logging
import re
import struct
import subprocess
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from alsaaudio import (PCM, pcms, PCM_PLAYBACK, PCM_CAPTURE, PCM_NONBLOCK, Mixer,
PCM_STATE_OPEN, PCM_STATE_SETUP, PCM_STATE_PREPARED, PCM_STATE_RUNNING, PCM_STATE_XRUN, PCM_STATE_DRAINING,
PCM_STATE_PAUSED, PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED, ALSAAudioError)
from argparse import ArgumentParser
poll_names = {
select.POLLIN: 'POLLIN',
select.POLLPRI: 'POLLPRI',
select.POLLOUT: 'POLLOUT',
select.POLLERR: 'POLLERR',
select.POLLHUP: 'POLLHUP',
select.POLLRDHUP: 'POLLRDHUP',
select.POLLNVAL: 'POLLNVAL'
}
state_names = {
PCM_STATE_OPEN: 'PCM_STATE_OPEN',
PCM_STATE_SETUP: 'PCM_STATE_SETUP',
PCM_STATE_PREPARED: 'PCM_STATE_PREPARED',
PCM_STATE_RUNNING: 'PCM_STATE_RUNNING',
PCM_STATE_XRUN: 'PCM_STATE_XRUN',
PCM_STATE_DRAINING: 'PCM_STATE_DRAINING',
PCM_STATE_PAUSED: 'PCM_STATE_PAUSED',
PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED: 'PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED'
}
def poll_desc(mask):
return '|'.join([poll_names[bit] for bit, name in poll_names.items() if mask & bit])
class PollDescriptor(object):
'''File Descriptor, event mask and a name for logging'''
def __init__(self, name, fd, mask):
self.name = name
self.fd = fd
self.mask = mask
def as_tuple(self):
return (self.fd, self.mask)
@classmethod
def from_alsa_object(cls, name, alsaobject, mask=None):
# TODO maybe refactor: we ignore objects that have more then one polldescriptor
fd, alsamask = alsaobject.polldescriptors()[0]
if mask is None:
mask = alsamask
return cls(name, fd, mask)
class Loopback(object):
'''Loopback state and event handling'''
def __init__(self, capture, playback_args, volume_handler, run_after_stop=None, run_before_start=None):
self.playback_args = playback_args
self.playback = None
self.volume_handler = volume_handler
self.capture_started = None
self.last_capture_event = None
self.capture = capture
self.capture_pd = PollDescriptor.from_alsa_object('capture', capture)
self.run_after_stop = None
if run_after_stop:
self.run_after_stop = run_after_stop.split(' ')
self.run_before_start = None
if run_before_start:
self.run_before_start = run_before_start.split(' ')
self.run_after_stop_did_run = False
self.waitBeforeOpen = False
self.queue = []
self.period_size = 0
self.silent_periods = 0
@staticmethod
def compute_energy(data):
values = struct.unpack(f'{len(data)//2}h', data)
e = 0
for v in values:
e = e + v * v
return e
@staticmethod
def run_command(cmd):
if cmd:
rc = subprocess.run(cmd)
if rc.returncode:
logging.warning(f'run {cmd}, return code {rc.returncode}')
else:
logging.info(f'run {cmd}, return code {rc.returncode}')
def register(self, reactor):
reactor.register_timeout_handler(self.timeout_handler)
reactor.register(self.capture_pd, self)
def start(self):
# start reading data
size, data = self.capture.read()
if size:
self.queue.append(data)
def timeout_handler(self):
if self.playback and self.capture_started:
if self.last_capture_event:
if datetime.now() - self.last_capture_event > timedelta(seconds=2):
logging.info('timeout - closing playback device')
self.playback.close()
self.playback = None
self.capture_started = None
if self.volume_handler:
self.volume_handler.stop()
self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
return
self.waitBeforeOpen = False
if not self.run_after_stop_did_run and not self.playback:
if self.volume_handler:
self.volume_handler.stop()
self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
self.run_after_stop_did_run = True
def pop(self):
if len(self.queue):
return self.queue.pop()
else:
return None
def handle_capture_event(self, eventmask, name):
'''called when data is available for reading'''
self.last_capture_event = datetime.now()
size, data = self.capture.read()
if not size:
logging.warning(f'capture event but no data')
return False
energy = self.compute_energy(data)
logging.debug(f'energy: {energy}')
# the usecase is a USB capture device where we get perfect silence when it's idle
if energy == 0:
self.silent_periods = self.silent_periods + 1
# turn off playback after two seconds of silence
# 2 channels * 2 seconds * 2 bytes per sample
fps = self.playback_args['rate'] * 8 // (self.playback_args['periodsize'] * self.playback_args['periods'])
logging.debug(f'{self.silent_periods} of {fps} silent periods: {self.playback}')
if self.silent_periods > fps and self.playback:
logging.info(f'closing playback due to silence')
self.playback.close()
self.playback = None
if self.volume_handler:
self.volume_handler.stop()
self.run_command(self.run_after_stop)
self.run_after_stop_did_run = True
if not self.playback:
return
else:
self.silent_periods = 0
if not self.playback:
if self.waitBeforeOpen:
return False
try:
if self.volume_handler:
self.volume_handler.start()
self.run_command(self.run_before_start)
self.playback = PCM(**self.playback_args)
self.period_size = self.playback.info()['period_size']
logging.info(f'opened playback device with period_size {self.period_size}')
except ALSAAudioError as e:
logging.info('opening PCM playback device failed: %s', e)
self.waitBeforeOpen = True
return False
self.capture_started = datetime.now()
logging.info(f'{self.playback} capture started: {self.capture_started}')
self.queue.append(data)
if len(self.queue) <= 2:
logging.info(f'buffering: {len(self.queue)}')
return False
try:
data = self.pop()
if data:
space = self.playback.avail()
written = self.playback.write(data)
logging.debug(f'wrote {written} bytes while space was {space}')
except ALSAAudioError:
logging.error('underrun', exc_info=1)
return True
def __call__(self, fd, eventmask, name):
if fd == self.capture_pd.fd:
real_mask = self.capture.polldescriptors_revents([self.capture_pd.as_tuple()])
if real_mask:
return self.handle_capture_event(real_mask, name)
else:
logging.debug('null capture event')
return False
else:
real_mask = self.playback.polldescriptors_revents([self.playback_pd.as_tuple()])
if real_mask:
return self.handle_playback_event(real_mask, name)
else:
logging.debug('null playback event')
return False
class VolumeForwarder(object):
'''Volume control event handling'''
def __init__(self, capture_control, playback_control):
self.playback_control = playback_control
self.capture_control = capture_control
self.active = True
self.volume = None
def start(self):
self.active = True
if self.volume:
self.volume = playback_control.setvolume(self.volume)
def stop(self):
self.active = False
self.volume = self.playback_control.getvolume(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)[0]
def __call__(self, fd, eventmask, name):
if not self.active:
return
volume = self.capture_control.getvolume(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)
# indicate that we've handled the event
self.capture_control.handleevents()
logging.info(f'{name} adjusting volume to {volume}')
if volume:
self.playback_control.setvolume(volume[0])
class Reactor(object):
'''A wrapper around select.poll'''
def __init__(self):
self.poll = select.poll()
self.descriptors = {}
self.timeout_handlers = set()
def register(self, polldescriptor, callable):
logging.debug(f'registered {polldescriptor.name}: {poll_desc(polldescriptor.mask)}')
self.descriptors[polldescriptor.fd] = (polldescriptor, callable)
self.poll.register(polldescriptor.fd, polldescriptor.mask)
def unregister(self, polldescriptor):
self.poll.unregister(polldescriptor.fd)
del self.descriptors[polldescriptor.fd]
def register_timeout_handler(self, callable):
self.timeout_handlers.add(callable)
def unregister_timeout_handler(self, callable):
self.timeout_handlers.remove(callable)
def run(self):
last_timeout_ev = datetime.now()
while True:
# poll for a bit, then send a timeout to registered handlers
events = self.poll.poll(0.25)
for fd, ev in events:
polldescriptor, handler = self.descriptors[fd]
# very chatty - log all events
# logging.debug(f'{polldescriptor.name}: {poll_desc(ev)} ({ev})')
handler(fd, ev, polldescriptor.name)
if datetime.now() - last_timeout_ev > timedelta(seconds=0.25):
for t in self.timeout_handlers:
t()
last_timeout_ev = datetime.now()
if __name__ == '__main__':
logging.basicConfig(format='%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(message)s', level=logging.INFO)
parser = ArgumentParser(description='ALSA loopback (with volume forwarding)')
playback_pcms = pcms(pcmtype=PCM_PLAYBACK)
capture_pcms = pcms(pcmtype=PCM_CAPTURE)
if not playback_pcms:
logging.error('no playback PCM found')
sys.exit(2)
if not capture_pcms:
logging.error('no capture PCM found')
sys.exit(2)
parser.add_argument('-d', '--debug', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('-i', '--input', default=capture_pcms[0])
parser.add_argument('-o', '--output', default=playback_pcms[0])
parser.add_argument('-r', '--rate', type=int, default=44100)
parser.add_argument('-c', '--channels', type=int, default=2)
parser.add_argument('-p', '--periodsize', type=int, default=444) # must be divisible by 6 for 44k1
parser.add_argument('-P', '--periods', type=int, default=2)
parser.add_argument('-I', '--input-mixer', help='Control of the input mixer, can contain the card index, e.g. Digital:2')
parser.add_argument('-O', '--output-mixer', help='Control of the output mixer, can contain the card index, e.g. PCM:1')
parser.add_argument('-A', '--run-after-stop', help='command to run when the capture device is idle/silent')
parser.add_argument('-B', '--run-before-start', help='command to run when the capture device becomes active')
parser.add_argument('-V', '--volume', help='Initial volume (default is leave unchanged)')
args = parser.parse_args()
if args.debug:
logging.getLogger().setLevel(logging.DEBUG)
playback_args = {
'type': PCM_PLAYBACK,
'mode': PCM_NONBLOCK,
'device': args.output,
'rate': args.rate,
'channels': args.channels,
'periodsize': args.periodsize,
'periods': args.periods
}
reactor = Reactor()
# If args.input_mixer and args.output_mixer are set, forward the capture volume to the playback volume.
# The usecase is a capture device that is implemented using g_audio, i.e. the Linux USB gadget driver.
# When a USB device (eg. an iPad) is connected to this machine, its volume events will go to the volume control
# of the output device
capture = None
playback = None
volume_handler = None
if args.input_mixer and args.output_mixer:
re_mixer = re.compile(r'([a-zA-Z0-9]+):?([0-9+])?')
input_mixer_card = None
m = re_mixer.match(args.input_mixer)
if m:
input_mixer = m.group(1)
if m.group(2):
input_mixer_card = int(m.group(2))
else:
parser.print_usage()
sys.exit(1)
output_mixer_card = None
m = re_mixer.match(args.output_mixer)
if m:
output_mixer = m.group(1)
if m.group(2):
output_mixer_card = int(m.group(2))
else:
parser.print_usage()
sys.exit(1)
if input_mixer_card is None:
capture = PCM(type=PCM_CAPTURE, mode=PCM_NONBLOCK, device=args.input, rate=args.rate,
channels=args.channels, periodsize=args.periodsize, periods=args.periods)
input_mixer_card = capture.info()['card_no']
if output_mixer_card is None:
playback = PCM(**playback_args)
output_mixer_card = playback.info()['card_no']
playback.close()
playback_control = Mixer(control=output_mixer, cardindex=int(output_mixer_card))
capture_control = Mixer(control=input_mixer, cardindex=int(input_mixer_card))
volume_handler = VolumeForwarder(capture_control, playback_control)
reactor.register(PollDescriptor.from_alsa_object('capture_control', capture_control, select.POLLIN), volume_handler)
if args.volume and playback_control:
playback_control.setvolume(int(args.volume))
loopback = Loopback(capture, playback_args, volume_handler, args.run_after_stop, args.run_before_start)
loopback.register(reactor)
loopback.start()
reactor.run()

View File

@@ -1,64 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
# Simple test script that plays (some) wav files
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import wave
import getopt
import alsaaudio
def play(device, f):
format = None
# 8bit is unsigned in wav files
if f.getsampwidth() == 1:
format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_U8
# Otherwise we assume signed data, little endian
elif f.getsampwidth() == 2:
format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
elif f.getsampwidth() == 3:
format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE
elif f.getsampwidth() == 4:
format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupported format')
periodsize = f.getframerate() // 8
print('%d channels, %d sampling rate, format %d, periodsize %d\n' % (f.getnchannels(),
f.getframerate(),
format,
periodsize))
device = alsaaudio.PCM(channels=f.getnchannels(), rate=f.getframerate(), format=format, periodsize=periodsize, device=device)
data = f.readframes(periodsize)
while data:
# Read data from stdin
if device.write(data) < 0:
print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
data = f.readframes(periodsize)
def usage():
print('usage: playwav.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
device = 'default'
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-d':
device = a
if not args:
usage()
with wave.open(args[0], 'rb') as f:
play(device, f)

View File

@@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
## recordtest.py
##
## This is an example of a simple sound capture script.
##
## The script opens an ALSA pcm device for sound capture, sets
## various attributes of the capture, and reads in a loop,
## writing the data to standard out.
##
## To test it out do the following:
## python recordtest.py out.raw # talk to the microphone
## aplay -r 8000 -f S16_LE -c 1 out.raw
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import time
import getopt
import alsaaudio
def usage():
print('usage: recordtest.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
device = 'default'
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-d':
device = a
if not args:
usage()
f = open(args[0], 'wb')
# Open the device in nonblocking capture mode in mono, with a sampling rate of 44100 Hz
# and 16 bit little endian samples
# The period size controls the internal number of frames per period.
# The significance of this parameter is documented in the ALSA api.
# For our purposes, it is suficcient to know that reads from the device
# will return this many frames. Each frame being 2 bytes long.
# This means that the reads below will return either 320 bytes of data
# or 0 bytes of data. The latter is possible because we are in nonblocking
# mode.
inp = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, alsaaudio.PCM_NONBLOCK,
channels=1, rate=44100, format=alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
periodsize=160, device=device)
loops = 1000000
while loops > 0:
loops -= 1
# Read data from device
l, data = inp.read()
if l < 0:
print("Capture buffer overrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
elif l:
f.write(data)
time.sleep(.001)

View File

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import time
from threading import Thread
from multiprocessing import Queue
@@ -16,15 +15,14 @@ if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
else:
from queue import Empty
from math import pi, sin, ceil
from math import pi, sin
import struct
import itertools
import alsaaudio
sampling_rate = 48000
format = alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
pack_format = 'h' # short int, matching S16
framesize = 2 # bytes per frame for the values above
channels = 2
def nearest_frequency(frequency):
@@ -36,29 +34,32 @@ def generate(frequency, duration = 0.125):
# generate a buffer with a sine wave of `frequency`
# that is approximately `duration` seconds long
# the buffersize we approximately want
target_size = int(sampling_rate * channels * duration)
# the length of a full sine wave at the frequency
cycle_size = int(sampling_rate / frequency)
# number of full cycles we can fit into the duration
factor = int(ceil(duration * frequency))
# total number of frames
size = cycle_size * factor
# number of full cycles we can fit into target_size
factor = int(target_size / cycle_size)
size = max(int(cycle_size * factor), 1)
sine = [ int(32767 * sin(2 * pi * frequency * i / sampling_rate)) \
for i in range(size)]
if channels > 1:
sine = list(itertools.chain.from_iterable(itertools.repeat(x, channels) for x in sine))
return struct.pack(str(size * channels) + pack_format, *sine)
return struct.pack('%dh' % size, *sine)
class SinePlayer(Thread):
def __init__(self, frequency = 440.0):
Thread.__init__(self, daemon=True)
self.device = alsaaudio.PCM(channels=channels, format=format, rate=sampling_rate)
Thread.__init__(self)
self.setDaemon(True)
self.device = alsaaudio.PCM()
self.device.setchannels(channels)
self.device.setformat(format)
self.device.setrate(sampling_rate)
self.queue = Queue()
self.change(frequency)
@@ -75,23 +76,22 @@ class SinePlayer(Thread):
buf = generate(f)
self.queue.put(buf)
def run(self):
buffer = None
while True:
try:
buffer = self.queue.get(False)
self.device.setperiodsize(int(len(buffer) / framesize))
self.device.write(buffer)
except Empty:
pass
if buffer:
if self.device.write(buffer) < 0:
print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
if buffer:
self.device.write(buffer)
isine = SinePlayer()
isine.start()
time.sleep(1)
isine.change(1000)
time.sleep(1)
def change(f):
isine.change(f)

View File

@@ -43,46 +43,20 @@ def show_mixer(name, kwargs):
sys.exit(1)
print("Mixer name: '%s'" % mixer.mixer())
volcap = mixer.volumecap()
print("Capabilities: %s %s" % (' '.join(volcap),
print("Capabilities: %s %s" % (' '.join(mixer.volumecap()),
' '.join(mixer.switchcap())))
if "Volume" in volcap or "Joined Volume" in volcap or "Playback Volume" in volcap:
pmin, pmax = mixer.getrange(alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK)
pmin_keyword, pmax_keyword = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_RAW)
pmin_default, pmax_default = mixer.getrange()
assert pmin == pmin_keyword
assert pmax == pmax_keyword
assert pmin == pmin_default
assert pmax == pmax_default
print("Raw playback volume range {}-{}".format(pmin, pmax))
pmin_dB, pmax_dB = mixer.getrange(units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
print("dB playback volume range {}-{}".format(pmin_dB / 100.0, pmax_dB / 100.0))
if "Capture Volume" in volcap or "Joined Capture Volume" in volcap:
# Check that `getrange` works with keyword and positional arguments
cmin, cmax = mixer.getrange(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE)
cmin_keyword, cmax_keyword = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_RAW)
assert cmin == cmin_keyword
assert cmax == cmax_keyword
print("Raw capture volume range {}-{}".format(cmin, cmax))
cmin_dB, cmax_dB = mixer.getrange(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
print("dB capture volume range {}-{}".format(cmin_dB / 100.0, cmax_dB / 100.0))
volumes = mixer.getvolume()
volumes_dB = mixer.getvolume(units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
for i in range(len(volumes)):
print("Channel %i playback volume: %i%% (%.1f dB)" % (i, volumes[i], volumes_dB[i] / 100.0))
for i, v in enumerate(volumes):
print("Channel %i volume: %.02f%%" % (i, v))
volumes = mixer.getvolume(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE)
volumes_dB = mixer.getvolume(pcmtype=alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, units=alsaaudio.VOLUME_UNITS_DB)
for i in range(len(volumes)):
print("Channel %i capture volume: %i%% (%.1f dB)" % (i, volumes[i], volumes_dB[i] / 100.0))
volumes = mixer.getvolume(unit=alsaaudio.dB)
for i, v in enumerate(volumes):
print("Channel %i volume: %.02fdB" % (i, v))
try:
mutes = mixer.getmute()
for i in range(len(mutes)):
if mutes[i]:
for i, m in enumerate(mutes):
if m:
print("Channel %i is muted" % i)
except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
# May not support muting
@@ -90,8 +64,8 @@ def show_mixer(name, kwargs):
try:
recs = mixer.getrec()
for i in range(len(recs)):
if recs[i]:
for i, r in enumerate(recs):
if r:
print("Channel %i is recording" % i)
except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
# May not support recording
@@ -118,7 +92,7 @@ def set_mixer(name, args, kwargs):
mixer.setmute(1, channel)
else:
mixer.setmute(0, channel)
elif args in ['rec','unrec']:
# Enable/disable recording
if args == 'rec':

View File

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
#!/usr/bin/env python
## playbacktest.py
##
@@ -39,16 +38,22 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
f = open(args[0], 'rb')
# Open the device in playback mode in Mono, 44100 Hz, 16 bit little endian frames
# Open the device in playback mode.
out = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, device=device)
# Set attributes: Mono, 44100 Hz, 16 bit little endian frames
out.setchannels(1)
out.setrate(44100)
out.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)
# The period size controls the internal number of frames per period.
# The significance of this parameter is documented in the ALSA api.
out.setperiodsize(160)
out = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_PLAYBACK, channels=1, rate=44100, format=alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, periodsize=160, device=device)
# Read data from stdin
data = f.read(320)
while data:
if out.write(data) < 0:
print("Playback buffer underrun! Continuing nonetheless ...")
out.write(data)
data = f.read(320)
out.close()

65
playwav.py Executable file
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@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
# Simple test script that plays (some) wav files
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import wave
import getopt
import alsaaudio
def play(device, f):
print('%d channels, %d sampling rate\n' % (f.getnchannels(),
f.getframerate()))
# Set attributes
device.setchannels(f.getnchannels())
device.setrate(f.getframerate())
# 8bit is unsigned in wav files
if f.getsampwidth() == 1:
device.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_U8)
# Otherwise we assume signed data, little endian
elif f.getsampwidth() == 2:
device.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)
elif f.getsampwidth() == 3:
device.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE)
elif f.getsampwidth() == 4:
device.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE)
else:
raise ValueError('Unsupported format')
periodsize = f.getframerate() / 8
device.setperiodsize(periodsize)
data = f.readframes(periodsize)
while data:
# Read data from stdin
device.write(data)
data = f.readframes(periodsize)
def usage():
print('usage: playwav.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
device = 'default'
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-d':
device = a
if not args:
usage()
f = wave.open(args[0], 'rb')
device = alsaaudio.PCM(device=device)
play(device, f)
f.close()

View File

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
[project]
name = "pyalsaaudio"
version = "0.11.0"
description = "ALSA bindings"
readme.text = """
This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python.
It is fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access.
"""
readme.content-type = "text/plain"
license.file = "LICENSE"
# NOTE: license as a table has been deprecated by PEP-639, however support in
# setuptools has been introduced in v77.0 which is not installable on Python
# 3.9. Since this project doesn't constraint the minimum python version, we have
# to stick to the legacy `license` definition for now.
# license="PSF-2.0"
# license-files=["LICENSE"]
classifiers = [
"Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
"Intended Audience :: Developers",
"Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux",
"Programming Language :: Python :: 3",
"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio",
"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Mixers",
"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Players",
"Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Capture/Recording",
]
[[project.authors]]
name = "Casper Wilstrup"
email = "cwi@aves.dk"
[[project.maintainers]]
name = "Lars Immisch"
email = "lars@ibp.de"
[project.urls]
homepage = "http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/"
source = "https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio"
documentation = "https://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/"
issues = "https://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues"
[build-system]
requires = ["setuptools"]
build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
[tool.setuptools]
ext-modules = [
{ name = "alsaaudio", sources = ["src/alsaaudio.c"], libraries = ["asound"] }
]
[tool.cibuildwheel]
build-frontend = "build[uv]"
before-all = "ci/setup_cibuildwheel.sh"
[dependency-groups]
lint = [
"mypy>=1.17.1",
"pyright>=1.1.403",
]
doc = [
"sphinx>=8.1.3",
]

69
recordtest.py Executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python
## recordtest.py
##
## This is an example of a simple sound capture script.
##
## The script opens an ALSA pcm device for sound capture, sets
## various attributes of the capture, and reads in a loop,
## writing the data to standard out.
##
## To test it out do the following:
## python recordtest.py out.raw # talk to the microphone
## aplay -r 8000 -f S16_LE -c 1 out.raw
#!/usr/bin/env python
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import time
import getopt
import alsaaudio
def usage():
print('usage: recordtest.py [-d <device>] <file>', file=sys.stderr)
sys.exit(2)
if __name__ == '__main__':
device = 'default'
opts, args = getopt.getopt(sys.argv[1:], 'd:')
for o, a in opts:
if o == '-d':
device = a
if not args:
usage()
f = open(args[0], 'wb')
# Open the device in nonblocking capture mode. The last argument could
# just as well have been zero for blocking mode. Then we could have
# left out the sleep call in the bottom of the loop
inp = alsaaudio.PCM(alsaaudio.PCM_CAPTURE, alsaaudio.PCM_NONBLOCK, device=device)
# Set attributes: Mono, 44100 Hz, 16 bit little endian samples
inp.setchannels(1)
inp.setrate(44100)
inp.setformat(alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)
# The period size controls the internal number of frames per period.
# The significance of this parameter is documented in the ALSA api.
# For our purposes, it is suficcient to know that reads from the device
# will return this many frames. Each frame being 2 bytes long.
# This means that the reads below will return either 320 bytes of data
# or 0 bytes of data. The latter is possible because we are in nonblocking
# mode.
inp.setperiodsize(160)
loops = 1000000
while loops > 0:
loops -= 1
# Read data from device
l, data = inp.read()
if l:
f.write(data)
time.sleep(.001)

40
setup.py Executable file
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@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
'''This package contains wrappers for accessing the ALSA API from Python.
It is fairly complete for PCM devices and Mixer access.
'''
from setuptools import setup
from setuptools.extension import Extension
from sys import version
pyalsa_version = '0.8.4'
if __name__ == '__main__':
setup(
name = 'pyalsaaudio',
version = pyalsa_version,
description = 'ALSA bindings',
long_description = __doc__,
author = 'Casper Wilstrup',
author_email='cwi@aves.dk',
maintainer = 'Lars Immisch',
maintainer_email = 'lars@ibp.de',
license='PSF',
platforms=['posix'],
url='http://larsimmisch.github.io/pyalsaaudio/',
classifiers = [
'Development Status :: 4 - Beta',
'Intended Audience :: Developers',
'License :: OSI Approved :: Python Software Foundation License',
'Operating System :: POSIX :: Linux',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 2',
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
'Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio',
'Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Mixers',
'Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Players',
'Topic :: Multimedia :: Sound/Audio :: Capture/Recording',
],
ext_modules=[Extension('alsaaudio',['alsaaudio.c'],
libraries=['asound'])]
)

View File

@@ -1,154 +0,0 @@
from typing import Final, final
PCM_PLAYBACK: Final[int]
PCM_CAPTURE: Final[int]
PCM_NORMAL: Final[int]
PCM_NONBLOCK: Final[int]
PCM_ASYNC: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S8: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U8: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U16_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U16_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U24_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U24_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U32_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U32_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_IMA_ADPCM: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_MPEG: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_GSM: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U24_3LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_U24_3BE: Final[int]
PCM_TSTAMP_NONE: Final[int]
PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE: Final[int]
PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY: Final[int]
PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC: Final[int]
PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_MONOTONIC_RAW: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U8: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U16_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_LE: Final[int]
PCM_FORMAT_DSD_U32_BE: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_OPEN: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_SETUP: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_PREPARED: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_RUNNING: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_XRUN: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_DRAINING: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_PAUSED: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED: Final[int]
PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED: Final[int]
MIXER_CHANNEL_ALL: Final[int]
# NOTE: Omit for now - use case unknown (see alsaaudio.c)
#MIXER_SCHN_UNKNOWN: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_LEFT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_RIGHT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_LEFT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_RIGHT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_FRONT_CENTER: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_WOOFER: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_SIDE_LEFT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_SIDE_RIGHT: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_REAR_CENTER: Final[int]
#MIXER_SCHN_MONO: Final[int]
VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE: Final[int]
VOLUME_UNITS_RAW: Final[int]
VOLUME_UNITS_DB: Final[int]
def pcms(pcmtype: int) -> list[str]: ...
def cards() -> list[str]: ...
def mixers(cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> list[str]: ...
def asoundlib_version() -> str: ...
def card_indexes() -> list[int]: ...
def card_name(index: int): ...
_DEPRECATED = ...
@final
class PCM:
def __init__(
self,
type: int = PCM_PLAYBACK,
mode: int = PCM_NORMAL,
device: str = "default",
cardindex: int = -1,
card: str = _DEPRECATED,
rate: int = 44100,
channels: int = 2,
format: int = PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,
periodsize: int = 32,
periods: int = 4,
) -> None: ...
def close(self) -> None: ...
def dumpinfo(self) -> None: ...
def info(self) -> dict: ...
def state(self) -> int: ...
def htimestamp(self) -> tuple[int, int, int]: ...
def set_tstamp_mode(self, mode: int = PCM_TSTAMP_ENABLE) -> None: ...
def get_tstamp_mode(self) -> int: ...
def set_tstamp_type(self, type: int = PCM_TSTAMP_TYPE_GETTIMEOFDAY) -> None: ...
def get_tstamp_type(self) -> int: ...
def getformats(self) -> dict: ...
def getratebounds(self) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
def getrates(self) -> int | tuple[int, int] | list[int]: ...
def getchannels(self) -> list[int]: ...
def setchannels(self, nchannels: int) -> None: ...
def pcmtype(self) -> int: ...
def pcmmode(self) -> int: ...
def cardname(self) -> str: ...
def setrate(self, rate: int) -> None: ...
def setformat(self, format: int) -> int: ...
def setperiodsize(self, period: int) -> int: ...
def read(self) -> tuple[int, bytes]: ...
def write(self, data: bytes) -> int: ...
def avail(self) -> int: ...
def pause(self, enable: bool = True) -> int: ...
def drop(self) -> int: ...
def drain(self) -> int: ...
def polldescriptors(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
def polldescriptors_revents(self, descriptors: list[tuple[int, int]]) -> int: ...
@final
class Mixer:
def __init__(self, control: str = 'Master', id: int = 0, cardindex: int = -1, device: str = 'default') -> None: ...
def cardname(self) -> str: ...
def close(self) -> None: ...
def mixer(self) -> str: ...
def mixerid(self) -> int: ...
def switchcap(self) -> int: ...
def volumecap(self) -> int: ...
def getvolume(self, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE) -> int: ...
def getrange(self, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_RAW) -> tuple[int, int]: ...
def getenum(self) -> tuple[str, list[str]]: ...
def getmute(self) -> list[int]: ...
def getrec(self) -> list[int]: ...
def setvolume(self, volume: int, pcmtype: int = PCM_PLAYBACK, units: int = VOLUME_UNITS_PERCENTAGE, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
def setenum(self, index: int) -> None: ...
def setmute(self, mute: bool, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
def setrec(self, capture: int, channel: (int | None) = None) -> None: ...
def polldescriptors(self) -> list[tuple[int, int]]: ...
def handleevents(self) -> int: ...
class ALSAAudioError(Exception): ...

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load Diff

136
test.py Executable file
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@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python
# These are internal tests. They shouldn't fail, but they don't cover all
# of the ALSA API. Most importantly PCM.read and PCM.write are missing.
# These need to be tested by playbacktest.py and recordtest.py
# In case of a problem, run these tests. If they fail, file a bug report on
# http://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues
import unittest
import alsaaudio
import warnings
# we can't test read and write well - these are tested otherwise
PCMMethods = [('pcmtype', None),
('pcmmode', None),
('cardname', None),
('setchannels', (2,)),
('setrate', (44100,)),
('setformat', (alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S8,)),
('setperiodsize', (320,))]
# A clever test would look at the Mixer capabilities and selectively run the
# omitted tests, but I am too tired for that.
MixerMethods = [('cardname', None),
('mixer', None),
('mixerid', None),
('switchcap', None),
('volumecap', None),
('getvolume', None),
('getrange', None),
('getenum', None),
# ('getmute', None),
# ('getrec', None),
# ('setvolume', (60,)),
# ('setmute', (0,))
# ('setrec', (0')),
]
class MixerTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test Mixer objects"""
def testMixer(self):
"""Open the default Mixers and the Mixers on every card"""
for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers(cardindex=c)
for m in mixers:
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(m, cardindex=c)
mixer.close()
def testMixerAll(self):
"Run common Mixer methods on an open object"
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
for m, a in MixerMethods:
f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
f(mixer)
else:
f(mixer, *a)
mixer.close()
def testMixerClose(self):
"""Run common Mixer methods on a closed object and verify it raises an
error"""
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
mixer.close()
for m, a in MixerMethods:
f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer)
else:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer, *a)
class PCMTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test PCM objects"""
def testPCM(self):
"Open a PCM object on every card"
for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(cardindex=c)
pcm.close()
def testPCMAll(self):
"Run all PCM methods on an open object"
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
for m, a in PCMMethods:
f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
f(pcm)
else:
f(pcm, *a)
pcm.close()
def testPCMClose(self):
"Run all PCM methods on a closed object and verify it raises an error"
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
pcm.close()
for m, a in PCMMethods:
f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm)
else:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm, *a)
def testPCMDeprecated(self):
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
# Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
warnings.simplefilter("always")
try:
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(card='default')
except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
pass
# Verify we got a DepreciationWarning
assert len(w) == 1
assert issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning)
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

View File

@@ -1,190 +0,0 @@
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- mode: python; indent-tabs-mode: t; c-basic-offset: 4; tab-width: 4 -*-
# These are internal tests. They shouldn't fail, but they don't cover all
# of the ALSA API. Most importantly PCM.read and PCM.write are missing.
# These need to be tested by playbacktest.py and recordtest.py
# In case of a problem, run these tests. If they fail, file a bug report on
# http://github.com/larsimmisch/pyalsaaudio/issues
import unittest
import alsaaudio
import warnings
from contextlib import closing
MethodsType = list[tuple[str, tuple[int, ...] | None]]
# we can't test read and write well - these are tested otherwise
PCMMethods: MethodsType = [
('pcmtype', None),
('pcmmode', None),
('cardname', None)
]
PCMDeprecatedMethods: MethodsType = [
('setchannels', (2,)),
('setrate', (44100,)),
('setformat', (alsaaudio.PCM_FORMAT_S8,)),
('setperiodsize', (320,))
]
# A clever test would look at the Mixer capabilities and selectively run the
# omitted tests, but I am too tired for that.
MixerMethods: MethodsType = [
('cardname', None),
('mixer', None),
('mixerid', None),
('switchcap', None),
('volumecap', None),
('getvolume', None),
('getrange', None),
('getenum', None),
# ('getmute', None),
# ('getrec', None),
# ('setvolume', (60,)),
# ('setmute', (0,))
# ('setrec', (0')),
]
class MixerTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test Mixer objects"""
def testMixer(self):
"""Open the default Mixers and the Mixers on every card"""
for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers(cardindex=c)
for m in mixers:
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(m, cardindex=c)
mixer.close()
def testMixerAll(self):
"Run common Mixer methods on an open object"
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
for m, a in MixerMethods:
f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
f(mixer)
else:
f(mixer, *a)
mixer.close()
def testMixerClose(self):
"""Run common Mixer methods on a closed object and verify it raises an
error"""
mixers = alsaaudio.mixers()
mixer = alsaaudio.Mixer(mixers[0])
mixer.close()
for m, a in MixerMethods:
f = alsaaudio.Mixer.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer)
else:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, mixer, *a)
class PCMTest(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test PCM objects"""
def testPCM(self):
"Open a PCM object on every card"
for c in alsaaudio.card_indexes():
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(cardindex=c)
pcm.close()
def testPCMAll(self):
"Run all PCM methods on an open object"
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
for m, a in PCMMethods:
f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
f(pcm)
else:
f(pcm, *a)
pcm.close()
def testPCMClose(self):
"Run all PCM methods on a closed object and verify it raises an error"
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
pcm.close()
for m, a in PCMMethods:
f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm)
else:
self.assertRaises(alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError, f, pcm, *a)
def testPCMDeprecated(self):
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
# Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
warnings.simplefilter("always")
try:
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM(card='default')
except alsaaudio.ALSAAudioError:
pass
# Verify we got a DepreciationWarning
self.assertEqual(len(w), 1, "PCM(card='default') expected a warning" )
self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning), "PCM(card='default') expected a DeprecationWarning")
for m, a in PCMDeprecatedMethods:
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True) as w:
# Cause all warnings to always be triggered.
warnings.simplefilter("always")
pcm = alsaaudio.PCM()
f = alsaaudio.PCM.__dict__[m]
if a is None:
f(pcm)
else:
f(pcm, *a)
# Verify we got a DepreciationWarning
method = "%s%s" % (m, str(a))
self.assertEqual(len(w), 1, method + " expected a warning")
self.assertTrue(issubclass(w[-1].category, DeprecationWarning), method + " expected a DeprecationWarning")
class PollDescriptorArgsTest(unittest.TestCase):
'''Test invalid args for polldescriptors_revents (takes a list of tuples of 2 integers)'''
def testArgsNoList(self):
with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pcm.polldescriptors_revents('foo') # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
def testArgsListButNoTuples(self):
with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pcm.polldescriptors_revents(['foo', 1]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
def testArgsListButInvalidTuples(self):
with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pcm.polldescriptors_revents([('foo', 'bar')]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
def testArgsListTupleWrongLength(self):
with closing(alsaaudio.PCM()) as pcm:
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pcm.polldescriptors_revents([(1, )]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
with self.assertRaises(TypeError):
pcm.polldescriptors_revents([(1, 2, 3)]) # pyright: ignore[reportArgumentType]
if __name__ == '__main__':
unittest.main()

534
uv.lock generated
View File

@@ -1,534 +0,0 @@
version = 1
revision = 3
requires-python = ">=3.10"
resolution-markers = [
"python_full_version >= '3.11'",
"python_full_version < '3.11'",
]
[[package]]
name = "alabaster"
version = "1.0.0"
source = { registry = "https://pypi.org/simple" }
sdist = { url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/a6/f8/d9c74d0daf3f742840fd818d69cfae176fa332022fd44e3469487d5a9420/alabaster-1.0.0.tar.gz", hash = "sha256:c00dca57bca26fa62a6d7d0a9fcce65f3e026e9bfe33e9c538fd3fbb2144fd9e", size = 24210, upload-time = "2024-07-26T18:15:03.762Z" }
wheels = [
{ url = "https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/7e/b3/6b4067be973ae96ba0d615946e314c5ae35f9f993eca561b356540bb0c2b/alabaster-1.0.0-py3-none-any.whl", hash = "sha256:fc6786402dc3fcb2de3cabd5fe455a2db534b371124f1f21de8731783dec828b", size = 13929, upload-time = "2024-07-26T18:15:02.05Z" },
]
[[package]]
name = "babel"
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