Merge pull request #598 from google/gbg/gatt-class-adapter

Add a class-based GATT adapter

apps/auracast.py

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ AURACAST_DEFAULT_ATT_MTU = 256
 class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
     @dataclasses.dataclass
     class Broadcast(pyee.EventEmitter):
-        name: str
+        name: str | None
         sync: bumble.device.PeriodicAdvertisingSync
         rssi: int = 0
         public_broadcast_announcement: Optional[
@@ -135,7 +135,8 @@ class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
                 self.sync.advertiser_address,
                 color(self.sync.state.name, 'green'),
             )
-            print(f'  {color("Name", "cyan")}:         {self.name}')
+            if self.name is not None:
+                print(f'  {color("Name", "cyan")}:         {self.name}')
             if self.appearance:
                 print(f'  {color("Appearance", "cyan")}:   {str(self.appearance)}')
             print(f'  {color("RSSI", "cyan")}:         {self.rssi}')
@@ -174,7 +175,7 @@ class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
                     print(color('      Codec ID:', 'yellow'))
                     print(
                         color('        Coding Format:           ', 'green'),
-                        subgroup.codec_id.coding_format.name,
+                        subgroup.codec_id.codec_id.name,
                     )
                     print(
                         color('        Company ID:              ', 'green'),
@@ -274,13 +275,24 @@ class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
         await self.device.stop_scanning()
 
     def on_advertisement(self, advertisement: bumble.device.Advertisement) -> None:
-        if (
-            broadcast_name := advertisement.data.get(
-                bumble.core.AdvertisingData.BROADCAST_NAME
+        if not (
+            ads := advertisement.data.get_all(
+                bumble.core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID
             )
-        ) is None:
+        ) or not (
+            any(
+                ad
+                for ad in ads
+                if isinstance(ad, tuple)
+                and ad[0] == bumble.gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE
+            )
+        ):
             return
-        assert isinstance(broadcast_name, str)
+
+        broadcast_name = advertisement.data.get(
+            bumble.core.AdvertisingData.BROADCAST_NAME
+        )
+        assert isinstance(broadcast_name, str) or broadcast_name is None
 
         if broadcast := self.broadcasts.get(advertisement.address):
             broadcast.update(advertisement)
@@ -291,7 +303,7 @@ class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
         )
 
     async def on_new_broadcast(
-        self, name: str, advertisement: bumble.device.Advertisement
+        self, name: str | None, advertisement: bumble.device.Advertisement
     ) -> None:
         periodic_advertising_sync = await self.device.create_periodic_advertising_sync(
             advertiser_address=advertisement.address,
@@ -299,10 +311,7 @@ class BroadcastScanner(pyee.EventEmitter):
             sync_timeout=self.sync_timeout,
             filter_duplicates=self.filter_duplicates,
         )
-        broadcast = self.Broadcast(
-            name,
-            periodic_advertising_sync,
-        )
+        broadcast = self.Broadcast(name, periodic_advertising_sync)
         broadcast.update(advertisement)
         self.broadcasts[advertisement.address] = broadcast
         periodic_advertising_sync.on('loss', lambda: self.on_broadcast_loss(broadcast))

apps/bench.py

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ def log_stats(title, stats, precision=2):
     stats_min = min(stats)
     stats_max = max(stats)
     stats_avg = statistics.mean(stats)
-    stats_stdev = statistics.stdev(stats)
+    stats_stdev = statistics.stdev(stats) if len(stats) >= 2 else 0
     logging.info(
         color(
             (
@@ -468,6 +468,7 @@ class Ping:
 
         for run in range(self.repeat + 1):
             self.done.clear()
+            self.ping_times = []
 
             if run > 0 and self.repeat and self.repeat_delay:
                 logging.info(color(f'*** Repeat delay: {self.repeat_delay}', 'green'))

apps/hci_bridge.py

@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ async def async_main():
                         return_parameters=bytes([hci.HCI_SUCCESS]),
                     )
                     # Return a packet with 'respond to sender' set to True
-                    return (response.to_bytes(), True)
+                    return (bytes(response), True)
 
                 return None
 

apps/lea_unicast/app.py

@@ -486,7 +486,12 @@ class Speaker:
 
             def on_pdu(pdu: HCI_IsoDataPacket, ase: ascs.AseStateMachine):
                 codec_config = ase.codec_specific_configuration
-                assert isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                    or codec_config.frame_duration is None
+                    or codec_config.audio_channel_allocation is None
+                ):
+                    return
                 pcm = decode(
                     codec_config.frame_duration.us,
                     codec_config.audio_channel_allocation.channel_count,
@@ -495,11 +500,17 @@ class Speaker:
                 self.device.abort_on('disconnection', self.ui_server.send_audio(pcm))
 
             def on_ase_state_change(ase: ascs.AseStateMachine) -> None:
+                codec_config = ase.codec_specific_configuration
                 if ase.state == ascs.AseStateMachine.State.STREAMING:
-                    codec_config = ase.codec_specific_configuration
-                    assert isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
-                    assert ase.cis_link
                     if ase.role == ascs.AudioRole.SOURCE:
+                        if (
+                            not isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                            or ase.cis_link is None
+                            or codec_config.octets_per_codec_frame is None
+                            or codec_config.frame_duration is None
+                            or codec_config.codec_frames_per_sdu is None
+                        ):
+                            return
                         ase.cis_link.abort_on(
                             'disconnection',
                             lc3_source_task(
@@ -514,10 +525,17 @@ class Speaker:
                             ),
                         )
                     else:
+                        if not ase.cis_link:
+                            return
                         ase.cis_link.sink = functools.partial(on_pdu, ase=ase)
                 elif ase.state == ascs.AseStateMachine.State.CODEC_CONFIGURED:
-                    codec_config = ase.codec_specific_configuration
-                    assert isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                    if (
+                        not isinstance(codec_config, bap.CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                        or codec_config.sampling_frequency is None
+                        or codec_config.frame_duration is None
+                        or codec_config.audio_channel_allocation is None
+                    ):
+                        return
                     if ase.role == ascs.AudioRole.SOURCE:
                         setup_encoders(
                             codec_config.sampling_frequency.hz,

apps/pair.py

@@ -373,7 +373,9 @@ async def pair(
             shared_data = (
                 None
                 if oob == '-'
-                else OobData.from_ad(AdvertisingData.from_bytes(bytes.fromhex(oob)))
+                else OobData.from_ad(
+                    AdvertisingData.from_bytes(bytes.fromhex(oob))
+                ).shared_data
             )
             legacy_context = OobLegacyContext()
             oob_contexts = PairingConfig.OobConfig(
@@ -381,16 +383,19 @@ async def pair(
                 peer_data=shared_data,
                 legacy_context=legacy_context,
             )
-            oob_data = OobData(
-                address=device.random_address,
-                shared_data=shared_data,
-                legacy_context=legacy_context,
-            )
             print(color('@@@-----------------------------------', 'yellow'))
             print(color('@@@ OOB Data:', 'yellow'))
-            print(color(f'@@@   {our_oob_context.share()}', 'yellow'))
+            if shared_data is None:
+                oob_data = OobData(
+                    address=device.random_address, shared_data=our_oob_context.share()
+                )
+                print(
+                    color(
+                        f'@@@   SHARE: {bytes(oob_data.to_ad()).hex()}',
+                        'yellow',
+                    )
+                )
             print(color(f'@@@   TK={legacy_context.tk.hex()}', 'yellow'))
-            print(color(f'@@@   HEX: ({bytes(oob_data.to_ad()).hex()})', 'yellow'))
             print(color('@@@-----------------------------------', 'yellow'))
         else:
             oob_contexts = None

apps/show.py

@@ -144,18 +144,18 @@ class Printer:
     help='Format of the input file',
 )
 @click.option(
-    '--vendors',
+    '--vendor',
     type=click.Choice(['android', 'zephyr']),
     multiple=True,
     help='Support vendor-specific commands (list one or more)',
 )
 @click.argument('filename')
 # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
-def main(format, vendors, filename):
-    for vendor in vendors:
-        if vendor == 'android':
+def main(format, vendor, filename):
+    for vendor_name in vendor:
+        if vendor_name == 'android':
             import bumble.vendor.android.hci
-        elif vendor == 'zephyr':
+        elif vendor_name == 'zephyr':
             import bumble.vendor.zephyr.hci
 
     input = open(filename, 'rb')
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ def main(format, vendors, filename):
             else:
                 printer.print(color("[TRUNCATED]", "red"))
         except Exception as error:
-            logger.exception()
+            logger.exception('')
             print(color(f'!!! {error}', 'red'))
 
 

bumble/att.py

@@ -57,6 +57,7 @@ if TYPE_CHECKING:
 # pylint: disable=line-too-long
 
 ATT_CID = 0x04
+ATT_PSM = 0x001F
 
 ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE              = 0x01
 ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST        = 0x02
@@ -291,9 +292,6 @@ class ATT_PDU:
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
-        return self.pdu
-
     @property
     def is_command(self):
         return ((self.op_code >> 6) & 1) == 1
@@ -303,7 +301,7 @@ class ATT_PDU:
         return ((self.op_code >> 7) & 1) == 1
 
     def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
+        return self.pdu
 
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
@@ -759,13 +757,13 @@ class AttributeValue:
     def __init__(
         self,
         read: Union[
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], bytes],
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], Awaitable[bytes]],
+            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], Any],
+            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], Awaitable[Any]],
             None,
         ] = None,
         write: Union[
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection], bytes], None],
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection], bytes], Awaitable[None]],
+            Callable[[Optional[Connection], Any], None],
+            Callable[[Optional[Connection], Any], Awaitable[None]],
             None,
         ] = None,
     ):
@@ -824,13 +822,13 @@ class Attribute(EventEmitter):
     READ_REQUIRES_AUTHORIZATION = Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_AUTHORIZATION
     WRITE_REQUIRES_AUTHORIZATION = Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_AUTHORIZATION
 
-    value: Union[bytes, AttributeValue]
+    value: Any
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         attribute_type: Union[str, bytes, UUID],
         permissions: Union[str, Attribute.Permissions],
-        value: Union[str, bytes, AttributeValue] = b'',
+        value: Any = b'',
     ) -> None:
         EventEmitter.__init__(self)
         self.handle = 0
@@ -848,11 +846,7 @@ class Attribute(EventEmitter):
         else:
             self.type = attribute_type
 
-        # Convert the value to a byte array
-        if isinstance(value, str):
-            self.value = bytes(value, 'utf-8')
-        else:
-            self.value = value
+        self.value = value
 
     def encode_value(self, value: Any) -> bytes:
         return value
@@ -895,6 +889,8 @@ class Attribute(EventEmitter):
         else:
             value = self.value
 
+        self.emit('read', connection, value)
+
         return self.encode_value(value)
 
     async def write_value(self, connection: Connection, value_bytes: bytes) -> None:

bumble/controller.py

@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ class Controller:
             f'{color("CONTROLLER -> HOST", "green")}: {packet}'
         )
         if self.host:
-            self.host.on_packet(packet.to_bytes())
+            self.host.on_packet(bytes(packet))
 
     # This method allows the controller to emulate the same API as a transport source
     async def wait_for_termination(self):
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ class Controller:
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.4.6 Read BD_ADDR Command
         '''
         bd_addr = (
-            self._public_address.to_bytes()
+            bytes(self._public_address)
             if self._public_address is not None
             else bytes(6)
         )
@@ -1543,6 +1543,41 @@ class Controller:
         }
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
 
+    def on_hci_le_set_advertising_set_random_address_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.52 LE Set Advertising Set Random Address
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_extended_advertising_parameters_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.53 LE Set Extended Advertising Parameters
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS, 0])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_extended_advertising_data_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.54 LE Set Extended Advertising Data
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_extended_scan_response_data_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.55 LE Set Extended Scan Response Data
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_extended_advertising_enable_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.56 LE Set Extended Advertising Enable
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
     def on_hci_le_read_maximum_advertising_data_length_command(self, _command):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.57 LE Read Maximum Advertising Data
@@ -1557,6 +1592,27 @@ class Controller:
         '''
         return struct.pack('<BB', HCI_SUCCESS, 0xF0)
 
+    def on_hci_le_set_periodic_advertising_parameters_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.61 LE Set Periodic Advertising Parameters
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_periodic_advertising_data_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.62 LE Set Periodic Advertising Data
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_periodic_advertising_enable_command(self, _command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.63 LE Set Periodic Advertising Enable
+        Command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
     def on_hci_le_read_transmit_power_command(self, _command):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.74 LE Read Transmit Power Command

bumble/drivers/common.py

@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ Common types for drivers.
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import abc
 
+from bumble import core
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes

bumble/drivers/intel.py

@@ -11,18 +11,33 @@
 # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
+"""
+Support for Intel USB controllers.
+Loosely based on the Fuchsia OS implementation.
+"""
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+import asyncio
+import collections
+import dataclasses
 import logging
+import os
+import pathlib
+import platform
+import struct
+from typing import Any, Deque, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
 
+from bumble import core
 from bumble.drivers import common
-from bumble.hci import (
-    hci_vendor_command_op_code,  # type: ignore
-    HCI_Command,
-    HCI_Reset_Command,
-)
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble import utils
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from bumble.host import Host
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -34,39 +49,328 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 INTEL_USB_PRODUCTS = {
-    # Intel AX210
-    (0x8087, 0x0032),
-    # Intel BE200
-    (0x8087, 0x0036),
+    (0x8087, 0x0032),  # AX210
+    (0x8087, 0x0036),  # BE200
 }
 
+INTEL_FW_IMAGE_NAMES = [
+    "ibt-0040-0041",
+    "ibt-0040-1020",
+    "ibt-0040-1050",
+    "ibt-0040-2120",
+    "ibt-0040-4150",
+    "ibt-0041-0041",
+    "ibt-0180-0041",
+    "ibt-0180-1050",
+    "ibt-0180-4150",
+    "ibt-0291-0291",
+    "ibt-1040-0041",
+    "ibt-1040-1020",
+    "ibt-1040-1050",
+    "ibt-1040-2120",
+    "ibt-1040-4150",
+]
+
+INTEL_FIRMWARE_DIR_ENV = "BUMBLE_INTEL_FIRMWARE_DIR"
+INTEL_LINUX_FIRMWARE_DIR = "/lib/firmware/intel"
+
+_MAX_FRAGMENT_SIZE = 252
+_POST_RESET_DELAY = 0.2
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # HCI Commands
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-HCI_INTEL_DDC_CONFIG_WRITE_COMMAND = hci_vendor_command_op_code(0xFC8B)  # type: ignore
-HCI_INTEL_DDC_CONFIG_WRITE_PAYLOAD = [0x03, 0xE4, 0x02, 0x00]
+HCI_INTEL_WRITE_DEVICE_CONFIG_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x008B)
+HCI_INTEL_READ_VERSION_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x0005)
+HCI_INTEL_RESET_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x0001)
+HCI_INTEL_SECURE_SEND_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x0009)
+HCI_INTEL_WRITE_BOOT_PARAMS_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x000E)
 
-HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
+hci.HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
 
 
-@HCI_Command.command(  # type: ignore
-    fields=[("params", "*")],
+@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+    fields=[
+        ("param0", 1),
+    ],
     return_parameters_fields=[
-        ("params", "*"),
+        ("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC),
+        ("tlv", "*"),
     ],
 )
-class Hci_Intel_DDC_Config_Write_Command(HCI_Command):
+class HCI_Intel_Read_Version_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
     pass
 
 
+@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+    fields=[("data_type", 1), ("data", "*")],
+    return_parameters_fields=[
+        ("status", 1),
+    ],
+)
+class Hci_Intel_Secure_Send_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
+    pass
+
+
+@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+    fields=[
+        ("reset_type", 1),
+        ("patch_enable", 1),
+        ("ddc_reload", 1),
+        ("boot_option", 1),
+        ("boot_address", 4),
+    ],
+    return_parameters_fields=[
+        ("data", "*"),
+    ],
+)
+class HCI_Intel_Reset_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
+    pass
+
+
+@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+    fields=[("data", "*")],
+    return_parameters_fields=[
+        ("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC),
+        ("params", "*"),
+    ],
+)
+class Hci_Intel_Write_Device_Config_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
+    pass
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Functions
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def intel_firmware_dir() -> pathlib.Path:
+    """
+    Returns:
+        A path to a subdir of the project data dir for Intel firmware.
+         The directory is created if it doesn't exist.
+    """
+    from bumble.drivers import project_data_dir
+
+    p = project_data_dir() / "firmware" / "intel"
+    p.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+    return p
+
+
+def _find_binary_path(file_name: str) -> pathlib.Path | None:
+    # First check if an environment variable is set
+    if INTEL_FIRMWARE_DIR_ENV in os.environ:
+        if (
+            path := pathlib.Path(os.environ[INTEL_FIRMWARE_DIR_ENV]) / file_name
+        ).is_file():
+            logger.debug(f"{file_name} found in env dir")
+            return path
+
+        # When the environment variable is set, don't look elsewhere
+        return None
+
+    # Then, look where the firmware download tool writes by default
+    if (path := intel_firmware_dir() / file_name).is_file():
+        logger.debug(f"{file_name} found in project data dir")
+        return path
+
+    # Then, look in the package's driver directory
+    if (path := pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "intel_fw" / file_name).is_file():
+        logger.debug(f"{file_name} found in package dir")
+        return path
+
+    # On Linux, check the system's FW directory
+    if (
+        platform.system() == "Linux"
+        and (path := pathlib.Path(INTEL_LINUX_FIRMWARE_DIR) / file_name).is_file()
+    ):
+        logger.debug(f"{file_name} found in Linux system FW dir")
+        return path
+
+    # Finally look in the current directory
+    if (path := pathlib.Path.cwd() / file_name).is_file():
+        logger.debug(f"{file_name} found in CWD")
+        return path
+
+    return None
+
+
+def _parse_tlv(data: bytes) -> list[tuple[ValueType, Any]]:
+    result: list[tuple[ValueType, Any]] = []
+    while len(data) >= 2:
+        value_type = ValueType(data[0])
+        value_length = data[1]
+        value = data[2 : 2 + value_length]
+        typed_value: Any
+
+        if value_type == ValueType.END:
+            break
+
+        if value_type in (ValueType.CNVI, ValueType.CNVR):
+            (v,) = struct.unpack("<I", value)
+            typed_value = (
+                (((v >> 0) & 0xF) << 12)
+                | (((v >> 4) & 0xF) << 0)
+                | (((v >> 8) & 0xF) << 4)
+                | (((v >> 24) & 0xF) << 8)
+            )
+        elif value_type == ValueType.HARDWARE_INFO:
+            (v,) = struct.unpack("<I", value)
+            typed_value = HardwareInfo(
+                HardwarePlatform((v >> 8) & 0xFF), HardwareVariant((v >> 16) & 0x3F)
+            )
+        elif value_type in (
+            ValueType.USB_VENDOR_ID,
+            ValueType.USB_PRODUCT_ID,
+            ValueType.DEVICE_REVISION,
+        ):
+            (typed_value,) = struct.unpack("<H", value)
+        elif value_type == ValueType.CURRENT_MODE_OF_OPERATION:
+            typed_value = ModeOfOperation(value[0])
+        elif value_type in (
+            ValueType.BUILD_TYPE,
+            ValueType.BUILD_NUMBER,
+            ValueType.SECURE_BOOT,
+            ValueType.OTP_LOCK,
+            ValueType.API_LOCK,
+            ValueType.DEBUG_LOCK,
+            ValueType.SECURE_BOOT_ENGINE_TYPE,
+        ):
+            typed_value = value[0]
+        elif value_type == ValueType.TIMESTAMP:
+            typed_value = Timestamp(value[0], value[1])
+        elif value_type == ValueType.FIRMWARE_BUILD:
+            typed_value = FirmwareBuild(value[0], Timestamp(value[1], value[2]))
+        elif value_type == ValueType.BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS:
+            typed_value = hci.Address(
+                value, address_type=hci.Address.PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+            )
+        else:
+            typed_value = value
+
+        result.append((value_type, typed_value))
+        data = data[2 + value_length :]
+
+    return result
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Classes
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class DriverError(core.BaseBumbleError):
+    def __init__(self, message: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__(message)
+        self.message = message
+
+    def __str__(self) -> str:
+        return f"IntelDriverError({self.message})"
+
+
+class ValueType(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    END = 0x00
+    CNVI = 0x10
+    CNVR = 0x11
+    HARDWARE_INFO = 0x12
+    DEVICE_REVISION = 0x16
+    CURRENT_MODE_OF_OPERATION = 0x1C
+    USB_VENDOR_ID = 0x17
+    USB_PRODUCT_ID = 0x18
+    TIMESTAMP = 0x1D
+    BUILD_TYPE = 0x1E
+    BUILD_NUMBER = 0x1F
+    SECURE_BOOT = 0x28
+    OTP_LOCK = 0x2A
+    API_LOCK = 0x2B
+    DEBUG_LOCK = 0x2C
+    FIRMWARE_BUILD = 0x2D
+    SECURE_BOOT_ENGINE_TYPE = 0x2F
+    BLUETOOTH_ADDRESS = 0x30
+
+
+class HardwarePlatform(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    INTEL_37 = 0x37
+
+
+class HardwareVariant(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    # This is a just a partial list.
+    # Add other constants here as new hardware is encountered and tested.
+    TYPHOON_PEAK = 0x17
+    GALE_PEAK = 0x1C
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class HardwareInfo:
+    platform: HardwarePlatform
+    variant: HardwareVariant
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class Timestamp:
+    week: int
+    year: int
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class FirmwareBuild:
+    build_number: int
+    timestamp: Timestamp
+
+
+class ModeOfOperation(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    BOOTLOADER = 0x01
+    INTERMEDIATE = 0x02
+    OPERATIONAL = 0x03
+
+
+class SecureBootEngineType(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    RSA = 0x00
+    ECDSA = 0x01
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class BootParams:
+    css_header_offset: int
+    css_header_size: int
+    pki_offset: int
+    pki_size: int
+    sig_offset: int
+    sig_size: int
+    write_offset: int
+
+
+_BOOT_PARAMS = {
+    SecureBootEngineType.RSA: BootParams(0, 128, 128, 256, 388, 256, 964),
+    SecureBootEngineType.ECDSA: BootParams(644, 128, 772, 96, 868, 96, 964),
+}
+
+
 class Driver(common.Driver):
-    def __init__(self, host):
+    def __init__(self, host: Host) -> None:
         self.host = host
+        self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands = 1
+        self.pending_firmware_load_commands: Deque[hci.HCI_Command] = (
+            collections.deque()
+        )
+        self.can_send_firmware_load_command = asyncio.Event()
+        self.can_send_firmware_load_command.set()
+        self.firmware_load_complete = asyncio.Event()
+        self.reset_complete = asyncio.Event()
+
+        # Parse configuration options from the driver name.
+        self.ddc_addon: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self.ddc_override: Optional[bytes] = None
+        driver = host.hci_metadata.get("driver")
+        if driver is not None and driver.startswith("intel/"):
+            for key, value in [
+                key_eq_value.split(":") for key_eq_value in driver[6:].split("+")
+            ]:
+                if key == "ddc_addon":
+                    self.ddc_addon = bytes.fromhex(value)
+                elif key == "ddc_override":
+                    self.ddc_override = bytes.fromhex(value)
 
     @staticmethod
-    def check(host):
+    def check(host: Host) -> bool:
         driver = host.hci_metadata.get("driver")
-        if driver == "intel":
+        if driver == "intel" or driver is not None and driver.startswith("intel/"):
             return True
 
         vendor_id = host.hci_metadata.get("vendor_id")
@@ -85,18 +389,283 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
         return True
 
     @classmethod
-    async def for_host(cls, host, force=False):  # type: ignore
+    async def for_host(cls, host: Host, force: bool = False):
         # Only instantiate this driver if explicitly selected
         if not force and not cls.check(host):
             return None
 
         return cls(host)
 
-    async def init_controller(self):
+    def on_packet(self, packet: bytes) -> None:
+        """Handler for event packets that are received from an ACL channel"""
+        event = hci.HCI_Event.from_bytes(packet)
+
+        if not isinstance(event, hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event):
+            self.host.on_hci_event_packet(event)
+            return
+
+        if not event.return_parameters == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
+            raise DriverError("HCI_Command_Complete_Event error")
+
+        if self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands != event.num_hci_command_packets:
+            logger.debug(
+                "max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands update: "
+                f"{event.num_hci_command_packets}"
+            )
+            self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands = event.num_hci_command_packets
+        logger.debug(f"event: {event}")
+        self.pending_firmware_load_commands.popleft()
+        in_flight = len(self.pending_firmware_load_commands)
+        logger.debug(f"event received, {in_flight} still in flight")
+        if in_flight < self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands:
+            self.can_send_firmware_load_command.set()
+
+    async def send_firmware_load_command(self, command: hci.HCI_Command) -> None:
+        # Wait until we can send.
+        await self.can_send_firmware_load_command.wait()
+
+        # Send the command and adjust counters.
+        self.host.send_hci_packet(command)
+        self.pending_firmware_load_commands.append(command)
+        in_flight = len(self.pending_firmware_load_commands)
+        if in_flight >= self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands:
+            logger.debug(f"max commands in flight reached [{in_flight}]")
+            self.can_send_firmware_load_command.clear()
+
+    async def send_firmware_data(self, data_type: int, data: bytes) -> None:
+        while data:
+            fragment_size = min(len(data), _MAX_FRAGMENT_SIZE)
+            fragment = data[:fragment_size]
+            data = data[fragment_size:]
+
+            await self.send_firmware_load_command(
+                Hci_Intel_Secure_Send_Command(data_type=data_type, data=fragment)
+            )
+
+    async def load_firmware(self) -> None:
         self.host.ready = True
-        await self.host.send_command(HCI_Reset_Command(), check_result=True)
-        await self.host.send_command(
-            Hci_Intel_DDC_Config_Write_Command(
-                params=HCI_INTEL_DDC_CONFIG_WRITE_PAYLOAD
+        device_info = await self.read_device_info()
+        logger.debug(
+            "device info: \n%s",
+            "\n".join(
+                [
+                    f"  {value_type.name}: {value}"
+                    for value_type, value in device_info.items()
+                ]
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # Check if the firmware is already loaded.
+        if (
+            device_info.get(ValueType.CURRENT_MODE_OF_OPERATION)
+            == ModeOfOperation.OPERATIONAL
+        ):
+            logger.debug("firmware already loaded")
+            return
+
+        # We only support some platforms and variants.
+        hardware_info = device_info.get(ValueType.HARDWARE_INFO)
+        if hardware_info is None:
+            raise DriverError("hardware info missing")
+        if hardware_info.platform != HardwarePlatform.INTEL_37:
+            raise DriverError("hardware platform not supported")
+        if hardware_info.variant not in (
+            HardwareVariant.TYPHOON_PEAK,
+            HardwareVariant.GALE_PEAK,
+        ):
+            raise DriverError("hardware variant not supported")
+
+        # Compute the firmware name.
+        if ValueType.CNVI not in device_info or ValueType.CNVR not in device_info:
+            raise DriverError("insufficient device info, missing CNVI or CNVR")
+
+        firmware_base_name = (
+            "ibt-"
+            f"{device_info[ValueType.CNVI]:04X}-"
+            f"{device_info[ValueType.CNVR]:04X}"
+        )
+        logger.debug(f"FW base name: {firmware_base_name}")
+
+        firmware_name = f"{firmware_base_name}.sfi"
+        firmware_path = _find_binary_path(firmware_name)
+        if not firmware_path:
+            logger.warning(f"Firmware file {firmware_name} not found")
+            logger.warning("See https://google.github.io/bumble/drivers/intel.html")
+            return None
+        logger.debug(f"loading firmware from {firmware_path}")
+        firmware_image = firmware_path.read_bytes()
+
+        engine_type = device_info.get(ValueType.SECURE_BOOT_ENGINE_TYPE)
+        if engine_type is None:
+            raise DriverError("secure boot engine type missing")
+        if engine_type not in _BOOT_PARAMS:
+            raise DriverError("secure boot engine type not supported")
+
+        boot_params = _BOOT_PARAMS[engine_type]
+        if len(firmware_image) < boot_params.write_offset:
+            raise DriverError("firmware image too small")
+
+        # Register to receive vendor events.
+        def on_vendor_event(event: hci.HCI_Vendor_Event):
+            logger.debug(f"vendor event: {event}")
+            event_type = event.parameters[0]
+            if event_type == 0x02:
+                # Boot event
+                logger.debug("boot complete")
+                self.reset_complete.set()
+            elif event_type == 0x06:
+                # Firmware load event
+                logger.debug("download complete")
+                self.firmware_load_complete.set()
+            else:
+                logger.debug(f"ignoring vendor event type {event_type}")
+
+        self.host.on("vendor_event", on_vendor_event)
+
+        # We need to temporarily intercept packets from the controller,
+        # because they are formatted as HCI event packets but are received
+        # on the ACL channel, so the host parser would get confused.
+        saved_on_packet = self.host.on_packet
+        self.host.on_packet = self.on_packet  # type: ignore
+        self.firmware_load_complete.clear()
+
+        # Send the CSS header
+        data = firmware_image[
+            boot_params.css_header_offset : boot_params.css_header_offset
+            + boot_params.css_header_size
+        ]
+        await self.send_firmware_data(0x00, data)
+
+        # Send the PKI header
+        data = firmware_image[
+            boot_params.pki_offset : boot_params.pki_offset + boot_params.pki_size
+        ]
+        await self.send_firmware_data(0x03, data)
+
+        # Send the Signature header
+        data = firmware_image[
+            boot_params.sig_offset : boot_params.sig_offset + boot_params.sig_size
+        ]
+        await self.send_firmware_data(0x02, data)
+
+        # Send the rest of the image.
+        # The payload consists of command objects, which are sent when they add up
+        # to a multiple of 4 bytes.
+        boot_address = 0
+        offset = boot_params.write_offset
+        fragment_size = 0
+        while offset + 3 < len(firmware_image):
+            (command_opcode,) = struct.unpack_from(
+                "<H", firmware_image, offset + fragment_size
+            )
+            command_size = firmware_image[offset + fragment_size + 2]
+            if command_opcode == HCI_INTEL_WRITE_BOOT_PARAMS_COMMAND:
+                (boot_address,) = struct.unpack_from(
+                    "<I", firmware_image, offset + fragment_size + 3
+                )
+                logger.debug(
+                    "found HCI_INTEL_WRITE_BOOT_PARAMS_COMMAND, "
+                    f"boot_address={boot_address}"
+                )
+            fragment_size += 3 + command_size
+            if fragment_size % 4 == 0:
+                await self.send_firmware_data(
+                    0x01, firmware_image[offset : offset + fragment_size]
+                )
+                logger.debug(f"sent {fragment_size} bytes")
+                offset += fragment_size
+                fragment_size = 0
+
+        # Wait for the firmware loading to be complete.
+        logger.debug("waiting for firmware to be loaded")
+        await self.firmware_load_complete.wait()
+        logger.debug("firmware loaded")
+
+        # Restore the original packet handler.
+        self.host.on_packet = saved_on_packet  # type: ignore
+
+        # Reset
+        self.reset_complete.clear()
+        self.host.send_hci_packet(
+            HCI_Intel_Reset_Command(
+                reset_type=0x00,
+                patch_enable=0x01,
+                ddc_reload=0x00,
+                boot_option=0x01,
+                boot_address=boot_address,
             )
         )
+        logger.debug("waiting for reset completion")
+        await self.reset_complete.wait()
+        logger.debug("reset complete")
+
+        # Load the device config if there is one.
+        if self.ddc_override:
+            logger.debug("loading overridden DDC")
+            await self.load_device_config(self.ddc_override)
+        else:
+            ddc_name = f"{firmware_base_name}.ddc"
+            ddc_path = _find_binary_path(ddc_name)
+            if ddc_path:
+                logger.debug(f"loading DDC from {ddc_path}")
+                ddc_data = ddc_path.read_bytes()
+                await self.load_device_config(ddc_data)
+        if self.ddc_addon:
+            logger.debug("loading DDC addon")
+            await self.load_device_config(self.ddc_addon)
+
+    async def load_device_config(self, ddc_data: bytes) -> None:
+        while ddc_data:
+            ddc_len = 1 + ddc_data[0]
+            ddc_payload = ddc_data[:ddc_len]
+            await self.host.send_command(
+                Hci_Intel_Write_Device_Config_Command(data=ddc_payload)
+            )
+            ddc_data = ddc_data[ddc_len:]
+
+    async def reboot_bootloader(self) -> None:
+        self.host.send_hci_packet(
+            HCI_Intel_Reset_Command(
+                reset_type=0x01,
+                patch_enable=0x01,
+                ddc_reload=0x01,
+                boot_option=0x00,
+                boot_address=0,
+            )
+        )
+        await asyncio.sleep(_POST_RESET_DELAY)
+
+    async def read_device_info(self) -> dict[ValueType, Any]:
+        self.host.ready = True
+        response = await self.host.send_command(hci.HCI_Reset_Command())
+        if not (
+            isinstance(response, hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event)
+            and response.return_parameters
+            in (hci.HCI_UNKNOWN_HCI_COMMAND_ERROR, hci.HCI_SUCCESS)
+        ):
+            # When the controller is in operational mode, the response is a
+            # successful response.
+            # When the controller is in bootloader mode,
+            # HCI_UNKNOWN_HCI_COMMAND_ERROR is the expected response. Anything
+            # else is a failure.
+            logger.warning(f"unexpected response: {response}")
+            raise DriverError("unexpected HCI response")
+
+        # Read the firmware version.
+        response = await self.host.send_command(
+            HCI_Intel_Read_Version_Command(param0=0xFF)
+        )
+        if not isinstance(response, hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event):
+            raise DriverError("unexpected HCI response")
+
+        if response.return_parameters.status != 0:  # type: ignore
+            raise DriverError("HCI_Intel_Read_Version_Command error")
+
+        tlvs = _parse_tlv(response.return_parameters.tlv)  # type: ignore
+
+        # Convert the list to a dict. That's Ok here because we only expect each type
+        # to appear just once.
+        return dict(tlvs)
+
+    async def init_controller(self):
+        await self.load_firmware()

bumble/gatt.py

@@ -28,12 +28,15 @@ import functools
 import logging
 import struct
 from typing import (
+    Any,
     Callable,
     Dict,
     Iterable,
     List,
     Optional,
     Sequence,
+    SupportsBytes,
+    Type,
     Union,
     TYPE_CHECKING,
 )
@@ -41,6 +44,7 @@ from typing import (
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import BaseBumbleError, UUID
 from bumble.att import Attribute, AttributeValue
+from bumble.utils import ByteSerializable
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.gatt_client import AttributeProxy
@@ -343,7 +347,7 @@ class Service(Attribute):
     def __init__(
         self,
         uuid: Union[str, UUID],
-        characteristics: List[Characteristic],
+        characteristics: Iterable[Characteristic],
         primary=True,
         included_services: Iterable[Service] = (),
     ) -> None:
@@ -362,7 +366,7 @@ class Service(Attribute):
         )
         self.uuid = uuid
         self.included_services = list(included_services)
-        self.characteristics = characteristics[:]
+        self.characteristics = list(characteristics)
         self.primary = primary
 
     def get_advertising_data(self) -> Optional[bytes]:
@@ -393,7 +397,7 @@ class TemplateService(Service):
 
     def __init__(
         self,
-        characteristics: List[Characteristic],
+        characteristics: Iterable[Characteristic],
         primary: bool = True,
         included_services: Iterable[Service] = (),
     ) -> None:
@@ -410,7 +414,7 @@ class IncludedServiceDeclaration(Attribute):
 
     def __init__(self, service: Service) -> None:
         declaration_bytes = struct.pack(
-            '<HH2s', service.handle, service.end_group_handle, service.uuid.to_bytes()
+            '<HH2s', service.handle, service.end_group_handle, bytes(service.uuid)
         )
         super().__init__(
             GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE, Attribute.READABLE, declaration_bytes
@@ -490,7 +494,7 @@ class Characteristic(Attribute):
         uuid: Union[str, bytes, UUID],
         properties: Characteristic.Properties,
         permissions: Union[str, Attribute.Permissions],
-        value: Union[str, bytes, CharacteristicValue] = b'',
+        value: Any = b'',
         descriptors: Sequence[Descriptor] = (),
     ):
         super().__init__(uuid, permissions, value)
@@ -525,7 +529,11 @@ class CharacteristicDeclaration(Attribute):
 
     characteristic: Characteristic
 
-    def __init__(self, characteristic: Characteristic, value_handle: int) -> None:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        characteristic: Characteristic,
+        value_handle: int,
+    ) -> None:
         declaration_bytes = (
             struct.pack('<BH', characteristic.properties, value_handle)
             + characteristic.uuid.to_pdu_bytes()
@@ -705,7 +713,7 @@ class MappedCharacteristicAdapter(PackedCharacteristicAdapter):
     '''
     Adapter that packs/unpacks characteristic values according to a standard
     Python `struct` format.
-    The adapted `read_value` and `write_value` methods return/accept aa dictionary which
+    The adapted `read_value` and `write_value` methods return/accept a dictionary which
     is packed/unpacked according to format, with the arguments extracted from the
     dictionary by key, in the same order as they occur in the `keys` parameter.
     '''
@@ -735,6 +743,24 @@ class UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(CharacteristicAdapter):
         return value.decode('utf-8')
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(CharacteristicAdapter):
+    '''
+    Adapter that converts any class to/from bytes using the class'
+    `to_bytes` and `__bytes__` methods, respectively.
+    '''
+
+    def __init__(self, characteristic, cls: Type[ByteSerializable]):
+        super().__init__(characteristic)
+        self.cls = cls
+
+    def encode_value(self, value: SupportsBytes) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(value)
+
+    def decode_value(self, value: bytes) -> Any:
+        return self.cls.from_bytes(value)
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Descriptor(Attribute):
     '''

bumble/gatt_client.py

@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ class Client:
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Command from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {command}'
         )
-        self.send_gatt_pdu(command.to_bytes())
+        self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(command))
 
     async def send_request(self, request: ATT_PDU):
         logger.debug(
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ class Client:
             self.pending_request = request
 
             try:
-                self.send_gatt_pdu(request.to_bytes())
+                self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(request))
                 response = await asyncio.wait_for(
                     self.pending_response, GATT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT
                 )
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class Client:
             f'GATT Confirmation from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] '
             f'{confirmation}'
         )
-        self.send_gatt_pdu(confirmation.to_bytes())
+        self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(confirmation))
 
     async def request_mtu(self, mtu: int) -> int:
         # Check the range

bumble/gatt_server.py

@@ -28,7 +28,17 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 from collections import defaultdict
 import struct
-from typing import List, Tuple, Optional, TypeVar, Type, Dict, Iterable, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import (
+    Dict,
+    Iterable,
+    List,
+    Optional,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
+    Type,
+    Union,
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
+)
 from pyee import EventEmitter
 
 from bumble.colors import color
@@ -68,6 +78,7 @@ from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
     GATT_SECONDARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     Characteristic,
+    CharacteristicAdapter,
     CharacteristicDeclaration,
     CharacteristicValue,
     IncludedServiceDeclaration,
@@ -353,7 +364,7 @@ class Server(EventEmitter):
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Response from server: [0x{connection.handle:04X}] {response}'
         )
-        self.send_gatt_pdu(connection.handle, response.to_bytes())
+        self.send_gatt_pdu(connection.handle, bytes(response))
 
     async def notify_subscriber(
         self,
@@ -450,7 +461,7 @@ class Server(EventEmitter):
             )
 
             try:
-                self.send_gatt_pdu(connection.handle, indication.to_bytes())
+                self.send_gatt_pdu(connection.handle, bytes(indication))
                 await asyncio.wait_for(pending_confirmation, GATT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT)
             except asyncio.TimeoutError as error:
                 logger.warning(color('!!! GATT Indicate timeout', 'red'))

bumble/hci.py

@@ -915,6 +915,8 @@ HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS = {
     HCI_READ_CURRENT_IAC_LAP_COMMAND                                          : 1 << (11*8+3),
     HCI_WRITE_CURRENT_IAC_LAP_COMMAND                                         : 1 << (11*8+4),
     HCI_SET_AFH_HOST_CHANNEL_CLASSIFICATION_COMMAND                           : 1 << (12*8+1),
+    HCI_LE_CS_READ_REMOTE_FAE_TABLE_COMMAND                                   : 1 << (12*8+2),
+    HCI_LE_CS_WRITE_CACHED_REMOTE_FAE_TABLE_COMMAND                           : 1 << (12*8+3),
     HCI_READ_INQUIRY_SCAN_TYPE_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (12*8+4),
     HCI_WRITE_INQUIRY_SCAN_TYPE_COMMAND                                       : 1 << (12*8+5),
     HCI_READ_INQUIRY_MODE_COMMAND                                             : 1 << (12*8+6),
@@ -940,6 +942,8 @@ HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS = {
     HCI_SETUP_SYNCHRONOUS_CONNECTION_COMMAND                                  : 1 << (16*8+3),
     HCI_ACCEPT_SYNCHRONOUS_CONNECTION_REQUEST_COMMAND                         : 1 << (16*8+4),
     HCI_REJECT_SYNCHRONOUS_CONNECTION_REQUEST_COMMAND                         : 1 << (16*8+5),
+    HCI_LE_CS_CREATE_CONFIG_COMMAND                                           : 1 << (16*8+6),
+    HCI_LE_CS_REMOVE_CONFIG_COMMAND                                           : 1 << (16*8+7),
     HCI_READ_EXTENDED_INQUIRY_RESPONSE_COMMAND                                : 1 << (17*8+0),
     HCI_WRITE_EXTENDED_INQUIRY_RESPONSE_COMMAND                               : 1 << (17*8+1),
     HCI_REFRESH_ENCRYPTION_KEY_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (17*8+2),
@@ -963,13 +967,20 @@ HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS = {
     HCI_SEND_KEYPRESS_NOTIFICATION_COMMAND                                    : 1 << (20*8+2),
     HCI_IO_CAPABILITY_REQUEST_NEGATIVE_REPLY_COMMAND                          : 1 << (20*8+3),
     HCI_READ_ENCRYPTION_KEY_SIZE_COMMAND                                      : 1 << (20*8+4),
+    HCI_LE_CS_READ_LOCAL_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES_COMMAND                       : 1 << (20*8+5),
+    HCI_LE_CS_READ_REMOTE_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES_COMMAND                      : 1 << (20*8+6),
+    HCI_LE_CS_WRITE_CACHED_REMOTE_SUPPORTED_CAPABILITIES                      : 1 << (20*8+7),
     HCI_SET_EVENT_MASK_PAGE_2_COMMAND                                         : 1 << (22*8+2),
     HCI_READ_FLOW_CONTROL_MODE_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (23*8+0),
     HCI_WRITE_FLOW_CONTROL_MODE_COMMAND                                       : 1 << (23*8+1),
     HCI_READ_DATA_BLOCK_SIZE_COMMAND                                          : 1 << (23*8+2),
+    HCI_LE_CS_TEST_COMMAND                                                    : 1 << (23*8+3),
+    HCI_LE_CS_TEST_END_COMMAND                                                : 1 << (23*8+4),
     HCI_READ_ENHANCED_TRANSMIT_POWER_LEVEL_COMMAND                            : 1 << (24*8+0),
+    HCI_LE_CS_SECURITY_ENABLE_COMMAND                                         : 1 << (24*8+1),
     HCI_READ_LE_HOST_SUPPORT_COMMAND                                          : 1 << (24*8+5),
     HCI_WRITE_LE_HOST_SUPPORT_COMMAND                                         : 1 << (24*8+6),
+    HCI_LE_CS_SET_DEFAULT_SETTINGS_COMMAND                                    : 1 << (24*8+7),
     HCI_LE_SET_EVENT_MASK_COMMAND                                             : 1 << (25*8+0),
     HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND                                           : 1 << (25*8+1),
     HCI_LE_READ_LOCAL_SUPPORTED_FEATURES_COMMAND                              : 1 << (25*8+2),
@@ -1000,6 +1011,10 @@ HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS = {
     HCI_LE_RECEIVER_TEST_COMMAND                                              : 1 << (28*8+4),
     HCI_LE_TRANSMITTER_TEST_COMMAND                                           : 1 << (28*8+5),
     HCI_LE_TEST_END_COMMAND                                                   : 1 << (28*8+6),
+    HCI_LE_ENABLE_MONITORING_ADVERTISERS_COMMAND                              : 1 << (28*8+7),
+    HCI_LE_CS_SET_CHANNEL_CLASSIFICATION_COMMAND                              : 1 << (29*8+0),
+    HCI_LE_CS_SET_PROCEDURE_PARAMETERS_COMMAND                                : 1 << (29*8+1),
+    HCI_LE_CS_PROCEDURE_ENABLE_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (29*8+2),
     HCI_ENHANCED_SETUP_SYNCHRONOUS_CONNECTION_COMMAND                         : 1 << (29*8+3),
     HCI_ENHANCED_ACCEPT_SYNCHRONOUS_CONNECTION_REQUEST_COMMAND                : 1 << (29*8+4),
     HCI_READ_LOCAL_SUPPORTED_CODECS_COMMAND                                   : 1 << (29*8+5),
@@ -1136,11 +1151,21 @@ HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS = {
     HCI_LE_SET_DEFAULT_SUBRATE_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (46*8+0),
     HCI_LE_SUBRATE_REQUEST_COMMAND                                            : 1 << (46*8+1),
     HCI_LE_SET_EXTENDED_ADVERTISING_PARAMETERS_V2_COMMAND                     : 1 << (46*8+2),
+    HCI_LE_SET_DECISION_DATA_COMMAND                                          : 1 << (46*8+3),
+    HCI_LE_SET_DECISION_INSTRUCTIONS_COMMAND                                  : 1 << (46*8+4),
     HCI_LE_SET_PERIODIC_ADVERTISING_SUBEVENT_DATA_COMMAND                     : 1 << (46*8+5),
     HCI_LE_SET_PERIODIC_ADVERTISING_RESPONSE_DATA_COMMAND                     : 1 << (46*8+6),
     HCI_LE_SET_PERIODIC_SYNC_SUBEVENT_COMMAND                                 : 1 << (46*8+7),
     HCI_LE_EXTENDED_CREATE_CONNECTION_V2_COMMAND                              : 1 << (47*8+0),
     HCI_LE_SET_PERIODIC_ADVERTISING_PARAMETERS_V2_COMMAND                     : 1 << (47*8+1),
+    HCI_LE_READ_ALL_LOCAL_SUPPORTED_FEATURES_COMMAND                          : 1 << (47*8+2),
+    HCI_LE_READ_ALL_REMOTE_FEATURES_COMMAND                                   : 1 << (47*8+3),
+    HCI_LE_SET_HOST_FEATURE_V2_COMMAND                                        : 1 << (47*8+4),
+    HCI_LE_ADD_DEVICE_TO_MONITORED_ADVERTISERS_LIST_COMMAND                   : 1 << (47*8+5),
+    HCI_LE_REMOVE_DEVICE_FROM_MONITORED_ADVERTISERS_LIST_COMMAND              : 1 << (47*8+6),
+    HCI_LE_CLEAR_MONITORED_ADVERTISERS_LIST_COMMAND                           : 1 << (47*8+7),
+    HCI_LE_READ_MONITORED_ADVERTISERS_LIST_SIZE_COMMAND                       : 1 << (48*8+0),
+    HCI_LE_FRAME_SPACE_UPDATE_COMMAND                                         : 1 << (48*8+1),
 }
 
 # LE Supported Features
@@ -1457,7 +1482,7 @@ class CodingFormat:
     vendor_specific_codec_id: int = 0
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_from_bytes(cls, data: bytes, offset: int):
+    def parse_from_bytes(cls, data: bytes, offset: int) -> tuple[int, CodingFormat]:
         (codec_id, company_id, vendor_specific_codec_id) = struct.unpack_from(
             '<BHH', data, offset
         )
@@ -1467,14 +1492,15 @@ class CodingFormat:
             vendor_specific_codec_id=vendor_specific_codec_id,
         )
 
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> CodingFormat:
+        return cls.parse_from_bytes(data, 0)[1]
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return struct.pack(
             '<BHH', self.codec_id, self.company_id, self.vendor_specific_codec_id
         )
 
-    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HCI_Constant:
@@ -1691,7 +1717,7 @@ class HCI_Object:
             field_length = len(field_bytes)
             field_bytes = bytes([field_length]) + field_bytes
         elif isinstance(field_value, (bytes, bytearray)) or hasattr(
-            field_value, 'to_bytes'
+            field_value, '__bytes__'
         ):
             field_bytes = bytes(field_value)
             if isinstance(field_type, int) and 4 < field_type <= 256:
@@ -1736,7 +1762,7 @@ class HCI_Object:
     def from_bytes(cls, data, offset, fields):
         return cls(fields, **cls.dict_from_bytes(data, offset, fields))
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def __bytes__(self):
         return HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
 
     @staticmethod
@@ -1831,9 +1857,6 @@ class HCI_Object:
             for field_name, field_value in field_strings
         )
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __init__(self, fields, **kwargs):
         self.fields = fields
         self.init_from_fields(self, fields, kwargs)
@@ -2008,9 +2031,6 @@ class Address:
     def is_static(self):
         return self.is_random and (self.address_bytes[5] >> 6 == 3)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
-        return self.address_bytes
-
     def to_string(self, with_type_qualifier=True):
         '''
         String representation of the address, MSB first, with an optional type
@@ -2022,7 +2042,7 @@ class Address:
         return result + '/P'
 
     def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
+        return self.address_bytes
 
     def __hash__(self):
         return hash(self.address_bytes)
@@ -2228,16 +2248,13 @@ class HCI_Command(HCI_Packet):
         self.op_code = op_code
         self.parameters = parameters
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def __bytes__(self):
         parameters = b'' if self.parameters is None else self.parameters
         return (
             struct.pack('<BHB', HCI_COMMAND_PACKET, self.op_code, len(parameters))
             + parameters
         )
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'green')
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
@@ -4302,6 +4319,61 @@ class HCI_LE_Clear_Advertising_Sets_Command(HCI_Command):
     '''
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command(
+    [
+        ('advertising_handle', 1),
+        ('periodic_advertising_interval_min', 2),
+        ('periodic_advertising_interval_max', 2),
+        ('periodic_advertising_properties', 2),
+    ]
+)
+class HCI_LE_Set_Periodic_Advertising_Parameters_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.61 LE Set Periodic Advertising Parameters command
+    '''
+
+    class Properties(enum.IntFlag):
+        INCLUDE_TX_POWER = 1 << 6
+
+    advertising_handle: int
+    periodic_advertising_interval_min: int
+    periodic_advertising_interval_max: int
+    periodic_advertising_properties: int
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Command.command(
+    [
+        ('advertising_handle', 1),
+        (
+            'operation',
+            {
+                'size': 1,
+                'mapper': lambda x: HCI_LE_Set_Extended_Advertising_Data_Command.Operation(
+                    x
+                ).name,
+            },
+        ),
+        (
+            'advertising_data',
+            {
+                'parser': HCI_Object.parse_length_prefixed_bytes,
+                'serializer': HCI_Object.serialize_length_prefixed_bytes,
+            },
+        ),
+    ]
+)
+class HCI_LE_Set_Periodic_Advertising_Data_Command(HCI_Command):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 7.8.62 LE Set Periodic Advertising Data command
+    '''
+
+    advertising_handle: int
+    operation: int
+    advertising_data: bytes
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_Command.command([('enable', 1), ('advertising_handle', 1)])
 class HCI_LE_Set_Periodic_Advertising_Enable_Command(HCI_Command):
@@ -4996,6 +5068,7 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
     hci_packet_type = HCI_EVENT_PACKET
     event_names: Dict[int, str] = {}
     event_classes: Dict[int, Type[HCI_Event]] = {}
+    vendor_factory: Optional[Callable[[bytes], Optional[HCI_Event]]] = None
 
     @staticmethod
     def event(fields=()):
@@ -5053,37 +5126,41 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
 
         return event_class
 
-    @staticmethod
-    def from_bytes(packet: bytes) -> HCI_Event:
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, packet: bytes) -> HCI_Event:
         event_code = packet[1]
         length = packet[2]
         parameters = packet[3:]
         if len(parameters) != length:
             raise InvalidPacketError('invalid packet length')
 
-        cls: Any
+        subclass: Any
         if event_code == HCI_LE_META_EVENT:
             # We do this dispatch here and not in the subclass in order to avoid call
             # loops
             subevent_code = parameters[0]
-            cls = HCI_LE_Meta_Event.subevent_classes.get(subevent_code)
-            if cls is None:
+            subclass = HCI_LE_Meta_Event.subevent_classes.get(subevent_code)
+            if subclass is None:
                 # No class registered, just use a generic class instance
                 return HCI_LE_Meta_Event(subevent_code, parameters)
         elif event_code == HCI_VENDOR_EVENT:
-            subevent_code = parameters[0]
-            cls = HCI_Vendor_Event.subevent_classes.get(subevent_code)
-            if cls is None:
-                # No class registered, just use a generic class instance
-                return HCI_Vendor_Event(subevent_code, parameters)
+            # Invoke all the registered factories to see if any of them can handle
+            # the event
+            if cls.vendor_factory:
+                if event := cls.vendor_factory(parameters):
+                    return event
+
+            # No factory, or the factory could not create an instance,
+            # return a generic vendor event
+            return HCI_Event(event_code, parameters)
         else:
-            cls = HCI_Event.event_classes.get(event_code)
-            if cls is None:
+            subclass = HCI_Event.event_classes.get(event_code)
+            if subclass is None:
                 # No class registered, just use a generic class instance
                 return HCI_Event(event_code, parameters)
 
         # Invoke the factory to create a new instance
-        return cls.from_parameters(parameters)  # type: ignore
+        return subclass.from_parameters(parameters)  # type: ignore
 
     @classmethod
     def from_parameters(cls, parameters):
@@ -5106,13 +5183,10 @@ class HCI_Event(HCI_Packet):
         self.event_code = event_code
         self.parameters = parameters
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def __bytes__(self):
         parameters = b'' if self.parameters is None else self.parameters
         return bytes([HCI_EVENT_PACKET, self.event_code, len(parameters)]) + parameters
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'magenta')
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
@@ -5129,11 +5203,11 @@ HCI_Event.register_events(globals())
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HCI_Extended_Event(HCI_Event):
     '''
-    HCI_Event subclass for events that has a subevent code.
+    HCI_Event subclass for events that have a subevent code.
     '''
 
     subevent_names: Dict[int, str] = {}
-    subevent_classes: Dict[int, Type[HCI_Extended_Event]]
+    subevent_classes: Dict[int, Type[HCI_Extended_Event]] = {}
 
     @classmethod
     def event(cls, fields=()):
@@ -5184,7 +5258,22 @@ class HCI_Extended_Event(HCI_Event):
         cls.subevent_names.update(cls.subevent_map(symbols))
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_parameters(cls, parameters):
+    def subclass_from_parameters(
+        cls, parameters: bytes
+    ) -> Optional[HCI_Extended_Event]:
+        """
+        Factory method that parses the subevent code, finds a registered subclass,
+        and creates an instance if found.
+        """
+        subevent_code = parameters[0]
+        if subclass := cls.subevent_classes.get(subevent_code):
+            return subclass.from_parameters(parameters)
+
+        return None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_parameters(cls, parameters: bytes) -> HCI_Extended_Event:
+        """Factory method for subclasses (the subevent code has already been parsed)"""
         self = cls.__new__(cls)
         HCI_Extended_Event.__init__(self, self.subevent_code, parameters)
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
@@ -5225,12 +5314,6 @@ class HCI_LE_Meta_Event(HCI_Extended_Event):
 HCI_LE_Meta_Event.register_subevents(globals())
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class HCI_Vendor_Event(HCI_Extended_Event):
-    event_code: int = HCI_VENDOR_EVENT
-    subevent_classes = {}
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @HCI_LE_Meta_Event.event(
     [
@@ -6104,8 +6187,9 @@ class HCI_Command_Complete_Event(HCI_Event):
     See Bluetooth spec @ 7.7.14 Command Complete Event
     '''
 
-    return_parameters = b''
+    num_hci_command_packets: int
     command_opcode: int
+    return_parameters = b''
 
     def map_return_parameters(self, return_parameters):
         '''Map simple 'status' return parameters to their named constant form'''
@@ -6641,6 +6725,14 @@ class HCI_Remote_Host_Supported_Features_Notification_Event(HCI_Event):
     '''
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Event.event([('data', "*")])
+class HCI_Vendor_Event(HCI_Event):
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec @ 5.4.4 HCI Event packet
+    '''
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class HCI_AclDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
     '''
@@ -6663,7 +6755,7 @@ class HCI_AclDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
             connection_handle, pb_flag, bc_flag, data_total_length, data
         )
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
+    def __bytes__(self):
         h = (self.pb_flag << 12) | (self.bc_flag << 14) | self.connection_handle
         return (
             struct.pack('<BHH', HCI_ACL_DATA_PACKET, h, self.data_total_length)
@@ -6677,9 +6769,6 @@ class HCI_AclDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
         self.data_total_length = data_total_length
         self.data = data
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __str__(self):
         return (
             f'{color("ACL", "blue")}: '
@@ -6713,7 +6802,7 @@ class HCI_SynchronousDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
             connection_handle, packet_status, data_total_length, data
         )
 
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         h = (self.packet_status << 12) | self.connection_handle
         return (
             struct.pack('<BHB', HCI_SYNCHRONOUS_DATA_PACKET, h, self.data_total_length)
@@ -6732,9 +6821,6 @@ class HCI_SynchronousDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
         self.data_total_length = data_total_length
         self.data = data
 
-    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return (
             f'{color("SCO", "blue")}: '
@@ -6807,9 +6893,6 @@ class HCI_IsoDataPacket(HCI_Packet):
         )
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
         fmt = '<BHH'
         args = [
             HCI_ISO_DATA_PACKET,

bumble/hfp.py

@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ class HfFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     """
     HF supported features (AT+BRSF=) (normative).
 
-    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 4.34.2, AT Capabilities Re-Used from GSM 07.07 and 3GPP 27.007.
+    Hands-Free Profile v1.9, 4.34.2, AT Capabilities Re-Used from GSM 07.07 and 3GPP 27.007.
     """
 
     EC_NR = 0x001  # Echo Cancel & Noise reduction
@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@ class HfFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     HF_INDICATORS = 0x100
     ESCO_S4_SETTINGS_SUPPORTED = 0x200
     ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS = 0x400
-    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST = 0x800
+    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT = 0x800
 
 
 class AgFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     """
     AG supported features (+BRSF:) (normative).
 
-    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 4.34.2, AT Capabilities Re-Used from GSM 07.07 and 3GPP 27.007.
+    Hands-Free Profile v1.9, 4.34.2, AT Capabilities Re-Used from GSM 07.07 and 3GPP 27.007.
     """
 
     THREE_WAY_CALLING = 0x001
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ class AgFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     HF_INDICATORS = 0x400
     ESCO_S4_SETTINGS_SUPPORTED = 0x800
     ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS = 0x1000
-    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST = 0x2000
+    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT = 0x2000
 
 
 class AudioCodec(enum.IntEnum):
@@ -1390,6 +1390,7 @@ class AgProtocol(pyee.EventEmitter):
 
     def _on_bac(self, *args) -> None:
         self.supported_audio_codecs = [AudioCodec(int(value)) for value in args]
+        self.emit('supported_audio_codecs', self.supported_audio_codecs)
         self.send_ok()
 
     def _on_bcs(self, codec: bytes) -> None:
@@ -1618,7 +1619,7 @@ class ProfileVersion(enum.IntEnum):
     """
     Profile version (normative).
 
-    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 5.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
+    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 6.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
     """
 
     V1_5 = 0x0105
@@ -1632,7 +1633,7 @@ class HfSdpFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     """
     HF supported features (normative).
 
-    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 5.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
+    Hands-Free Profile v1.9, 6.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
     """
 
     EC_NR = 0x01  # Echo Cancel & Noise reduction
@@ -1640,16 +1641,17 @@ class HfSdpFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     CLI_PRESENTATION_CAPABILITY = 0x04
     VOICE_RECOGNITION_ACTIVATION = 0x08
     REMOTE_VOLUME_CONTROL = 0x10
-    WIDE_BAND = 0x20  # Wide band speech
+    WIDE_BAND_SPEECH = 0x20
     ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS = 0x40
-    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST = 0x80
+    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT = 0x80
+    SUPER_WIDE_BAND = 0x100
 
 
 class AgSdpFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     """
     AG supported features (normative).
 
-    Hands-Free Profile v1.8, 5.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
+    Hands-Free Profile v1.9, 6.3 SDP Interoperability Requirements.
     """
 
     THREE_WAY_CALLING = 0x01
@@ -1657,9 +1659,10 @@ class AgSdpFeature(enum.IntFlag):
     VOICE_RECOGNITION_FUNCTION = 0x04
     IN_BAND_RING_TONE_CAPABILITY = 0x08
     VOICE_TAG = 0x10  # Attach a number to voice tag
-    WIDE_BAND = 0x20  # Wide band speech
+    WIDE_BAND_SPEECH = 0x20
     ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS = 0x40
-    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST = 0x80
+    VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT = 0x80
+    SUPER_WIDE_BAND_SPEED_SPEECH = 0x100
 
 
 def make_hf_sdp_records(
@@ -1692,11 +1695,11 @@ def make_hf_sdp_records(
         in configuration.supported_hf_features
     ):
         hf_supported_features |= HfSdpFeature.ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS
-    if HfFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST in configuration.supported_hf_features:
-        hf_supported_features |= HfSdpFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST
+    if HfFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT in configuration.supported_hf_features:
+        hf_supported_features |= HfSdpFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT
 
     if AudioCodec.MSBC in configuration.supported_audio_codecs:
-        hf_supported_features |= HfSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND
+        hf_supported_features |= HfSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND_SPEECH
 
     return [
         sdp.ServiceAttribute(
@@ -1772,14 +1775,14 @@ def make_ag_sdp_records(
         in configuration.supported_ag_features
     ):
         ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.ENHANCED_VOICE_RECOGNITION_STATUS
-    if AgFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST in configuration.supported_ag_features:
-        ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEST
+    if AgFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT in configuration.supported_ag_features:
+        ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_TEXT
     if AgFeature.IN_BAND_RING_TONE_CAPABILITY in configuration.supported_ag_features:
         ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.IN_BAND_RING_TONE_CAPABILITY
     if AgFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_FUNCTION in configuration.supported_ag_features:
         ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.VOICE_RECOGNITION_FUNCTION
     if AudioCodec.MSBC in configuration.supported_audio_codecs:
-        ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND
+        ag_supported_features |= AgSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND_SPEECH
 
     return [
         sdp.ServiceAttribute(

bumble/host.py

@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@ class Host(AbortableEventEmitter):
         check_address_type: bool = False,
     ) -> Optional[Connection]:
         for connection in self.connections.values():
-            if connection.peer_address.to_bytes() == bd_addr.to_bytes():
+            if bytes(connection.peer_address) == bytes(bd_addr):
                 if (
                     check_address_type
                     and connection.peer_address.address_type != bd_addr.address_type
@@ -552,7 +552,7 @@ class Host(AbortableEventEmitter):
 
                 return response
             except Exception as error:
-                logger.warning(
+                logger.exception(
                     f'{color("!!! Exception while sending command:", "red")} {error}'
                 )
                 raise error
@@ -1248,3 +1248,6 @@ class Host(AbortableEventEmitter):
                 event.connection_handle,
                 int.from_bytes(event.le_features, 'little'),
             )
+
+    def on_hci_vendor_event(self, event):
+        self.emit('vendor_event', event)

bumble/l2cap.py

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ class L2CAP_PDU:
 
         return L2CAP_PDU(l2cap_pdu_cid, l2cap_pdu_payload)
 
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         header = struct.pack('<HH', len(self.payload), self.cid)
         return header + self.payload
 
@@ -233,9 +233,6 @@ class L2CAP_PDU:
         self.cid = cid
         self.payload = payload
 
-    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.to_bytes()
-
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f'{color("L2CAP", "green")} [CID={self.cid}]: {self.payload.hex()}'
 
@@ -333,11 +330,8 @@ class L2CAP_Control_Frame:
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
-    def to_bytes(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.pdu
-
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.to_bytes()
+        return self.pdu
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
         result = f'{color(self.name, "yellow")} [ID={self.identifier}]'

bumble/pairing.py

@@ -139,16 +139,19 @@ class PairingDelegate:
     io_capability: IoCapability
     local_initiator_key_distribution: KeyDistribution
     local_responder_key_distribution: KeyDistribution
+    maximum_encryption_key_size: int
 
     def __init__(
         self,
         io_capability: IoCapability = NO_OUTPUT_NO_INPUT,
         local_initiator_key_distribution: KeyDistribution = DEFAULT_KEY_DISTRIBUTION,
         local_responder_key_distribution: KeyDistribution = DEFAULT_KEY_DISTRIBUTION,
+        maximum_encryption_key_size: int = 16,
     ) -> None:
         self.io_capability = io_capability
         self.local_initiator_key_distribution = local_initiator_key_distribution
         self.local_responder_key_distribution = local_responder_key_distribution
+        self.maximum_encryption_key_size = maximum_encryption_key_size
 
     @property
     def classic_io_capability(self) -> int:

bumble/pandora/host.py

@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ from bumble.device import (
     AdvertisingEventProperties,
     AdvertisingType,
     Device,
-    Phy,
 )
 from bumble.gatt import Service
 from bumble.hci import (
@@ -47,6 +46,7 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
     HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
     Address,
+    Phy,
 )
 from google.protobuf import any_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from google.protobuf import empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error

bumble/profiles/aics.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
 import logging
 import struct
 
@@ -28,10 +29,11 @@ from bumble.device import Connection
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
 from bumble.gatt import (
     Characteristic,
-    DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,
+    SerializableCharacteristicAdapter,
+    PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
     TemplateService,
     CharacteristicValue,
-    PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
+    UTF8CharacteristicAdapter,
     GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_SERVICE,
     GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ class AudioInputStatus(OpenIntEnum):
     Cf. 3.4 Audio Input Status
     '''
 
-    INATIVE = 0x00
+    INACTIVE = 0x00
     ACTIVE = 0x01
 
 
@@ -104,7 +106,7 @@ class AudioInputControlPointOpCode(OpenIntEnum):
     Cf. 3.5.1 Audio Input Control Point procedure requirements
     '''
 
-    SET_GAIN_SETTING = 0x00
+    SET_GAIN_SETTING = 0x01
     UNMUTE = 0x02
     MUTE = 0x03
     SET_MANUAL_GAIN_MODE = 0x04
@@ -154,9 +156,6 @@ class AudioInputState:
             attribute=self.attribute_value, value=bytes(self)
         )
 
-    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
-        return bytes(self)
-
 
 @dataclass
 class GainSettingsProperties:
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ class GainSettingsProperties:
         (gain_settings_unit, gain_settings_minimum, gain_settings_maximum) = (
             struct.unpack('BBB', data)
         )
-        GainSettingsProperties(
+        return GainSettingsProperties(
             gain_settings_unit, gain_settings_minimum, gain_settings_maximum
         )
 
@@ -186,9 +185,6 @@ class GainSettingsProperties:
             ]
         )
 
-    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
-        return bytes(self)
-
 
 @dataclass
 class AudioInputControlPoint:
@@ -239,7 +235,7 @@ class AudioInputControlPoint:
             or gain_settings_operand
             > self.gain_settings_properties.gain_settings_maximum
         ):
-            logger.error("gain_seetings value out of range")
+            logger.error("gain_settings value out of range")
             raise ATT_Error(ErrorCode.VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE)
 
         if self.audio_input_state.gain_settings != gain_settings_operand:
@@ -321,21 +317,14 @@ class AudioInputDescription:
     audio_input_description: str = "Bluetooth"
     attribute_value: Optional[CharacteristicValue] = None
 
-    @classmethod
-    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes):
-        return cls(audio_input_description=data.decode('utf-8'))
+    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> str:
+        return self.audio_input_description
 
-    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return self.audio_input_description.encode('utf-8')
-
-    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
-        return self.audio_input_description.encode('utf-8')
-
-    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: str) -> None:
         assert connection
         assert self.attribute_value
 
-        self.audio_input_description = value.decode('utf-8')
+        self.audio_input_description = value
         await connection.device.notify_subscribers(
             attribute=self.attribute_value, value=value
         )
@@ -375,26 +364,29 @@ class AICSService(TemplateService):
             self.audio_input_state, self.gain_settings_properties
         )
 
-        self.audio_input_state_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+        self.audio_input_state_characteristic = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
             Characteristic(
                 uuid=GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
                 properties=Characteristic.Properties.READ
                 | Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY,
                 permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
-                value=CharacteristicValue(read=self.audio_input_state.on_read),
+                value=self.audio_input_state,
             ),
-            encode=lambda value: bytes(value),
+            AudioInputState,
         )
         self.audio_input_state.attribute_value = (
             self.audio_input_state_characteristic.value
         )
 
-        self.gain_settings_properties_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
-            Characteristic(
-                uuid=GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-                properties=Characteristic.Properties.READ,
-                permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
-                value=CharacteristicValue(read=self.gain_settings_properties.on_read),
+        self.gain_settings_properties_characteristic = (
+            SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+                Characteristic(
+                    uuid=GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                    properties=Characteristic.Properties.READ,
+                    permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
+                    value=self.gain_settings_properties,
+                ),
+                GainSettingsProperties,
             )
         )
 
@@ -402,7 +394,7 @@ class AICSService(TemplateService):
             uuid=GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC,
             properties=Characteristic.Properties.READ,
             permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
-            value=audio_input_type,
+            value=bytes(audio_input_type, 'utf-8'),
         )
 
         self.audio_input_status_characteristic = Characteristic(
@@ -412,18 +404,14 @@ class AICSService(TemplateService):
             value=bytes([self.audio_input_status]),
         )
 
-        self.audio_input_control_point_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
-            Characteristic(
-                uuid=GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-                properties=Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
-                permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
-                value=CharacteristicValue(
-                    write=self.audio_input_control_point.on_write
-                ),
-            )
+        self.audio_input_control_point_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            uuid=GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            properties=Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
+            value=CharacteristicValue(write=self.audio_input_control_point.on_write),
         )
 
-        self.audio_input_description_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+        self.audio_input_description_characteristic = UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(
             Characteristic(
                 uuid=GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
                 properties=Characteristic.Properties.READ
@@ -469,8 +457,8 @@ class AICSServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
             )
         ):
             raise gatt.InvalidServiceError("Audio Input State Characteristic not found")
-        self.audio_input_state = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
-            characteristic=characteristics[0], decode=AudioInputState.from_bytes
+        self.audio_input_state = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+            characteristics[0], AudioInputState
         )
 
         if not (
@@ -481,9 +469,8 @@ class AICSServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
             raise gatt.InvalidServiceError(
                 "Gain Settings Attribute Characteristic not found"
             )
-        self.gain_settings_properties = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(
-            characteristics[0],
-            'BBB',
+        self.gain_settings_properties = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+            characteristics[0], GainSettingsProperties
         )
 
         if not (
@@ -494,10 +481,7 @@ class AICSServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
             raise gatt.InvalidServiceError(
                 "Audio Input Status Characteristic not found"
             )
-        self.audio_input_status = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(
-            characteristics[0],
-            'B',
-        )
+        self.audio_input_status = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[0], 'B')
 
         if not (
             characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
@@ -517,4 +501,4 @@ class AICSServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
             raise gatt.InvalidServiceError(
                 "Audio Input Description Characteristic not found"
             )
-        self.audio_input_description = characteristics[0]
+        self.audio_input_description = UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[0])

bumble/profiles/bap.py

@@ -265,7 +265,7 @@ class UnicastServerAdvertisingData:
                         core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
                         struct.pack(
                             '<2sBIB',
-                            gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE.to_bytes(),
+                            bytes(gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE),
                             self.announcement_type,
                             self.available_audio_contexts,
                             len(self.metadata),
@@ -398,18 +398,21 @@ class CodecSpecificConfiguration:
         OCTETS_PER_FRAME         = 0x04
         CODEC_FRAMES_PER_SDU     = 0x05
 
-    sampling_frequency: SamplingFrequency
-    frame_duration: FrameDuration
-    audio_channel_allocation: AudioLocation
-    octets_per_codec_frame: int
-    codec_frames_per_sdu: int
+    sampling_frequency: SamplingFrequency | None = None
+    frame_duration: FrameDuration | None = None
+    audio_channel_allocation: AudioLocation | None = None
+    octets_per_codec_frame: int | None = None
+    codec_frames_per_sdu: int | None = None
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> CodecSpecificConfiguration:
         offset = 0
-        # Allowed default values.
-        audio_channel_allocation = AudioLocation.NOT_ALLOWED
-        codec_frames_per_sdu = 1
+        sampling_frequency: SamplingFrequency | None = None
+        frame_duration: FrameDuration | None = None
+        audio_channel_allocation: AudioLocation | None = None
+        octets_per_codec_frame: int | None = None
+        codec_frames_per_sdu: int | None = None
+
         while offset < len(data):
             length, type = struct.unpack_from('BB', data, offset)
             offset += 2
@@ -427,8 +430,6 @@ class CodecSpecificConfiguration:
             elif type == CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.CODEC_FRAMES_PER_SDU:
                 codec_frames_per_sdu = value
 
-        # It is expected here that if some fields are missing, an error should be raised.
-        # pylint: disable=possibly-used-before-assignment,used-before-assignment
         return CodecSpecificConfiguration(
             sampling_frequency=sampling_frequency,
             frame_duration=frame_duration,
@@ -438,23 +439,43 @@ class CodecSpecificConfiguration:
         )
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
-        return struct.pack(
-            '<BBBBBBBBIBBHBBB',
-            2,
-            CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.SAMPLING_FREQUENCY,
-            self.sampling_frequency,
-            2,
-            CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.FRAME_DURATION,
-            self.frame_duration,
-            5,
-            CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.AUDIO_CHANNEL_ALLOCATION,
-            self.audio_channel_allocation,
-            3,
-            CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.OCTETS_PER_FRAME,
-            self.octets_per_codec_frame,
-            2,
-            CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.CODEC_FRAMES_PER_SDU,
-            self.codec_frames_per_sdu,
+        return b''.join(
+            [
+                struct.pack(fmt, length, tag, value)
+                for fmt, length, tag, value in [
+                    (
+                        '<BBB',
+                        2,
+                        CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.SAMPLING_FREQUENCY,
+                        self.sampling_frequency,
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        '<BBB',
+                        2,
+                        CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.FRAME_DURATION,
+                        self.frame_duration,
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        '<BBI',
+                        5,
+                        CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.AUDIO_CHANNEL_ALLOCATION,
+                        self.audio_channel_allocation,
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        '<BBH',
+                        3,
+                        CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.OCTETS_PER_FRAME,
+                        self.octets_per_codec_frame,
+                    ),
+                    (
+                        '<BBB',
+                        2,
+                        CodecSpecificConfiguration.Type.CODEC_FRAMES_PER_SDU,
+                        self.codec_frames_per_sdu,
+                    ),
+                ]
+                if value is not None
+            ]
         )
 
 
@@ -466,6 +487,24 @@ class BroadcastAudioAnnouncement:
     def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self:
         return cls(int.from_bytes(data[:3], 'little'))
 
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.broadcast_id.to_bytes(3, 'little')
+
+    def get_advertising_data(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(
+            core.AdvertisingData(
+                [
+                    (
+                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        (
+                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
+                            + bytes(self)
+                        ),
+                    )
+                ]
+            )
+        )
+
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
@@ -474,26 +513,37 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
         index: int
         codec_specific_configuration: CodecSpecificConfiguration
 
-    @dataclasses.dataclass
-    class CodecInfo:
-        coding_format: hci.CodecID
-        company_id: int
-        vendor_specific_codec_id: int
-
-        @classmethod
-        def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self:
-            coding_format = hci.CodecID(data[0])
-            company_id = int.from_bytes(data[1:3], 'little')
-            vendor_specific_codec_id = int.from_bytes(data[3:5], 'little')
-            return cls(coding_format, company_id, vendor_specific_codec_id)
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            codec_specific_configuration_bytes = bytes(
+                self.codec_specific_configuration
+            )
+            return (
+                bytes([self.index, len(codec_specific_configuration_bytes)])
+                + codec_specific_configuration_bytes
+            )
 
     @dataclasses.dataclass
     class Subgroup:
-        codec_id: BasicAudioAnnouncement.CodecInfo
+        codec_id: hci.CodingFormat
         codec_specific_configuration: CodecSpecificConfiguration
         metadata: le_audio.Metadata
         bis: List[BasicAudioAnnouncement.BIS]
 
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            metadata_bytes = bytes(self.metadata)
+            codec_specific_configuration_bytes = bytes(
+                self.codec_specific_configuration
+            )
+            return (
+                bytes([len(self.bis)])
+                + bytes(self.codec_id)
+                + bytes([len(codec_specific_configuration_bytes)])
+                + codec_specific_configuration_bytes
+                + bytes([len(metadata_bytes)])
+                + metadata_bytes
+                + b''.join(map(bytes, self.bis))
+            )
+
     presentation_delay: int
     subgroups: List[BasicAudioAnnouncement.Subgroup]
 
@@ -505,7 +555,7 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
         for _ in range(data[3]):
             num_bis = data[offset]
             offset += 1
-            codec_id = cls.CodecInfo.from_bytes(data[offset : offset + 5])
+            codec_id = hci.CodingFormat.from_bytes(data[offset : offset + 5])
             offset += 5
             codec_specific_configuration_length = data[offset]
             offset += 1
@@ -549,3 +599,25 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
             )
 
         return cls(presentation_delay, subgroups)
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return (
+            self.presentation_delay.to_bytes(3, 'little')
+            + bytes([len(self.subgroups)])
+            + b''.join(map(bytes, self.subgroups))
+        )
+
+    def get_advertising_data(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(
+            core.AdvertisingData(
+                [
+                    (
+                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        (
+                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BASIC_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
+                            + bytes(self)
+                        ),
+                    )
+                ]
+            )
+        )

bumble/profiles/bass.py

@@ -276,10 +276,7 @@ class BroadcastReceiveState:
     subgroups: List[SubgroupInfo]
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Optional[BroadcastReceiveState]:
-        if not data:
-            return None
-
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> BroadcastReceiveState:
         source_id = data[0]
         _, source_address = hci.Address.parse_address_preceded_by_type(data, 2)
         source_adv_sid = data[8]
@@ -357,7 +354,7 @@ class BroadcastAudioScanServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = BroadcastAudioScanService
 
     broadcast_audio_scan_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy
-    broadcast_receive_states: List[gatt.DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter]
+    broadcast_receive_states: List[gatt.SerializableCharacteristicAdapter]
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy):
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy
@@ -381,8 +378,8 @@ class BroadcastAudioScanServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
                 "Broadcast Receive State characteristic not found"
             )
         self.broadcast_receive_states = [
-            gatt.DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
-                characteristic, decode=BroadcastReceiveState.from_bytes
+            gatt.SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+                characteristic, BroadcastReceiveState
             )
             for characteristic in characteristics
         ]

bumble/profiles/device_information_service.py

@@ -64,7 +64,10 @@ class DeviceInformationService(TemplateService):
     ):
         characteristics = [
             Characteristic(
-                uuid, Characteristic.Properties.READ, Characteristic.READABLE, field
+                uuid,
+                Characteristic.Properties.READ,
+                Characteristic.READABLE,
+                bytes(field, 'utf-8'),
             )
             for (field, uuid) in (
                 (manufacturer_name, GATT_MANUFACTURER_NAME_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC),

bumble/profiles/heart_rate_service.py

@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@ from ..gatt import (
     TemplateService,
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicValue,
+    SerializableCharacteristicAdapter,
     DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,
     PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
 )
@@ -150,15 +151,14 @@ class HeartRateService(TemplateService):
         body_sensor_location=None,
         reset_energy_expended=None,
     ):
-        self.heart_rate_measurement_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+        self.heart_rate_measurement_characteristic = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
             Characteristic(
                 GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
                 Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY,
                 0,
                 CharacteristicValue(read=read_heart_rate_measurement),
             ),
-            # pylint: disable=unnecessary-lambda
-            encode=lambda value: bytes(value),
+            HeartRateService.HeartRateMeasurement,
         )
         characteristics = [self.heart_rate_measurement_characteristic]
 
@@ -204,9 +204,8 @@ class HeartRateServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
         if characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
             GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC
         ):
-            self.heart_rate_measurement = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
-                characteristics[0],
-                decode=HeartRateService.HeartRateMeasurement.from_bytes,
+            self.heart_rate_measurement = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+                characteristics[0], HeartRateService.HeartRateMeasurement
             )
         else:
             self.heart_rate_measurement = None

bumble/profiles/vocs.py

@@ -0,0 +1,330 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import struct
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+from bumble.device import Connection
+from bumble.att import ATT_Error
+from bumble.gatt import (
+    Characteristic,
+    DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,
+    TemplateService,
+    CharacteristicValue,
+    UTF8CharacteristicAdapter,
+    InvalidServiceError,
+    GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_SERVICE,
+    GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+)
+from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
+from bumble.utils import OpenIntEnum
+from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constants
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+MIN_VOLUME_OFFSET = -255
+MAX_VOLUME_OFFSET = 255
+CHANGE_COUNTER_MAX_VALUE = 0xFF
+
+
+class SetVolumeOffsetOpCode(OpenIntEnum):
+    SET_VOLUME_OFFSET = 0x01
+
+
+class ErrorCode(OpenIntEnum):
+    """
+    See Volume Offset Control Service 1.6. Application error codes.
+    """
+
+    INVALID_CHANGE_COUNTER = 0x80
+    OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED = 0x81
+    VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE = 0x82
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclass
+class VolumeOffsetState:
+    volume_offset: int = 0
+    change_counter: int = 0
+    attribute_value: Optional[CharacteristicValue] = None
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return struct.pack('<hB', self.volume_offset, self.change_counter)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes):
+        volume_offset, change_counter = struct.unpack('<hB', data)
+        return cls(volume_offset, change_counter)
+
+    def increment_change_counter(self) -> None:
+        self.change_counter = (self.change_counter + 1) % (CHANGE_COUNTER_MAX_VALUE + 1)
+
+    async def notify_subscribers_via_connection(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
+        assert self.attribute_value is not None
+        await connection.device.notify_subscribers(
+            attribute=self.attribute_value, value=bytes(self)
+        )
+
+    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class VocsAudioLocation:
+    audio_location: AudioLocation = AudioLocation.NOT_ALLOWED
+    attribute_value: Optional[CharacteristicValue] = None
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return struct.pack('<I', self.audio_location)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes):
+        audio_location = AudioLocation(struct.unpack('<I', data)[0])
+        return cls(audio_location)
+
+    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self)
+
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+        assert connection
+        assert self.attribute_value
+
+        self.audio_location = AudioLocation(int.from_bytes(value, 'little'))
+        await connection.device.notify_subscribers(
+            attribute=self.attribute_value, value=value
+        )
+
+
+@dataclass
+class VolumeOffsetControlPoint:
+    volume_offset_state: VolumeOffsetState
+
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+        assert connection
+
+        opcode = value[0]
+        if opcode != SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET:
+            raise ATT_Error(ErrorCode.OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED)
+
+        change_counter, volume_offset = struct.unpack('<Bh', value[1:])
+        await self._set_volume_offset(connection, change_counter, volume_offset)
+
+    async def _set_volume_offset(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        change_counter_operand: int,
+        volume_offset_operand: int,
+    ) -> None:
+        change_counter = self.volume_offset_state.change_counter
+
+        if change_counter != change_counter_operand:
+            raise ATT_Error(ErrorCode.INVALID_CHANGE_COUNTER)
+
+        if not MIN_VOLUME_OFFSET <= volume_offset_operand <= MAX_VOLUME_OFFSET:
+            raise ATT_Error(ErrorCode.VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE)
+
+        self.volume_offset_state.volume_offset = volume_offset_operand
+        self.volume_offset_state.increment_change_counter()
+        await self.volume_offset_state.notify_subscribers_via_connection(connection)
+
+
+@dataclass
+class AudioOutputDescription:
+    audio_output_description: str = ''
+    attribute_value: Optional[CharacteristicValue] = None
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes):
+        return cls(audio_output_description=data.decode('utf-8'))
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.audio_output_description.encode('utf-8')
+
+    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
+        return bytes(self)
+
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+        assert connection
+        assert self.attribute_value
+
+        self.audio_output_description = value.decode('utf-8')
+        await connection.device.notify_subscribers(
+            attribute=self.attribute_value, value=value
+        )
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class VolumeOffsetControlService(TemplateService):
+    UUID = GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_SERVICE
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        volume_offset_state: Optional[VolumeOffsetState] = None,
+        audio_location: Optional[VocsAudioLocation] = None,
+        audio_output_description: Optional[AudioOutputDescription] = None,
+    ) -> None:
+
+        self.volume_offset_state = (
+            VolumeOffsetState() if volume_offset_state is None else volume_offset_state
+        )
+
+        self.audio_location = (
+            VocsAudioLocation() if audio_location is None else audio_location
+        )
+
+        self.audio_output_description = (
+            AudioOutputDescription()
+            if audio_output_description is None
+            else audio_output_description
+        )
+
+        self.volume_offset_control_point: VolumeOffsetControlPoint = (
+            VolumeOffsetControlPoint(self.volume_offset_state)
+        )
+
+        self.volume_offset_state_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            Characteristic(
+                uuid=GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                properties=(
+                    Characteristic.Properties.READ | Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY
+                ),
+                permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
+                value=CharacteristicValue(read=self.volume_offset_state.on_read),
+            ),
+            encode=lambda value: bytes(value),
+        )
+
+        self.audio_location_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            Characteristic(
+                uuid=GATT_AUDIO_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                properties=(
+                    Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                    | Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY
+                    | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE
+                ),
+                permissions=(
+                    Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION
+                    | Characteristic.Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION
+                ),
+                value=CharacteristicValue(
+                    read=self.audio_location.on_read,
+                    write=self.audio_location.on_write,
+                ),
+            ),
+            encode=lambda value: bytes(value),
+            decode=VocsAudioLocation.from_bytes,
+        )
+        self.audio_location.attribute_value = self.audio_location_characteristic.value
+
+        self.volume_offset_control_point_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            uuid=GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            properties=Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            permissions=Characteristic.Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION,
+            value=CharacteristicValue(write=self.volume_offset_control_point.on_write),
+        )
+
+        self.audio_output_description_characteristic = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            Characteristic(
+                uuid=GATT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+                properties=(
+                    Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                    | Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY
+                    | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE
+                ),
+                permissions=(
+                    Characteristic.Permissions.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION
+                    | Characteristic.Permissions.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION
+                ),
+                value=CharacteristicValue(
+                    read=self.audio_output_description.on_read,
+                    write=self.audio_output_description.on_write,
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.audio_output_description.attribute_value = (
+            self.audio_output_description_characteristic.value
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            characteristics=[
+                self.volume_offset_state_characteristic,  # type: ignore
+                self.audio_location_characteristic,  # type: ignore
+                self.volume_offset_control_point_characteristic,  # type: ignore
+                self.audio_output_description_characteristic,  # type: ignore
+            ],
+            primary=False,
+        )
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Client
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
+    SERVICE_CLASS = VolumeOffsetControlService
+
+    def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy) -> None:
+        self.service_proxy = service_proxy
+
+        if not (
+            characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
+                GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC
+            )
+        ):
+            raise InvalidServiceError("Volume Offset State characteristic not found")
+        self.volume_offset_state = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            characteristics[0], decode=VolumeOffsetState.from_bytes
+        )
+
+        if not (
+            characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
+                GATT_AUDIO_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC
+            )
+        ):
+            raise InvalidServiceError("Audio Location characteristic not found")
+        self.audio_location = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            characteristics[0],
+            encode=lambda value: bytes(value),
+            decode=VocsAudioLocation.from_bytes,
+        )
+
+        if not (
+            characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
+                GATT_VOLUME_OFFSET_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC
+            )
+        ):
+            raise InvalidServiceError(
+                "Volume Offset Control Point characteristic not found"
+            )
+        self.volume_offset_control_point = characteristics[0]
+
+        if not (
+            characteristics := service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
+                GATT_AUDIO_OUTPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC
+            )
+        ):
+            raise InvalidServiceError(
+                "Audio Output Description characteristic not found"
+            )
+        self.audio_output_description = UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[0])

bumble/sdp.py

@@ -344,9 +344,6 @@ class DataElement:
         ]  # Keep a copy so we can re-serialize to an exact replica
         return result
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
-        return bytes(self)
-
     def __bytes__(self):
         # Return early if we have a cache
         if self.bytes:
@@ -623,11 +620,8 @@ class SDP_PDU:
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
-        return self.pdu
-
     def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
+        return self.pdu
 
     def __str__(self):
         result = f'{color(self.name, "blue")} [TID={self.transaction_id}]'

bumble/smp.py

@@ -298,11 +298,8 @@ class SMP_Command:
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu: bytes, offset: int) -> None:
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
-    def to_bytes(self):
-        return self.pdu
-
     def __bytes__(self):
-        return self.to_bytes()
+        return self.pdu
 
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
@@ -698,6 +695,7 @@ class Session:
         self.ltk_ediv = 0
         self.ltk_rand = bytes(8)
         self.link_key: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self.maximum_encryption_key_size: int = 0
         self.initiator_key_distribution: int = 0
         self.responder_key_distribution: int = 0
         self.peer_random_value: Optional[bytes] = None
@@ -744,6 +742,10 @@ class Session:
         else:
             self.pairing_result = None
 
+        self.maximum_encryption_key_size = (
+            pairing_config.delegate.maximum_encryption_key_size
+        )
+
         # Key Distribution (default values before negotiation)
         self.initiator_key_distribution = (
             pairing_config.delegate.local_initiator_key_distribution
@@ -996,7 +998,7 @@ class Session:
             io_capability=self.io_capability,
             oob_data_flag=self.oob_data_flag,
             auth_req=self.auth_req,
-            maximum_encryption_key_size=16,
+            maximum_encryption_key_size=self.maximum_encryption_key_size,
             initiator_key_distribution=self.initiator_key_distribution,
             responder_key_distribution=self.responder_key_distribution,
         )
@@ -1008,7 +1010,7 @@ class Session:
             io_capability=self.io_capability,
             oob_data_flag=self.oob_data_flag,
             auth_req=self.auth_req,
-            maximum_encryption_key_size=16,
+            maximum_encryption_key_size=self.maximum_encryption_key_size,
             initiator_key_distribution=self.initiator_key_distribution,
             responder_key_distribution=self.responder_key_distribution,
         )
@@ -1949,7 +1951,7 @@ class Manager(EventEmitter):
             f'{connection.peer_address}: {command}'
         )
         cid = SMP_BR_CID if connection.transport == BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT else SMP_CID
-        connection.send_l2cap_pdu(cid, command.to_bytes())
+        connection.send_l2cap_pdu(cid, bytes(command))
 
     def on_smp_security_request_command(
         self, connection: Connection, request: SMP_Security_Request_Command

bumble/transport/usb.py

@@ -149,7 +149,10 @@ async def open_usb_transport(spec: str) -> Transport:
 
             if status != usb1.TRANSFER_COMPLETED:
                 logger.warning(
-                    color(f'!!! OUT transfer not completed: status={status}', 'red')
+                    color(
+                        f'!!! OUT transfer not completed: status={status}',
+                        'red',
+                    )
                 )
 
         async def process_queue(self):
@@ -275,7 +278,10 @@ async def open_usb_transport(spec: str) -> Transport:
                 )
             else:
                 logger.warning(
-                    color(f'!!! IN transfer not completed: status={status}', 'red')
+                    color(
+                        f'!!! IN[{packet_type}] transfer not completed: status={status}',
+                        'red',
+                    )
                 )
                 self.loop.call_soon_threadsafe(self.on_transport_lost)
 

bumble/utils.py

@@ -24,17 +24,19 @@ import logging
 import sys
 import warnings
 from typing import (
-    Awaitable,
-    Set,
-    TypeVar,
-    List,
-    Tuple,
-    Callable,
     Any,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
+    List,
     Optional,
+    Protocol,
+    Set,
+    Tuple,
+    TypeVar,
     Union,
     overload,
 )
+from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from pyee import EventEmitter
 
@@ -487,3 +489,16 @@ class OpenIntEnum(enum.IntEnum):
         obj._value_ = value
         obj._name_ = f"{cls.__name__}[{value}]"
         return obj
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ByteSerializable(Protocol):
+    """
+    Type protocol for classes that can be instantiated from bytes and serialized
+    to bytes.
+    """
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self: ...
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes: ...

bumble/vendor/android/hci.py

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
+from typing import Dict, Optional, Type
 
 from bumble.hci import (
     name_or_number,
@@ -24,7 +25,9 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_Constant,
     HCI_Object,
     HCI_Command,
-    HCI_Vendor_Event,
+    HCI_Event,
+    HCI_Extended_Event,
+    HCI_VENDOR_EVENT,
     STATUS_SPEC,
 )
 
@@ -48,7 +51,6 @@ HCI_DYNAMIC_AUDIO_BUFFER_COMMAND = hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x15F)
 HCI_BLUETOOTH_QUALITY_REPORT_EVENT = 0x58
 
 HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
-HCI_Vendor_Event.register_subevents(globals())
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -279,7 +281,29 @@ class HCI_Dynamic_Audio_Buffer_Command(HCI_Command):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@HCI_Vendor_Event.event(
+class HCI_Android_Vendor_Event(HCI_Extended_Event):
+    event_code: int = HCI_VENDOR_EVENT
+    subevent_classes: Dict[int, Type[HCI_Extended_Event]] = {}
+
+    @classmethod
+    def subclass_from_parameters(
+        cls, parameters: bytes
+    ) -> Optional[HCI_Extended_Event]:
+        subevent_code = parameters[0]
+        if subevent_code == HCI_BLUETOOTH_QUALITY_REPORT_EVENT:
+            quality_report_id = parameters[1]
+            if quality_report_id in (0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09):
+                return HCI_Bluetooth_Quality_Report_Event.from_parameters(parameters)
+
+        return None
+
+
+HCI_Android_Vendor_Event.register_subevents(globals())
+HCI_Event.vendor_factory = HCI_Android_Vendor_Event.subclass_from_parameters
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@HCI_Extended_Event.event(
     fields=[
         ('quality_report_id', 1),
         ('packet_types', 1),
@@ -308,10 +332,11 @@ class HCI_Dynamic_Audio_Buffer_Command(HCI_Command):
         ('tx_last_subevent_packets', 4),
         ('crc_error_packets', 4),
         ('rx_duplicate_packets', 4),
+        ('rx_unreceived_packets', 4),
         ('vendor_specific_parameters', '*'),
     ]
 )
-class HCI_Bluetooth_Quality_Report_Event(HCI_Vendor_Event):
+class HCI_Bluetooth_Quality_Report_Event(HCI_Android_Vendor_Event):
     # pylint: disable=line-too-long
     '''
     See https://source.android.com/docs/core/connect/bluetooth/hci_requirements#bluetooth-quality-report-sub-event

docs/mkdocs/src/drivers/index.md

@@ -16,4 +16,5 @@ USB vendor ID and product ID.
 
 Drivers included in the module are:
 
-  * [Realtek](realtek.md): Loading of Firmware and Config for Realtek USB dongles.
+  * [Realtek](realtek.md): Loading of Firmware and Config for Realtek USB dongles.
+  * [Intel](intel.md): Loading of Firmware and Config for Intel USB controllers.

docs/mkdocs/src/drivers/intel.md

@@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
+INTEL DRIVER
+==============
+
+This driver supports loading firmware images and optional config data to
+Intel USB controllers.
+A number of USB dongles are supported, but likely not all.
+The initial implementation has been tested on BE200 and AX210 controllers.
+When using a USB controller, the USB product ID and vendor ID are used
+to find whether a matching set of firmware image and config data
+is needed for that specific model. If a match exists, the driver will try
+load the firmware image and, if needed, config data.
+Alternatively, the metadata property ``driver=intel`` may be specified in a transport
+name to force that driver to be used (ex: ``usb:[driver=intel]0`` instead of just
+``usb:0`` for the first USB device).
+The driver will look for the firmware and config files by name, in order, in:
+
+  * The directory specified by the environment variable `BUMBLE_INTEL_FIRMWARE_DIR`
+    if set.
+  * The directory `<package-dir>/drivers/intel_fw` where `<package-dir>` is the directory
+    where the `bumble` package is installed.
+  * The current directory.
+
+It is also possible to override or extend the config data with parameters passed via the
+transport name. The driver name `intel` may be suffixed with `/<param:value>[+<param:value>]...`
+The supported params are:
+  * `ddc_addon`: configuration data to add to the data loaded from the config data file
+  * `ddc_override`: configuration data to use instead of the data loaded from the config data file.
+
+With both `dcc_addon` and `dcc_override`, the param value is a hex-encoded byte array containing
+the config data (same format as the config file).
+Example transport name:
+`usb:[driver=intel/dcc_addon:03E40200]0`
+
+
+Obtaining Firmware Images and Config Data
+-----------------------------------------
+
+Firmware images and config data may be obtained from a variety of online
+sources.
+To facilitate finding a downloading the, the utility program `bumble-intel-fw-download`
+may be used.
+
+```
+Usage: bumble-intel-fw-download [OPTIONS]
+
+  Download Intel firmware images and configs.
+
+Options:
+  --output-dir TEXT        Output directory where the files will be saved.
+                           Defaults to the OS-specific app data dir, which the
+                           driver will check when trying to find firmware
+  --source [linux-kernel]  [default: linux-kernel]
+  --single TEXT            Only download a single image set, by its base name
+  --force                  Overwrite files if they already exist
+  --help                   Show this message and exit.
+```
+
+Utility
+-------
+
+The `bumble-intel-util` utility may be used to interact with an Intel USB controller.
+
+```
+Usage: bumble-intel-util [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
+
+Options:
+  --help  Show this message and exit.
+
+Commands:
+  bootloader  Reboot in bootloader mode.
+  info        Get the firmware info.
+  load        Load a firmware image.
+```

examples/keyboard.py

@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ async def keyboard_device(device, command):
                         GATT_MANUFACTURER_NAME_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
                         Characteristic.Properties.READ,
                         Characteristic.READABLE,
-                        'Bumble',
+                        bytes('Bumble', 'utf-8'),
                     )
                 ],
             ),

examples/run_gatt_server.py

@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
                     '486F64C6-4B5F-4B3B-8AFF-EDE134A8446A',
                     Characteristic.Properties.READ | Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY,
                     Characteristic.READABLE,
-                    'hello',
+                    bytes('hello', 'utf-8'),
                 ),
             ],
         )

examples/run_gatt_with_adapters.py

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+import asyncio
+import dataclasses
+import logging
+import os
+import random
+import struct
+import sys
+from typing import Any, List, Union
+
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device, Peer
+from bumble import transport
+from bumble import gatt
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble import core
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+SERVICE_UUID = core.UUID("50DB505C-8AC4-4738-8448-3B1D9CC09CC5")
+CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE = "D901B45B-4916-412E-ACCA-0000000000"
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CustomSerializableClass:
+    x: int
+    y: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> CustomSerializableClass:
+        return cls(*struct.unpack(">II", data))
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return struct.pack(">II", self.x, self.y)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class CustomClass:
+    a: int
+    b: int
+
+    @classmethod
+    def decode(cls, data: bytes) -> CustomClass:
+        return cls(*struct.unpack(">II", data))
+
+    def encode(self) -> bytes:
+        return struct.pack(">II", self.a, self.b)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def client(device: Device, address: hci.Address) -> None:
+    print(f'=== Connecting to {address}...')
+    connection = await device.connect(address)
+    print('=== Connected')
+
+    # Discover all characteristics.
+    peer = Peer(connection)
+    print("*** Discovering services and characteristics...")
+    await peer.discover_all()
+    print("*** Discovery complete")
+
+    service = peer.get_services_by_uuid(SERVICE_UUID)[0]
+    characteristics = []
+    for index in range(1, 9):
+        characteristics.append(
+            service.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + f"{index:02X}"
+            )[0]
+        )
+
+    # Read all characteristics as raw bytes.
+    for characteristic in characteristics:
+        value = await characteristic.read_value()
+        print(f"### {characteristic} = {value} ({value.hex()})")
+
+    # Static characteristic with a bytes value.
+    c1 = characteristics[0]
+    c1_value = await c1.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C1 {c1} value = {c1_value} (type={type(c1_value)})")
+    await c1.write_value("happy π day".encode("utf-8"))
+
+    # Static characteristic with a string value.
+    c2 = gatt.UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[1])
+    c2_value = await c2.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C2 {c2} value = {c2_value} (type={type(c2_value)})")
+    await c2.write_value("happy π day")
+
+    # Static characteristic with a tuple value.
+    c3 = gatt.PackedCharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[2], ">III")
+    c3_value = await c3.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C3 {c3} value = {c3_value} (type={type(c3_value)})")
+    await c3.write_value((2001, 2002, 2003))
+
+    # Static characteristic with a named tuple value.
+    c4 = gatt.MappedCharacteristicAdapter(
+        characteristics[3], ">III", ["f1", "f2", "f3"]
+    )
+    c4_value = await c4.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C4 {c4} value = {c4_value} (type={type(c4_value)})")
+    await c4.write_value({"f1": 4001, "f2": 4002, "f3": 4003})
+
+    # Static characteristic with a serializable value.
+    c5 = gatt.SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+        characteristics[4], CustomSerializableClass
+    )
+    c5_value = await c5.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C5 {c5} value = {c5_value} (type={type(c5_value)})")
+    await c5.write_value(CustomSerializableClass(56, 57))
+
+    # Static characteristic with a delegated value.
+    c6 = gatt.DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+        characteristics[5], encode=CustomClass.encode, decode=CustomClass.decode
+    )
+    c6_value = await c6.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C6 {c6} value = {c6_value} (type={type(c6_value)})")
+    await c6.write_value(CustomClass(6, 7))
+
+    # Dynamic characteristic with a bytes value.
+    c7 = characteristics[6]
+    c7_value = await c7.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C7 {c7} value = {c7_value} (type={type(c7_value)})")
+    await c7.write_value(bytes.fromhex("01020304"))
+
+    # Dynamic characteristic with a string value.
+    c8 = gatt.UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(characteristics[7])
+    c8_value = await c8.read_value()
+    print(f"@@@ C8 {c8} value = {c8_value} (type={type(c8_value)})")
+    await c8.write_value("howdy")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def dynamic_read(selector: str) -> Union[bytes, str]:
+    if selector == "bytes":
+        print("$$$ Returning random bytes")
+        return random.randbytes(7)
+    elif selector == "string":
+        print("$$$ Returning random string")
+        return random.randbytes(7).hex()
+
+    raise ValueError("invalid selector")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def dynamic_write(selector: str, value: Any) -> None:
+    print(f"$$$ Received[{selector}]: {value} (type={type(value)})")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def on_characteristic_read(characteristic: gatt.Characteristic, value: Any) -> None:
+    """Event listener invoked when a characteristic is read."""
+    print(f"<<< READ: {characteristic} -> {value} ({type(value)})")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def on_characteristic_write(characteristic: gatt.Characteristic, value: Any) -> None:
+    """Event listener invoked when a characteristic is written."""
+    print(f"<<< WRITE: {characteristic} <- {value}  ({type(value)})")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def main() -> None:
+    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
+        print("Usage: run_gatt_with_adapters.py <transport-spec> [<bluetooth-address>]")
+        print("example: run_gatt_with_adapters.py usb:0 E1:CA:72:48:C4:E8")
+        return
+
+    async with await transport.open_transport(sys.argv[1]) as hci_transport:
+        # Create a device to manage the host
+        device = Device.with_hci(
+            "Bumble",
+            hci.Address("F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5"),
+            hci_transport.source,
+            hci_transport.sink,
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a bytes value.
+        c1 = gatt.Characteristic(
+            CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "01",
+            gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+            b'hello',
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a string value.
+        c2 = gatt.UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "02",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                'hello',
+            )
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a tuple value.
+        c3 = gatt.PackedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "03",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                (1007, 1008, 1009),
+            ),
+            ">III",
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a named tuple value.
+        c4 = gatt.MappedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "04",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                {"f1": 3007, "f2": 3008, "f3": 3009},
+            ),
+            ">III",
+            ["f1", "f2", "f3"],
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a serializable value.
+        c5 = gatt.SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "05",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                CustomSerializableClass(11, 12),
+            ),
+            CustomSerializableClass,
+        )
+
+        # Static characteristic with a delegated value.
+        c6 = gatt.DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "06",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                CustomClass(1, 2),
+            ),
+            encode=CustomClass.encode,
+            decode=CustomClass.decode,
+        )
+
+        # Dynamic characteristic with a bytes value.
+        c7 = gatt.Characteristic(
+            CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "07",
+            gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+            gatt.CharacteristicValue(
+                read=lambda connection: dynamic_read("bytes"),
+                write=lambda connection, value: dynamic_write("bytes", value),
+            ),
+        )
+
+        # Dynamic characteristic with a string value.
+        c8 = gatt.UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(
+            gatt.Characteristic(
+                CHARACTERISTIC_UUID_BASE + "08",
+                gatt.Characteristic.Properties.READ
+                | gatt.Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+                gatt.Characteristic.READABLE | gatt.Characteristic.WRITEABLE,
+                gatt.CharacteristicValue(
+                    read=lambda connection: dynamic_read("string"),
+                    write=lambda connection, value: dynamic_write("string", value),
+                ),
+            )
+        )
+
+        characteristics: List[
+            Union[gatt.Characteristic, gatt.CharacteristicAdapter]
+        ] = [c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8]
+
+        # Listen for read and write events.
+        for characteristic in characteristics:
+            characteristic.on(
+                "read",
+                lambda _, value, c=characteristic: on_characteristic_read(c, value),
+            )
+            characteristic.on(
+                "write",
+                lambda _, value, c=characteristic: on_characteristic_write(c, value),
+            )
+
+        device.add_service(gatt.Service(SERVICE_UUID, characteristics))  # type: ignore
+
+        # Get things going
+        await device.power_on()
+
+        # Connect to a peer
+        if len(sys.argv) > 2:
+            await client(device, hci.Address(sys.argv[2]))
+        else:
+            await device.start_advertising(auto_restart=True)
+
+        await hci_transport.source.wait_for_termination()
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+asyncio.run(main())

examples/run_hfp_gateway.py

@@ -21,9 +21,9 @@ import sys
 import os
 import io
 import logging
-import websockets
+from typing import Iterable, Optional
 
-from typing import Optional
+import websockets
 
 import bumble.core
 from bumble.device import Device, ScoLink
@@ -82,6 +82,10 @@ def on_microphone_volume(level: int):
     send_message(type='microphone_volume', level=level)
 
 
+def on_supported_audio_codecs(codecs: Iterable[hfp.AudioCodec]):
+    send_message(type='supported_audio_codecs', codecs=[codec.name for codec in codecs])
+
+
 def on_sco_state_change(codec: int):
     if codec == hfp.AudioCodec.CVSD:
         sample_rate = 8000
@@ -207,6 +211,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
             ag_protocol = hfp.AgProtocol(dlc, configuration)
             ag_protocol.on('speaker_volume', on_speaker_volume)
             ag_protocol.on('microphone_volume', on_microphone_volume)
+            ag_protocol.on('supported_audio_codecs', on_supported_audio_codecs)
             on_hfp_state_change(True)
             dlc.multiplexer.l2cap_channel.on(
                 'close', lambda: on_hfp_state_change(False)
@@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ async def main() -> None:
             # Pick the first one
             channel, version, hf_sdp_features = hfp_record
             print(f'HF version: {version}')
-            print(f'HF features: {hf_sdp_features}')
+            print(f'HF features: {hf_sdp_features.name}')
 
             # Request authentication
             print('*** Authenticating...')

examples/run_unicast_server.py

@@ -161,7 +161,13 @@ async def main() -> None:
             else:
                 file_output = open(f'{datetime.datetime.now().isoformat()}.lc3', 'wb')
                 codec_configuration = ase.codec_specific_configuration
-                assert isinstance(codec_configuration, CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                if (
+                    not isinstance(codec_configuration, CodecSpecificConfiguration)
+                    or codec_configuration.sampling_frequency is None
+                    or codec_configuration.audio_channel_allocation is None
+                    or codec_configuration.frame_duration is None
+                ):
+                    return
                 # Write a LC3 header.
                 file_output.write(
                     bytes([0x1C, 0xCC])  # Header.

rust/src/wrapper/hci.rs

@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ impl Address {
     /// Creates a new [Address] object.
     pub fn new(address: &str, address_type: AddressType) -> PyResult<Self> {
         Python::with_gil(|py| {
-            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.device"))?
+            PyModule::import(py, intern!(py, "bumble.hci"))?
                 .getattr(intern!(py, "Address"))?
                 .call1((address, address_type))
                 .map(|any| Self(any.into()))

setup.cfg

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ install_requires =
     pyserial-asyncio >= 0.5; platform_system!='Emscripten'
     pyserial >= 3.5; platform_system!='Emscripten'
     pyusb >= 1.2; platform_system!='Emscripten'
-    websockets >= 12.0; platform_system!='Emscripten'
+    websockets == 13.1; platform_system!='Emscripten'
 
 [options.entry_points]
 console_scripts =
@@ -75,6 +75,8 @@ console_scripts =
     bumble-pandora-server = bumble.apps.pandora_server:main
     bumble-rtk-util = bumble.tools.rtk_util:main
     bumble-rtk-fw-download = bumble.tools.rtk_fw_download:main
+    bumble-intel-util = bumble.tools.intel_util:main
+    bumble-intel-fw-download = bumble.tools.intel_fw_download:main
 
 [options.package_data]
 * = py.typed, *.pyi

tests/aics_test.py

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ from bumble.profiles.aics import (
     AudioInputState,
     AICSServiceProxy,
     GainMode,
+    GainSettingsProperties,
     AudioInputStatus,
     AudioInputControlPointOpCode,
     ErrorCode,
@@ -82,7 +83,12 @@ async def test_init_service(aics_client: AICSServiceProxy):
         gain_mode=GainMode.MANUAL,
         change_counter=0,
     )
-    assert await aics_client.gain_settings_properties.read_value() == (1, 0, 255)
+    assert (
+        await aics_client.gain_settings_properties.read_value()
+        == GainSettingsProperties(
+            gain_settings_unit=1, gain_settings_minimum=0, gain_settings_maximum=255
+        )
+    )
     assert await aics_client.audio_input_status.read_value() == (
         AudioInputStatus.ACTIVE
     )
@@ -481,12 +487,12 @@ async def test_set_automatic_gain_mode_when_automatic_only(
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_audio_input_description_initial_value(aics_client: AICSServiceProxy):
     description = await aics_client.audio_input_description.read_value()
-    assert description.decode('utf-8') == "Bluetooth"
+    assert description == "Bluetooth"
 
 
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_audio_input_description_write_and_read(aics_client: AICSServiceProxy):
-    new_description = "Line Input".encode('utf-8')
+    new_description = "Line Input"
 
     await aics_client.audio_input_description.write_value(new_description)
 

tests/bap_test.py

@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ from bumble.profiles.ascs import (
 )
 from bumble.profiles.bap import (
     AudioLocation,
+    BasicAudioAnnouncement,
+    BroadcastAudioAnnouncement,
     SupportedFrameDuration,
     SupportedSamplingFrequency,
     SamplingFrequency,
@@ -200,6 +202,56 @@ def test_codec_specific_configuration() -> None:
     assert CodecSpecificConfiguration.from_bytes(bytes(config)) == config
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_broadcast_audio_announcement() -> None:
+    broadcast_audio_announcement = BroadcastAudioAnnouncement(123456)
+    assert (
+        BroadcastAudioAnnouncement.from_bytes(bytes(broadcast_audio_announcement))
+        == broadcast_audio_announcement
+    )
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def test_basic_audio_announcement() -> None:
+    basic_audio_announcement = BasicAudioAnnouncement(
+        presentation_delay=40000,
+        subgroups=[
+            BasicAudioAnnouncement.Subgroup(
+                codec_id=CodingFormat(codec_id=CodecID.LC3),
+                codec_specific_configuration=CodecSpecificConfiguration(
+                    sampling_frequency=SamplingFrequency.FREQ_48000,
+                    frame_duration=FrameDuration.DURATION_10000_US,
+                    octets_per_codec_frame=100,
+                ),
+                metadata=Metadata(
+                    [
+                        Metadata.Entry(tag=Metadata.Tag.LANGUAGE, data=b'eng'),
+                        Metadata.Entry(tag=Metadata.Tag.PROGRAM_INFO, data=b'Disco'),
+                    ]
+                ),
+                bis=[
+                    BasicAudioAnnouncement.BIS(
+                        index=0,
+                        codec_specific_configuration=CodecSpecificConfiguration(
+                            audio_channel_allocation=AudioLocation.FRONT_LEFT
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                    BasicAudioAnnouncement.BIS(
+                        index=1,
+                        codec_specific_configuration=CodecSpecificConfiguration(
+                            audio_channel_allocation=AudioLocation.FRONT_RIGHT
+                        ),
+                    ),
+                ],
+            )
+        ],
+    )
+    assert (
+        BasicAudioAnnouncement.from_bytes(bytes(basic_audio_announcement))
+        == basic_audio_announcement
+    )
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_pacs():

tests/device_test.py

@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@ import asyncio
 import functools
 import logging
 import os
-from types import LambdaType
 import pytest
-from unittest import mock
 
 from bumble.core import (
     BT_BR_EDR_TRANSPORT,
@@ -29,7 +27,13 @@ from bumble.core import (
     BT_PERIPHERAL_ROLE,
     ConnectionParameters,
 )
-from bumble.device import AdvertisingParameters, Connection, Device
+from bumble.device import (
+    AdvertisingEventProperties,
+    AdvertisingParameters,
+    Connection,
+    Device,
+    PeriodicAdvertisingParameters,
+)
 from bumble.host import AclPacketQueue, Host
 from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_ACCEPT_CONNECTION_REQUEST_COMMAND,
@@ -265,7 +269,8 @@ async def test_flush():
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_legacy_advertising():
-    device = Device(host=mock.AsyncMock(Host))
+    device = TwoDevices()[0]
+    await device.power_on()
 
     # Start advertising
     await device.start_advertising()
@@ -283,7 +288,10 @@ async def test_legacy_advertising():
 )
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_legacy_advertising_disconnection(auto_restart):
-    device = Device(host=mock.AsyncMock(spec=Host))
+    devices = TwoDevices()
+    device = devices[0]
+    devices.controllers[0].le_features = bytes.fromhex('ffffffffffffffff')
+    await device.power_on()
     peer_address = Address('F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5')
     await device.start_advertising(auto_restart=auto_restart)
     device.on_connection(
@@ -305,6 +313,11 @@ async def test_legacy_advertising_disconnection(auto_restart):
     await async_barrier()
 
     if auto_restart:
+        assert device.legacy_advertising_set
+        started = asyncio.Event()
+        if not device.is_advertising:
+            device.legacy_advertising_set.once('start', started.set)
+            await asyncio.wait_for(started.wait(), _TIMEOUT)
         assert device.is_advertising
     else:
         assert not device.is_advertising
@@ -313,7 +326,8 @@ async def test_legacy_advertising_disconnection(auto_restart):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_extended_advertising():
-    device = Device(host=mock.AsyncMock(Host))
+    device = TwoDevices()[0]
+    await device.power_on()
 
     # Start advertising
     advertising_set = await device.create_advertising_set()
@@ -332,7 +346,8 @@ async def test_extended_advertising():
 )
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_extended_advertising_connection(own_address_type):
-    device = Device(host=mock.AsyncMock(spec=Host))
+    device = TwoDevices()[0]
+    await device.power_on()
     peer_address = Address('F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5')
     advertising_set = await device.create_advertising_set(
         advertising_parameters=AdvertisingParameters(own_address_type=own_address_type)
@@ -368,8 +383,10 @@ async def test_extended_advertising_connection(own_address_type):
 )
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_extended_advertising_connection_out_of_order(own_address_type):
-    device = Device(host=mock.AsyncMock(spec=Host))
-    peer_address = Address('F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5')
+    devices = TwoDevices()
+    device = devices[0]
+    devices.controllers[0].le_features = bytes.fromhex('ffffffffffffffff')
+    await device.power_on()
     advertising_set = await device.create_advertising_set(
         advertising_parameters=AdvertisingParameters(own_address_type=own_address_type)
     )
@@ -382,7 +399,7 @@ async def test_extended_advertising_connection_out_of_order(own_address_type):
     device.on_connection(
         0x0001,
         BT_LE_TRANSPORT,
-        peer_address,
+        Address('F0:F1:F2:F3:F4:F5'),
         None,
         None,
         BT_PERIPHERAL_ROLE,
@@ -397,6 +414,34 @@ async def test_extended_advertising_connection_out_of_order(own_address_type):
     await async_barrier()
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_periodic_advertising():
+    device = TwoDevices()[0]
+    await device.power_on()
+
+    # Start advertising
+    advertising_set = await device.create_advertising_set(
+        advertising_parameters=AdvertisingParameters(
+            advertising_event_properties=AdvertisingEventProperties(
+                is_connectable=False
+            )
+        ),
+        advertising_data=b'123',
+        periodic_advertising_parameters=PeriodicAdvertisingParameters(),
+        periodic_advertising_data=b'abc',
+    )
+    assert device.extended_advertising_sets
+    assert advertising_set.enabled
+    assert not advertising_set.periodic_enabled
+
+    await advertising_set.start_periodic()
+    assert advertising_set.periodic_enabled
+
+    await advertising_set.stop_periodic()
+    assert not advertising_set.periodic_enabled
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_get_remote_le_features():

tests/gatt_test.py

@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
 import struct
 import pytest
+from typing_extensions import Self
 from unittest.mock import AsyncMock, Mock, ANY
 
 from bumble.controller import Controller
@@ -31,6 +33,7 @@ from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_BATTERY_LEVEL_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,
     CharacteristicAdapter,
+    SerializableCharacteristicAdapter,
     DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,
     PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
     MappedCharacteristicAdapter,
@@ -57,7 +60,7 @@ from .test_utils import async_barrier
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def basic_check(x):
-    pdu = x.to_bytes()
+    pdu = bytes(x)
     parsed = ATT_PDU.from_bytes(pdu)
     x_str = str(x)
     parsed_str = str(parsed)
@@ -74,7 +77,7 @@ def test_UUID():
     assert str(u) == '61A3512C-09BE-4DDC-A6A6-0B03667AAFC6'
     v = UUID(str(u))
     assert str(v) == '61A3512C-09BE-4DDC-A6A6-0B03667AAFC6'
-    w = UUID.from_bytes(v.to_bytes())
+    w = UUID.from_bytes(bytes(v))
     assert str(w) == '61A3512C-09BE-4DDC-A6A6-0B03667AAFC6'
 
     u1 = UUID.from_16_bits(0x1234)
@@ -310,7 +313,7 @@ async def test_attribute_getters():
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_CharacteristicAdapter():
+async def test_CharacteristicAdapter() -> None:
     # Check that the CharacteristicAdapter base class is transparent
     v = bytes([1, 2, 3])
     c = Characteristic(
@@ -329,67 +332,94 @@ async def test_CharacteristicAdapter():
     assert c.value == v
 
     # Simple delegated adapter
-    a = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
+    delegated = DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter(
         c, lambda x: bytes(reversed(x)), lambda x: bytes(reversed(x))
     )
 
-    value = await a.read_value(None)
-    assert value == bytes(reversed(v))
+    delegated_value = await delegated.read_value(None)
+    assert delegated_value == bytes(reversed(v))
 
-    v = bytes([3, 4, 5])
-    await a.write_value(None, v)
-    assert a.value == bytes(reversed(v))
+    delegated_value2 = bytes([3, 4, 5])
+    await delegated.write_value(None, delegated_value2)
+    assert delegated.value == bytes(reversed(delegated_value2))
 
     # Packed adapter with single element format
-    v = 1234
-    pv = struct.pack('>H', v)
-    c.value = v
-    a = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>H')
+    packed_value_ref = 1234
+    packed_value_bytes = struct.pack('>H', packed_value_ref)
+    c.value = packed_value_ref
+    packed = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>H')
 
-    value = await a.read_value(None)
-    assert value == pv
-    c.value = None
-    await a.write_value(None, pv)
-    assert a.value == v
+    packed_value_read = await packed.read_value(None)
+    assert packed_value_read == packed_value_bytes
+    c.value = b''
+    await packed.write_value(None, packed_value_bytes)
+    assert packed.value == packed_value_ref
 
     # Packed adapter with multi-element format
     v1 = 1234
     v2 = 5678
-    pv = struct.pack('>HH', v1, v2)
+    packed_multi_value_bytes = struct.pack('>HH', v1, v2)
     c.value = (v1, v2)
-    a = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>HH')
+    packed_multi = PackedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>HH')
 
-    value = await a.read_value(None)
-    assert value == pv
-    c.value = None
-    await a.write_value(None, pv)
-    assert a.value == (v1, v2)
+    packed_multi_read_value = await packed_multi.read_value(None)
+    assert packed_multi_read_value == packed_multi_value_bytes
+    packed_multi.value = b''
+    await packed_multi.write_value(None, packed_multi_value_bytes)
+    assert packed_multi.value == (v1, v2)
 
     # Mapped adapter
     v1 = 1234
     v2 = 5678
-    pv = struct.pack('>HH', v1, v2)
+    packed_mapped_value_bytes = struct.pack('>HH', v1, v2)
     mapped = {'v1': v1, 'v2': v2}
     c.value = mapped
-    a = MappedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>HH', ('v1', 'v2'))
+    packed_mapped = MappedCharacteristicAdapter(c, '>HH', ('v1', 'v2'))
 
-    value = await a.read_value(None)
-    assert value == pv
-    c.value = None
-    await a.write_value(None, pv)
-    assert a.value == mapped
+    packed_mapped_read_value = await packed_mapped.read_value(None)
+    assert packed_mapped_read_value == packed_mapped_value_bytes
+    c.value = b''
+    await packed_mapped.write_value(None, packed_mapped_value_bytes)
+    assert packed_mapped.value == mapped
 
     # UTF-8 adapter
-    v = 'Hello π'
-    ev = v.encode('utf-8')
-    c.value = v
-    a = UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(c)
+    string_value = 'Hello π'
+    string_value_bytes = string_value.encode('utf-8')
+    c.value = string_value
+    string_c = UTF8CharacteristicAdapter(c)
 
-    value = await a.read_value(None)
-    assert value == ev
-    c.value = None
-    await a.write_value(None, ev)
-    assert a.value == v
+    string_read_value = await string_c.read_value(None)
+    assert string_read_value == string_value_bytes
+    c.value = b''
+    await string_c.write_value(None, string_value_bytes)
+    assert string_c.value == string_value
+
+    # Class adapter
+    class BlaBla:
+        def __init__(self, a: int, b: int) -> None:
+            self.a = a
+            self.b = b
+
+        @classmethod
+        def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self:
+            a, b = struct.unpack(">II", data)
+            return cls(a, b)
+
+        def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+            return struct.pack(">II", self.a, self.b)
+
+    class_value = BlaBla(3, 4)
+    class_value_bytes = struct.pack(">II", 3, 4)
+    c.value = class_value
+    class_c = SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(c, BlaBla)
+
+    class_read_value = await class_c.read_value(None)
+    assert class_read_value == class_value_bytes
+    c.value = b''
+    await class_c.write_value(None, class_value_bytes)
+    assert isinstance(c.value, BlaBla)
+    assert c.value.a == 3
+    assert c.value.b == 4
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -851,7 +881,12 @@ async def test_unsubscribe():
     await async_barrier()
     mock1.assert_called_once_with(ANY, True, False)
 
-    await c2.subscribe()
+    assert len(server.gatt_server.subscribers) == 1
+
+    def callback(_):
+        pass
+
+    await c2.subscribe(callback)
     await async_barrier()
     mock2.assert_called_once_with(ANY, True, False)
 
@@ -861,10 +896,16 @@ async def test_unsubscribe():
     mock1.assert_called_once_with(ANY, False, False)
 
     mock2.reset_mock()
-    await c2.unsubscribe()
+    await c2.unsubscribe(callback)
     await async_barrier()
     mock2.assert_called_once_with(ANY, False, False)
 
+    # All CCCDs should be zeros now
+    assert list(server.gatt_server.subscribers.values())[0] == {
+        c1.handle: bytes([0, 0]),
+        c2.handle: bytes([0, 0]),
+    }
+
     mock1.reset_mock()
     await c1.unsubscribe()
     await async_barrier()

tests/hci_test.py

@@ -75,13 +75,13 @@ from bumble.hci import (
 
 
 def basic_check(x):
-    packet = x.to_bytes()
+    packet = bytes(x)
     print(packet.hex())
     parsed = HCI_Packet.from_bytes(packet)
     x_str = str(x)
     parsed_str = str(parsed)
     print(x_str)
-    parsed_bytes = parsed.to_bytes()
+    parsed_bytes = bytes(parsed)
     assert x_str == parsed_str
     assert packet == parsed_bytes
 
@@ -188,7 +188,7 @@ def test_HCI_Command_Complete_Event():
         return_parameters=bytes([7]),
     )
     basic_check(event)
-    event = HCI_Packet.from_bytes(event.to_bytes())
+    event = HCI_Packet.from_bytes(bytes(event))
     assert event.return_parameters == 7
 
     # With a simple status as an integer status
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ def test_iso_data_packet():
         '6281bc77ed6a3206d984bcdabee6be831c699cb50e2'
     )
 
-    assert packet.to_bytes() == data
+    assert bytes(packet) == data
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/hfp_test.py

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ def _default_hf_configuration() -> hfp.HfConfiguration:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def _default_hf_sdp_features() -> hfp.HfSdpFeature:
     return (
-        hfp.HfSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND
+        hfp.HfSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND_SPEECH
         | hfp.HfSdpFeature.THREE_WAY_CALLING
         | hfp.HfSdpFeature.CLI_PRESENTATION_CAPABILITY
     )
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ def _default_ag_configuration() -> hfp.AgConfiguration:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def _default_ag_sdp_features() -> hfp.AgSdpFeature:
     return (
-        hfp.AgSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND
+        hfp.AgSdpFeature.WIDE_BAND_SPEECH
         | hfp.AgSdpFeature.IN_BAND_RING_TONE_CAPABILITY
         | hfp.AgSdpFeature.THREE_WAY_CALLING
     )

tests/self_test.py

@@ -240,7 +240,7 @@ async def test_self_gatt():
     result = await peer.discover_included_services(result[0])
     assert len(result) == 2
     # Service UUID is only present when the UUID is 16-bit Bluetooth UUID
-    assert result[1].uuid.to_bytes() == s3.uuid.to_bytes()
+    assert bytes(result[1].uuid) == bytes(s3.uuid)
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

tests/vocs_test.py

@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import pytest
+import pytest_asyncio
+import struct
+
+from bumble import device
+
+from bumble.att import ATT_Error
+
+from bumble.profiles.vocs import (
+    VolumeOffsetControlService,
+    ErrorCode,
+    MIN_VOLUME_OFFSET,
+    MAX_VOLUME_OFFSET,
+    SetVolumeOffsetOpCode,
+    VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy,
+    VolumeOffsetState,
+    VocsAudioLocation,
+)
+from bumble.profiles.vcp import VolumeControlService, VolumeControlServiceProxy
+from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation
+
+from .test_utils import TwoDevices
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Tests
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+vocs_service = VolumeOffsetControlService()
+vcp_service = VolumeControlService(included_services=[vocs_service])
+
+
+@pytest_asyncio.fixture
+async def vocs_client():
+    devices = TwoDevices()
+    devices[0].add_service(vcp_service)
+
+    await devices.setup_connection()
+
+    assert devices.connections[0]
+    assert devices.connections[1]
+
+    devices.connections[0].encryption = 1
+    devices.connections[1].encryption = 1
+
+    peer = device.Peer(devices.connections[1])
+
+    vcp_client = await peer.discover_service_and_create_proxy(VolumeControlServiceProxy)
+
+    assert vcp_client
+    included_services = await peer.discover_included_services(vcp_client.service_proxy)
+    assert included_services
+    vocs_service_discovered = included_services[0]
+    await peer.discover_characteristics(service=vocs_service_discovered)
+    vocs_client = VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy(vocs_service_discovered)
+
+    yield vocs_client
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_init_service(vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy):
+    assert await vocs_client.volume_offset_state.read_value() == VolumeOffsetState(
+        volume_offset=0,
+        change_counter=0,
+    )
+    assert await vocs_client.audio_location.read_value() == VocsAudioLocation(
+        audio_location=AudioLocation.NOT_ALLOWED
+    )
+    description = await vocs_client.audio_output_description.read_value()
+    assert description == ''
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wrong_opcode_raise_error(vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy):
+    with pytest.raises(ATT_Error) as e:
+        await vocs_client.volume_offset_control_point.write_value(
+            bytes(
+                [
+                    0xFF,
+                ]
+            ),
+            with_response=True,
+        )
+
+    assert e.value.error_code == ErrorCode.OPCODE_NOT_SUPPORTED
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wrong_change_counter_raise_error(
+    vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy,
+):
+    initial_offset = vocs_service.volume_offset_state.volume_offset
+    initial_counter = vocs_service.volume_offset_state.change_counter
+    wrong_counter = initial_counter + 1
+
+    with pytest.raises(ATT_Error) as e:
+        await vocs_client.volume_offset_control_point.write_value(
+            struct.pack(
+                '<BBh', SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET, wrong_counter, 0
+            ),
+            with_response=True,
+        )
+    assert e.value.error_code == ErrorCode.INVALID_CHANGE_COUNTER
+
+    counter = await vocs_client.volume_offset_state.read_value()
+    assert counter == VolumeOffsetState(initial_offset, initial_counter)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_wrong_volume_offset_raise_error(
+    vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy,
+):
+    invalid_offset_low = MIN_VOLUME_OFFSET - 1
+    invalid_offset_high = MAX_VOLUME_OFFSET + 1
+
+    with pytest.raises(ATT_Error) as e_low:
+        await vocs_client.volume_offset_control_point.write_value(
+            struct.pack(
+                '<BBh', SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET, 0, invalid_offset_low
+            ),
+            with_response=True,
+        )
+    assert e_low.value.error_code == ErrorCode.VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
+
+    with pytest.raises(ATT_Error) as e_high:
+        await vocs_client.volume_offset_control_point.write_value(
+            struct.pack(
+                '<BBh', SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET, 0, invalid_offset_high
+            ),
+            with_response=True,
+        )
+    assert e_high.value.error_code == ErrorCode.VALUE_OUT_OF_RANGE
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_set_volume_offset(vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy):
+    await vocs_client.volume_offset_control_point.write_value(
+        struct.pack('<BBh', SetVolumeOffsetOpCode.SET_VOLUME_OFFSET, 0, -255),
+    )
+    assert await vocs_client.volume_offset_state.read_value() == VolumeOffsetState(
+        -255, 1
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_set_audio_channel_location(vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy):
+    new_audio_location = VocsAudioLocation(audio_location=AudioLocation.FRONT_LEFT)
+
+    await vocs_client.audio_location.write_value(
+        struct.pack('<I', new_audio_location.audio_location)
+    )
+
+    location = await vocs_client.audio_location.read_value()
+    assert location == new_audio_location
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_set_audio_output_description(
+    vocs_client: VolumeOffsetControlServiceProxy,
+):
+    new_description = 'Left Speaker'
+
+    await vocs_client.audio_output_description.write_value(new_description)
+
+    description = await vocs_client.audio_output_description.read_value()
+    assert description == new_description

tools/intel_fw_download.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import logging
+import pathlib
+import urllib.request
+import urllib.error
+
+import click
+
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.drivers import intel
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Logging
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Constants
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+LINUX_KERNEL_GIT_SOURCE = "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/firmware/linux-firmware.git/plain/intel"
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Functions
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def download_file(base_url, name):
+    url = f"{base_url}/{name}"
+    with urllib.request.urlopen(url) as file:
+        data = file.read()
+        print(f"Downloaded {name}: {len(data)} bytes")
+        return data
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@click.command
+@click.option(
+    "--output-dir",
+    default="",
+    help="Output directory where the files will be saved. Defaults to the OS-specific"
+    "app data dir, which the driver will check when trying to find firmware",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    "--source",
+    type=click.Choice(["linux-kernel"]),
+    default="linux-kernel",
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option("--single", help="Only download a single image set, by its base name")
+@click.option("--force", is_flag=True, help="Overwrite files if they already exist")
+def main(output_dir, source, single, force):
+    """Download Intel firmware images and configs."""
+
+    # Check that the output dir exists
+    if output_dir == '':
+        output_dir = intel.intel_firmware_dir()
+    else:
+        output_dir = pathlib.Path(output_dir)
+    if not output_dir.is_dir():
+        print("Output dir does not exist or is not a directory")
+        return
+
+    base_url = {
+        "linux-kernel": LINUX_KERNEL_GIT_SOURCE,
+    }[source]
+
+    print("Downloading")
+    print(color("FROM:", "green"), base_url)
+    print(color("TO:", "green"), output_dir)
+
+    if single:
+        images = [(f"{single}.sfi", f"{single}.ddc")]
+    else:
+        images = [
+            (f"{base_name}.sfi", f"{base_name}.ddc")
+            for base_name in intel.INTEL_FW_IMAGE_NAMES
+        ]
+
+    for fw_name, config_name in images:
+        print(color("---", "yellow"))
+        fw_image_out = output_dir / fw_name
+        if not force and fw_image_out.exists():
+            print(color(f"{fw_image_out} already exists, skipping", "red"))
+            continue
+        if config_name:
+            config_image_out = output_dir / config_name
+            if not force and config_image_out.exists():
+                print(color("f{config_image_out} already exists, skipping", "red"))
+                continue
+
+        try:
+            fw_image = download_file(base_url, fw_name)
+        except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
+            print(f"Failed to download {fw_name}: {error}")
+            continue
+
+        config_image = None
+        if config_name:
+            try:
+                config_image = download_file(base_url, config_name)
+            except urllib.error.HTTPError as error:
+                print(f"Failed to download {config_name}: {error}")
+                continue
+
+        fw_image_out.write_bytes(fw_image)
+        if config_image:
+            config_image_out.write_bytes(config_image)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()

tools/intel_util.py

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+# Copyright 2024 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import logging
+import asyncio
+import os
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
+import click
+
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble import transport
+from bumble.drivers import intel
+from bumble.host import Host
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Logging
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+def print_device_info(device_info: dict[intel.ValueType, Any]) -> None:
+    if (mode := device_info.get(intel.ValueType.CURRENT_MODE_OF_OPERATION)) is not None:
+        print(
+            color("MODE:", "yellow"),
+            mode.name,
+        )
+    print(color("DETAILS:", "yellow"))
+    for key, value in device_info.items():
+        print(f"  {color(key.name, 'green')}: {value}")
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def get_driver(host: Host, force: bool) -> Optional[intel.Driver]:
+    # Create a driver
+    driver = await intel.Driver.for_host(host, force)
+    if driver is None:
+        print("Device does not appear to be an Intel device")
+        return None
+
+    return driver
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def do_info(usb_transport, force):
+    async with await transport.open_transport(usb_transport) as (
+        hci_source,
+        hci_sink,
+    ):
+        host = Host(hci_source, hci_sink)
+        driver = await get_driver(host, force)
+        if driver is None:
+            return
+
+        # Get and print the device info
+        print_device_info(await driver.read_device_info())
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def do_load(usb_transport: str, force: bool) -> None:
+    async with await transport.open_transport(usb_transport) as (
+        hci_source,
+        hci_sink,
+    ):
+        host = Host(hci_source, hci_sink)
+        driver = await get_driver(host, force)
+        if driver is None:
+            return
+
+        # Reboot in bootloader mode
+        await driver.load_firmware()
+
+        # Get and print the device info
+        print_device_info(await driver.read_device_info())
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+async def do_bootloader(usb_transport: str, force: bool) -> None:
+    async with await transport.open_transport(usb_transport) as (
+        hci_source,
+        hci_sink,
+    ):
+        host = Host(hci_source, hci_sink)
+        driver = await get_driver(host, force)
+        if driver is None:
+            return
+
+        # Reboot in bootloader mode
+        await driver.reboot_bootloader()
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@click.group()
+def main():
+    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+
+
+@main.command
+@click.argument("usb_transport")
+@click.option(
+    "--force",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Try to get the device info even if the USB info doesn't match",
+)
+def info(usb_transport, force):
+    """Get the firmware info."""
+    asyncio.run(do_info(usb_transport, force))
+
+
+@main.command
+@click.argument("usb_transport")
+@click.option(
+    "--force",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Load even if the USB info doesn't match",
+)
+def load(usb_transport, force):
+    """Load a firmware image."""
+    asyncio.run(do_load(usb_transport, force))
+
+
+@main.command
+@click.argument("usb_transport")
+@click.option(
+    "--force",
+    is_flag=True,
+    default=False,
+    help="Attempt to reboot event if the USB info doesn't match",
+)
+def bootloader(usb_transport, force):
+    """Reboot in bootloader mode."""
+    asyncio.run(do_bootloader(usb_transport, force))
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()