add small asrc example

Fix - Allow re-creation of CIS link when not successfull

.github/workflows/code-check.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ on:
     branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
     branches: [ main ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches: [main]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -17,6 +17,8 @@ on:
   pull_request:
     # The branches below must be a subset of the branches above
     branches: [ main ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches: [main]
   schedule:
     - cron: '39 21 * * 4'
 

.github/workflows/gradle-btbench.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@ on:
     branches: [ main ]
     paths:
       - 'extras/android/BtBench/**'
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches: [main]
+    paths:
+      - 'extras/android/BtBench/**'
 
 permissions:
   contents: read

.github/workflows/python-avatar.yml

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ on:
     branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
     branches: [ main ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches: [main]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read

.github/workflows/python-build-test.yml

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ on:
     branches: [ main ]
   pull_request:
     branches: [ main ]
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    branches: [main]
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
@@ -47,7 +49,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
-        rust-version: [ "1.76.0", "stable" ]
+        rust-version: [ "1.80.0", "stable" ]
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
       - name: Check out from Git
@@ -70,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Check License Headers
         run: cd rust && cargo run --features dev-tools --bin file-header check-all
       - name: Rust Build
-        run: cd rust && cargo build --all-targets && cargo build-all-features --all-targets
+        run: cd rust && cargo build --all-targets && cargo build-all-features
       # Lints after build so what clippy needs is already built
       - name: Rust Lints
         run: cd rust && cargo fmt --check && cargo clippy --all-targets -- --deny warnings && cargo clippy --all-features --all-targets -- --deny warnings

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -102,5 +102,10 @@
         "."
     ],
     "python.testing.unittestEnabled": false,
-    "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true
+    "python.testing.pytestEnabled": true,
+    "python-envs.defaultEnvManager": "ms-python.python:system",
+    "python-envs.pythonProjects": [],
+    "nrf-connect.applications": [
+        "${workspaceFolder}/extras/zephyr/hci_usb"
+    ]
 }

apps/README.md

@@ -12,9 +12,6 @@ Apps
 ## `show.py`
 Parse a file with HCI packets and print the details of each packet in a human readable form
 
-## `link_relay.py`
-Simple WebSocket relay for virtual RemoteLink instances to communicate with each other through.
-
 ## `hci_bridge.py`
 This app acts as a simple bridge between two HCI transports, with a host on one side and
 a controller on the other. All the HCI packets bridged between the two are printed on the console

apps/auracast.py

@@ -23,16 +23,8 @@ import contextlib
 import dataclasses
 import functools
 import logging
-import os
 import struct
-from typing import (
+from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, Coroutine, Optional
-    Any,
-    AsyncGenerator,
-    Coroutine,
-    Deque,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-)
 
 import click
 
@@ -43,19 +35,15 @@ except ImportError as e:
         "Try `python -m pip install \"git+https://github.com/google/liblc3.git\"`."
     ) from e
 
-from bumble.audio import io as audio_io
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble import company_ids
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.profiles import bap
-from bumble.profiles import le_audio
-from bumble.profiles import pbp
-from bumble.profiles import bass
 import bumble.device
+import bumble.logging
 import bumble.transport
 import bumble.utils
+from bumble import company_ids, core, data_types, gatt, hci
+from bumble.audio import io as audio_io
+from bumble.audio import io_asrc as audio_io_asrc
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.profiles import bap, bass, le_audio, pbp
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -130,8 +118,8 @@ class BroadcastScanner(bumble.utils.EventEmitter):
         broadcast_audio_announcement: Optional[bap.BroadcastAudioAnnouncement] = None
         basic_audio_announcement: Optional[bap.BasicAudioAnnouncement] = None
         appearance: Optional[core.Appearance] = None
-        biginfo: Optional[bumble.device.BIGInfoAdvertisement] = None
+        biginfo: Optional[bumble.device.BigInfoAdvertisement] = None
-        manufacturer_data: Optional[Tuple[str, bytes]] = None
+        manufacturer_data: Optional[tuple[str, bytes]] = None
 
         def __post_init__(self) -> None:
             super().__init__()
@@ -257,8 +245,10 @@ class BroadcastScanner(bumble.utils.EventEmitter):
                 print(color('    SDU Interval: ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.sdu_interval)
                 print(color('    Max SDU:      ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.max_sdu)
                 print(color('    PHY:          ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.phy.name)
-                print(color('    Framed:       ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.framed)
+                print(color('    Framing:      ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.framing.name)
-                print(color('    Encrypted:    ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.encrypted)
+                print(
+                    color('    Encryption:   ', 'magenta'), self.biginfo.encryption.name
+                )
 
         def on_sync_establishment(self) -> None:
             self.emit('sync_establishment')
@@ -288,7 +278,7 @@ class BroadcastScanner(bumble.utils.EventEmitter):
             self.emit('change')
 
         def on_biginfo_advertisement(
-            self, advertisement: bumble.device.BIGInfoAdvertisement
+            self, advertisement: bumble.device.BigInfoAdvertisement
         ) -> None:
             self.biginfo = advertisement
             self.emit('change')
@@ -748,7 +738,9 @@ async def run_receive(
             sample_rate_hz=sampling_frequency.hz,
             num_channels=num_bis,
         )
-        lc3_queues: list[Deque[bytes]] = [collections.deque() for i in range(num_bis)]
+        lc3_queues: list[collections.deque[bytes]] = [
+            collections.deque() for i in range(num_bis)
+        ]
         packet_stats = [0, 0]
 
         audio_output = await audio_io.create_audio_output(output)
@@ -764,7 +756,7 @@ async def run_receive(
                 )
             )
 
-            def sink(queue: Deque[bytes], packet: hci.HCI_IsoDataPacket):
+            def sink(queue: collections.deque[bytes], packet: hci.HCI_IsoDataPacket):
                 # TODO: re-assemble fragments and detect errors
                 queue.append(packet.iso_sdu_fragment)
 
@@ -868,21 +860,13 @@ async def run_transmit(
         )
         broadcast_audio_announcement = bap.BroadcastAudioAnnouncement(broadcast_id)
 
-        advertising_manufacturer_data = (
+        advertising_data_types: list[core.DataType] = [
-            b''
+            data_types.BroadcastName(broadcast_name)
-            if manufacturer_data is None
+        ]
-            else bytes(
+        if manufacturer_data is not None:
-                core.AdvertisingData(
+            advertising_data_types.append(
-                    [
+                data_types.ManufacturerSpecificData(*manufacturer_data)
-                        (
-                            core.AdvertisingData.MANUFACTURER_SPECIFIC_DATA,
-                            struct.pack('<H', manufacturer_data[0])
-                            + manufacturer_data[1],
-                        )
-                    ]
-                )
             )
-        )
 
         advertising_set = await device.create_advertising_set(
             advertising_parameters=bumble.device.AdvertisingParameters(
@@ -894,12 +878,7 @@ async def run_transmit(
             ),
             advertising_data=(
                 broadcast_audio_announcement.get_advertising_data()
-                + bytes(
+                + bytes(core.AdvertisingData(advertising_data_types))
-                    core.AdvertisingData(
-                        [(core.AdvertisingData.BROADCAST_NAME, broadcast_name.encode())]
-                    )
-                )
-                + advertising_manufacturer_data
             ),
             periodic_advertising_parameters=bumble.device.PeriodicAdvertisingParameters(
                 periodic_advertising_interval_min=80,
@@ -913,7 +892,8 @@ async def run_transmit(
         print('Start Periodic Advertising')
         await advertising_set.start_periodic()
 
-        audio_input = await audio_io.create_audio_input(input, input_format)
+        #audio_input = await audio_io.create_audio_input(input, input_format)
+        audio_input = audio_io_asrc.SoundDeviceAudioInputAsrc(input[7:], input_format)
         pcm_format = await audio_input.open()
         # This try should be replaced with contextlib.aclosing() when python 3.9 is no
         # longer needed.
@@ -1233,7 +1213,7 @@ def transmit(
 
 
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     auracast()
 
 

apps/bench.py

@@ -19,33 +19,46 @@ import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
-import os
 import statistics
 import struct
 import time
+from typing import Optional
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.core
+import bumble.logging
+import bumble.rfcomm
 from bumble import l2cap
+from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
     BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
     UUID,
     CommandTimeoutError,
+    ConnectionPHY,
+    PhysicalTransport,
+)
+from bumble.device import (
+    CigParameters,
+    CisLink,
+    Connection,
+    ConnectionParametersPreferences,
+    Device,
+    Peer,
 )
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Connection, ConnectionParametersPreferences, Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, CharacteristicValue, Service
 from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_LE_1M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_2M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_CODED_PHY,
-    Role,
     HCI_Constant,
     HCI_Error,
+    HCI_IsoDataPacket,
     HCI_StatusError,
+    Role,
 )
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.sdp import (
     SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
     SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
@@ -55,12 +68,8 @@ from bumble.sdp import (
     DataElement,
     ServiceAttribute,
 )
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import bumble.rfcomm
-import bumble.core
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -75,17 +84,28 @@ DEFAULT_CENTRAL_ADDRESS = 'F0:F0:F0:F0:F0:F0'
 DEFAULT_CENTRAL_NAME = 'Speed Central'
 DEFAULT_PERIPHERAL_ADDRESS = 'F1:F1:F1:F1:F1:F1'
 DEFAULT_PERIPHERAL_NAME = 'Speed Peripheral'
+DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_INTERVAL = 100
 
 SPEED_SERVICE_UUID = '50DB505C-8AC4-4738-8448-3B1D9CC09CC5'
 SPEED_TX_UUID = 'E789C754-41A1-45F4-A948-A0A1A90DBA53'
 SPEED_RX_UUID = '016A2CC7-E14B-4819-935F-1F56EAE4098D'
 
 DEFAULT_RFCOMM_UUID = 'E6D55659-C8B4-4B85-96BB-B1143AF6D3AE'
+
 DEFAULT_L2CAP_PSM = 128
 DEFAULT_L2CAP_MAX_CREDITS = 128
 DEFAULT_L2CAP_MTU = 1024
 DEFAULT_L2CAP_MPS = 1024
 
+DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_SDU_C_TO_P = 251
+DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_SDU_P_TO_C = 251
+DEFAULT_ISO_SDU_INTERVAL_C_TO_P = 10000
+DEFAULT_ISO_SDU_INTERVAL_P_TO_C = 10000
+DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_TRANSPORT_LATENCY_C_TO_P = 35
+DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_TRANSPORT_LATENCY_P_TO_C = 35
+DEFAULT_ISO_RTN_C_TO_P = 3
+DEFAULT_ISO_RTN_P_TO_C = 3
+
 DEFAULT_LINGER_TIME = 1.0
 DEFAULT_POST_CONNECTION_WAIT_TIME = 1.0
 
@@ -102,14 +122,14 @@ def le_phy_name(phy_id):
     )
 
 
-def print_connection_phy(phy):
+def print_connection_phy(phy: ConnectionPHY) -> None:
     logging.info(
         color('@@@ PHY: ', 'yellow') + f'TX:{le_phy_name(phy.tx_phy)}/'
         f'RX:{le_phy_name(phy.rx_phy)}'
     )
 
 
-def print_connection(connection):
+def print_connection(connection: Connection) -> None:
     params = []
     if connection.transport == PhysicalTransport.LE:
         params.append(
@@ -134,6 +154,34 @@ def print_connection(connection):
     logging.info(color('@@@ Connection: ', 'yellow') + ' '.join(params))
 
 
+def print_cis_link(cis_link: CisLink) -> None:
+    logging.info(color("@@@ CIS established", "green"))
+    logging.info(color('@@@   ISO interval: ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.iso_interval}ms")
+    logging.info(color('@@@   NSE:          ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.nse}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@   Central->Peripheral:', 'green'))
+    if cis_link.phy_c_to_p is not None:
+        logging.info(
+            color('@@@     PHY:     ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.phy_c_to_p.name}"
+        )
+    logging.info(
+        color('@@@     Latency: ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.transport_latency_c_to_p}µs"
+    )
+    logging.info(color('@@@     BN:      ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.bn_c_to_p}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@     FT:      ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.ft_c_to_p}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@     Max PDU: ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.max_pdu_c_to_p}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@   Peripheral->Central:', 'green'))
+    if cis_link.phy_p_to_c is not None:
+        logging.info(
+            color('@@@     PHY:     ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.phy_p_to_c.name}"
+        )
+    logging.info(
+        color('@@@     Latency: ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.transport_latency_p_to_c}µs"
+    )
+    logging.info(color('@@@     BN:      ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.bn_p_to_c}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@     FT:      ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.ft_p_to_c}")
+    logging.info(color('@@@     Max PDU: ', 'green') + f"{cis_link.max_pdu_p_to_c}")
+
+
 def make_sdp_records(channel):
     return {
         0x00010001: [
@@ -197,6 +245,51 @@ async def switch_roles(connection, role):
             logging.info(f'{color("### Role switch failed:", "red")} {error}')
 
 
+async def pre_power_on(device: Device, classic: bool) -> None:
+    device.classic_enabled = classic
+
+    # Set up a pairing config factory with minimal requirements.
+    device.config.keystore = "JsonKeyStore"
+    device.pairing_config_factory = lambda _: PairingConfig(
+        sc=False, mitm=False, bonding=False
+    )
+
+
+async def post_power_on(
+    device: Device,
+    le_scan: Optional[tuple[int, int]],
+    le_advertise: Optional[int],
+    classic_page_scan: bool,
+    classic_inquiry_scan: bool,
+) -> None:
+    if classic_page_scan:
+        logging.info(color("*** Enabling page scan", "blue"))
+        await device.set_connectable(True)
+    if classic_inquiry_scan:
+        logging.info(color("*** Enabling inquiry scan", "blue"))
+        await device.set_discoverable(True)
+
+    if le_scan:
+        scan_window, scan_interval = le_scan
+        logging.info(
+            color(
+                f"*** Starting LE scanning [{scan_window}ms/{scan_interval}ms]",
+                "blue",
+            )
+        )
+        await device.start_scanning(
+            scan_interval=scan_interval, scan_window=scan_window
+        )
+
+    if le_advertise:
+        logging.info(color(f"*** Starting LE advertising [{le_advertise}ms]", "blue"))
+        await device.start_advertising(
+            advertising_interval_min=le_advertise,
+            advertising_interval_max=le_advertise,
+            auto_restart=True,
+        )
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Packet
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -414,7 +507,8 @@ class Sender:
                 self.bytes_sent += len(packet)
                 await self.packet_io.send_packet(packet)
 
-            await self.done.wait()
+            if self.packet_io.can_receive():
+                await self.done.wait()
 
             run_counter = f'[{run + 1} of {self.repeat + 1}]' if self.repeat else ''
             logging.info(color(f'=== {run_counter} Done!', 'magenta'))
@@ -444,6 +538,9 @@ class Sender:
             )
             self.done.set()
 
+    def is_sender(self):
+        return True
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Receiver
@@ -491,7 +588,8 @@ class Receiver:
             logging.info(
                 color(
                     f'!!! Unexpected packet, expected {self.expected_packet_index} '
-                    f'but received {packet.sequence}'
+                    f'but received {packet.sequence}',
+                    'red',
                 )
             )
 
@@ -534,6 +632,9 @@ class Receiver:
         await self.done.wait()
         logging.info(color('=== Done!', 'magenta'))
 
+    def is_sender(self):
+        return False
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Ping
@@ -669,7 +770,8 @@ class Ping:
                     color(
                         f'!!! Unexpected packet, '
                         f'expected {self.next_expected_packet_index} '
-                        f'but received {packet.sequence}'
+                        f'but received {packet.sequence}',
+                        'red',
                     )
                 )
 
@@ -677,6 +779,9 @@ class Ping:
             self.done.set()
             return
 
+    def is_sender(self):
+        return True
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Pong
@@ -721,7 +826,8 @@ class Pong:
             logging.info(
                 color(
                     f'!!! Unexpected packet, expected {self.expected_packet_index} '
-                    f'but received {packet.sequence}'
+                    f'but received {packet.sequence}',
+                    'red',
                 )
             )
 
@@ -743,6 +849,9 @@ class Pong:
         await self.done.wait()
         logging.info(color('=== Done!', 'magenta'))
 
+    def is_sender(self):
+        return False
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # GattClient
@@ -906,6 +1015,9 @@ class StreamedPacketIO:
         # pylint: disable-next=not-callable
         self.io_sink(struct.pack('>H', len(packet)) + packet)
 
+    def can_receive(self):
+        return True
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # L2capClient
@@ -1177,6 +1289,96 @@ class RfcommServer(StreamedPacketIO):
         await self.dlc.drain()
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# IsoClient
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class IsoClient(StreamedPacketIO):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device: Device,
+    ) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self.device = device
+        self.ready = asyncio.Event()
+        self.cis_link: Optional[CisLink] = None
+
+    async def on_connection(
+        self, connection: Connection, cis_link: CisLink, sender: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, self.on_disconnection)
+        self.cis_link = cis_link
+        self.io_sink = cis_link.write
+        await cis_link.setup_data_path(
+            cis_link.Direction.HOST_TO_CONTROLLER
+            if sender
+            else cis_link.Direction.CONTROLLER_TO_HOST
+        )
+        cis_link.sink = self.on_iso_packet
+        self.ready.set()
+
+    def on_iso_packet(self, iso_packet: HCI_IsoDataPacket) -> None:
+        self.on_packet(iso_packet.iso_sdu_fragment)
+
+    def on_disconnection(self, _):
+        pass
+
+    async def drain(self):
+        if self.cis_link is None:
+            return
+        await self.cis_link.drain()
+
+    def can_receive(self):
+        return False
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# IsoServer
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class IsoServer(StreamedPacketIO):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device: Device,
+    ):
+        super().__init__()
+        self.device = device
+        self.cis_link: Optional[CisLink] = None
+        self.ready = asyncio.Event()
+
+        logging.info(
+            color(
+                '### Listening for ISO connection',
+                'yellow',
+            )
+        )
+
+    async def on_connection(
+        self, connection: Connection, cis_link: CisLink, sender: bool
+    ) -> None:
+        connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, self.on_disconnection)
+        self.io_sink = cis_link.write
+        await cis_link.setup_data_path(
+            cis_link.Direction.HOST_TO_CONTROLLER
+            if sender
+            else cis_link.Direction.CONTROLLER_TO_HOST
+        )
+        cis_link.sink = self.on_iso_packet
+        self.ready.set()
+
+    def on_iso_packet(self, iso_packet: HCI_IsoDataPacket) -> None:
+        self.on_packet(iso_packet.iso_sdu_fragment)
+
+    def on_disconnection(self, _):
+        pass
+
+    async def drain(self):
+        if self.cis_link is None:
+            return
+        await self.cis_link.drain()
+
+    def can_receive(self):
+        return False
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Central
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -1185,26 +1387,52 @@ class Central(Connection.Listener):
         self,
         transport,
         peripheral_address,
-        classic,
         scenario_factory,
         mode_factory,
         connection_interval,
         phy,
         authenticate,
         encrypt,
+        iso,
+        iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p,
+        iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c,
+        iso_max_sdu_c_to_p,
+        iso_max_sdu_p_to_c,
+        iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p,
+        iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c,
+        iso_rtn_c_to_p,
+        iso_rtn_p_to_c,
+        classic,
         extended_data_length,
         role_switch,
+        le_scan,
+        le_advertise,
+        classic_page_scan,
+        classic_inquiry_scan,
     ):
         super().__init__()
         self.transport = transport
         self.peripheral_address = peripheral_address
         self.classic = classic
+        self.iso = iso
+        self.iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p = iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p
+        self.iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c = iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c
+        self.iso_max_sdu_c_to_p = iso_max_sdu_c_to_p
+        self.iso_max_sdu_p_to_c = iso_max_sdu_p_to_c
+        self.iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p = iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p
+        self.iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c = iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c
+        self.iso_rtn_c_to_p = iso_rtn_c_to_p
+        self.iso_rtn_p_to_c = iso_rtn_p_to_c
         self.scenario_factory = scenario_factory
         self.mode_factory = mode_factory
         self.authenticate = authenticate
         self.encrypt = encrypt or authenticate
         self.extended_data_length = extended_data_length
         self.role_switch = role_switch
+        self.le_scan = le_scan
+        self.le_advertise = le_advertise
+        self.classic_page_scan = classic_page_scan
+        self.classic_inquiry_scan = classic_inquiry_scan
         self.device = None
         self.connection = None
 
@@ -1241,7 +1469,7 @@ class Central(Connection.Listener):
 
     async def run(self):
         logging.info(color('>>> Connecting to HCI...', 'green'))
-        async with await open_transport_or_link(self.transport) as (
+        async with await open_transport(self.transport) as (
             hci_source,
             hci_sink,
         ):
@@ -1254,18 +1482,22 @@ class Central(Connection.Listener):
             mode = self.mode_factory(self.device)
             scenario = self.scenario_factory(mode)
             self.device.classic_enabled = self.classic
+            self.device.cis_enabled = self.iso
 
             # Set up a pairing config factory with minimal requirements.
-            self.device.config.keystore = "JsonKeyStore"
             self.device.pairing_config_factory = lambda _: PairingConfig(
                 sc=False, mitm=False, bonding=False
             )
 
+            await pre_power_on(self.device, self.classic)
             await self.device.power_on()
-
+            await post_power_on(
-            if self.classic:
+                self.device,
-                await self.device.set_discoverable(False)
+                self.le_scan,
-                await self.device.set_connectable(False)
+                self.le_advertise,
+                self.classic_page_scan,
+                self.classic_inquiry_scan,
+            )
 
             logging.info(
                 color(f'### Connecting to {self.peripheral_address}...', 'cyan')
@@ -1340,7 +1572,72 @@ class Central(Connection.Listener):
                         )
                     )
 
-            await mode.on_connection(self.connection)
+            # Setup ISO streams.
+            if self.iso:
+                if scenario.is_sender():
+                    sdu_interval_c_to_p = (
+                        self.iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p or DEFAULT_ISO_SDU_INTERVAL_C_TO_P
+                    )
+                    sdu_interval_p_to_c = self.iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c or 0
+                    max_transport_latency_c_to_p = (
+                        self.iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p
+                        or DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_TRANSPORT_LATENCY_C_TO_P
+                    )
+                    max_transport_latency_p_to_c = (
+                        self.iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c or 0
+                    )
+                    max_sdu_c_to_p = (
+                        self.iso_max_sdu_c_to_p or DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_SDU_C_TO_P
+                    )
+                    max_sdu_p_to_c = self.iso_max_sdu_p_to_c or 0
+                    rtn_c_to_p = self.iso_rtn_c_to_p or DEFAULT_ISO_RTN_C_TO_P
+                    rtn_p_to_c = self.iso_rtn_p_to_c or 0
+                else:
+                    sdu_interval_p_to_c = (
+                        self.iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c or DEFAULT_ISO_SDU_INTERVAL_P_TO_C
+                    )
+                    sdu_interval_c_to_p = self.iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p or 0
+                    max_transport_latency_p_to_c = (
+                        self.iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c
+                        or DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_TRANSPORT_LATENCY_P_TO_C
+                    )
+                    max_transport_latency_c_to_p = (
+                        self.iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p or 0
+                    )
+                    max_sdu_p_to_c = (
+                        self.iso_max_sdu_p_to_c or DEFAULT_ISO_MAX_SDU_P_TO_C
+                    )
+                    max_sdu_c_to_p = self.iso_max_sdu_c_to_p or 0
+                    rtn_p_to_c = self.iso_rtn_p_to_c or DEFAULT_ISO_RTN_P_TO_C
+                    rtn_c_to_p = self.iso_rtn_c_to_p or 0
+                cis_handles = await self.device.setup_cig(
+                    CigParameters(
+                        cig_id=1,
+                        sdu_interval_c_to_p=sdu_interval_c_to_p,
+                        sdu_interval_p_to_c=sdu_interval_p_to_c,
+                        max_transport_latency_c_to_p=max_transport_latency_c_to_p,
+                        max_transport_latency_p_to_c=max_transport_latency_p_to_c,
+                        cis_parameters=[
+                            CigParameters.CisParameters(
+                                cis_id=2,
+                                max_sdu_c_to_p=max_sdu_c_to_p,
+                                max_sdu_p_to_c=max_sdu_p_to_c,
+                                rtn_c_to_p=rtn_c_to_p,
+                                rtn_p_to_c=rtn_p_to_c,
+                            )
+                        ],
+                    )
+                )
+                cis_link = (
+                    await self.device.create_cis([(cis_handles[0], self.connection)])
+                )[0]
+                print_cis_link(cis_link)
+
+                await mode.on_connection(
+                    self.connection, cis_link, scenario.is_sender()
+                )
+            else:
+                await mode.on_connection(self.connection)
 
             await scenario.run()
             await asyncio.sleep(DEFAULT_LINGER_TIME)
@@ -1376,24 +1673,38 @@ class Peripheral(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
         scenario_factory,
         mode_factory,
         classic,
+        iso,
         extended_data_length,
         role_switch,
+        le_scan,
+        le_advertise,
+        classic_page_scan,
+        classic_inquiry_scan,
     ):
         self.transport = transport
         self.classic = classic
+        self.iso = iso
         self.scenario_factory = scenario_factory
         self.mode_factory = mode_factory
         self.extended_data_length = extended_data_length
         self.role_switch = role_switch
+        self.le_scan = le_scan
+        self.classic_page_scan = classic_page_scan
+        self.classic_inquiry_scan = classic_inquiry_scan
         self.scenario = None
         self.mode = None
         self.device = None
         self.connection = None
         self.connected = asyncio.Event()
 
+        if le_advertise:
+            self.le_advertise = le_advertise
+        else:
+            self.le_advertise = 0 if classic else DEFAULT_ADVERTISING_INTERVAL
+
     async def run(self):
         logging.info(color('>>> Connecting to HCI...', 'green'))
-        async with await open_transport_or_link(self.transport) as (
+        async with await open_transport(self.transport) as (
             hci_source,
             hci_sink,
         ):
@@ -1407,20 +1718,22 @@ class Peripheral(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
             self.mode = self.mode_factory(self.device)
             self.scenario = self.scenario_factory(self.mode)
             self.device.classic_enabled = self.classic
+            self.device.cis_enabled = self.iso
 
             # Set up a pairing config factory with minimal requirements.
-            self.device.config.keystore = "JsonKeyStore"
             self.device.pairing_config_factory = lambda _: PairingConfig(
                 sc=False, mitm=False, bonding=False
             )
 
+            await pre_power_on(self.device, self.classic)
             await self.device.power_on()
-
+            await post_power_on(
-            if self.classic:
+                self.device,
-                await self.device.set_discoverable(True)
+                self.le_scan,
-                await self.device.set_connectable(True)
+                self.le_advertise,
-            else:
+                self.classic or self.classic_page_scan,
-                await self.device.start_advertising(auto_restart=True)
+                self.classic or self.classic_inquiry_scan,
+            )
 
             if self.classic:
                 logging.info(
@@ -1442,7 +1755,21 @@ class Peripheral(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
             logging.info(color('### Connected', 'cyan'))
             print_connection(self.connection)
 
-            await self.mode.on_connection(self.connection)
+            if self.iso:
+
+                async def on_cis_request(cis_link: CisLink) -> None:
+                    logging.info(color("@@@ Accepting CIS", "green"))
+                    await self.device.accept_cis_request(cis_link)
+                    print_cis_link(cis_link)
+
+                    await self.mode.on_connection(
+                        self.connection, cis_link, self.scenario.is_sender()
+                    )
+
+                self.connection.on(self.connection.EVENT_CIS_REQUEST, on_cis_request)
+            else:
+                await self.mode.on_connection(self.connection)
+
             await self.scenario.run()
             await asyncio.sleep(DEFAULT_LINGER_TIME)
 
@@ -1451,10 +1778,14 @@ class Peripheral(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
         self.connection = connection
         self.connected.set()
 
-        # Stop being discoverable and connectable
+        # Stop being discoverable and connectable if possible
         if self.classic:
-            AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_discoverable(False))
+            if not self.classic_inquiry_scan:
-            AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_connectable(False))
+                logging.info(color("*** Stopping inquiry scan", "blue"))
+                AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_discoverable(False))
+            if not self.classic_page_scan:
+                logging.info(color("*** Stopping page scan", "blue"))
+                AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_connectable(False))
 
         # Request a new data length if needed
         if not self.classic and self.extended_data_length:
@@ -1475,7 +1806,9 @@ class Peripheral(Device.Listener, Connection.Listener):
         self.scenario.reset()
 
         if self.classic:
+            logging.info(color("*** Enabling inquiry scan", "blue"))
             AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_discoverable(True))
+            logging.info(color("*** Enabling page scan", "blue"))
             AsyncRunner.spawn(self.device.set_connectable(True))
 
     def on_connection_parameters_update(self):
@@ -1548,6 +1881,12 @@ def create_mode_factory(ctx, default_mode):
                 credits_threshold=ctx.obj['rfcomm_credits_threshold'],
             )
 
+        if mode == 'iso-server':
+            return IsoServer(device)
+
+        if mode == 'iso-client':
+            return IsoClient(device)
+
         raise ValueError('invalid mode')
 
     return create_mode
@@ -1575,6 +1914,9 @@ def create_scenario_factory(ctx, default_scenario):
             return Receiver(packet_io, ctx.obj['linger'])
 
         if scenario == 'ping':
+            if isinstance(packet_io, (IsoClient, IsoServer)):
+                raise ValueError('ping not supported with ISO')
+
             return Ping(
                 packet_io,
                 start_delay=ctx.obj['start_delay'],
@@ -1586,6 +1928,9 @@ def create_scenario_factory(ctx, default_scenario):
             )
 
         if scenario == 'pong':
+            if isinstance(packet_io, (IsoClient, IsoServer)):
+                raise ValueError('pong not supported with ISO')
+
             return Pong(packet_io, ctx.obj['linger'])
 
         raise ValueError('invalid scenario')
@@ -1609,6 +1954,8 @@ def create_scenario_factory(ctx, default_scenario):
             'l2cap-server',
             'rfcomm-client',
             'rfcomm-server',
+            'iso-client',
+            'iso-server',
         ]
     ),
 )
@@ -1621,6 +1968,7 @@ def create_scenario_factory(ctx, default_scenario):
 )
 @click.option(
     '--extended-data-length',
+    metavar='<TX-OCTETS>/<TX-TIME>',
     help='Request a data length upon connection, specified as tx_octets/tx_time',
 )
 @click.option(
@@ -1628,6 +1976,26 @@ def create_scenario_factory(ctx, default_scenario):
     type=click.Choice(['central', 'peripheral']),
     help='Request role switch upon connection (central or peripheral)',
 )
+@click.option(
+    '--le-scan',
+    metavar='<WINDOW>/<INTERVAL>',
+    help='Perform an LE scan with a given window and interval (milliseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--le-advertise',
+    metavar='<INTERVAL>',
+    help='Advertise with a given interval (milliseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--classic-page-scan',
+    is_flag=True,
+    help='Enable Classic page scanning',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--classic-inquiry-scan',
+    is_flag=True,
+    help='Enable Classic enquiry scanning',
+)
 @click.option(
     '--rfcomm-channel',
     type=int,
@@ -1753,6 +2121,10 @@ def bench(
     att_mtu,
     extended_data_length,
     role_switch,
+    le_scan,
+    le_advertise,
+    classic_page_scan,
+    classic_inquiry_scan,
     packet_size,
     packet_count,
     start_delay,
@@ -1801,7 +2173,12 @@ def bench(
         else None
     )
     ctx.obj['role_switch'] = role_switch
+    ctx.obj['le_scan'] = [float(x) for x in le_scan.split('/')] if le_scan else None
+    ctx.obj['le_advertise'] = float(le_advertise) if le_advertise else None
+    ctx.obj['classic_page_scan'] = classic_page_scan
+    ctx.obj['classic_inquiry_scan'] = classic_inquiry_scan
     ctx.obj['classic'] = mode in ('rfcomm-client', 'rfcomm-server')
+    ctx.obj['iso'] = mode in ('iso-client', 'iso-server')
 
 
 @bench.command()
@@ -1823,28 +2200,94 @@ def bench(
 @click.option('--phy', type=click.Choice(['1m', '2m', 'coded']), help='PHY to use')
 @click.option('--authenticate', is_flag=True, help='Authenticate (RFComm only)')
 @click.option('--encrypt', is_flag=True, help='Encrypt the connection (RFComm only)')
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-sdu-interval-c-to-p',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO SDU central -> peripheral (microseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-sdu-interval-p-to-c',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO SDU interval peripheral -> central (microseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-max-sdu-c-to-p',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO max SDU central -> peripheral',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-max-sdu-p-to-c',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO max SDU peripheral -> central',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-max-transport-latency-c-to-p',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO max transport latency central -> peripheral (milliseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-max-transport-latency-p-to-c',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO max transport latency peripheral -> central (milliseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-rtn-c-to-p',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO RTN central -> peripheral (integer count)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--iso-rtn-p-to-c',
+    type=int,
+    help='ISO RTN peripheral -> central (integer count)',
+)
 @click.pass_context
 def central(
-    ctx, transport, peripheral_address, connection_interval, phy, authenticate, encrypt
+    ctx,
+    transport,
+    peripheral_address,
+    connection_interval,
+    phy,
+    authenticate,
+    encrypt,
+    iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p,
+    iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c,
+    iso_max_sdu_c_to_p,
+    iso_max_sdu_p_to_c,
+    iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p,
+    iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c,
+    iso_rtn_c_to_p,
+    iso_rtn_p_to_c,
 ):
     """Run as a central (initiates the connection)"""
     scenario_factory = create_scenario_factory(ctx, 'send')
     mode_factory = create_mode_factory(ctx, 'gatt-client')
-    classic = ctx.obj['classic']
 
     async def run_central():
         await Central(
             transport,
             peripheral_address,
-            classic,
             scenario_factory,
             mode_factory,
             connection_interval,
             phy,
             authenticate,
             encrypt or authenticate,
+            ctx.obj['iso'],
+            iso_sdu_interval_c_to_p,
+            iso_sdu_interval_p_to_c,
+            iso_max_sdu_c_to_p,
+            iso_max_sdu_p_to_c,
+            iso_max_transport_latency_c_to_p,
+            iso_max_transport_latency_p_to_c,
+            iso_rtn_c_to_p,
+            iso_rtn_p_to_c,
+            ctx.obj['classic'],
             ctx.obj['extended_data_length'],
             ctx.obj['role_switch'],
+            ctx.obj['le_scan'],
+            ctx.obj['le_advertise'],
+            ctx.obj['classic_page_scan'],
+            ctx.obj['classic_inquiry_scan'],
         ).run()
 
     asyncio.run(run_central())
@@ -1864,19 +2307,20 @@ def peripheral(ctx, transport):
             scenario_factory,
             mode_factory,
             ctx.obj['classic'],
+            ctx.obj['iso'],
             ctx.obj['extended_data_length'],
             ctx.obj['role_switch'],
+            ctx.obj['le_scan'],
+            ctx.obj['le_advertise'],
+            ctx.obj['classic_page_scan'],
+            ctx.obj['classic_inquiry_scan'],
         ).run()
 
     asyncio.run(run_peripheral())
 
 
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('INFO')
-        level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper(),
-        format="[%(asctime)s.%(msecs)03d] %(levelname)s:%(name)s:%(message)s",
-        datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
-    )
     bench()
 
 

apps/ble_rpa_tool.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 import click
+
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.hci import Address
 from bumble.helpers import generate_irk, verify_rpa_with_irk

apps/console.py

@@ -23,58 +23,55 @@ import asyncio
 import logging
 import os
 import re
-import humanize
-from typing import Optional, Union
 from collections import OrderedDict
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import click
+import humanize
 from prettytable import PrettyTable
-
 from prompt_toolkit import Application
-from prompt_toolkit.history import FileHistory
 from prompt_toolkit.completion import Completer, Completion, NestedCompleter
-from prompt_toolkit.key_binding import KeyBindings
-from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import ANSI
-from prompt_toolkit.styles import Style
-from prompt_toolkit.filters import Condition
-from prompt_toolkit.widgets import TextArea, Frame
-from prompt_toolkit.widgets.toolbars import FormattedTextToolbar
 from prompt_toolkit.data_structures import Point
+from prompt_toolkit.filters import Condition
+from prompt_toolkit.formatted_text import ANSI
+from prompt_toolkit.history import FileHistory
+from prompt_toolkit.key_binding import KeyBindings
 from prompt_toolkit.layout import (
-    Layout,
-    HSplit,
-    Window,
     CompletionsMenu,
-    Float,
-    FormattedTextControl,
-    FloatContainer,
     ConditionalContainer,
     Dimension,
+    Float,
+    FloatContainer,
+    FormattedTextControl,
+    HSplit,
+    Layout,
+    Window,
 )
+from prompt_toolkit.styles import Style
+from prompt_toolkit.widgets import Frame, TextArea
+from prompt_toolkit.widgets.toolbars import FormattedTextToolbar
 
-from bumble import __version__
 import bumble.core
-from bumble import colors
+from bumble import __version__, colors
-from bumble.core import UUID, AdvertisingData, PhysicalTransport
+from bumble.core import UUID, AdvertisingData
 from bumble.device import (
+    Connection,
     ConnectionParametersPreferences,
     ConnectionPHY,
     Device,
-    Connection,
     Peer,
 )
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
+from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, CharacteristicDeclaration, Descriptor, Service
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
-from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, Service, CharacteristicDeclaration, Descriptor
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
 from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    HCI_Constant,
     HCI_LE_1M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_2M_PHY,
     HCI_LE_CODED_PHY,
+    Address,
+    HCI_Constant,
 )
-
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -291,7 +288,7 @@ class ConsoleApp:
     async def run_async(self, device_config, transport):
         rssi_monitoring_task = asyncio.create_task(self.rssi_monitor_loop())
 
-        async with await open_transport_or_link(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+        async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
             if device_config:
                 self.device = Device.from_config_file_with_hci(
                     device_config, hci_source, hci_sink

apps/controller_info.py

@@ -16,49 +16,48 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
-import logging
 import time
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
 from bumble.core import name_or_number
 from bumble.hci import (
-    map_null_terminated_utf8_string,
+    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
-    CodecID,
+    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_V2_COMMAND,
-    LeFeature,
+    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_ADVERTISING_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_NUMBER_OF_SUPPORTED_ADVERTISING_SETS_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_READ_SUGGESTED_DEFAULT_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_BD_ADDR_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
+    HCI_READ_LOCAL_NAME_COMMAND,
     HCI_SUCCESS,
     HCI_VERSION_NAMES,
     LMP_VERSION_NAMES,
+    CodecID,
     HCI_Command,
     HCI_Command_Complete_Event,
     HCI_Command_Status_Event,
-    HCI_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_V2_COMMAND,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_V2_Command,
-    HCI_READ_BD_ADDR_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_BD_ADDR_Command,
-    HCI_READ_LOCAL_NAME_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Local_Name_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_BUFFER_SIZE_COMMAND,
     HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Buffer_Size_V2_Command,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Data_Length_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_NUMBER_OF_SUPPORTED_ADVERTISING_SETS_COMMAND,
-    HCI_LE_Read_Number_Of_Supported_Advertising_Sets_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_MAXIMUM_ADVERTISING_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
     HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Advertising_Data_Length_Command,
-    HCI_LE_READ_SUGGESTED_DEFAULT_DATA_LENGTH_COMMAND,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Maximum_Data_Length_Command,
+    HCI_LE_Read_Number_Of_Supported_Advertising_Sets_Command,
     HCI_LE_Read_Suggested_Default_Data_Length_Command,
+    HCI_Read_BD_ADDR_Command,
+    HCI_Read_Buffer_Size_Command,
+    HCI_Read_Local_Name_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Supported_Codecs_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Supported_Codecs_V2_Command,
     HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command,
+    LeFeature,
+    map_null_terminated_utf8_string,
 )
 from bumble.host import Host
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -242,28 +241,43 @@ async def get_codecs_info(host: Host) -> None:
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-async def async_main(latency_probes, transport):
+async def async_main(
+    latency_probes, latency_probe_interval, latency_probe_command, transport
+):
     print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
         print('<<< connected')
 
         host = Host(hci_source, hci_sink)
         await host.reset()
 
         # Measure the latency if requested
+        # (we add an extra probe at the start, that we ignore, just to ensure that
+        # the transport is primed)
         latencies = []
         if latency_probes:
-            for _ in range(latency_probes):
+            if latency_probe_command:
+                probe_hci_command = HCI_Command.from_bytes(
+                    bytes.fromhex(latency_probe_command)
+                )
+            else:
+                probe_hci_command = HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command()
+
+            for iteration in range(1 + latency_probes):
+                if latency_probe_interval:
+                    await asyncio.sleep(latency_probe_interval / 1000)
                 start = time.time()
-                await host.send_command(HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command())
+                await host.send_command(probe_hci_command)
-                latencies.append(1000 * (time.time() - start))
+                if iteration:
+                    latencies.append(1000 * (time.time() - start))
             print(
                 color('HCI Command Latency:', 'yellow'),
                 (
                     f'min={min(latencies):.2f}, '
                     f'max={max(latencies):.2f}, '
-                    f'average={sum(latencies)/len(latencies):.2f}'
+                    f'average={sum(latencies)/len(latencies):.2f},'
                 ),
+                [f'{latency:.4}' for latency in latencies],
                 '\n',
             )
 
@@ -311,10 +325,28 @@ async def async_main(latency_probes, transport):
     type=int,
     help='Send N commands to measure HCI transport latency statistics',
 )
+@click.option(
+    '--latency-probe-interval',
+    metavar='INTERVAL',
+    type=int,
+    help='Interval between latency probes (milliseconds)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--latency-probe-command',
+    metavar='COMMAND_HEX',
+    help=(
+        'Probe command (HCI Command packet bytes, in hex. Use 0177FC00 for'
+        ' a loopback test with the HCI remote proxy app)'
+    ),
+)
 @click.argument('transport')
-def main(latency_probes, transport):
+def main(latency_probes, latency_probe_interval, latency_probe_command, transport):
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
-    asyncio.run(async_main(latency_probes, transport))
+    asyncio.run(
+        async_main(
+            latency_probes, latency_probe_interval, latency_probe_command, transport
+        )
+    )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

apps/controller_loopback.py

@@ -16,21 +16,22 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import logging
-import os
 import time
 from typing import Optional
+
+import click
+
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_READ_LOOPBACK_MODE_COMMAND,
-    HCI_Read_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     HCI_WRITE_LOOPBACK_MODE_COMMAND,
+    HCI_Read_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     HCI_Write_Loopback_Mode_Command,
     LoopbackMode,
 )
 from bumble.host import Host
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
-import click
 
 
 class Loopback:
@@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ class Loopback:
     async def run(self):
         """Run a loopback throughput test"""
         print(color('>>> Connecting to HCI...', 'green'))
-        async with await open_transport_or_link(self.transport) as (
+        async with await open_transport(self.transport) as (
             hci_source,
             hci_sink,
         ):
@@ -194,8 +195,7 @@ class Loopback:
 )
 @click.argument('transport')
 def main(packet_size, packet_count, transport):
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
-
     loopback = Loopback(packet_size, packet_count, transport)
     asyncio.run(loopback.run())
 

apps/controllers.py

@@ -15,14 +15,13 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import logging
 import asyncio
 import sys
-import os
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.controller import Controller
 from bumble.link import LocalLink
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -42,7 +41,7 @@ async def async_main():
     transports = []
     controllers = []
     for index, transport_name in enumerate(sys.argv[1:]):
-        transport = await open_transport_or_link(transport_name)
+        transport = await open_transport(transport_name)
         transports.append(transport)
         controller = Controller(
             f'C{index}',
@@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ async def async_main():
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     asyncio.run(async_main())
 
 

apps/device_info.py

@@ -16,23 +16,22 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
-import logging
 from typing import Callable, Iterable, Optional
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.core import ProtocolError
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import ProtocolError
 from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import Service
-from bumble.profiles.device_information_service import DeviceInformationServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.battery_service import BatteryServiceProxy
+from bumble.profiles.device_information_service import DeviceInformationServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.gap import GenericAccessServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.pacs import PublishedAudioCapabilitiesServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.tmap import TelephonyAndMediaAudioServiceProxy
 from bumble.profiles.vcs import VolumeControlServiceProxy
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -215,7 +214,7 @@ async def show_device_info(peer, done: Optional[asyncio.Future]) -> None:
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
 
         # Create a device
         if device_config:
@@ -267,7 +266,7 @@ def main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
     Dump the GATT database on a remote device. If ADDRESS_OR_NAME is not specified,
     wait for an incoming connection.
     """
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     asyncio.run(async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name))
 
 

apps/gatt_dump.py

@@ -16,15 +16,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
+
-import logging
 import click
 
 import bumble.core
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import show_services
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ async def dump_gatt_db(peer, done):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
 
         # Create a device
         if device_config:
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name):
     Dump the GATT database on a remote device. If ADDRESS_OR_NAME is not specified,
     wait for an incoming connection.
     """
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     asyncio.run(async_main(device_config, encrypt, transport, address_or_name))
 
 

apps/gg_bridge.py

@@ -16,20 +16,19 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
 import struct
-import logging
+
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.gatt import Service, Characteristic, CharacteristicValue
+from bumble.device import Device, Peer
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
+from bumble.gatt import Characteristic, CharacteristicValue, Service
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
 from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
-
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -325,7 +324,7 @@ async def run(
     receive_port,
 ):
     print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
         print('<<< connected')
 
         # Instantiate a bridge object
@@ -383,6 +382,7 @@ def main(
     receive_host,
     receive_port,
 ):
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
     asyncio.run(
         run(
             hci_transport,
@@ -397,6 +397,5 @@ def main(
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
 if __name__ == '__main__':
     main()

apps/hci_bridge.py

@@ -12,14 +12,15 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import asyncio
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
-import asyncio
-import os
 import sys
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import hci, transport
 from bumble.bridge import HCI_Bridge
 
@@ -46,14 +47,14 @@ async def async_main():
         return
 
     print('>>> connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await transport.open_transport_or_link(sys.argv[1]) as (
+    async with await transport.open_transport(sys.argv[1]) as (
         hci_host_source,
         hci_host_sink,
     ):
         print('>>> connected')
 
         print('>>> connecting to HCI...')
-        async with await transport.open_transport_or_link(sys.argv[2]) as (
+        async with await transport.open_transport(sys.argv[2]) as (
             hci_controller_source,
             hci_controller_sink,
         ):
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ async def async_main():
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     asyncio.run(async_main())
 
 

apps/l2cap_bridge.py

@@ -16,16 +16,16 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import logging
+
-import os
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
 from bumble.device import Device
-from bumble.utils import FlowControlAsyncPipe
 from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import FlowControlAsyncPipe
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ class ClientBridge:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def run(device_config, hci_transport, bridge):
     print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
         print('<<< connected')
 
         device = Device.from_config_file_with_hci(device_config, hci_source, hci_sink)
@@ -356,6 +356,6 @@ def client(context, bluetooth_address, tcp_host, tcp_port):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
 if __name__ == '__main__':
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
     cli(obj={})  # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter

apps/lea_unicast/app.py

@@ -20,31 +20,30 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import asyncio
 import datetime
 import functools
-from importlib import resources
 import json
-import os
 import logging
 import pathlib
-import weakref
 import wave
+import weakref
+from importlib import resources
 
 try:
     import lc3  # type: ignore  # pylint: disable=E0401
 except ImportError as e:
     raise ImportError("Try `python -m pip install \".[lc3]\"`.") from e
 
-import click
 import aiohttp.web
+import click
 
 import bumble
-from bumble import utils
+import bumble.logging
-from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
+from bumble import data_types, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, DeviceConfiguration, AdvertisingParameters, CisLink
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.device import AdvertisingParameters, CisLink, Device, DeviceConfiguration
-from bumble.profiles import ascs, bap, pacs
 from bumble.hci import Address, CodecID, CodingFormat, HCI_IsoDataPacket
-
+from bumble.profiles import ascs, bap, pacs
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -331,17 +330,13 @@ class Speaker:
             advertising_data = bytes(
                 AdvertisingData(
                     [
-                        (
+                        data_types.CompleteLocalName(device_config.name),
-                            AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LOCAL_NAME,
+                        data_types.Flags(
-                            bytes(device_config.name, 'utf-8'),
+                            AdvertisingData.Flags.LE_GENERAL_DISCOVERABLE_MODE
+                            | AdvertisingData.Flags.BR_EDR_NOT_SUPPORTED
                         ),
-                        (
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf16BitServiceUUIDs(
-                            AdvertisingData.FLAGS,
+                            [pacs.PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService.UUID]
-                            bytes([AdvertisingData.LE_GENERAL_DISCOVERABLE_MODE_FLAG]),
-                        ),
-                        (
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            bytes(pacs.PublishedAudioCapabilitiesService.UUID),
                         ),
                     ]
                 )
@@ -449,7 +444,7 @@ def speaker(ui_port: int, device_config: str, transport: str, lc3_file: str) ->
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
     speaker()
 
 

apps/link_relay/link_relay.py

@@ -1,289 +0,0 @@
-# Copyright 2021-2022 Google LLC
-#
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
-# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
-# You may obtain a copy of the License at
-#
-#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
-#
-# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
-# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
-# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
-# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
-# limitations under the License.
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Imports
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import sys
-import logging
-import json
-import asyncio
-import argparse
-import uuid
-import os
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
-import websockets
-
-from bumble.colors import color
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Logging
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Constants
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-DEFAULT_RELAY_PORT = 10723
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Utils
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def error_to_json(error):
-    return json.dumps({'error': error})
-
-
-def error_to_result(error):
-    return f'result:{error_to_json(error)}'
-
-
-async def broadcast_message(message, connections):
-    # Send to all the connections
-    tasks = [connection.send_message(message) for connection in connections]
-    if tasks:
-        await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Connection class
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class Connection:
-    """
-    A Connection represents a client connected to the relay over a websocket
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, room, websocket):
-        self.room = room
-        self.websocket = websocket
-        self.address = str(uuid.uuid4())
-
-    async def send_message(self, message):
-        try:
-            logger.debug(color(f'->{self.address}: {message}', 'yellow'))
-            return await self.websocket.send(message)
-        except websockets.exceptions.WebSocketException as error:
-            logger.info(f'! client "{self}" disconnected: {error}')
-            await self.cleanup()
-
-    async def send_error(self, error):
-        return await self.send_message(f'result:{error_to_json(error)}')
-
-    async def receive_message(self):
-        try:
-            message = await self.websocket.recv()
-            logger.debug(color(f'<-{self.address}: {message}', 'blue'))
-            return message
-        except websockets.exceptions.WebSocketException as error:
-            logger.info(color(f'! client "{self}" disconnected: {error}', 'red'))
-            await self.cleanup()
-
-    async def cleanup(self):
-        if self.room:
-            await self.room.remove_connection(self)
-
-    def set_address(self, address):
-        logger.info(f'Connection address changed: {self.address} -> {address}')
-        self.address = address
-
-    def __str__(self):
-        return (
-            f'Connection(address="{self.address}", '
-            f'client={self.websocket.remote_address[0]}:'
-            f'{self.websocket.remote_address[1]})'
-        )
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Room class
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class Room:
-    """
-    A Room is a collection of bridged connections
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, relay, name):
-        self.relay = relay
-        self.name = name
-        self.observers = []
-        self.connections = []
-
-    async def add_connection(self, connection):
-        logger.info(f'New participant in {self.name}: {connection}')
-        self.connections.append(connection)
-        await self.broadcast_message(connection, f'joined:{connection.address}')
-
-    async def remove_connection(self, connection):
-        if connection in self.connections:
-            self.connections.remove(connection)
-            await self.broadcast_message(connection, f'left:{connection.address}')
-
-    def find_connections_by_address(self, address):
-        return [c for c in self.connections if c.address == address]
-
-    async def bridge_connection(self, connection):
-        while True:
-            # Wait for a message
-            message = await connection.receive_message()
-
-            # Skip empty messages
-            if message is None:
-                return
-
-            # Parse the message to decide how to handle it
-            if message.startswith('@'):
-                # This is a targeted message
-                await self.on_targeted_message(connection, message)
-            elif message.startswith('/'):
-                # This is an RPC request
-                await self.on_rpc_request(connection, message)
-            else:
-                await connection.send_message(
-                    f'result:{error_to_json("error: invalid message")}'
-                )
-
-    async def broadcast_message(self, sender, message):
-        '''
-        Send to all connections in the room except back to the sender
-        '''
-        await broadcast_message(message, [c for c in self.connections if c != sender])
-
-    async def on_rpc_request(self, connection, message):
-        command, *params = message.split(' ', 1)
-        if handler := getattr(
-            self, f'on_{command[1:].lower().replace("-","_")}_command', None
-        ):
-            try:
-                result = await handler(connection, params)
-            except Exception as error:
-                result = error_to_result(error)
-        else:
-            result = error_to_result('unknown command')
-
-        await connection.send_message(result or 'result:{}')
-
-    async def on_targeted_message(self, connection, message):
-        target, *payload = message.split(' ', 1)
-        if not payload:
-            return error_to_json('missing arguments')
-        payload = payload[0]
-        target = target[1:]
-
-        # Determine what targets to send to
-        if target == '*':
-            # Send to all connections in the room except the connection from which the
-            # message was received
-            connections = [c for c in self.connections if c != connection]
-        else:
-            connections = self.find_connections_by_address(target)
-            if not connections:
-                # Unicast with no recipient, let the sender know
-                await connection.send_message(f'unreachable:{target}')
-
-        # Send to targets
-        await broadcast_message(f'message:{connection.address}/{payload}', connections)
-
-    async def on_set_address_command(self, connection, params):
-        if not params:
-            return error_to_result('missing address')
-
-        current_address = connection.address
-        new_address = params[0]
-        connection.set_address(new_address)
-        await self.broadcast_message(
-            connection, f'address-changed:from={current_address},to={new_address}'
-        )
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class Relay:
-    """
-    A relay accepts connections with the following url: ws://<hostname>/<room>.
-    Participants in a room can communicate with each other
-    """
-
-    def __init__(self, port):
-        self.port = port
-        self.rooms = {}
-        self.observers = []
-
-    def start(self):
-        logger.info(f'Starting Relay on port {self.port}')
-
-        # pylint: disable-next=no-member
-        return websockets.serve(self.serve, '0.0.0.0', self.port, ping_interval=None)
-
-    async def serve_as_controller(self, connection):
-        pass
-
-    async def serve(self, websocket, path):
-        logger.debug(f'New connection with path {path}')
-
-        # Parse the path
-        parsed = urlparse(path)
-
-        # Check if this is a controller client
-        if parsed.path == '/':
-            return await self.serve_as_controller(Connection('', websocket))
-
-        # Find or create a room for this connection
-        room_name = parsed.path[1:].split('/')[0]
-        if room_name not in self.rooms:
-            self.rooms[room_name] = Room(self, room_name)
-        room = self.rooms[room_name]
-
-        # Add the connection to the room
-        connection = Connection(room, websocket)
-        await room.add_connection(connection)
-
-        # Bridge until the connection is closed
-        await room.bridge_connection(connection)
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def main():
-    # Check the Python version
-    if sys.version_info < (3, 6, 1):
-        print('ERROR: Python 3.6.1 or higher is required')
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
-
-    # Parse arguments
-    arg_parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Bumble Link Relay')
-    arg_parser.add_argument('--log-level', default='INFO', help='logger level')
-    arg_parser.add_argument('--log-config', help='logger config file (YAML)')
-    arg_parser.add_argument(
-        '--port', type=int, default=DEFAULT_RELAY_PORT, help='Port to listen on'
-    )
-    args = arg_parser.parse_args()
-
-    # Setup logger
-    if args.log_config:
-        from logging import config  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
-
-        config.fileConfig(args.log_config)
-    else:
-        logging.basicConfig(level=getattr(logging, args.log_level.upper()))
-
-    # Start a relay
-    relay = Relay(args.port)
-    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_until_complete(relay.start())
-    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()
-
-
-# ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()

apps/link_relay/logging.yml

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-[loggers]
-keys=root
-
-[handlers]
-keys=stream_handler
-
-[formatters]
-keys=formatter
-
-[logger_root]
-level=DEBUG
-handlers=stream_handler
-
-[handler_stream_handler]
-class=StreamHandler
-level=DEBUG
-formatter=formatter
-args=(sys.stderr,)
-
-[formatter_formatter]
-format=%(asctime)s %(name)-12s %(levelname)-8s %(message)s

apps/pair.py

@@ -16,42 +16,44 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
 import logging
+import os
 import struct
 
 import click
 from prompt_toolkit.shortcuts import PromptSession
 
+from bumble import data_types
 from bumble.a2dp import make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records
+from bumble.att import (
+    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR,
+    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION_ERROR,
+    ATT_Error,
+)
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, Peer
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
-from bumble.pairing import OobData, PairingDelegate, PairingConfig
-from bumble.smp import OobContext, OobLegacyContext
-from bumble.smp import error_name as smp_error_name
-from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.core import (
+    UUID,
     AdvertisingData,
     Appearance,
-    ProtocolError,
+    DataType,
     PhysicalTransport,
-    UUID,
+    ProtocolError,
 )
+from bumble.device import Device, Peer
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    Service,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
+    Service,
 )
 from bumble.hci import OwnAddressType
-from bumble.att import (
+from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
-    ATT_Error,
+from bumble.pairing import OobData, PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
-    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR,
+from bumble.smp import OobContext, OobLegacyContext
-    ATT_INSUFFICIENT_ENCRYPTION_ERROR,
+from bumble.smp import error_name as smp_error_name
-)
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -349,7 +351,7 @@ async def pair(
     Waiter.instance = Waiter(linger=linger)
 
     print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(hci_transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
         print('<<< connected')
 
         # Create a device to manage the host
@@ -402,14 +404,19 @@ async def pair(
         # Create an OOB context if needed
         if oob:
             our_oob_context = OobContext()
-            shared_data = (
+            if oob == '-':
-                None
+                shared_data = None
-                if oob == '-'
+                legacy_context = OobLegacyContext()
-                else OobData.from_ad(
+            else:
+                oob_data = OobData.from_ad(
                     AdvertisingData.from_bytes(bytes.fromhex(oob))
-                ).shared_data
+                )
-            )
+                shared_data = oob_data.shared_data
-            legacy_context = OobLegacyContext()
+                legacy_context = oob_data.legacy_context
+                if legacy_context is None and not sc:
+                    print(color('OOB pairing in legacy mode requires TK', 'red'))
+                    return
+
             oob_contexts = PairingConfig.OobConfig(
                 our_context=our_oob_context,
                 peer_data=shared_data,
@@ -419,7 +426,9 @@ async def pair(
             print(color('@@@ OOB Data:', 'yellow'))
             if shared_data is None:
                 oob_data = OobData(
-                    address=device.random_address, shared_data=our_oob_context.share()
+                    address=device.random_address,
+                    shared_data=our_oob_context.share(),
+                    legacy_context=(None if sc else legacy_context),
                 )
                 print(
                     color(
@@ -427,7 +436,8 @@ async def pair(
                         'yellow',
                     )
                 )
-            print(color(f'@@@   TK={legacy_context.tk.hex()}', 'yellow'))
+            if legacy_context:
+                print(color(f'@@@   TK={legacy_context.tk.hex()}', 'yellow'))
             print(color('@@@-----------------------------------', 'yellow'))
         else:
             oob_contexts = None
@@ -498,33 +508,21 @@ async def pair(
                 if mode == 'dual':
                     flags |= AdvertisingData.Flags.SIMULTANEOUS_LE_BR_EDR_CAPABLE
 
-                ad_structs = [
+                advertising_data_types: list[DataType] = [
-                    (
+                    data_types.Flags(flags),
-                        AdvertisingData.FLAGS,
+                    data_types.CompleteLocalName('Bumble'),
-                        bytes([flags]),
-                    ),
-                    (AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LOCAL_NAME, 'Bumble'.encode()),
                 ]
                 if service_uuids_16:
-                    ad_structs.append(
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
-                        (
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf16BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_16)
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_16),
-                        )
                     )
                 if service_uuids_32:
-                    ad_structs.append(
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
-                        (
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf32BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_32)
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_32_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_32),
-                        )
                     )
                 if service_uuids_128:
-                    ad_structs.append(
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
-                        (
+                        data_types.IncompleteListOf128BitServiceUUIDs(service_uuids_128)
-                            AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_128_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS,
-                            b"".join(bytes(uuid) for uuid in service_uuids_128),
-                        )
                     )
 
                 if advertise_appearance:
@@ -551,13 +549,10 @@ async def pair(
                         advertise_appearance_int = int(
                             Appearance(category_enum, subcategory_enum)
                         )
-                    ad_structs.append(
+                    advertising_data_types.append(
-                        (
+                        data_types.Appearance(category_enum, subcategory_enum)
-                            AdvertisingData.APPEARANCE,
-                            struct.pack('<H', advertise_appearance_int),
-                        )
                     )
-                device.advertising_data = bytes(AdvertisingData(ad_structs))
+                device.advertising_data = bytes(AdvertisingData(advertising_data_types))
                 await device.start_advertising(
                     auto_restart=True,
                     own_address_type=(

apps/pandora_server.py

@@ -1,10 +1,11 @@
 import asyncio
-import click
-import logging
 import json
+import logging
+from typing import Any
 
-from bumble.pandora import PandoraDevice, Config, serve
+import click
-from typing import Dict, Any
+
+from bumble.pandora import Config, PandoraDevice, serve
 
 BUMBLE_SERVER_GRPC_PORT = 7999
 ROOTCANAL_PORT_CUTTLEFISH = 7300
@@ -39,7 +40,7 @@ def main(grpc_port: int, rootcanal_port: int, transport: str, config: str) -> No
     asyncio.run(serve(device, config=server_config, port=grpc_port))
 
 
-def retrieve_config(config: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+def retrieve_config(config: str) -> dict[str, Any]:
     if not config:
         return {}
 

apps/player/player.py

@@ -16,55 +16,51 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import asyncio.subprocess
-import os
 import logging
 from typing import Optional, Union
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.a2dp import (
-    make_audio_source_service_sdp_records,
-    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
     A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
     A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
+    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
     AacFrame,
-    AacParser,
-    AacPacketSource,
     AacMediaCodecInformation,
-    SbcFrame,
+    AacPacketSource,
-    SbcParser,
+    AacParser,
-    SbcPacketSource,
-    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
-    OpusPacket,
-    OpusParser,
-    OpusPacketSource,
     OpusMediaCodecInformation,
+    OpusPacket,
+    OpusPacketSource,
+    OpusParser,
+    SbcFrame,
+    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
+    SbcPacketSource,
+    SbcParser,
+    make_audio_source_service_sdp_records,
 )
-from bumble.avrcp import Protocol as AvrcpProtocol
 from bumble.avdtp import (
-    find_avdtp_service_with_connection,
     AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
     AVDTP_DELAY_REPORTING_SERVICE_CATEGORY,
     MediaCodecCapabilities,
     MediaPacketPump,
-    Protocol as AvdtpProtocol,
 )
+from bumble.avdtp import Protocol as AvdtpProtocol
+from bumble.avdtp import find_avdtp_service_with_connection
+from bumble.avrcp import Protocol as AvrcpProtocol
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import (
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-    AdvertisingData,
+from bumble.core import ConnectionError as BumbleConnectionError
-    ConnectionError as BumbleConnectionError,
+from bumble.core import DeviceClass, PhysicalTransport
-    DeviceClass,
-    PhysicalTransport,
-)
 from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
-from bumble.hci import Address, HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR, HCI_Constant
+from bumble.hci import HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR, Address, HCI_Constant
 from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
 from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -599,7 +595,7 @@ def play(context, address, audio_format, audio_file):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get("BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL", "WARNING").upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging("WARNING")
     player_cli()
 
 

apps/rfcomm_bridge.py

@@ -16,21 +16,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import logging
-import os
 import time
 from typing import Optional
 
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
+from bumble import core, hci, rfcomm, transport, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device, DeviceConfiguration, Connection
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import transport
-from bumble import utils
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -406,7 +400,7 @@ class ClientBridge:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def run(device_config, hci_transport, bridge):
     print("<<< connecting to HCI...")
-    async with await transport.open_transport_or_link(hci_transport) as (
+    async with await transport.open_transport(hci_transport) as (
         hci_source,
         hci_sink,
     ):
@@ -515,6 +509,6 @@ def client(context, bluetooth_address, tcp_host, tcp_port, authenticate, encrypt
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get("BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL", "WARNING").upper())
 if __name__ == "__main__":
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging("WARNING")
     cli(obj={})  # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter

apps/scan.py

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
+
-import logging
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
+from bumble import data_types
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.device import Device
+from bumble.device import Advertisement, Device
-from bumble.transport import open_transport_or_link
+from bumble.hci import HCI_LE_1M_PHY, HCI_LE_CODED_PHY, Address, HCI_Constant
 from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.smp import AddressResolver
-from bumble.device import Advertisement
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
-from bumble.hci import Address, HCI_Constant, HCI_LE_1M_PHY, HCI_LE_CODED_PHY
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -95,13 +95,22 @@ class AdvertisementPrinter:
         else:
             phy_info = ''
 
+        details = separator.join(
+            [
+                data_type.to_string(use_label=True)
+                for data_type in data_types.data_types_from_advertising_data(
+                    advertisement.data
+                )
+            ]
+        )
+
         print(
             f'>>> {color(address, address_color)} '
             f'[{color(address_type_string, type_color)}]{address_qualifier}'
             f'{resolution_qualifier}:{separator}'
             f'{phy_info}'
             f'RSSI:{advertisement.rssi:4} {rssi_bar}{separator}'
-            f'{advertisement.data.to_string(separator)}\n'
+            f'{details}\n'
         )
 
     def on_advertisement(self, advertisement):
@@ -127,7 +136,7 @@ async def scan(
     transport,
 ):
     print('<<< connecting to HCI...')
-    async with await open_transport_or_link(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
+    async with await open_transport(transport) as (hci_source, hci_sink):
         print('<<< connected')
 
         if device_config:
@@ -237,7 +246,7 @@ def main(
     device_config,
     transport,
 ):
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
     asyncio.run(
         scan(
             min_rssi,

apps/show.py

@@ -16,17 +16,17 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import datetime
+import importlib
 import logging
-import os
 import struct
 
 import click
 
-from bumble.colors import color
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble import hci
-from bumble.transport.common import PacketReader
+from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.helpers import PacketTracer
-
+from bumble.transport.common import PacketReader
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -154,9 +154,10 @@ class Printer:
 def main(format, vendor, filename):
     for vendor_name in vendor:
         if vendor_name == 'android':
-            import bumble.vendor.android.hci
+            # Prevent being deleted by linter.
+            importlib.import_module('bumble.vendor.android.hci')
         elif vendor_name == 'zephyr':
-            import bumble.vendor.zephyr.hci
+            importlib.import_module('bumble.vendor.zephyr.hci')
 
     input = open(filename, 'rb')
     if format == 'h4':
@@ -186,5 +187,5 @@ def main(format, vendor, filename):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
     main()  # pylint: disable=no-value-for-parameter

apps/speaker/speaker.html

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
           <tr><td>Codec</td><td><span id="codecText"></span></td></tr>
           <tr><td>Packets</td><td><span id="packetsReceivedText"></span></td></tr>
           <tr><td>Bytes</td><td><span id="bytesReceivedText"></span></td></tr>
+          <tr><td>Bitrate</td><td><span id="bitrate"></span></td></tr>
         </table>
       </td>
       <td>

apps/speaker/speaker.js

@@ -7,17 +7,19 @@ let connectionText;
 let codecText;
 let packetsReceivedText;
 let bytesReceivedText;
+let bitrateText;
 let streamStateText;
 let connectionStateText;
 let controlsDiv;
 let audioOnButton;
-let mediaSource;
+let audioDecoder;
-let sourceBuffer;
+let audioCodec;
-let audioElement;
 let audioContext;
 let audioAnalyzer;
 let audioFrequencyBinCount;
 let audioFrequencyData;
+let nextAudioStartPosition = 0;
+let audioStartTime = 0;
 let packetsReceived = 0;
 let bytesReceived = 0;
 let audioState = "stopped";
@@ -29,20 +31,17 @@ let bandwidthCanvas;
 let bandwidthCanvasContext;
 let bandwidthBinCount;
 let bandwidthBins = [];
+let bitrateSamples = [];
 
 const FFT_WIDTH = 800;
 const FFT_HEIGHT = 256;
 const BANDWIDTH_WIDTH = 500;
 const BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT = 100;
-
+const BITRATE_WINDOW = 30;
-function hexToBytes(hex) {
-    return Uint8Array.from(hex.match(/.{1,2}/g).map((byte) => parseInt(byte, 16)));
-}
 
 function init() {
     initUI();
-    initMediaSource();
+    initAudioContext();
-    initAudioElement();
     initAnalyzer();
 
     connect();
@@ -56,6 +55,7 @@ function initUI() {
     codecText = document.getElementById("codecText");
     packetsReceivedText = document.getElementById("packetsReceivedText");
     bytesReceivedText = document.getElementById("bytesReceivedText");
+    bitrateText = document.getElementById("bitrate");
     streamStateText = document.getElementById("streamStateText");
     connectionStateText = document.getElementById("connectionStateText");
     audioSupportMessageText = document.getElementById("audioSupportMessageText");
@@ -67,17 +67,9 @@ function initUI() {
     requestAnimationFrame(onAnimationFrame);
 }
 
-function initMediaSource() {
+function initAudioContext() {
-    mediaSource = new MediaSource();
+    audioContext = new AudioContext();
-    mediaSource.onsourceopen = onMediaSourceOpen;
+    audioContext.onstatechange = () => console.log("AudioContext state:", audioContext.state);
-    mediaSource.onsourceclose = onMediaSourceClose;
-    mediaSource.onsourceended = onMediaSourceEnd;
-}
-
-function initAudioElement() {
-    audioElement = document.getElementById("audio");
-    audioElement.src = URL.createObjectURL(mediaSource);
-    // audioElement.controls = true;
 }
 
 function initAnalyzer() {
@@ -94,24 +86,16 @@ function initAnalyzer() {
     bandwidthCanvasContext = bandwidthCanvas.getContext('2d');
     bandwidthCanvasContext.fillStyle = "rgb(255, 255, 255)";
     bandwidthCanvasContext.fillRect(0, 0, BANDWIDTH_WIDTH, BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT);
-}
-
-function startAnalyzer() {
-    // FFT
-    if (audioElement.captureStream !== undefined) {
-        audioContext = new AudioContext();
-        audioAnalyzer = audioContext.createAnalyser();
-        audioAnalyzer.fftSize = 128;
-        audioFrequencyBinCount = audioAnalyzer.frequencyBinCount;
-        audioFrequencyData = new Uint8Array(audioFrequencyBinCount);
-        const stream = audioElement.captureStream();
-        const source = audioContext.createMediaStreamSource(stream);
-        source.connect(audioAnalyzer);
-    }
-
-    // Bandwidth
     bandwidthBinCount = BANDWIDTH_WIDTH / 2;
     bandwidthBins = [];
+    bitrateSamples = [];
+
+    audioAnalyzer = audioContext.createAnalyser();
+    audioAnalyzer.fftSize = 128;
+    audioFrequencyBinCount = audioAnalyzer.frequencyBinCount;
+    audioFrequencyData = new Uint8Array(audioFrequencyBinCount);
+
+    audioAnalyzer.connect(audioContext.destination)
 }
 
 function setConnectionText(message) {
@@ -148,7 +132,8 @@ function onAnimationFrame() {
     bandwidthCanvasContext.fillRect(0, 0, BANDWIDTH_WIDTH, BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT);
     bandwidthCanvasContext.fillStyle = `rgb(100, 100, 100)`;
     for (let t = 0; t < bandwidthBins.length; t++) {
-        const lineHeight = (bandwidthBins[t] / 1000) * BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT;
+        const bytesReceived = bandwidthBins[t]
+        const lineHeight = (bytesReceived / 1000) * BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT;
         bandwidthCanvasContext.fillRect(t * 2, BANDWIDTH_HEIGHT - lineHeight, 2, lineHeight);
     }
 
@@ -156,28 +141,14 @@ function onAnimationFrame() {
     requestAnimationFrame(onAnimationFrame);
 }
 
-function onMediaSourceOpen() {
-    console.log(this.readyState);
-    sourceBuffer = mediaSource.addSourceBuffer("audio/aac");
-}
-
-function onMediaSourceClose() {
-    console.log(this.readyState);
-}
-
-function onMediaSourceEnd() {
-    console.log(this.readyState);
-}
-
 async function startAudio() {
     try {
         console.log("starting audio...");
         audioOnButton.disabled = true;
         audioState = "starting";
-        await audioElement.play();
+        audioContext.resume();
         console.log("audio started");
         audioState = "playing";
-        startAnalyzer();
     } catch(error) {
         console.error(`play failed: ${error}`);
         audioState = "stopped";
@@ -185,12 +156,47 @@ async function startAudio() {
     }
 }
 
-function onAudioPacket(packet) {
+function onDecodedAudio(audioData) {
-    if (audioState != "stopped") {
+    const bufferSource = audioContext.createBufferSource()
-        // Queue the audio packet.
+
-        sourceBuffer.appendBuffer(packet);
+    const now = audioContext.currentTime;
+    let nextAudioStartTime = audioStartTime + (nextAudioStartPosition / audioData.sampleRate);
+    if (nextAudioStartTime < now) {
+        console.log("starting new audio time base")
+        audioStartTime = now;
+        nextAudioStartTime = now;
+        nextAudioStartPosition = 0;
+    } else {
+        console.log(`audio buffer scheduled in ${nextAudioStartTime - now}`)
     }
 
+    const audioBuffer = audioContext.createBuffer(
+        audioData.numberOfChannels,
+        audioData.numberOfFrames,
+        audioData.sampleRate
+    );
+
+    for (let channel = 0; channel < audioData.numberOfChannels; channel++) {
+        audioData.copyTo(
+            audioBuffer.getChannelData(channel),
+            {
+                planeIndex: channel,
+                format: "f32-planar"
+            }
+        )
+    }
+
+    bufferSource.buffer = audioBuffer;
+    bufferSource.connect(audioAnalyzer)
+    bufferSource.start(nextAudioStartTime);
+    nextAudioStartPosition += audioData.numberOfFrames;
+}
+
+function onCodecError(error) {
+    console.log("Codec error:", error)
+}
+
+async function onAudioPacket(packet) {
     packetsReceived += 1;
     packetsReceivedText.innerText = packetsReceived;
     bytesReceived += packet.byteLength;
@@ -200,6 +206,48 @@ function onAudioPacket(packet) {
     if (bandwidthBins.length > bandwidthBinCount) {
         bandwidthBins.shift();
     }
+    bitrateSamples[bitrateSamples.length] = {ts: Date.now(), bytes: packet.byteLength}
+    if (bitrateSamples.length > BITRATE_WINDOW) {
+        bitrateSamples.shift();
+    }
+    if (bitrateSamples.length >= 2) {
+        const windowBytes = bitrateSamples.reduce((accumulator, x) => accumulator + x.bytes, 0) - bitrateSamples[0].bytes;
+        const elapsed = bitrateSamples[bitrateSamples.length-1].ts - bitrateSamples[0].ts;
+        const bitrate = Math.floor(8 * windowBytes / elapsed)
+        bitrateText.innerText = `${bitrate} kb/s`
+    }
+
+    if (audioState == "stopped") {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (audioDecoder === undefined) {
+        let audioConfig;
+        if (audioCodec == 'aac') {
+            audioConfig = {
+                codec: 'mp4a.40.2',
+                sampleRate: 44100, // ignored
+                numberOfChannels: 2, // ignored
+            }
+        } else if (audioCodec == 'opus') {
+            audioConfig = {
+                codec: 'opus',
+                sampleRate: 48000, // ignored
+                numberOfChannels: 2, // ignored
+            }
+        }
+        audioDecoder = new AudioDecoder({ output: onDecodedAudio, error: onCodecError });
+        audioDecoder.configure(audioConfig)
+    }
+
+    const encodedAudio = new EncodedAudioChunk({
+        type: "key",
+        data: packet,
+        timestamp: 0,
+        transfer: [packet],
+    });
+
+    audioDecoder.decode(encodedAudio);
 }
 
 function onChannelOpen() {
@@ -249,16 +297,19 @@ function onChannelMessage(message) {
     }
 }
 
-function onHelloMessage(params) {
+async function onHelloMessage(params) {
     codecText.innerText = params.codec;
-    if (params.codec != "aac") {
+
-        audioOnButton.disabled = true;
+    if (params.codec == "aac" || params.codec == "opus") {
-        audioSupportMessageText.innerText = "Only AAC can be played, audio will be disabled";
+        audioCodec = params.codec
-        audioSupportMessageText.style.display = "inline-block";
-    } else {
         audioSupportMessageText.innerText = "";
         audioSupportMessageText.style.display = "none";
+    } else {
+        audioOnButton.disabled = true;
+        audioSupportMessageText.innerText = "Only AAC and Opus can be played, audio will be disabled";
+        audioSupportMessageText.style.display = "inline-block";
     }
+
     if (params.streamState) {
         setStreamState(params.streamState);
     }

apps/speaker/speaker.py

@@ -16,47 +16,49 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import asyncio.subprocess
-from importlib import resources
 import enum
 import json
-import os
 import logging
 import pathlib
 import subprocess
-from typing import Dict, List, Optional
 import weakref
+from importlib import resources
+from typing import Optional
 
-import click
 import aiohttp
+import click
 from aiohttp import web
 
 import bumble
-from bumble.colors import color
+import bumble.logging
-from bumble.core import PhysicalTransport, CommandTimeoutError
+from bumble.a2dp import (
-from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
+    A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
-from bumble.hci import HCI_StatusError
+    A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
+    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
-from bumble.sdp import ServiceAttribute
+    AacMediaCodecInformation,
-from bumble.transport import open_transport
+    OpusMediaCodecInformation,
+    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
+    make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records,
+)
 from bumble.avdtp import (
     AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
     Listener,
     MediaCodecCapabilities,
     Protocol,
 )
-from bumble.a2dp import (
-    make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records,
-    A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
-    A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
-    SbcMediaCodecInformation,
-    AacMediaCodecInformation,
-)
-from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 from bumble.codecs import AacAudioRtpPacket
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import CommandTimeoutError, PhysicalTransport
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device, DeviceConfiguration
+from bumble.hci import HCI_StatusError
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
 from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
-
+from bumble.sdp import ServiceAttribute
+from bumble.transport import open_transport
+from bumble.utils import AsyncRunner
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -78,6 +80,8 @@ class AudioExtractor:
             return AacAudioExtractor()
         if codec == 'sbc':
             return SbcAudioExtractor()
+        if codec == 'opus':
+            return OpusAudioExtractor()
 
     def extract_audio(self, packet: MediaPacket) -> bytes:
         raise NotImplementedError()
@@ -102,6 +106,13 @@ class SbcAudioExtractor:
         return packet.payload[1:]
 
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class OpusAudioExtractor:
+    def extract_audio(self, packet: MediaPacket) -> bytes:
+        # TODO: parse fields
+        return packet.payload[1:]
+
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Output:
     async def start(self) -> None:
@@ -235,7 +246,7 @@ class FfplayOutput(QueuedOutput):
         await super().start()
 
         self.subprocess = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
-            f'ffplay -f {self.codec} pipe:0',
+            f'ffplay -probesize 32 -f {self.codec} pipe:0',
             stdin=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
             stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
             stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
@@ -399,10 +410,24 @@ class Speaker:
         STARTED = 2
         SUSPENDED = 3
 
-    def __init__(self, device_config, transport, codec, discover, outputs, ui_port):
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        device_config,
+        transport,
+        codec,
+        sampling_frequencies,
+        bitrate,
+        vbr,
+        discover,
+        outputs,
+        ui_port,
+    ):
         self.device_config = device_config
         self.transport = transport
         self.codec = codec
+        self.sampling_frequencies = sampling_frequencies
+        self.bitrate = bitrate
+        self.vbr = vbr
         self.discover = discover
         self.ui_port = ui_port
         self.device = None
@@ -423,7 +448,7 @@ class Speaker:
         # Create an HTTP server for the UI
         self.ui_server = UiServer(speaker=self, port=ui_port)
 
-    def sdp_records(self) -> Dict[int, List[ServiceAttribute]]:
+    def sdp_records(self) -> dict[int, list[ServiceAttribute]]:
         service_record_handle = 0x00010001
         return {
             service_record_handle: make_audio_sink_service_sdp_records(
@@ -438,32 +463,56 @@ class Speaker:
         if self.codec == 'sbc':
             return self.sbc_codec_capabilities()
 
+        if self.codec == 'opus':
+            return self.opus_codec_capabilities()
+
         raise RuntimeError('unsupported codec')
 
     def aac_codec_capabilities(self) -> MediaCodecCapabilities:
+        supported_sampling_frequencies = AacMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency(0)
+        for sampling_frequency in self.sampling_frequencies or [
+            8000,
+            11025,
+            12000,
+            16000,
+            22050,
+            24000,
+            32000,
+            44100,
+            48000,
+        ]:
+            supported_sampling_frequencies |= (
+                AacMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.from_int(sampling_frequency)
+            )
         return MediaCodecCapabilities(
             media_type=AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
             media_codec_type=A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
             media_codec_information=AacMediaCodecInformation(
                 object_type=AacMediaCodecInformation.ObjectType.MPEG_2_AAC_LC,
-                sampling_frequency=AacMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_48000
+                sampling_frequency=supported_sampling_frequencies,
-                | AacMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_44100,
                 channels=AacMediaCodecInformation.Channels.MONO
                 | AacMediaCodecInformation.Channels.STEREO,
-                vbr=1,
+                vbr=1 if self.vbr else 0,
-                bitrate=256000,
+                bitrate=self.bitrate or 256000,
             ),
         )
 
     def sbc_codec_capabilities(self) -> MediaCodecCapabilities:
+        supported_sampling_frequencies = SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency(0)
+        for sampling_frequency in self.sampling_frequencies or [
+            16000,
+            32000,
+            44100,
+            48000,
+        ]:
+            supported_sampling_frequencies |= (
+                SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.from_int(sampling_frequency)
+            )
         return MediaCodecCapabilities(
             media_type=AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
             media_codec_type=A2DP_SBC_CODEC_TYPE,
             media_codec_information=SbcMediaCodecInformation(
-                sampling_frequency=SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_48000
+                sampling_frequency=supported_sampling_frequencies,
-                | SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_44100
-                | SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_32000
-                | SbcMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.SF_16000,
                 channel_mode=SbcMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.MONO
                 | SbcMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.DUAL_CHANNEL
                 | SbcMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.STEREO
@@ -481,6 +530,25 @@ class Speaker:
             ),
         )
 
+    def opus_codec_capabilities(self) -> MediaCodecCapabilities:
+        supported_sampling_frequencies = OpusMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency(0)
+        for sampling_frequency in self.sampling_frequencies or [48000]:
+            supported_sampling_frequencies |= (
+                OpusMediaCodecInformation.SamplingFrequency.from_int(sampling_frequency)
+            )
+        return MediaCodecCapabilities(
+            media_type=AVDTP_AUDIO_MEDIA_TYPE,
+            media_codec_type=A2DP_NON_A2DP_CODEC_TYPE,
+            media_codec_information=OpusMediaCodecInformation(
+                frame_size=OpusMediaCodecInformation.FrameSize.FS_10MS
+                | OpusMediaCodecInformation.FrameSize.FS_20MS,
+                channel_mode=OpusMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.MONO
+                | OpusMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.STEREO
+                | OpusMediaCodecInformation.ChannelMode.DUAL_MONO,
+                sampling_frequency=supported_sampling_frequencies,
+            ),
+        )
+
     async def dispatch_to_outputs(self, function):
         for output in self.outputs:
             await function(output)
@@ -675,7 +743,26 @@ def speaker_cli(ctx, device_config):
 
 @click.command()
 @click.option(
-    '--codec', type=click.Choice(['sbc', 'aac']), default='aac', show_default=True
+    '--codec',
+    type=click.Choice(['sbc', 'aac', 'opus']),
+    default='aac',
+    show_default=True,
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--sampling-frequency',
+    metavar='SAMPLING-FREQUENCY',
+    type=int,
+    multiple=True,
+    help='Enable a sampling frequency (may be specified more than once)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--bitrate',
+    metavar='BITRATE',
+    type=int,
+    help='Supported bitrate (AAC only)',
+)
+@click.option(
+    '--vbr/--no-vbr', is_flag=True, default=True, help='Enable VBR (AAC only)'
 )
 @click.option(
     '--discover', is_flag=True, help='Discover remote endpoints once connected'
@@ -706,7 +793,16 @@ def speaker_cli(ctx, device_config):
 @click.option('--device-config', metavar='FILENAME', help='Device configuration file')
 @click.argument('transport')
 def speaker(
-    transport, codec, connect_address, discover, output, ui_port, device_config
+    transport,
+    codec,
+    sampling_frequency,
+    bitrate,
+    vbr,
+    connect_address,
+    discover,
+    output,
+    ui_port,
+    device_config,
 ):
     """Run the speaker."""
 
@@ -721,15 +817,23 @@ def speaker(
             output = list(filter(lambda x: x != '@ffplay', output))
 
     asyncio.run(
-        Speaker(device_config, transport, codec, discover, output, ui_port).run(
+        Speaker(
-            connect_address
+            device_config,
-        )
+            transport,
+            codec,
+            sampling_frequency,
+            bitrate,
+            vbr,
+            discover,
+            output,
+            ui_port,
+        ).run(connect_address)
     )
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def main():
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
     speaker()
 
 

apps/unbond.py

@@ -16,10 +16,10 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import asyncio
-import os
+
-import logging
 import click
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.device import Device
 from bumble.keys import JsonKeyStore
 from bumble.transport import open_transport
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ def main(keystore_file, hci_transport, device_config, address):
     instantiated.
     If no address is passed, the existing pairing keys for all addresses are printed.
     """
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'INFO').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging()
 
     if not keystore_file and not hci_transport:
         print('either --keystore-file or --hci-transport must be specified.')

apps/usb_probe.py

@@ -26,15 +26,13 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-import os
-import logging
 import click
 import usb1
 
+import bumble.logging
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.transport.usb import load_libusb
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -169,7 +167,7 @@ def is_bluetooth_hci(device):
 @click.command()
 @click.option('--verbose', is_flag=True, default=False, help='Print more details')
 def main(verbose):
-    logging.basicConfig(level=os.environ.get('BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL', 'WARNING').upper())
+    bumble.logging.setup_basic_logging('WARNING')
 
     load_libusb()
     with usb1.USBContext() as context:

bumble/a2dp.py

@@ -17,37 +17,36 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
 import struct
+from collections.abc import AsyncGenerator
 from typing import Awaitable, Callable
-from typing_extensions import ClassVar, Self
 
+from typing_extensions import ClassVar, Self
 
 from bumble.codecs import AacAudioRtpPacket
 from bumble.company_ids import COMPANY_IDENTIFIERS
-from bumble.sdp import (
-    DataElement,
-    ServiceAttribute,
-    SDP_PUBLIC_BROWSE_ROOT,
-    SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_SERVICE_RECORD_HANDLE_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_SERVICE_CLASS_ID_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-    SDP_BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
-)
 from bumble.core import (
-    BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
-    BT_AUDIO_SOURCE_SERVICE,
-    BT_AUDIO_SINK_SERVICE,
-    BT_AVDTP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_ADVANCED_AUDIO_DISTRIBUTION_SERVICE,
+    BT_AUDIO_SINK_SERVICE,
+    BT_AUDIO_SOURCE_SERVICE,
+    BT_AVDTP_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     name_or_number,
 )
 from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
-
+from bumble.sdp import (
+    SDP_BLUETOOTH_PROFILE_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_BROWSE_GROUP_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_PROTOCOL_DESCRIPTOR_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_PUBLIC_BROWSE_ROOT,
+    SDP_SERVICE_CLASS_ID_LIST_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    SDP_SERVICE_RECORD_HANDLE_ATTRIBUTE_ID,
+    DataElement,
+    ServiceAttribute,
+)
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -479,6 +478,12 @@ class OpusMediaCodecInformation(VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation):
     class SamplingFrequency(enum.IntFlag):
         SF_48000 = 1 << 0
 
+        @classmethod
+        def from_int(cls, sampling_frequency: int) -> Self:
+            if sampling_frequency != 48000:
+                raise ValueError("no such sampling frequency")
+            return cls(1)
+
     VENDOR_ID: ClassVar[int] = 0x000000E0
     CODEC_ID: ClassVar[int] = 0x0001
 

bumble/at.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-from typing import List, Union
+from typing import Union
 
 from bumble import core
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ class AtParsingError(core.InvalidPacketError):
     """Error raised when parsing AT commands fails."""
 
 
-def tokenize_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> List[bytes]:
+def tokenize_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[bytes]:
     """Split input parameters into tokens.
     Removes space characters outside of double quote blocks:
     T-rec-V-25 - 5.2.1 Command line general format: "Space characters (IA5 2/0)
@@ -63,12 +63,12 @@ def tokenize_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> List[bytes]:
     return [bytes(token) for token in tokens if len(token) > 0]
 
 
-def parse_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> List[Union[bytes, list]]:
+def parse_parameters(buffer: bytes) -> list[Union[bytes, list]]:
     """Parse the parameters using the comma and parenthesis separators.
     Raises AtParsingError in case of invalid input string."""
 
     tokens = tokenize_parameters(buffer)
-    accumulator: List[list] = [[]]
+    accumulator: list[list] = [[]]
     current: Union[bytes, list] = bytes()
 
     for token in tokens:

bumble/att.py

@@ -24,28 +24,26 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import dataclasses
 import enum
 import functools
 import inspect
 import struct
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Awaitable,
     Callable,
+    ClassVar,
     Generic,
-    Dict,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
     Union,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
 )
 
-
+from bumble import hci, utils
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble.core import UUID, name_or_number, InvalidOperationError, ProtocolError
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Object, key_with_value
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidOperationError, ProtocolError
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Object
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -64,96 +62,66 @@ _T = TypeVar('_T')
 ATT_CID = 0x04
 ATT_PSM = 0x001F
 
-ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE              = 0x01
+class Opcode(hci.SpecableEnum):
-ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST        = 0x02
+    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE              = 0x01
-ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE       = 0x03
+    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST        = 0x02
-ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST    = 0x04
+    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE       = 0x03
-ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE   = 0x05
+    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST    = 0x04
-ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST  = 0x06
+    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE   = 0x05
-ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE = 0x07
+    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST  = 0x06
-ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST        = 0x08
+    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE = 0x07
-ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE       = 0x09
+    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST        = 0x08
-ATT_READ_REQUEST                = 0x0A
+    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE       = 0x09
-ATT_READ_RESPONSE               = 0x0B
+    ATT_READ_REQUEST                = 0x0A
-ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST           = 0x0C
+    ATT_READ_RESPONSE               = 0x0B
-ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE          = 0x0D
+    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST           = 0x0C
-ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST       = 0x0E
+    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE          = 0x0D
-ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE      = 0x0F
+    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST       = 0x0E
-ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST  = 0x10
+    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE      = 0x0F
-ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE = 0x11
+    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST  = 0x10
-ATT_WRITE_REQUEST               = 0x12
+    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE = 0x11
-ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE              = 0x13
+    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST               = 0x12
-ATT_WRITE_COMMAND               = 0x52
+    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE              = 0x13
-ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND        = 0xD2
+    ATT_WRITE_COMMAND               = 0x52
-ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x16
+    ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND        = 0xD2
-ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x17
+    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x16
-ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x18
+    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x17
-ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x19
+    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST       = 0x18
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION   = 0x1B
+    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE      = 0x19
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION     = 0x1D
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION   = 0x1B
-ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION   = 0x1E
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION     = 0x1D
-
+    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION   = 0x1E
-ATT_PDU_NAMES = {
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:              'ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST:        'ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST',
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE:       'ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST:    'ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST',
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE:   'ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST:  'ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE: 'ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST:        'ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE:       'ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_REQUEST:                'ATT_READ_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_RESPONSE:               'ATT_READ_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST:           'ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE:          'ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST:       'ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST:  'ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE: 'ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST:               'ATT_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE:              'ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_WRITE_COMMAND:               'ATT_WRITE_COMMAND',
-    ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND:        'ATT_SIGNED_WRITE_COMMAND',
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST:       'ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST:       'ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST',
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE:      'ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION:   'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_NOTIFICATION',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION:     'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_INDICATION',
-    ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION:   'ATT_HANDLE_VALUE_CONFIRMATION'
-}
 
 ATT_REQUESTS = [
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_REQUEST,
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_REQUEST,
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BLOB_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_WRITE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_WRITE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST,
+    Opcode.ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_REQUEST,
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST
+    Opcode.ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_REQUEST
 ]
 
 ATT_RESPONSES = [
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_EXCHANGE_MTU_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_INFORMATION_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_FIND_BY_TYPE_VALUE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_TYPE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BLOB_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_MULTIPLE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_READ_BY_GROUP_TYPE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_WRITE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE,
+    Opcode.ATT_PREPARE_WRITE_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE
+    Opcode.ATT_EXECUTE_WRITE_RESPONSE
 ]
 
-class ErrorCode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+class ErrorCode(hci.SpecableEnum):
     '''
     See
 
@@ -208,10 +176,6 @@ ATT_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES_ERROR           = ErrorCode.INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES
 ATT_DEFAULT_MTU = 23
 
 HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC    = {'size': 2, 'mapper': lambda x: f'0x{x:04X}'}
-# pylint: disable-next=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda
-UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC = lambda x, y: UUID.parse_uuid(x, y)
-# pylint: disable-next=unnecessary-lambda-assignment,unnecessary-lambda
-UUID_2_FIELD_SPEC    = lambda x, y: UUID.parse_uuid_2(x, y)  # noqa: E731
 
 # fmt: on
 # pylint: enable=line-too-long
@@ -231,7 +195,7 @@ class ATT_Error(ProtocolError):
         super().__init__(
             error_code,
             error_namespace='att',
-            error_name=ATT_PDU.error_name(error_code),
+            error_name=ErrorCode(error_code).name,
         )
         self.att_handle = att_handle
         self.message = message
@@ -246,61 +210,45 @@ class ATT_Error(ProtocolError):
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Attribute Protocol
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_PDU:
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.3 ATTRIBUTE PDU
     '''
 
-    pdu_classes: Dict[int, Type[ATT_PDU]] = {}
+    pdu_classes: ClassVar[dict[int, type[ATT_PDU]]] = {}
-    op_code = 0
+    fields: ClassVar[hci.Fields] = ()
-    name: str
+    op_code: int = dataclasses.field(init=False)
-
+    name: str = dataclasses.field(init=False)
-    @staticmethod
+    _payload: Optional[bytes] = dataclasses.field(default=None, init=False)
-    def from_bytes(pdu):
-        op_code = pdu[0]
-
-        cls = ATT_PDU.pdu_classes.get(op_code)
-        if cls is None:
-            instance = ATT_PDU(pdu)
-            instance.name = ATT_PDU.pdu_name(op_code)
-            instance.op_code = op_code
-            return instance
-        self = cls.__new__(cls)
-        ATT_PDU.__init__(self, pdu)
-        if hasattr(self, 'fields'):
-            self.init_from_bytes(pdu, 1)
-        return self
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def pdu_name(op_code):
-        return name_or_number(ATT_PDU_NAMES, op_code, 2)
 
     @classmethod
-    def error_name(cls, error_code: int) -> str:
+    def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> ATT_PDU:
-        return ErrorCode(error_code).name
+        op_code = pdu[0]
 
-    @staticmethod
+        subclass = ATT_PDU.pdu_classes.get(op_code)
-    def subclass(fields):
+        if subclass is None:
-        def inner(cls):
+            instance = ATT_PDU()
-            cls.name = cls.__name__.upper()
+            instance.op_code = op_code
-            cls.op_code = key_with_value(ATT_PDU_NAMES, cls.name)
+            instance.payload = pdu[1:]
-            if cls.op_code is None:
+            instance.name = Opcode(op_code).name
-                raise KeyError(f'PDU name {cls.name} not found in ATT_PDU_NAMES')
+            return instance
-            cls.fields = fields
+        instance = subclass(**HCI_Object.dict_from_bytes(pdu, 1, subclass.fields))
+        instance.payload = pdu[1:]
+        return instance
 
-            # Register a factory for this class
+    _PDU = TypeVar("_PDU", bound="ATT_PDU")
-            ATT_PDU.pdu_classes[cls.op_code] = cls
 
-            return cls
+    @classmethod
+    def subclass(cls, subclass: type[_PDU]) -> type[_PDU]:
+        subclass.name = subclass.__name__.upper()
+        subclass.op_code = Opcode[subclass.name]
+        subclass.fields = HCI_Object.fields_from_dataclass(subclass)
 
-        return inner
+        # Register a factory for this class
+        ATT_PDU.pdu_classes[subclass.op_code] = subclass
 
-    def __init__(self, pdu=None, **kwargs):
+        return subclass
-        if hasattr(self, 'fields') and kwargs:
-            HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
-        if pdu is None:
-            pdu = bytes([self.op_code]) + HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(kwargs, self.fields)
-        self.pdu = pdu
 
     def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
         return HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
@@ -313,67 +261,91 @@ class ATT_PDU:
     def has_authentication_signature(self):
         return ((self.op_code >> 7) & 1) == 1
 
-    def __bytes__(self):
+    @property
-        return self.pdu
+    def payload(self) -> bytes:
+        if self._payload is None:
+            self._payload = HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(self.__dict__, self.fields)
+        return self._payload
+
+    @payload.setter
+    def payload(self, value: bytes):
+        self._payload = value
+
+    def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
+        return bytes([self.op_code]) + self.payload
 
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         if fields := getattr(self, 'fields', None):
             result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(self.__dict__, fields, '  ')
         else:
-            if len(self.pdu) > 1:
+            if self.payload:
-                result += f': {self.pdu.hex()}'
+                result += f': {self.payload.hex()}'
         return result
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('request_opcode_in_error', {'size': 1, 'mapper': ATT_PDU.pdu_name}),
-        ('attribute_handle_in_error', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('error_code', {'size': 1, 'mapper': ATT_PDU.error_name}),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Error_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.1.1 Error Response
     '''
 
+    request_opcode_in_error: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=Opcode.type_metadata(1))
+    attribute_handle_in_error: int = dataclasses.field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)
+    )
+    error_code: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=ErrorCode.type_metadata(1))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('client_rx_mtu', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.2.1 Exchange MTU Request
     '''
 
+    client_rx_mtu: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('server_rx_mtu', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Exchange_MTU_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.2.2 Exchange MTU Response
     '''
 
+    server_rx_mtu: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)]
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-)
 class ATT_Find_Information_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.1 Find Information Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('format', 1), ('information_data', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.2 Find Information Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_information_data(self):
+    format: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    information_data: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    information: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.information = []
         offset = 0
         uuid_size = 2 if self.format == 1 else 16
@@ -383,14 +355,6 @@ class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.information.append((handle, uuid))
             offset += 2 + uuid_size
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_information_data()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_information_data()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -412,28 +376,31 @@ class ATT_Find_Information_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_type', UUID_2_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.3 Find By Type Value Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid_2))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('handles_information_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.4 Find By Type Value Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_handles_information_list(self):
+    handles_information_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    handles_information: list[tuple[int, int]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.handles_information = []
         offset = 0
         while offset + 4 <= len(self.handles_information_list):
@@ -443,14 +410,6 @@ class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.handles_information.append((found_attribute_handle, group_end_handle))
             offset += 4
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_handles_information_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_handles_information_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -474,27 +433,31 @@ class ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_type', UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.1 Read By Type Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('length', 1), ('attribute_data_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.2 Read By Type Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_attribute_data_list(self):
+    length: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    attribute_data_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    attributes: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.attributes = []
         offset = 0
         while self.length != 0 and offset + self.length <= len(
@@ -509,14 +472,6 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
             self.attributes.append((attribute_handle, attribute_value))
             offset += self.length
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -538,75 +493,100 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.3 Read Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.4 Read Response
     '''
 
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('value_offset', 2)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Blob_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.5 Read Blob Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('part_attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Blob_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.6 Read Blob Response
     '''
 
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('set_of_handles', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Multiple_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.7 Read Multiple Request
     '''
 
+    set_of_handles: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('set_of_values', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_Multiple_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.8 Read Multiple Response
     '''
 
+    set_of_values: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('starting_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('ending_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_group_type', UUID_2_16_FIELD_SPEC),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.9 Read by Group Type Request
     '''
 
+    starting_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    ending_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_group_type: UUID = dataclasses.field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(UUID.parse_uuid)
+    )
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('length', 1), ('attribute_data_list', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.10 Read by Group Type Response
     '''
 
-    def parse_attribute_data_list(self):
+    length: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    attribute_data_list: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    attributes: list[tuple[int, int, bytes]] = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self) -> None:
         self.attributes = []
         offset = 0
         while self.length != 0 and offset + self.length <= len(
@@ -623,14 +603,6 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
             )
             offset += self.length
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset):
-        super().init_from_bytes(pdu, offset)
-        self.parse_attribute_data_list()
-
     def __str__(self):
         result = color(self.name, 'yellow')
         result += ':\n' + HCI_Object.format_fields(
@@ -655,15 +627,20 @@ class ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.1 Write Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.2 Write Response
@@ -671,65 +648,70 @@ class ATT_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Write_Command(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.3 Write Command
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('attribute_value', '*'),
-        # ('authentication_signature', 'TODO')
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Signed_Write_Command(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.4 Signed Write Command
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+    # TODO: authentication_signature
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('value_offset', 2),
-        ('part_attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Prepare_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.1 Prepare Write Request
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass(
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
-    [
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC),
-        ('value_offset', 2),
-        ('part_attribute_value', '*'),
-    ]
-)
 class ATT_Prepare_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.2 Prepare Write Response
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    value_offset: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    part_attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([("flags", 1)])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Execute_Write_Request(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.3 Execute Write Request
     '''
 
+    flags: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Execute_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.6.4 Execute Write Response
@@ -737,23 +719,32 @@ class ATT_Execute_Write_Response(ATT_PDU):
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Notification(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.1 Handle Value Notification
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([('attribute_handle', HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC), ('attribute_value', '*')])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Indication(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.2 Handle Value Indication
     '''
 
+    attribute_handle: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(HANDLE_FIELD_SPEC))
+    attribute_value: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-@ATT_PDU.subclass([])
+@ATT_PDU.subclass
+@dataclasses.dataclass
 class ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation(ATT_PDU):
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.3 Handle Value Confirmation
@@ -770,27 +761,25 @@ class AttributeValue(Generic[_T]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         read: Union[
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], _T],
+            Callable[[Connection], _T],
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection]], Awaitable[_T]],
+            Callable[[Connection], Awaitable[_T]],
             None,
         ] = None,
         write: Union[
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection], _T], None],
+            Callable[[Connection, _T], None],
-            Callable[[Optional[Connection], _T], Awaitable[None]],
+            Callable[[Connection, _T], Awaitable[None]],
             None,
         ] = None,
     ):
         self._read = read
         self._write = write
 
-    def read(self, connection: Optional[Connection]) -> Union[_T, Awaitable[_T]]:
+    def read(self, connection: Connection) -> Union[_T, Awaitable[_T]]:
         if self._read is None:
             raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no read function')
         return self._read(connection)
 
-    def write(
+    def write(self, connection: Connection, value: _T) -> Union[Awaitable[None], None]:
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: _T
-    ) -> Union[Awaitable[None], None]:
         if self._write is None:
             raise InvalidOperationError('AttributeValue has no write function')
         return self._write(connection, value)
@@ -820,7 +809,7 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
                 # The check for `p.name is not None` here is needed because for InFlag
                 # enums, the .name property can be None, when the enum value is 0,
                 # so the type hint for .name is Optional[str].
-                enum_list: List[str] = [p.name for p in cls if p.name is not None]
+                enum_list: list[str] = [p.name for p in cls if p.name is not None]
                 enum_list_str = ",".join(enum_list)
                 raise TypeError(
                     f"Attribute::permissions error:\nExpected a string containing any of the keys, separated by commas: {enum_list_str}\nGot: {permissions_str}"
@@ -871,7 +860,7 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
     def decode_value(self, value: bytes) -> _T:
         return value  # type: ignore
 
-    async def read_value(self, connection: Optional[Connection]) -> bytes:
+    async def read_value(self, connection: Connection) -> bytes:
         if (
             (self.permissions & self.READ_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION)
             and connection is not None
@@ -913,7 +902,7 @@ class Attribute(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
 
         return b'' if value is None else self.encode_value(value)
 
-    async def write_value(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+    async def write_value(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
         if (
             (self.permissions & self.WRITE_REQUIRES_ENCRYPTION)
             and connection is not None

bumble/audio/io.py

@@ -17,20 +17,16 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import asyncio
 import abc
-from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import logging
 import pathlib
-from typing import (
-    AsyncGenerator,
-    BinaryIO,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
 import sys
 import wave
+from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, AsyncGenerator, BinaryIO
 
 from bumble.colors import color
 
@@ -230,8 +226,8 @@ class SoundDeviceAudioOutput(ThreadedAudioOutput):
 
         try:
             self._stream.write(pcm_samples)
-        except Exception as error:
+        except Exception:
-            print(f'Sound device error: {error}')
+            logger.exception('Sound device error')
             raise
 
     def _close(self):

bumble/audio/io_asrc.py

@@ -0,0 +1,339 @@
+# Copyright 2025
+#
+# Drop-in replacement for `SoundDeviceAudioInput` that adds a tiny ASRC stage.
+#
+# Constraints per request:
+# - Only import io_bumble.py at module level.
+# - Reuse the ASRC functionality from asrc.py conceptually (PI control + FIFO +
+#   linear/sinc resampling behavior). We implement a minimal, dependency-free
+#   variant (linear interpolation with a small PI loop) so this module does not
+#   import anything else at top-level.
+#
+# Notes:
+# - Input stream is captured via sounddevice (imported lazily inside methods).
+# - Input is mono float32 for simplicity; output matches the original class
+#   signature: INT16, stereo, at the same nominal sample rate as requested.
+
+from .io import PcmFormat, ThreadedAudioInput, logger  # only top-level import
+
+
+class SoundDeviceAudioInputAsrc(ThreadedAudioInput):
+    """Sound device audio input with a simple ASRC stage.
+
+    Interface-compatible with `io_bumble.SoundDeviceAudioInput`:
+      - __init__(device_name: str, pcm_format: PcmFormat)
+      - _open() -> PcmFormat
+      - _read(frame_size: int) -> bytes
+      - _close() -> None
+
+    Behavior:
+      - Captures mono float32 frames from the device.
+      - Buffers into an internal ring buffer.
+      - Produces stereo INT16 frames using a linear-interp resampler whose
+        ratio is adjusted by a tiny PI loop to hold FIFO depth near a target.
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, device_name: str, pcm_format: str) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        # Device & format
+        self._device = int(device_name) if device_name else None
+        pcm_format: PcmFormat | None
+        if pcm_format == 'auto':
+            pcm_format = None
+        else:
+            pcm_format = PcmFormat.from_str(pcm_format)
+        self._pcm_format_in = pcm_format
+        # We always output stereo INT16 at the same nominal sample rate.
+        self._pcm_format_out = PcmFormat(
+            PcmFormat.Endianness.LITTLE,
+            PcmFormat.SampleType.INT16,
+            pcm_format.sample_rate,
+            2,
+        )
+
+        # sounddevice stream (created in _open)
+        self._stream = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
+
+        # --- ASRC state (inspired by asrc.py) ---
+        # Nominal input/output rate ratio
+        self._r = 1.0
+        self._integral = 0.0
+        self._phi = 0.0  # fractional read position within current chunk
+
+        # PI gains (tiny to avoid warble)
+        self._Kp = 2e-6
+        self._Ki = 5e-8
+        self._R0 = 1.0
+
+        # Target FIFO level and deadband (≈10 ms target, 0.5 ms deadband)
+        fs = float(self._pcm_format_in.sample_rate)
+        self._target_samples = max(1, int(0.010 * fs))
+        self._deadband = max(1, int(0.0005 * fs))
+
+        # Ring buffer for mono float32 samples
+        # Capacity ~2 seconds for headroom
+        self._rb_cap = max(self._target_samples * 32, int(2 * fs))
+        self._rb = None  # created in _init_rb()
+        self._ridx = 0
+        self._size = 0
+        self._lock = None  # created in _init_rb()
+        self._init_rb()
+
+        # Light logging timer
+        self._last_log = 0.0
+
+        # Streaming resampler and internal output buffer (lazy init)
+        self._rs = None  # samplerate.Resampler
+        self._out_buf = None  # numpy.ndarray float32
+
+    # ---------------- Internal helpers -----------------
+    def _init_rb(self) -> None:
+        # Lazy import standard libs to keep only io_bumble imported at top level
+        import threading
+        from array import array
+
+        self._rb = array('f', [0.0] * self._rb_cap)  # float32 ring buffer
+        self._lock = threading.Lock()
+        self._ridx = 0
+        self._size = 0
+
+    def _fifo_len(self) -> int:
+        with self._lock:
+            return self._size
+
+    def _fifo_write(self, x_f32) -> None:
+        # x_f32: 1-D float32-like iterable
+        k = len(x_f32)
+        if k <= 0:
+            return
+        rb = self._rb
+        if rb is None:
+            return
+        with self._lock:
+            # Trim if larger than capacity: keep last N
+            if k >= self._rb_cap:
+                x_f32 = x_f32[-self._rb_cap:]
+                k = self._rb_cap
+            # Make room on overflow (drop oldest)
+            excess = max(0, self._size + k - self._rb_cap)
+            if excess:
+                self._ridx = (self._ridx + excess) % self._rb_cap
+                self._size -= excess
+            # Write at tail position
+            wpos = (self._ridx + self._size) % self._rb_cap
+            first = min(k, self._rb_cap - wpos)
+            # Write first chunk
+            from array import array as _array  # lazy import
+            rb[wpos:wpos + first] = _array('f', x_f32[:first])
+            # Wrap if needed
+            second = k - first
+            if second:
+                rb[0:second] = _array('f', x_f32[first:])
+            self._size += k
+
+    def _fifo_peek_array(self, n: int):
+        # Returns a Python list[float] copy of up to n samples
+        rb = self._rb
+        if rb is None:
+            return []
+        m = max(0, min(n, self._fifo_len()))
+        if m <= 0:
+            return []
+        pos = self._ridx
+        first = min(m, self._rb_cap - pos)
+        # Copy out
+        out = [0.0] * m
+        # First chunk
+        out[:first] = rb[pos:pos + first]
+        # Second chunk if wrap
+        second = m - first
+        if second > 0:
+            out[first:] = rb[0:second]
+        return out
+
+    def _fifo_discard(self, n: int) -> None:
+        with self._lock:
+            d = max(0, min(n, self._size))
+            self._ridx = (self._ridx + d) % self._rb_cap
+            self._size -= d
+
+    def _update_ratio(self) -> None:
+        # PI loop to hold buffer near target
+        e = self._target_samples - self._fifo_len()
+        if -self._deadband <= e <= self._deadband:
+            e = 0.0
+        cand_integral = self._integral + e
+        r_unclamped = self._R0 * (1.0 + self._Kp * e + self._Ki * cand_integral)
+        # Limit to ±1000 ppm vs nominal
+        ppm_unclamped = 1e6 * (r_unclamped / self._R0 - 1.0)
+        saturated_high = ppm_unclamped > 1000.0
+        saturated_low = ppm_unclamped < -1000.0
+        if saturated_high:
+            self._r = self._R0 * (1 + 1000e-6)
+            if e <= 0:
+                self._integral = cand_integral
+            self._integral *= 0.99
+        elif saturated_low:
+            self._r = self._R0 * (1 - 1000e-6)
+            if e >= 0:
+                self._integral = cand_integral
+            self._integral *= 0.99
+        else:
+            self._integral = cand_integral
+            self._r = r_unclamped
+
+        # Occasional log
+        try:
+            import time as _time
+            now = _time.time()
+            if now - self._last_log > 1.0:
+                buf_ms = 1000.0 * self._fifo_len() / float(self._pcm_format_in.sample_rate)
+                print(
+                    f"\nASRC buf={buf_ms:5.1f} ms r={self._r:.9f} corr={1e6 * (self._r / self._R0 - 1.0):+7.1f} ppm"
+                )
+                self._last_log = now
+        except Exception:
+            # Logging must never break audio
+            pass
+
+    def _process(self, n_out: int) -> list[float]:
+        # Accumulate at least n_out samples using samplerate.Resampler
+        if n_out <= 0:
+            return []
+        # Lazy imports
+        import numpy as np  # type: ignore
+
+        # Lazy init output buffer
+        if self._out_buf is None:
+            self._out_buf = np.zeros(0, dtype=np.float32)
+
+        # Choose chunk so we don't take too much from FIFO each time
+        max_chunk = max(256, int(np.ceil(n_out / max(1e-9, self._r))))
+        safety_iters = 0
+        while self._out_buf.size < n_out and safety_iters < 16:
+            safety_iters += 1
+            available = self._fifo_len()
+            if available <= 0:
+                break
+            take = min(available, max_chunk)
+            x = self._fifo_peek_array(take)
+            self._fifo_discard(take)
+            if not x:
+                break
+            x_arr = np.asarray(x, dtype=np.float32)
+            if self._rs is not None:
+                try:
+                    y = self._rs.process(x_arr, ratio=float(self._r), end_of_input=False)
+                except Exception:
+                    logger.exception("ASRC resampler error")
+                    y = None
+            else:
+                y = None
+            if y is not None and getattr(y, 'size', 0):
+                y = y.astype(np.float32, copy=False)
+                if self._out_buf.size == 0:
+                    self._out_buf = y
+                else:
+                    self._out_buf = np.concatenate((self._out_buf, y))
+
+        if self._out_buf.size >= n_out:
+            out = self._out_buf[:n_out]
+            self._out_buf = self._out_buf[n_out:]
+            return out.tolist()
+        else:
+            # Not enough data produced; pad with zeros
+            out = np.zeros(n_out, dtype=np.float32)
+            if self._out_buf.size:
+                out[: self._out_buf.size] = self._out_buf
+                self._out_buf = np.zeros(0, dtype=np.float32)
+            return out.tolist()
+
+    def _mono_to_stereo_int16_bytes(self, mono_f32: list[float]) -> bytes:
+        # Convert [-1,1] float list to stereo int16 little-endian bytes
+        import struct
+        ba = bytearray()
+        for v in mono_f32:
+            # clip
+            if v > 1.0:
+                v = 1.0
+            elif v < -1.0:
+                v = -1.0
+            i16 = int(v * 32767.0)
+            ba += struct.pack('<hh', i16, i16)
+        return bytes(ba)
+
+    # ---------------- ThreadedAudioInput hooks -----------------
+    def _open(self) -> PcmFormat:
+        # Set up sounddevice RawInputStream (int16) and start callback producer
+        import sounddevice  # pylint: disable=import-error
+        import math
+        import samplerate as sr  # type: ignore
+
+        # We capture mono regardless of requested channels, then output stereo.
+        channels = 1
+        samplerate = int(self._pcm_format_in.sample_rate)
+
+        def _callback(indata, frames, time_info, status):  # noqa: ARG001 (signature is fixed)
+            # indata: raw int16 bytes-like buffer of shape (frames, channels)
+            try:
+                if status:
+                    logger.warning("Input status: %s", status)
+                if frames <= 0:
+                    return
+                # Interpret raw bytes as little-endian int16 mono
+                mv = memoryview(indata).cast('h')  # len == frames * channels
+                # Convert to float in [-1, 1]
+                # Avoid division errors; protect NaN/Inf
+                mono = []
+                for i in range(frames):
+                    v = mv[i]
+                    f = float(v) / 32768.0
+                    if not (f == f) or math.isinf(f):
+                        f = 0.0
+                    mono.append(f)
+                self._fifo_write(mono)
+            except Exception:  # never let callback raise
+                logger.exception("Audio input callback error")
+
+        # Create streaming resampler (mono)
+        try:
+            self._rs = sr.Resampler(converter_type="sinc_fastest", channels=1)
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception("Failed to create samplerate.Resampler; audio may be silent")
+            self._rs = None
+
+        self._stream = sounddevice.RawInputStream(
+            samplerate=samplerate,
+            device=self._device,
+            channels=channels,
+            dtype='int16',
+            callback=_callback,
+        )
+        self._stream.start()
+
+        return self._pcm_format_out
+
+    def _read(self, frame_size: int) -> bytes:
+        # Produce 'frame_size' output frames (stereo INT16)
+        if frame_size <= 0:
+            return b''
+        # Update resampling ratio based on FIFO level
+        try:
+            self._update_ratio()
+        except Exception:
+            # keep going even if update failed
+            pass
+        # Process mono float32
+        mono = self._process(frame_size)
+        # Convert to stereo int16 LE bytes
+        return self._mono_to_stereo_int16_bytes(mono)
+
+    def _close(self) -> None:
+        try:
+            if self._stream is not None:
+                self._stream.stop()
+                self._stream.close()
+        except Exception:
+            logger.exception('Error closing input stream')
+        finally:
+            self._stream = None

bumble/avc.py

@@ -16,12 +16,12 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import struct
-from typing import Dict, Type, Union, Tuple
+from typing import Union
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, utils
-from bumble import utils
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -213,11 +213,11 @@ class CommandFrame(Frame):
         NOTIFY = 0x03
         GENERAL_INQUIRY = 0x04
 
-    subclasses: Dict[Frame.OperationCode, Type[CommandFrame]] = {}
+    subclasses: dict[Frame.OperationCode, type[CommandFrame]] = {}
     ctype: CommandType
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> Tuple:
+    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> tuple:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def __init__(
@@ -251,11 +251,11 @@ class ResponseFrame(Frame):
         CHANGED = 0x0D
         INTERIM = 0x0F
 
-    subclasses: Dict[Frame.OperationCode, Type[ResponseFrame]] = {}
+    subclasses: dict[Frame.OperationCode, type[ResponseFrame]] = {}
     response: ResponseCode
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> Tuple:
+    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> tuple:
         raise NotImplementedError
 
     def __init__(
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ class VendorDependentFrame:
     vendor_dependent_data: bytes
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> Tuple:
+    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> tuple:
         return (
             struct.unpack(">I", b"\x00" + operands[:3])[0],
             operands[3:],
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ class PassThroughFrame:
     operation_data: bytes
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> Tuple:
+    def parse_operands(operands: bytes) -> tuple:
         return (
             PassThroughFrame.StateFlag(operands[0] >> 7),
             PassThroughFrame.OperationId(operands[0] & 0x7F),

bumble/avctp.py

@@ -16,15 +16,14 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from enum import IntEnum
+
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Callable, cast, Dict, Optional
+from enum import IntEnum
+from typing import Callable, Optional, cast
 
+from bumble import avc, core, l2cap
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble import avc
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import l2cap
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -137,8 +136,8 @@ class MessageAssembler:
                 self.pid,
                 self.payload,
             )
-        except Exception as error:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.exception(color(f"!!! exception in callback: {error}", "red"))
+            logger.exception(color("!!! exception in callback", "red"))
 
         self.reset()
 
@@ -146,9 +145,9 @@ class MessageAssembler:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Protocol:
     CommandHandler = Callable[[int, avc.CommandFrame], None]
-    command_handlers: Dict[int, CommandHandler]  # Command handlers, by PID
+    command_handlers: dict[int, CommandHandler]  # Command handlers, by PID
     ResponseHandler = Callable[[int, Optional[avc.ResponseFrame]], None]
-    response_handlers: Dict[int, ResponseHandler]  # Response handlers, by PID
+    response_handlers: dict[int, ResponseHandler]  # Response handlers, by PID
     next_transaction_label: int
     message_assembler: MessageAssembler
 

bumble/avdtp.py

@@ -16,35 +16,25 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import time
-import logging
 import enum
+import logging
+import time
 import warnings
 from typing import (
     Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Dict,
-    Type,
-    Tuple,
-    Optional,
-    Callable,
-    List,
     AsyncGenerator,
+    Awaitable,
+    Callable,
     Iterable,
-    Union,
+    Optional,
     SupportsBytes,
+    Union,
     cast,
 )
 
-
+from bumble import device, l2cap, sdp, utils
-from bumble.core import (
-    BT_ADVANCED_AUDIO_DISTRIBUTION_SERVICE,
-    InvalidStateError,
-    ProtocolError,
-    InvalidArgumentError,
-    name_or_number,
-)
 from bumble.a2dp import (
     A2DP_CODEC_TYPE_NAMES,
     A2DP_MPEG_2_4_AAC_CODEC_TYPE,
@@ -55,10 +45,15 @@ from bumble.a2dp import (
     SbcMediaCodecInformation,
     VendorSpecificMediaCodecInformation,
 )
-from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
-from bumble import sdp, device, l2cap, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-
+from bumble.core import (
+    BT_ADVANCED_AUDIO_DISTRIBUTION_SERVICE,
+    InvalidArgumentError,
+    InvalidStateError,
+    ProtocolError,
+    name_or_number,
+)
+from bumble.rtp import MediaPacket
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -227,7 +222,7 @@ AVDTP_STATE_NAMES = {
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def find_avdtp_service_with_sdp_client(
     sdp_client: sdp.Client,
-) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
+) -> Optional[tuple[int, int]]:
     '''
     Find an AVDTP service, using a connected SDP client, and return its version,
     or None if none is found
@@ -257,7 +252,7 @@ async def find_avdtp_service_with_sdp_client(
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 async def find_avdtp_service_with_connection(
     connection: device.Connection,
-) -> Optional[Tuple[int, int]]:
+) -> Optional[tuple[int, int]]:
     '''
     Find an AVDTP service, for a connection, and return its version,
     or None if none is found
@@ -438,8 +433,8 @@ class MessageAssembler:
         )
         try:
             self.callback(self.transaction_label, message)
-        except Exception as error:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.exception(color(f'!!! exception in callback: {error}', 'red'))
+            logger.exception(color('!!! exception in callback', 'red'))
 
         self.reset()
 
@@ -451,7 +446,7 @@ class ServiceCapabilities:
         service_category: int, service_capabilities_bytes: bytes
     ) -> ServiceCapabilities:
         # Select the appropriate subclass
-        cls: Type[ServiceCapabilities]
+        cls: type[ServiceCapabilities]
         if service_category == AVDTP_MEDIA_CODEC_SERVICE_CATEGORY:
             cls = MediaCodecCapabilities
         else:
@@ -466,7 +461,7 @@ class ServiceCapabilities:
         return instance
 
     @staticmethod
-    def parse_capabilities(payload: bytes) -> List[ServiceCapabilities]:
+    def parse_capabilities(payload: bytes) -> list[ServiceCapabilities]:
         capabilities = []
         while payload:
             service_category = payload[0]
@@ -499,7 +494,7 @@ class ServiceCapabilities:
         self.service_category = service_category
         self.service_capabilities_bytes = service_capabilities_bytes
 
-    def to_string(self, details: Optional[List[str]] = None) -> str:
+    def to_string(self, details: Optional[list[str]] = None) -> str:
         attributes = ','.join(
             [name_or_number(AVDTP_SERVICE_CATEGORY_NAMES, self.service_category)]
             + (details or [])
@@ -612,7 +607,7 @@ class Message:  # pylint:disable=attribute-defined-outside-init
         RESPONSE_REJECT = 3
 
     # Subclasses, by signal identifier and message type
-    subclasses: Dict[int, Dict[int, Type[Message]]] = {}
+    subclasses: dict[int, dict[int, type[Message]]] = {}
     message_type: MessageType
     signal_identifier: int
 
@@ -757,7 +752,7 @@ class Discover_Response(Message):
     See Bluetooth AVDTP spec - 8.6.2 Stream End Point Discovery Response
     '''
 
-    endpoints: List[EndPointInfo]
+    endpoints: list[EndPointInfo]
 
     def init_from_payload(self):
         self.endpoints = []
@@ -1202,10 +1197,10 @@ class DelayReport_Reject(Simple_Reject):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
-    local_endpoints: List[LocalStreamEndPoint]
+    local_endpoints: list[LocalStreamEndPoint]
-    remote_endpoints: Dict[int, DiscoveredStreamEndPoint]
+    remote_endpoints: dict[int, DiscoveredStreamEndPoint]
-    streams: Dict[int, Stream]
+    streams: dict[int, Stream]
-    transaction_results: List[Optional[asyncio.Future[Message]]]
+    transaction_results: list[Optional[asyncio.Future[Message]]]
     channel_connector: Callable[[], Awaitable[l2cap.ClassicChannel]]
 
     EVENT_OPEN = "open"
@@ -1223,7 +1218,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     @staticmethod
     async def connect(
-        connection: device.Connection, version: Tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
+        connection: device.Connection, version: tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
     ) -> Protocol:
         channel = await connection.create_l2cap_channel(
             spec=l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(psm=AVDTP_PSM)
@@ -1233,7 +1228,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         return protocol
 
     def __init__(
-        self, l2cap_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel, version: Tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
+        self, l2cap_channel: l2cap.ClassicChannel, version: tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__()
         self.l2cap_channel = l2cap_channel
@@ -1404,10 +1399,8 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
                 try:
                     response = handler(message)
                     self.send_message(transaction_label, response)
-                except Exception as error:
+                except Exception:
-                    logger.warning(
+                    logger.exception(color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red"))
-                        f'{color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red")} {error}'
-                    )
             else:
                 logger.warning('unhandled command')
         else:
@@ -1502,7 +1495,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         return response
 
-    async def start_transaction(self) -> Tuple[int, asyncio.Future[Message]]:
+    async def start_transaction(self) -> tuple[int, asyncio.Future[Message]]:
         # Wait until we can start a new transaction
         await self.transaction_semaphore.acquire()
 
@@ -1703,7 +1696,7 @@ class Protocol(utils.EventEmitter):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Listener(utils.EventEmitter):
-    servers: Dict[int, Protocol]
+    servers: dict[int, Protocol]
 
     EVENT_CONNECTION = "connection"
 
@@ -1735,7 +1728,7 @@ class Listener(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     @classmethod
     def for_device(
-        cls, device: device.Device, version: Tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
+        cls, device: device.Device, version: tuple[int, int] = (1, 3)
     ) -> Listener:
         listener = Listener(registrar=None, version=version)
         l2cap_server = device.create_l2cap_server(

bumble/codecs.py

@@ -16,7 +16,9 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from bumble import core

bumble/colors.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
 
 from functools import partial
-from typing import List, Optional, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 
 class ColorError(ValueError):
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def color(
     bg: Optional[ColorSpec] = None,
     style: Optional[str] = None,
 ) -> str:
-    codes: List[ColorSpec] = []
+    codes: list[ColorSpec] = []
 
     if fg:
         codes.append(_color_code(fg, 30))

bumble/controller.py

@@ -17,34 +17,32 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import logging
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import itertools
+import logging
 import random
 import struct
-from bumble.colors import color
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-)
 
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import PhysicalTransport
 from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_ACL_DATA_PACKET,
     HCI_COMMAND_DISALLOWED_ERROR,
     HCI_COMMAND_PACKET,
     HCI_COMMAND_STATUS_PENDING,
-    HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
     HCI_CONTROLLER_BUSY_ERROR,
     HCI_EVENT_PACKET,
     HCI_INVALID_HCI_COMMAND_PARAMETERS_ERROR,
     HCI_LE_1M_PHY,
-    HCI_SUCCESS,
-    HCI_UNKNOWN_HCI_COMMAND_ERROR,
-    HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
     HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
+    HCI_SUCCESS,
+    HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+    HCI_UNKNOWN_HCI_COMMAND_ERROR,
     HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0,
     Address,
-    Role,
     HCI_AclDataPacket,
     HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler,
     HCI_Command_Complete_Event,
@@ -53,7 +51,6 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_Connection_Request_Event,
     HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event,
     HCI_Encryption_Change_Event,
-    HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Complete_Event,
     HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event,
     HCI_LE_CIS_Established_Event,
     HCI_LE_CIS_Request_Event,
@@ -62,8 +59,9 @@ from bumble.hci import (
     HCI_Number_Of_Completed_Packets_Event,
     HCI_Packet,
     HCI_Role_Change_Event,
+    HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Complete_Event,
+    Role,
 )
-from typing import Optional, Union, Dict, Any, TYPE_CHECKING
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.link import LocalLink
@@ -89,6 +87,7 @@ class CisLink:
     cis_id: int
     cig_id: int
     acl_connection: Optional[Connection] = None
+    data_paths: set[int] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=set)
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -108,7 +107,9 @@ class Connection:
     def on_hci_acl_data_packet(self, packet):
         self.assembler.feed_packet(packet)
         self.controller.send_hci_packet(
-            HCI_Number_Of_Completed_Packets_Event([(self.handle, 1)])
+            HCI_Number_Of_Completed_Packets_Event(
+                connection_handles=[self.handle], num_completed_packets=[1]
+            )
         )
 
     def on_acl_pdu(self, data):
@@ -132,17 +133,17 @@ class Controller:
         self.hci_sink = None
         self.link = link
 
-        self.central_connections: Dict[Address, Connection] = (
+        self.central_connections: dict[Address, Connection] = (
             {}
         )  # Connections where this controller is the central
-        self.peripheral_connections: Dict[Address, Connection] = (
+        self.peripheral_connections: dict[Address, Connection] = (
             {}
         )  # Connections where this controller is the peripheral
-        self.classic_connections: Dict[Address, Connection] = (
+        self.classic_connections: dict[Address, Connection] = (
             {}
         )  # Connections in BR/EDR
-        self.central_cis_links: Dict[int, CisLink] = {}  # CIS links by handle
+        self.central_cis_links: dict[int, CisLink] = {}  # CIS links by handle
-        self.peripheral_cis_links: Dict[int, CisLink] = {}  # CIS links by handle
+        self.peripheral_cis_links: dict[int, CisLink] = {}  # CIS links by handle
 
         self.hci_version = HCI_VERSION_BLUETOOTH_CORE_5_0
         self.hci_revision = 0
@@ -368,12 +369,23 @@ class Controller:
                 return connection
         return None
 
+    def find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(self, handle):
+        for connection in self.peripheral_connections.values():
+            if connection.handle == handle:
+                return connection
+        return None
+
     def find_classic_connection_by_handle(self, handle):
         for connection in self.classic_connections.values():
             if connection.handle == handle:
                 return connection
         return None
 
+    def find_iso_link_by_handle(self, handle: int) -> Optional[CisLink]:
+        return self.central_cis_links.get(handle) or self.peripheral_cis_links.get(
+            handle
+        )
+
     def on_link_central_connected(self, central_address):
         '''
         Called when an incoming connection occurs from a central on the link
@@ -392,7 +404,7 @@ class Controller:
                 peer_address=peer_address,
                 link=self.link,
                 transport=PhysicalTransport.LE,
-                link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+                link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
             )
             self.peripheral_connections[peer_address] = connection
             logger.debug(f'New PERIPHERAL connection handle: 0x{connection_handle:04X}')
@@ -412,7 +424,7 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
 
-    def on_link_central_disconnected(self, peer_address, reason):
+    def on_link_disconnected(self, peer_address, reason):
         '''
         Called when an active disconnection occurs from a peer
         '''
@@ -429,6 +441,17 @@ class Controller:
 
             # Remove the connection
             del self.peripheral_connections[peer_address]
+        elif connection := self.central_connections.get(peer_address):
+            self.send_hci_packet(
+                HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event(
+                    status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                    connection_handle=connection.handle,
+                    reason=reason,
+                )
+            )
+
+            # Remove the connection
+            del self.central_connections[peer_address]
         else:
             logger.warning(f'!!! No peripheral connection found for {peer_address}')
 
@@ -452,7 +475,7 @@ class Controller:
                     peer_address=peer_address,
                     link=self.link,
                     transport=PhysicalTransport.LE,
-                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
                 )
                 self.central_connections[peer_address] = connection
                 logger.debug(
@@ -477,7 +500,7 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
 
-    def on_link_peripheral_disconnection_complete(self, disconnection_command, status):
+    def on_link_disconnection_complete(self, disconnection_command, status):
         '''
         Called when a disconnection has been completed
         '''
@@ -497,26 +520,11 @@ class Controller:
         ):
             logger.debug(f'CENTRAL Connection removed: {connection}')
             del self.central_connections[connection.peer_address]
-
+        elif connection := self.find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(
-    def on_link_peripheral_disconnected(self, peer_address):
+            disconnection_command.connection_handle
-        '''
+        ):
-        Called when a connection to a peripheral is broken
+            logger.debug(f'PERIPHERAL Connection removed: {connection}')
-        '''
+            del self.peripheral_connections[connection.peer_address]
-
-        # Send a disconnection complete event
-        if connection := self.central_connections.get(peer_address):
-            self.send_hci_packet(
-                HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event(
-                    status=HCI_SUCCESS,
-                    connection_handle=connection.handle,
-                    reason=HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-                )
-            )
-
-            # Remove the connection
-            del self.central_connections[peer_address]
-        else:
-            logger.warning(f'!!! No central connection found for {peer_address}')
 
     def on_link_encrypted(self, peer_address, _rand, _ediv, _ltk):
         # For now, just setup the encryption without asking the host
@@ -542,15 +550,14 @@ class Controller:
         acl_packet = HCI_AclDataPacket(connection.handle, 2, 0, len(data), data)
         self.send_hci_packet(acl_packet)
 
-    def on_link_advertising_data(self, sender_address, data):
+    def on_link_advertising_data(self, sender_address: Address, data: bytes):
         # Ignore if we're not scanning
         if self.le_scan_enable == 0:
             return
 
         # Send a scan report
         report = HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.Report(
-            HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.Report.FIELDS,
+            event_type=HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.EventType.ADV_IND,
-            event_type=HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.ADV_IND,
             address_type=sender_address.address_type,
             address=sender_address,
             data=data,
@@ -560,8 +567,7 @@ class Controller:
 
         # Simulate a scan response
         report = HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.Report(
-            HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.Report.FIELDS,
+            event_type=HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.EventType.SCAN_RSP,
-            event_type=HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event.SCAN_RSP,
             address_type=sender_address.address_type,
             address=sender_address,
             data=data,
@@ -618,8 +624,8 @@ class Controller:
                 cis_sync_delay=0,
                 transport_latency_c_to_p=0,
                 transport_latency_p_to_c=0,
-                phy_c_to_p=0,
+                phy_c_to_p=1,
-                phy_p_to_c=0,
+                phy_p_to_c=1,
                 nse=0,
                 bn_c_to_p=0,
                 bn_p_to_c=0,
@@ -695,7 +701,7 @@ class Controller:
                     peer_address=peer_address,
                     link=self.link,
                     transport=PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR,
-                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
                 )
                 self.classic_connections[peer_address] = connection
                 logger.debug(
@@ -709,7 +715,7 @@ class Controller:
                     connection_handle=connection_handle,
                     bd_addr=peer_address,
                     encryption_enabled=False,
-                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
                 )
             )
         else:
@@ -720,7 +726,7 @@ class Controller:
                     connection_handle=0,
                     bd_addr=peer_address,
                     encryption_enabled=False,
-                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+                    link_type=HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
                 )
             )
 
@@ -877,6 +883,14 @@ class Controller:
             else:
                 # Remove the connection
                 del self.central_connections[connection.peer_address]
+        elif connection := self.find_peripheral_connection_by_handle(handle):
+            if self.link:
+                self.link.disconnect(
+                    self.random_address, connection.peer_address, command
+                )
+            else:
+                # Remove the connection
+                del self.peripheral_connections[connection.peer_address]
         elif connection := self.find_classic_connection_by_handle(handle):
             if self.link:
                 self.link.classic_disconnect(
@@ -945,7 +959,7 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
         self.link.classic_sco_connect(
-            self, connection.peer_address, HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ESCO_LINK_TYPE
+            self, connection.peer_address, HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ESCO
         )
 
     def on_hci_enhanced_accept_synchronous_connection_request_command(self, command):
@@ -974,10 +988,71 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
         self.link.classic_accept_sco_connection(
-            self, connection.peer_address, HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ESCO_LINK_TYPE
+            self, connection.peer_address, HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ESCO
         )
 
-    def on_hci_switch_role_command(self, command):
+    def on_hci_sniff_mode_command(self, command: hci.HCI_Sniff_Mode_Command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.2.2 Sniff Mode command
+        '''
+        if self.link is None:
+            self.send_hci_packet(
+                hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event(
+                    status=hci.HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+                    num_hci_command_packets=1,
+                    command_opcode=command.op_code,
+                )
+            )
+            return
+
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event(
+                status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                num_hci_command_packets=1,
+                command_opcode=command.op_code,
+            )
+        )
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event(
+                status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                connection_handle=command.connection_handle,
+                current_mode=hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event.Mode.SNIFF,
+                interval=2,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def on_hci_exit_sniff_mode_command(self, command: hci.HCI_Exit_Sniff_Mode_Command):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.2.3 Exit Sniff Mode command
+        '''
+
+        if self.link is None:
+            self.send_hci_packet(
+                hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event(
+                    status=hci.HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+                    num_hci_command_packets=1,
+                    command_opcode=command.op_code,
+                )
+            )
+            return
+
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event(
+                status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                num_hci_command_packets=1,
+                command_opcode=command.op_code,
+            )
+        )
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event(
+                status=HCI_SUCCESS,
+                connection_handle=command.connection_handle,
+                current_mode=hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event.Mode.ACTIVE,
+                interval=2,
+            )
+        )
+
+    def on_hci_switch_role_command(self, command: hci.HCI_Switch_Role_Command):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.2.8 Switch Role command
         '''
@@ -1198,6 +1273,56 @@ class Controller:
         )
         return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS]) + bd_addr
 
+    def on_hci_le_set_default_subrate_command(
+        self, command: hci.HCI_LE_Set_Default_Subrate_Command
+    ):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 6, Part E - 7.8.123 LE Set Event Mask Command
+        '''
+
+        if (
+            command.subrate_max * (command.max_latency) > 500
+            or command.subrate_max < command.subrate_min
+            or command.continuation_number >= command.subrate_max
+        ):
+            return bytes([HCI_INVALID_HCI_COMMAND_PARAMETERS_ERROR])
+
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])
+
+    def on_hci_le_subrate_request_command(
+        self, command: hci.HCI_LE_Subrate_Request_Command
+    ):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 6, Part E - 7.8.124 LE Subrate Request command
+        '''
+        if (
+            command.subrate_max * (command.max_latency) > 500
+            or command.continuation_number < command.continuation_number
+            or command.subrate_max < command.subrate_min
+            or command.continuation_number >= command.subrate_max
+        ):
+            return bytes([HCI_INVALID_HCI_COMMAND_PARAMETERS_ERROR])
+
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event(
+                status=hci.HCI_SUCCESS,
+                num_hci_command_packets=1,
+                command_opcode=command.op_code,
+            )
+        )
+
+        self.send_hci_packet(
+            hci.HCI_LE_Subrate_Change_Event(
+                status=hci.HCI_SUCCESS,
+                connection_handle=command.connection_handle,
+                subrate_factor=2,
+                peripheral_latency=2,
+                continuation_number=command.continuation_number,
+                supervision_timeout=command.supervision_timeout,
+            )
+        )
+        return None
+
     def on_hci_le_set_event_mask_command(self, command):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.1 LE Set Event Mask Command
@@ -1733,14 +1858,57 @@ class Controller:
             )
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_setup_iso_data_path_command(self, command):
+    def on_hci_le_setup_iso_data_path_command(
+        self, command: hci.HCI_LE_Setup_ISO_Data_Path_Command
+    ) -> bytes:
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.109 LE Setup ISO Data Path Command
         '''
+        if not (iso_link := self.find_iso_link_by_handle(command.connection_handle)):
+            return struct.pack(
+                '<BH',
+                HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+                command.connection_handle,
+            )
+        if command.data_path_direction in iso_link.data_paths:
+            return struct.pack(
+                '<BH',
+                HCI_COMMAND_DISALLOWED_ERROR,
+                command.connection_handle,
+            )
+        iso_link.data_paths.add(command.data_path_direction)
         return struct.pack('<BH', HCI_SUCCESS, command.connection_handle)
 
-    def on_hci_le_remove_iso_data_path_command(self, command):
+    def on_hci_le_remove_iso_data_path_command(
+        self, command: hci.HCI_LE_Remove_ISO_Data_Path_Command
+    ) -> bytes:
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.110 LE Remove ISO Data Path Command
         '''
+        if not (iso_link := self.find_iso_link_by_handle(command.connection_handle)):
+            return struct.pack(
+                '<BH',
+                HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+                command.connection_handle,
+            )
+        data_paths: set[int] = set(
+            direction
+            for direction in hci.HCI_LE_Setup_ISO_Data_Path_Command.Direction
+            if (1 << direction) & command.data_path_direction
+        )
+        if not data_paths.issubset(iso_link.data_paths):
+            return struct.pack(
+                '<BH',
+                HCI_COMMAND_DISALLOWED_ERROR,
+                command.connection_handle,
+            )
+        iso_link.data_paths.difference_update(data_paths)
         return struct.pack('<BH', HCI_SUCCESS, command.connection_handle)
+
+    def on_hci_le_set_host_feature_command(
+        self, _command: hci.HCI_LE_Set_Host_Feature_Command
+    ):
+        '''
+        See Bluetooth spec Vol 4, Part E - 7.8.115 LE Set Host Feature command
+        '''
+        return bytes([HCI_SUCCESS])

bumble/crypto/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-# Copyright 2021-2022 Google LLC
+# Copyright 2021-2025 Google LLC
 #
-# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
 # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 # You may obtain a copy of the License at
 #
@@ -12,12 +12,6 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Crypto support
-#
-# See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part H - 2.2 CRYPTOGRAPHIC TOOLBOX
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -25,19 +19,15 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import logging
 import operator
-
 import secrets
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
+
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ec import (
+try:
-    generate_private_key,
+    from bumble.crypto.cryptography import EccKey, aes_cmac, e
-    ECDH,
+except ImportError:
-    EllipticCurvePrivateKey,
+    logging.getLogger(__name__).debug(
-    EllipticCurvePublicNumbers,
+        "Unable to import cryptography, use built-in primitives."
-    EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers,
+    )
-    SECP256R1,
+    from bumble.crypto.builtin import EccKey, aes_cmac, e  # type: ignore[assignment]
-)
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import cmac
-from typing import Tuple
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -46,55 +36,6 @@ from typing import Tuple
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Classes
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class EccKey:
-    def __init__(self, private_key: EllipticCurvePrivateKey) -> None:
-        self.private_key = private_key
-
-    @classmethod
-    def generate(cls) -> EccKey:
-        private_key = generate_private_key(SECP256R1())
-        return cls(private_key)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_private_key_bytes(
-        cls, d_bytes: bytes, x_bytes: bytes, y_bytes: bytes
-    ) -> EccKey:
-        d = int.from_bytes(d_bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False)
-        x = int.from_bytes(x_bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False)
-        y = int.from_bytes(y_bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False)
-        private_key = EllipticCurvePrivateNumbers(
-            d, EllipticCurvePublicNumbers(x, y, SECP256R1())
-        ).private_key()
-        return cls(private_key)
-
-    @property
-    def x(self) -> bytes:
-        return (
-            self.private_key.public_key()
-            .public_numbers()
-            .x.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
-        )
-
-    @property
-    def y(self) -> bytes:
-        return (
-            self.private_key.public_key()
-            .public_numbers()
-            .y.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
-        )
-
-    def dh(self, public_key_x: bytes, public_key_y: bytes) -> bytes:
-        x = int.from_bytes(public_key_x, byteorder='big', signed=False)
-        y = int.from_bytes(public_key_y, byteorder='big', signed=False)
-        public_key = EllipticCurvePublicNumbers(x, y, SECP256R1()).public_key()
-        shared_key = self.private_key.exchange(ECDH(), public_key)
-
-        return shared_key
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Functions
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -132,19 +73,6 @@ def r() -> bytes:
     return secrets.token_bytes(16)
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def e(key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
-    '''
-    AES-128 ECB, expecting byte-swapped inputs and producing a byte-swapped output.
-
-    See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.1 Security function e
-    '''
-
-    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(reverse(key)), modes.ECB())
-    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
-    return reverse(encryptor.update(reverse(data)))
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def ah(k: bytes, r: bytes) -> bytes:  # pylint: disable=redefined-outer-name
     '''
@@ -187,18 +115,6 @@ def s1(k: bytes, r1: bytes, r2: bytes) -> bytes:
     return e(k, r2[0:8] + r1[0:8])
 
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def aes_cmac(m: bytes, k: bytes) -> bytes:
-    '''
-    See Bluetooth spec, Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.5 FunctionAES-CMAC
-
-    NOTE: the input and output of this internal function are in big-endian byte order
-    '''
-    mac = cmac.CMAC(algorithms.AES(k))
-    mac.update(m)
-    return mac.finalize()
-
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 def f4(u: bytes, v: bytes, x: bytes, z: bytes) -> bytes:
     '''
@@ -209,7 +125,7 @@ def f4(u: bytes, v: bytes, x: bytes, z: bytes) -> bytes:
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-def f5(w: bytes, n1: bytes, n2: bytes, a1: bytes, a2: bytes) -> Tuple[bytes, bytes]:
+def f5(w: bytes, n1: bytes, n2: bytes, a1: bytes, a2: bytes) -> tuple[bytes, bytes]:
     '''
     See Bluetooth spec, Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.7 LE Secure Connections Key Generation
     Function f5

bumble/crypto/builtin.py

@@ -0,0 +1,652 @@
+# Copyright 2021-2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# The implementation is modified from:
+# * AES - https://github.com/ricmoo/pyaes by Richard Moore under MIT License
+# * CMAC - https://github.com/pycrypto/pycrypto by contributors under pycrypto License.
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Built-in implementation of cryptography primitives.
+#
+# Note: It's very dangerous to use this library in the real world.
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import copy
+import dataclasses
+import functools
+import secrets
+import struct
+from typing import Optional
+
+from bumble import core
+
+
+def _compact_word(word: bytes) -> int:
+    return int.from_bytes(word, "big")
+
+
+def _shift_bytes(bs: bytes, xor_lsb: int = 0) -> bytes:
+    return ((int.from_bytes(bs, "big") << 1) ^ xor_lsb).to_bytes(len(bs) + 1, "big")[1:]
+
+
+def _xor(a: bytes, b: bytes) -> bytes:
+    return bytes(x ^ y for x, y in zip(a, b))
+
+
+# Based *largely* on the Rijndael implementation
+# See: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/FIPS/FIPS197/FIPS-197.pdf
+class _AES:
+    '''Encapsulates the AES block cipher.
+
+    You generally should not need this. Use the AESModeOfOperation classes
+    below instead.'''
+
+    # fmt: off
+    # Number of rounds by key size
+    _NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS = {16: 10, 24: 12, 32: 14}
+
+    # Round constant words
+    _RCON = [ 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80, 0x1b, 0x36, 0x6c, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x4d, 0x9a, 0x2f, 0x5e, 0xbc, 0x63, 0xc6, 0x97, 0x35, 0x6a, 0xd4, 0xb3, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0xef, 0xc5, 0x91 ]
+
+    # S-box and Inverse S-box (S is for Substitution)
+    _S = [ 0x63, 0x7c, 0x77, 0x7b, 0xf2, 0x6b, 0x6f, 0xc5, 0x30, 0x01, 0x67, 0x2b, 0xfe, 0xd7, 0xab, 0x76, 0xca, 0x82, 0xc9, 0x7d, 0xfa, 0x59, 0x47, 0xf0, 0xad, 0xd4, 0xa2, 0xaf, 0x9c, 0xa4, 0x72, 0xc0, 0xb7, 0xfd, 0x93, 0x26, 0x36, 0x3f, 0xf7, 0xcc, 0x34, 0xa5, 0xe5, 0xf1, 0x71, 0xd8, 0x31, 0x15, 0x04, 0xc7, 0x23, 0xc3, 0x18, 0x96, 0x05, 0x9a, 0x07, 0x12, 0x80, 0xe2, 0xeb, 0x27, 0xb2, 0x75, 0x09, 0x83, 0x2c, 0x1a, 0x1b, 0x6e, 0x5a, 0xa0, 0x52, 0x3b, 0xd6, 0xb3, 0x29, 0xe3, 0x2f, 0x84, 0x53, 0xd1, 0x00, 0xed, 0x20, 0xfc, 0xb1, 0x5b, 0x6a, 0xcb, 0xbe, 0x39, 0x4a, 0x4c, 0x58, 0xcf, 0xd0, 0xef, 0xaa, 0xfb, 0x43, 0x4d, 0x33, 0x85, 0x45, 0xf9, 0x02, 0x7f, 0x50, 0x3c, 0x9f, 0xa8, 0x51, 0xa3, 0x40, 0x8f, 0x92, 0x9d, 0x38, 0xf5, 0xbc, 0xb6, 0xda, 0x21, 0x10, 0xff, 0xf3, 0xd2, 0xcd, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x97, 0x44, 0x17, 0xc4, 0xa7, 0x7e, 0x3d, 0x64, 0x5d, 0x19, 0x73, 0x60, 0x81, 0x4f, 0xdc, 0x22, 0x2a, 0x90, 0x88, 0x46, 0xee, 0xb8, 0x14, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x0b, 0xdb, 0xe0, 0x32, 0x3a, 0x0a, 0x49, 0x06, 0x24, 0x5c, 0xc2, 0xd3, 0xac, 0x62, 0x91, 0x95, 0xe4, 0x79, 0xe7, 0xc8, 0x37, 0x6d, 0x8d, 0xd5, 0x4e, 0xa9, 0x6c, 0x56, 0xf4, 0xea, 0x65, 0x7a, 0xae, 0x08, 0xba, 0x78, 0x25, 0x2e, 0x1c, 0xa6, 0xb4, 0xc6, 0xe8, 0xdd, 0x74, 0x1f, 0x4b, 0xbd, 0x8b, 0x8a, 0x70, 0x3e, 0xb5, 0x66, 0x48, 0x03, 0xf6, 0x0e, 0x61, 0x35, 0x57, 0xb9, 0x86, 0xc1, 0x1d, 0x9e, 0xe1, 0xf8, 0x98, 0x11, 0x69, 0xd9, 0x8e, 0x94, 0x9b, 0x1e, 0x87, 0xe9, 0xce, 0x55, 0x28, 0xdf, 0x8c, 0xa1, 0x89, 0x0d, 0xbf, 0xe6, 0x42, 0x68, 0x41, 0x99, 0x2d, 0x0f, 0xb0, 0x54, 0xbb, 0x16 ]
+    _S_INV =[ 0x52, 0x09, 0x6a, 0xd5, 0x30, 0x36, 0xa5, 0x38, 0xbf, 0x40, 0xa3, 0x9e, 0x81, 0xf3, 0xd7, 0xfb, 0x7c, 0xe3, 0x39, 0x82, 0x9b, 0x2f, 0xff, 0x87, 0x34, 0x8e, 0x43, 0x44, 0xc4, 0xde, 0xe9, 0xcb, 0x54, 0x7b, 0x94, 0x32, 0xa6, 0xc2, 0x23, 0x3d, 0xee, 0x4c, 0x95, 0x0b, 0x42, 0xfa, 0xc3, 0x4e, 0x08, 0x2e, 0xa1, 0x66, 0x28, 0xd9, 0x24, 0xb2, 0x76, 0x5b, 0xa2, 0x49, 0x6d, 0x8b, 0xd1, 0x25, 0x72, 0xf8, 0xf6, 0x64, 0x86, 0x68, 0x98, 0x16, 0xd4, 0xa4, 0x5c, 0xcc, 0x5d, 0x65, 0xb6, 0x92, 0x6c, 0x70, 0x48, 0x50, 0xfd, 0xed, 0xb9, 0xda, 0x5e, 0x15, 0x46, 0x57, 0xa7, 0x8d, 0x9d, 0x84, 0x90, 0xd8, 0xab, 0x00, 0x8c, 0xbc, 0xd3, 0x0a, 0xf7, 0xe4, 0x58, 0x05, 0xb8, 0xb3, 0x45, 0x06, 0xd0, 0x2c, 0x1e, 0x8f, 0xca, 0x3f, 0x0f, 0x02, 0xc1, 0xaf, 0xbd, 0x03, 0x01, 0x13, 0x8a, 0x6b, 0x3a, 0x91, 0x11, 0x41, 0x4f, 0x67, 0xdc, 0xea, 0x97, 0xf2, 0xcf, 0xce, 0xf0, 0xb4, 0xe6, 0x73, 0x96, 0xac, 0x74, 0x22, 0xe7, 0xad, 0x35, 0x85, 0xe2, 0xf9, 0x37, 0xe8, 0x1c, 0x75, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x47, 0xf1, 0x1a, 0x71, 0x1d, 0x29, 0xc5, 0x89, 0x6f, 0xb7, 0x62, 0x0e, 0xaa, 0x18, 0xbe, 0x1b, 0xfc, 0x56, 0x3e, 0x4b, 0xc6, 0xd2, 0x79, 0x20, 0x9a, 0xdb, 0xc0, 0xfe, 0x78, 0xcd, 0x5a, 0xf4, 0x1f, 0xdd, 0xa8, 0x33, 0x88, 0x07, 0xc7, 0x31, 0xb1, 0x12, 0x10, 0x59, 0x27, 0x80, 0xec, 0x5f, 0x60, 0x51, 0x7f, 0xa9, 0x19, 0xb5, 0x4a, 0x0d, 0x2d, 0xe5, 0x7a, 0x9f, 0x93, 0xc9, 0x9c, 0xef, 0xa0, 0xe0, 0x3b, 0x4d, 0xae, 0x2a, 0xf5, 0xb0, 0xc8, 0xeb, 0xbb, 0x3c, 0x83, 0x53, 0x99, 0x61, 0x17, 0x2b, 0x04, 0x7e, 0xba, 0x77, 0xd6, 0x26, 0xe1, 0x69, 0x14, 0x63, 0x55, 0x21, 0x0c, 0x7d ] 
+
+    # Transformations for encryption
+    _T1 = [ 0xc66363a5, 0xf87c7c84, 0xee777799, 0xf67b7b8d, 0xfff2f20d, 0xd66b6bbd, 0xde6f6fb1, 0x91c5c554, 0x60303050, 0x02010103, 0xce6767a9, 0x562b2b7d, 0xe7fefe19, 0xb5d7d762, 0x4dababe6, 0xec76769a, 0x8fcaca45, 0x1f82829d, 0x89c9c940, 0xfa7d7d87, 0xeffafa15, 0xb25959eb, 0x8e4747c9, 0xfbf0f00b, 0x41adadec, 0xb3d4d467, 0x5fa2a2fd, 0x45afafea, 0x239c9cbf, 0x53a4a4f7, 0xe4727296, 0x9bc0c05b, 0x75b7b7c2, 0xe1fdfd1c, 0x3d9393ae, 0x4c26266a, 0x6c36365a, 0x7e3f3f41, 0xf5f7f702, 0x83cccc4f, 0x6834345c, 0x51a5a5f4, 0xd1e5e534, 0xf9f1f108, 0xe2717193, 0xabd8d873, 0x62313153, 0x2a15153f, 0x0804040c, 0x95c7c752, 0x46232365, 0x9dc3c35e, 0x30181828, 0x379696a1, 0x0a05050f, 0x2f9a9ab5, 0x0e070709, 0x24121236, 0x1b80809b, 0xdfe2e23d, 0xcdebeb26, 0x4e272769, 0x7fb2b2cd, 0xea75759f, 0x1209091b, 0x1d83839e, 0x582c2c74, 0x341a1a2e, 0x361b1b2d, 0xdc6e6eb2, 0xb45a5aee, 0x5ba0a0fb, 0xa45252f6, 0x763b3b4d, 0xb7d6d661, 0x7db3b3ce, 0x5229297b, 0xdde3e33e, 0x5e2f2f71, 0x13848497, 0xa65353f5, 0xb9d1d168, 0x00000000, 0xc1eded2c, 0x40202060, 0xe3fcfc1f, 0x79b1b1c8, 0xb65b5bed, 0xd46a6abe, 0x8dcbcb46, 0x67bebed9, 0x7239394b, 0x944a4ade, 0x984c4cd4, 0xb05858e8, 0x85cfcf4a, 0xbbd0d06b, 0xc5efef2a, 0x4faaaae5, 0xedfbfb16, 0x864343c5, 0x9a4d4dd7, 0x66333355, 0x11858594, 0x8a4545cf, 0xe9f9f910, 0x04020206, 0xfe7f7f81, 0xa05050f0, 0x783c3c44, 0x259f9fba, 0x4ba8a8e3, 0xa25151f3, 0x5da3a3fe, 0x804040c0, 0x058f8f8a, 0x3f9292ad, 0x219d9dbc, 0x70383848, 0xf1f5f504, 0x63bcbcdf, 0x77b6b6c1, 0xafdada75, 0x42212163, 0x20101030, 0xe5ffff1a, 0xfdf3f30e, 0xbfd2d26d, 0x81cdcd4c, 0x180c0c14, 0x26131335, 0xc3ecec2f, 0xbe5f5fe1, 0x359797a2, 0x884444cc, 0x2e171739, 0x93c4c457, 0x55a7a7f2, 0xfc7e7e82, 0x7a3d3d47, 0xc86464ac, 0xba5d5de7, 0x3219192b, 0xe6737395, 0xc06060a0, 0x19818198, 0x9e4f4fd1, 0xa3dcdc7f, 0x44222266, 0x542a2a7e, 0x3b9090ab, 0x0b888883, 0x8c4646ca, 0xc7eeee29, 0x6bb8b8d3, 0x2814143c, 0xa7dede79, 0xbc5e5ee2, 0x160b0b1d, 0xaddbdb76, 0xdbe0e03b, 0x64323256, 0x743a3a4e, 0x140a0a1e, 0x924949db, 0x0c06060a, 0x4824246c, 0xb85c5ce4, 0x9fc2c25d, 0xbdd3d36e, 0x43acacef, 0xc46262a6, 0x399191a8, 0x319595a4, 0xd3e4e437, 0xf279798b, 0xd5e7e732, 0x8bc8c843, 0x6e373759, 0xda6d6db7, 0x018d8d8c, 0xb1d5d564, 0x9c4e4ed2, 0x49a9a9e0, 0xd86c6cb4, 0xac5656fa, 0xf3f4f407, 0xcfeaea25, 0xca6565af, 0xf47a7a8e, 0x47aeaee9, 0x10080818, 0x6fbabad5, 0xf0787888, 0x4a25256f, 0x5c2e2e72, 0x381c1c24, 0x57a6a6f1, 0x73b4b4c7, 0x97c6c651, 0xcbe8e823, 0xa1dddd7c, 0xe874749c, 0x3e1f1f21, 0x964b4bdd, 0x61bdbddc, 0x0d8b8b86, 0x0f8a8a85, 0xe0707090, 0x7c3e3e42, 0x71b5b5c4, 0xcc6666aa, 0x904848d8, 0x06030305, 0xf7f6f601, 0x1c0e0e12, 0xc26161a3, 0x6a35355f, 0xae5757f9, 0x69b9b9d0, 0x17868691, 0x99c1c158, 0x3a1d1d27, 0x279e9eb9, 0xd9e1e138, 0xebf8f813, 0x2b9898b3, 0x22111133, 0xd26969bb, 0xa9d9d970, 0x078e8e89, 0x339494a7, 0x2d9b9bb6, 0x3c1e1e22, 0x15878792, 0xc9e9e920, 0x87cece49, 0xaa5555ff, 0x50282878, 0xa5dfdf7a, 0x038c8c8f, 0x59a1a1f8, 0x09898980, 0x1a0d0d17, 0x65bfbfda, 0xd7e6e631, 0x844242c6, 0xd06868b8, 0x824141c3, 0x299999b0, 0x5a2d2d77, 0x1e0f0f11, 0x7bb0b0cb, 0xa85454fc, 0x6dbbbbd6, 0x2c16163a ]
+    _T2 = [ 0xa5c66363, 0x84f87c7c, 0x99ee7777, 0x8df67b7b, 0x0dfff2f2, 0xbdd66b6b, 0xb1de6f6f, 0x5491c5c5, 0x50603030, 0x03020101, 0xa9ce6767, 0x7d562b2b, 0x19e7fefe, 0x62b5d7d7, 0xe64dabab, 0x9aec7676, 0x458fcaca, 0x9d1f8282, 0x4089c9c9, 0x87fa7d7d, 0x15effafa, 0xebb25959, 0xc98e4747, 0x0bfbf0f0, 0xec41adad, 0x67b3d4d4, 0xfd5fa2a2, 0xea45afaf, 0xbf239c9c, 0xf753a4a4, 0x96e47272, 0x5b9bc0c0, 0xc275b7b7, 0x1ce1fdfd, 0xae3d9393, 0x6a4c2626, 0x5a6c3636, 0x417e3f3f, 0x02f5f7f7, 0x4f83cccc, 0x5c683434, 0xf451a5a5, 0x34d1e5e5, 0x08f9f1f1, 0x93e27171, 0x73abd8d8, 0x53623131, 0x3f2a1515, 0x0c080404, 0x5295c7c7, 0x65462323, 0x5e9dc3c3, 0x28301818, 0xa1379696, 0x0f0a0505, 0xb52f9a9a, 0x090e0707, 0x36241212, 0x9b1b8080, 0x3ddfe2e2, 0x26cdebeb, 0x694e2727, 0xcd7fb2b2, 0x9fea7575, 0x1b120909, 0x9e1d8383, 0x74582c2c, 0x2e341a1a, 0x2d361b1b, 0xb2dc6e6e, 0xeeb45a5a, 0xfb5ba0a0, 0xf6a45252, 0x4d763b3b, 0x61b7d6d6, 0xce7db3b3, 0x7b522929, 0x3edde3e3, 0x715e2f2f, 0x97138484, 0xf5a65353, 0x68b9d1d1, 0x00000000, 0x2cc1eded, 0x60402020, 0x1fe3fcfc, 0xc879b1b1, 0xedb65b5b, 0xbed46a6a, 0x468dcbcb, 0xd967bebe, 0x4b723939, 0xde944a4a, 0xd4984c4c, 0xe8b05858, 0x4a85cfcf, 0x6bbbd0d0, 0x2ac5efef, 0xe54faaaa, 0x16edfbfb, 0xc5864343, 0xd79a4d4d, 0x55663333, 0x94118585, 0xcf8a4545, 0x10e9f9f9, 0x06040202, 0x81fe7f7f, 0xf0a05050, 0x44783c3c, 0xba259f9f, 0xe34ba8a8, 0xf3a25151, 0xfe5da3a3, 0xc0804040, 0x8a058f8f, 0xad3f9292, 0xbc219d9d, 0x48703838, 0x04f1f5f5, 0xdf63bcbc, 0xc177b6b6, 0x75afdada, 0x63422121, 0x30201010, 0x1ae5ffff, 0x0efdf3f3, 0x6dbfd2d2, 0x4c81cdcd, 0x14180c0c, 0x35261313, 0x2fc3ecec, 0xe1be5f5f, 0xa2359797, 0xcc884444, 0x392e1717, 0x5793c4c4, 0xf255a7a7, 0x82fc7e7e, 0x477a3d3d, 0xacc86464, 0xe7ba5d5d, 0x2b321919, 0x95e67373, 0xa0c06060, 0x98198181, 0xd19e4f4f, 0x7fa3dcdc, 0x66442222, 0x7e542a2a, 0xab3b9090, 0x830b8888, 0xca8c4646, 0x29c7eeee, 0xd36bb8b8, 0x3c281414, 0x79a7dede, 0xe2bc5e5e, 0x1d160b0b, 0x76addbdb, 0x3bdbe0e0, 0x56643232, 0x4e743a3a, 0x1e140a0a, 0xdb924949, 0x0a0c0606, 0x6c482424, 0xe4b85c5c, 0x5d9fc2c2, 0x6ebdd3d3, 0xef43acac, 0xa6c46262, 0xa8399191, 0xa4319595, 0x37d3e4e4, 0x8bf27979, 0x32d5e7e7, 0x438bc8c8, 0x596e3737, 0xb7da6d6d, 0x8c018d8d, 0x64b1d5d5, 0xd29c4e4e, 0xe049a9a9, 0xb4d86c6c, 0xfaac5656, 0x07f3f4f4, 0x25cfeaea, 0xafca6565, 0x8ef47a7a, 0xe947aeae, 0x18100808, 0xd56fbaba, 0x88f07878, 0x6f4a2525, 0x725c2e2e, 0x24381c1c, 0xf157a6a6, 0xc773b4b4, 0x5197c6c6, 0x23cbe8e8, 0x7ca1dddd, 0x9ce87474, 0x213e1f1f, 0xdd964b4b, 0xdc61bdbd, 0x860d8b8b, 0x850f8a8a, 0x90e07070, 0x427c3e3e, 0xc471b5b5, 0xaacc6666, 0xd8904848, 0x05060303, 0x01f7f6f6, 0x121c0e0e, 0xa3c26161, 0x5f6a3535, 0xf9ae5757, 0xd069b9b9, 0x91178686, 0x5899c1c1, 0x273a1d1d, 0xb9279e9e, 0x38d9e1e1, 0x13ebf8f8, 0xb32b9898, 0x33221111, 0xbbd26969, 0x70a9d9d9, 0x89078e8e, 0xa7339494, 0xb62d9b9b, 0x223c1e1e, 0x92158787, 0x20c9e9e9, 0x4987cece, 0xffaa5555, 0x78502828, 0x7aa5dfdf, 0x8f038c8c, 0xf859a1a1, 0x80098989, 0x171a0d0d, 0xda65bfbf, 0x31d7e6e6, 0xc6844242, 0xb8d06868, 0xc3824141, 0xb0299999, 0x775a2d2d, 0x111e0f0f, 0xcb7bb0b0, 0xfca85454, 0xd66dbbbb, 0x3a2c1616 ]
+    _T3 = [ 0x63a5c663, 0x7c84f87c, 0x7799ee77, 0x7b8df67b, 0xf20dfff2, 0x6bbdd66b, 0x6fb1de6f, 0xc55491c5, 0x30506030, 0x01030201, 0x67a9ce67, 0x2b7d562b, 0xfe19e7fe, 0xd762b5d7, 0xabe64dab, 0x769aec76, 0xca458fca, 0x829d1f82, 0xc94089c9, 0x7d87fa7d, 0xfa15effa, 0x59ebb259, 0x47c98e47, 0xf00bfbf0, 0xadec41ad, 0xd467b3d4, 0xa2fd5fa2, 0xafea45af, 0x9cbf239c, 0xa4f753a4, 0x7296e472, 0xc05b9bc0, 0xb7c275b7, 0xfd1ce1fd, 0x93ae3d93, 0x266a4c26, 0x365a6c36, 0x3f417e3f, 0xf702f5f7, 0xcc4f83cc, 0x345c6834, 0xa5f451a5, 0xe534d1e5, 0xf108f9f1, 0x7193e271, 0xd873abd8, 0x31536231, 0x153f2a15, 0x040c0804, 0xc75295c7, 0x23654623, 0xc35e9dc3, 0x18283018, 0x96a13796, 0x050f0a05, 0x9ab52f9a, 0x07090e07, 0x12362412, 0x809b1b80, 0xe23ddfe2, 0xeb26cdeb, 0x27694e27, 0xb2cd7fb2, 0x759fea75, 0x091b1209, 0x839e1d83, 0x2c74582c, 0x1a2e341a, 0x1b2d361b, 0x6eb2dc6e, 0x5aeeb45a, 0xa0fb5ba0, 0x52f6a452, 0x3b4d763b, 0xd661b7d6, 0xb3ce7db3, 0x297b5229, 0xe33edde3, 0x2f715e2f, 0x84971384, 0x53f5a653, 0xd168b9d1, 0x00000000, 0xed2cc1ed, 0x20604020, 0xfc1fe3fc, 0xb1c879b1, 0x5bedb65b, 0x6abed46a, 0xcb468dcb, 0xbed967be, 0x394b7239, 0x4ade944a, 0x4cd4984c, 0x58e8b058, 0xcf4a85cf, 0xd06bbbd0, 0xef2ac5ef, 0xaae54faa, 0xfb16edfb, 0x43c58643, 0x4dd79a4d, 0x33556633, 0x85941185, 0x45cf8a45, 0xf910e9f9, 0x02060402, 0x7f81fe7f, 0x50f0a050, 0x3c44783c, 0x9fba259f, 0xa8e34ba8, 0x51f3a251, 0xa3fe5da3, 0x40c08040, 0x8f8a058f, 0x92ad3f92, 0x9dbc219d, 0x38487038, 0xf504f1f5, 0xbcdf63bc, 0xb6c177b6, 0xda75afda, 0x21634221, 0x10302010, 0xff1ae5ff, 0xf30efdf3, 0xd26dbfd2, 0xcd4c81cd, 0x0c14180c, 0x13352613, 0xec2fc3ec, 0x5fe1be5f, 0x97a23597, 0x44cc8844, 0x17392e17, 0xc45793c4, 0xa7f255a7, 0x7e82fc7e, 0x3d477a3d, 0x64acc864, 0x5de7ba5d, 0x192b3219, 0x7395e673, 0x60a0c060, 0x81981981, 0x4fd19e4f, 0xdc7fa3dc, 0x22664422, 0x2a7e542a, 0x90ab3b90, 0x88830b88, 0x46ca8c46, 0xee29c7ee, 0xb8d36bb8, 0x143c2814, 0xde79a7de, 0x5ee2bc5e, 0x0b1d160b, 0xdb76addb, 0xe03bdbe0, 0x32566432, 0x3a4e743a, 0x0a1e140a, 0x49db9249, 0x060a0c06, 0x246c4824, 0x5ce4b85c, 0xc25d9fc2, 0xd36ebdd3, 0xacef43ac, 0x62a6c462, 0x91a83991, 0x95a43195, 0xe437d3e4, 0x798bf279, 0xe732d5e7, 0xc8438bc8, 0x37596e37, 0x6db7da6d, 0x8d8c018d, 0xd564b1d5, 0x4ed29c4e, 0xa9e049a9, 0x6cb4d86c, 0x56faac56, 0xf407f3f4, 0xea25cfea, 0x65afca65, 0x7a8ef47a, 0xaee947ae, 0x08181008, 0xbad56fba, 0x7888f078, 0x256f4a25, 0x2e725c2e, 0x1c24381c, 0xa6f157a6, 0xb4c773b4, 0xc65197c6, 0xe823cbe8, 0xdd7ca1dd, 0x749ce874, 0x1f213e1f, 0x4bdd964b, 0xbddc61bd, 0x8b860d8b, 0x8a850f8a, 0x7090e070, 0x3e427c3e, 0xb5c471b5, 0x66aacc66, 0x48d89048, 0x03050603, 0xf601f7f6, 0x0e121c0e, 0x61a3c261, 0x355f6a35, 0x57f9ae57, 0xb9d069b9, 0x86911786, 0xc15899c1, 0x1d273a1d, 0x9eb9279e, 0xe138d9e1, 0xf813ebf8, 0x98b32b98, 0x11332211, 0x69bbd269, 0xd970a9d9, 0x8e89078e, 0x94a73394, 0x9bb62d9b, 0x1e223c1e, 0x87921587, 0xe920c9e9, 0xce4987ce, 0x55ffaa55, 0x28785028, 0xdf7aa5df, 0x8c8f038c, 0xa1f859a1, 0x89800989, 0x0d171a0d, 0xbfda65bf, 0xe631d7e6, 0x42c68442, 0x68b8d068, 0x41c38241, 0x99b02999, 0x2d775a2d, 0x0f111e0f, 0xb0cb7bb0, 0x54fca854, 0xbbd66dbb, 0x163a2c16 ]
+    _T4 = [ 0x6363a5c6, 0x7c7c84f8, 0x777799ee, 0x7b7b8df6, 0xf2f20dff, 0x6b6bbdd6, 0x6f6fb1de, 0xc5c55491, 0x30305060, 0x01010302, 0x6767a9ce, 0x2b2b7d56, 0xfefe19e7, 0xd7d762b5, 0xababe64d, 0x76769aec, 0xcaca458f, 0x82829d1f, 0xc9c94089, 0x7d7d87fa, 0xfafa15ef, 0x5959ebb2, 0x4747c98e, 0xf0f00bfb, 0xadadec41, 0xd4d467b3, 0xa2a2fd5f, 0xafafea45, 0x9c9cbf23, 0xa4a4f753, 0x727296e4, 0xc0c05b9b, 0xb7b7c275, 0xfdfd1ce1, 0x9393ae3d, 0x26266a4c, 0x36365a6c, 0x3f3f417e, 0xf7f702f5, 0xcccc4f83, 0x34345c68, 0xa5a5f451, 0xe5e534d1, 0xf1f108f9, 0x717193e2, 0xd8d873ab, 0x31315362, 0x15153f2a, 0x04040c08, 0xc7c75295, 0x23236546, 0xc3c35e9d, 0x18182830, 0x9696a137, 0x05050f0a, 0x9a9ab52f, 0x0707090e, 0x12123624, 0x80809b1b, 0xe2e23ddf, 0xebeb26cd, 0x2727694e, 0xb2b2cd7f, 0x75759fea, 0x09091b12, 0x83839e1d, 0x2c2c7458, 0x1a1a2e34, 0x1b1b2d36, 0x6e6eb2dc, 0x5a5aeeb4, 0xa0a0fb5b, 0x5252f6a4, 0x3b3b4d76, 0xd6d661b7, 0xb3b3ce7d, 0x29297b52, 0xe3e33edd, 0x2f2f715e, 0x84849713, 0x5353f5a6, 0xd1d168b9, 0x00000000, 0xeded2cc1, 0x20206040, 0xfcfc1fe3, 0xb1b1c879, 0x5b5bedb6, 0x6a6abed4, 0xcbcb468d, 0xbebed967, 0x39394b72, 0x4a4ade94, 0x4c4cd498, 0x5858e8b0, 0xcfcf4a85, 0xd0d06bbb, 0xefef2ac5, 0xaaaae54f, 0xfbfb16ed, 0x4343c586, 0x4d4dd79a, 0x33335566, 0x85859411, 0x4545cf8a, 0xf9f910e9, 0x02020604, 0x7f7f81fe, 0x5050f0a0, 0x3c3c4478, 0x9f9fba25, 0xa8a8e34b, 0x5151f3a2, 0xa3a3fe5d, 0x4040c080, 0x8f8f8a05, 0x9292ad3f, 0x9d9dbc21, 0x38384870, 0xf5f504f1, 0xbcbcdf63, 0xb6b6c177, 0xdada75af, 0x21216342, 0x10103020, 0xffff1ae5, 0xf3f30efd, 0xd2d26dbf, 0xcdcd4c81, 0x0c0c1418, 0x13133526, 0xecec2fc3, 0x5f5fe1be, 0x9797a235, 0x4444cc88, 0x1717392e, 0xc4c45793, 0xa7a7f255, 0x7e7e82fc, 0x3d3d477a, 0x6464acc8, 0x5d5de7ba, 0x19192b32, 0x737395e6, 0x6060a0c0, 0x81819819, 0x4f4fd19e, 0xdcdc7fa3, 0x22226644, 0x2a2a7e54, 0x9090ab3b, 0x8888830b, 0x4646ca8c, 0xeeee29c7, 0xb8b8d36b, 0x14143c28, 0xdede79a7, 0x5e5ee2bc, 0x0b0b1d16, 0xdbdb76ad, 0xe0e03bdb, 0x32325664, 0x3a3a4e74, 0x0a0a1e14, 0x4949db92, 0x06060a0c, 0x24246c48, 0x5c5ce4b8, 0xc2c25d9f, 0xd3d36ebd, 0xacacef43, 0x6262a6c4, 0x9191a839, 0x9595a431, 0xe4e437d3, 0x79798bf2, 0xe7e732d5, 0xc8c8438b, 0x3737596e, 0x6d6db7da, 0x8d8d8c01, 0xd5d564b1, 0x4e4ed29c, 0xa9a9e049, 0x6c6cb4d8, 0x5656faac, 0xf4f407f3, 0xeaea25cf, 0x6565afca, 0x7a7a8ef4, 0xaeaee947, 0x08081810, 0xbabad56f, 0x787888f0, 0x25256f4a, 0x2e2e725c, 0x1c1c2438, 0xa6a6f157, 0xb4b4c773, 0xc6c65197, 0xe8e823cb, 0xdddd7ca1, 0x74749ce8, 0x1f1f213e, 0x4b4bdd96, 0xbdbddc61, 0x8b8b860d, 0x8a8a850f, 0x707090e0, 0x3e3e427c, 0xb5b5c471, 0x6666aacc, 0x4848d890, 0x03030506, 0xf6f601f7, 0x0e0e121c, 0x6161a3c2, 0x35355f6a, 0x5757f9ae, 0xb9b9d069, 0x86869117, 0xc1c15899, 0x1d1d273a, 0x9e9eb927, 0xe1e138d9, 0xf8f813eb, 0x9898b32b, 0x11113322, 0x6969bbd2, 0xd9d970a9, 0x8e8e8907, 0x9494a733, 0x9b9bb62d, 0x1e1e223c, 0x87879215, 0xe9e920c9, 0xcece4987, 0x5555ffaa, 0x28287850, 0xdfdf7aa5, 0x8c8c8f03, 0xa1a1f859, 0x89898009, 0x0d0d171a, 0xbfbfda65, 0xe6e631d7, 0x4242c684, 0x6868b8d0, 0x4141c382, 0x9999b029, 0x2d2d775a, 0x0f0f111e, 0xb0b0cb7b, 0x5454fca8, 0xbbbbd66d, 0x16163a2c ]
+
+    # Transformations for decryption
+    _T5 = [ 0x51f4a750, 0x7e416553, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x3a275e96, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x1f9d45f1, 0xacfa58ab, 0x4be30393, 0x2030fa55, 0xad766df6, 0x88cc7691, 0xf5024c25, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0xc52acbd7, 0x26354480, 0xb562a38f, 0xdeb15a49, 0x25ba1b67, 0x45ea0e98, 0x5dfec0e1, 0xc32f7502, 0x814cf012, 0x8d4697a3, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x15929c95, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0xd4be832d, 0x587421d3, 0x49e06929, 0x8ec9c844, 0x75c2896a, 0xf48e7978, 0x99583e6b, 0x27b971dd, 0xbee14fb6, 0xf088ad17, 0xc920ac66, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x63df4a18, 0xe51a3182, 0x97513360, 0x62537f45, 0xb16477e0, 0xbb6bae84, 0xfe81a01c, 0xf9082b94, 0x70486858, 0x8f45fd19, 0x94de6c87, 0x527bf8b7, 0xab73d323, 0x724b02e2, 0xe31f8f57, 0x6655ab2a, 0xb2eb2807, 0x2fb5c203, 0x86c57b9a, 0xd33708a5, 0x302887f2, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x02036aba, 0xed16825c, 0x8acf1c2b, 0xa779b492, 0xf307f2f0, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x65daf4cd, 0x0605bed5, 0xd134621f, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0x342e539d, 0xa2f355a0, 0x058ae132, 0xa4f6eb75, 0x0b83ec39, 0x4060efaa, 0x5e719f06, 0xbd6e1051, 0x3e218af9, 0x96dd063d, 0xdd3e05ae, 0x4de6bd46, 0x91548db5, 0x71c45d05, 0x0406d46f, 0x605015ff, 0x1998fb24, 0xd6bde997, 0x894043cc, 0x67d99e77, 0xb0e842bd, 0x07898b88, 0xe7195b38, 0x79c8eedb, 0xa17c0a47, 0x7c420fe9, 0xf8841ec9, 0x00000000, 0x09808683, 0x322bed48, 0x1e1170ac, 0x6c5a724e, 0xfd0efffb, 0x0f853856, 0x3daed51e, 0x362d3927, 0x0a0fd964, 0x685ca621, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x24362e3a, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x9357e70f, 0xb4ee96d2, 0x1b9b919e, 0x80c0c54f, 0x61dc20a2, 0x5a774b69, 0x1c121a16, 0xe293ba0a, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x3c22e043, 0x121b171d, 0x0e090d0b, 0xf28bc7ad, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x141ea9c8, 0x57f11985, 0xaf75074c, 0xee99ddbb, 0xa37f60fd, 0xf701269f, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x44663bc5, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x8b432976, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xb6edfc68, 0xb8e4f163, 0xd731dcca, 0x42638510, 0x13972240, 0x84c61120, 0x854a247d, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xaef93211, 0xc729a16d, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0xdcb230f3, 0x0d8652ec, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x2bb3166c, 0xa970b999, 0x119448fa, 0x47e96422, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa0f03f1a, 0x567d2cd8, 0x223390ef, 0x87494ec7, 0xd938d1c1, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x98d40b36, 0xa6f581cf, 0xa57ade28, 0xdab78e26, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x5078920d, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x547e4662, 0xf68d13c2, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x2e39f75e, 0x82c3aff5, 0x9f5d80be, 0x69d0937c, 0x6fd52da9, 0xcf2512b3, 0xc8ac993b, 0x10187da7, 0xe89c636e, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xcd267809, 0x6e5918f4, 0xec9ab701, 0x834f9aa8, 0xe6956e65, 0xaaffe67e, 0x21bccf08, 0xef15e8e6, 0xbae79bd9, 0x4a6f36ce, 0xea9f09d4, 0x29b07cd6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x2a3f2331, 0xc6a59430, 0x35a266c0, 0x744ebc37, 0xfc82caa6, 0xe090d0b0, 0x33a7d815, 0xf104984a, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x7fcd500e, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x43efb04d, 0xccaa4d54, 0xe49604df, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x4c6a881b, 0xc12c1fb8, 0x4665517f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x018c355d, 0xfa877473, 0xfb0b412e, 0xb3671d5a, 0x92dbd252, 0xe9105633, 0x6dd64713, 0x9ad7618c, 0x37a10c7a, 0x59f8148e, 0xeb133c89, 0xcea927ee, 0xb761c935, 0xe11ce5ed, 0x7a47b13c, 0x9cd2df59, 0x55f2733f, 0x1814ce79, 0x73c737bf, 0x53f7cdea, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0xdf3d6f14, 0x7844db86, 0xcaaff381, 0xb968c43e, 0x3824342c, 0xc2a3405f, 0x161dc372, 0xbce2250c, 0x283c498b, 0xff0d9541, 0x39a80171, 0x080cb3de, 0xd8b4e49c, 0x6456c190, 0x7bcb8461, 0xd532b670, 0x486c5c74, 0xd0b85742 ]
+    _T6 = [ 0x5051f4a7, 0x537e4165, 0xc31a17a4, 0x963a275e, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xf11f9d45, 0xabacfa58, 0x934be303, 0x552030fa, 0xf6ad766d, 0x9188cc76, 0x25f5024c, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xd7c52acb, 0x80263544, 0x8fb562a3, 0x49deb15a, 0x6725ba1b, 0x9845ea0e, 0xe15dfec0, 0x02c32f75, 0x12814cf0, 0xa38d4697, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xe7038f5f, 0x9515929c, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0x2dd4be83, 0xd3587421, 0x2949e069, 0x448ec9c8, 0x6a75c289, 0x78f48e79, 0x6b99583e, 0xdd27b971, 0xb6bee14f, 0x17f088ad, 0x66c920ac, 0xb47dce3a, 0x1863df4a, 0x82e51a31, 0x60975133, 0x4562537f, 0xe0b16477, 0x84bb6bae, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x94f9082b, 0x58704868, 0x198f45fd, 0x8794de6c, 0xb7527bf8, 0x23ab73d3, 0xe2724b02, 0x57e31f8f, 0x2a6655ab, 0x07b2eb28, 0x032fb5c2, 0x9a86c57b, 0xa5d33708, 0xf2302887, 0xb223bfa5, 0xba02036a, 0x5ced1682, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x92a779b4, 0xf0f307f2, 0xa14e69e2, 0xcd65daf4, 0xd50605be, 0x1fd13462, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x9d342e53, 0xa0a2f355, 0x32058ae1, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x390b83ec, 0xaa4060ef, 0x065e719f, 0x51bd6e10, 0xf93e218a, 0x3d96dd06, 0xaedd3e05, 0x464de6bd, 0xb591548d, 0x0571c45d, 0x6f0406d4, 0xff605015, 0x241998fb, 0x97d6bde9, 0xcc894043, 0x7767d99e, 0xbdb0e842, 0x8807898b, 0x38e7195b, 0xdb79c8ee, 0x47a17c0a, 0xe97c420f, 0xc9f8841e, 0x00000000, 0x83098086, 0x48322bed, 0xac1e1170, 0x4e6c5a72, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x560f8538, 0x1e3daed5, 0x27362d39, 0x640a0fd9, 0x21685ca6, 0xd19b5b54, 0x3a24362e, 0xb10c0a67, 0x0f9357e7, 0xd2b4ee96, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x4f80c0c5, 0xa261dc20, 0x695a774b, 0x161c121a, 0x0ae293ba, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x433c22e0, 0x1d121b17, 0x0b0e090d, 0xadf28bc7, 0xb92db6a8, 0xc8141ea9, 0x8557f119, 0x4caf7507, 0xbbee99dd, 0xfda37f60, 0x9ff70126, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xc544663b, 0x345bfb7e, 0x768b4329, 0xdccb23c6, 0x68b6edfc, 0x63b8e4f1, 0xcad731dc, 0x10426385, 0x40139722, 0x2084c611, 0x7d854a24, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0x11aef932, 0x6dc729a1, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0xf3dcb230, 0xec0d8652, 0xd077c1e3, 0x6c2bb316, 0x99a970b9, 0xfa119448, 0x2247e964, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0x1aa0f03f, 0xd8567d2c, 0xef223390, 0xc787494e, 0xc1d938d1, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0x3698d40b, 0xcfa6f581, 0x28a57ade, 0x26dab78e, 0xa43fadbf, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x0d507892, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x62547e46, 0xc2f68d13, 0xe890d8b8, 0x5e2e39f7, 0xf582c3af, 0xbe9f5d80, 0x7c69d093, 0xa96fd52d, 0xb3cf2512, 0x3bc8ac99, 0xa710187d, 0x6ee89c63, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x09cd2678, 0xf46e5918, 0x01ec9ab7, 0xa8834f9a, 0x65e6956e, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x0821bccf, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xd9bae79b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xd629b07c, 0xaf31a4b2, 0x312a3f23, 0x30c6a594, 0xc035a266, 0x37744ebc, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xb0e090d0, 0x1533a7d8, 0x4af10498, 0xf741ecda, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x4d43efb0, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xdfe49604, 0xe39ed1b5, 0x1b4c6a88, 0xb8c12c1f, 0x7f466551, 0x049d5eea, 0x5d018c35, 0x73fa8774, 0x2efb0b41, 0x5ab3671d, 0x5292dbd2, 0x33e91056, 0x136dd647, 0x8c9ad761, 0x7a37a10c, 0x8e59f814, 0x89eb133c, 0xeecea927, 0x35b761c9, 0xede11ce5, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x599cd2df, 0x3f55f273, 0x791814ce, 0xbf73c737, 0xea53f7cd, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x14df3d6f, 0x867844db, 0x81caaff3, 0x3eb968c4, 0x2c382434, 0x5fc2a340, 0x72161dc3, 0x0cbce225, 0x8b283c49, 0x41ff0d95, 0x7139a801, 0xde080cb3, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x906456c1, 0x617bcb84, 0x70d532b6, 0x74486c5c, 0x42d0b857 ]
+    _T7 = [ 0xa75051f4, 0x65537e41, 0xa4c31a17, 0x5e963a27, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x45f11f9d, 0x58abacfa, 0x03934be3, 0xfa552030, 0x6df6ad76, 0x769188cc, 0x4c25f502, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xcbd7c52a, 0x44802635, 0xa38fb562, 0x5a49deb1, 0x1b6725ba, 0x0e9845ea, 0xc0e15dfe, 0x7502c32f, 0xf012814c, 0x97a38d46, 0xf9c66bd3, 0x5fe7038f, 0x9c951592, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x832dd4be, 0x21d35874, 0x692949e0, 0xc8448ec9, 0x896a75c2, 0x7978f48e, 0x3e6b9958, 0x71dd27b9, 0x4fb6bee1, 0xad17f088, 0xac66c920, 0x3ab47dce, 0x4a1863df, 0x3182e51a, 0x33609751, 0x7f456253, 0x77e0b164, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa01cfe81, 0x2b94f908, 0x68587048, 0xfd198f45, 0x6c8794de, 0xf8b7527b, 0xd323ab73, 0x02e2724b, 0x8f57e31f, 0xab2a6655, 0x2807b2eb, 0xc2032fb5, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x08a5d337, 0x87f23028, 0xa5b223bf, 0x6aba0203, 0x825ced16, 0x1c2b8acf, 0xb492a779, 0xf2f0f307, 0xe2a14e69, 0xf4cd65da, 0xbed50605, 0x621fd134, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0x539d342e, 0x55a0a2f3, 0xe132058a, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xec390b83, 0xefaa4060, 0x9f065e71, 0x1051bd6e, 0x8af93e21, 0x063d96dd, 0x05aedd3e, 0xbd464de6, 0x8db59154, 0x5d0571c4, 0xd46f0406, 0x15ff6050, 0xfb241998, 0xe997d6bd, 0x43cc8940, 0x9e7767d9, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x8b880789, 0x5b38e719, 0xeedb79c8, 0x0a47a17c, 0x0fe97c42, 0x1ec9f884, 0x00000000, 0x86830980, 0xed48322b, 0x70ac1e11, 0x724e6c5a, 0xfffbfd0e, 0x38560f85, 0xd51e3dae, 0x3927362d, 0xd9640a0f, 0xa621685c, 0x54d19b5b, 0x2e3a2436, 0x67b10c0a, 0xe70f9357, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x919e1b9b, 0xc54f80c0, 0x20a261dc, 0x4b695a77, 0x1a161c12, 0xba0ae293, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xe0433c22, 0x171d121b, 0x0d0b0e09, 0xc7adf28b, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa9c8141e, 0x198557f1, 0x074caf75, 0xddbbee99, 0x60fda37f, 0x269ff701, 0xf5bc5c72, 0x3bc54466, 0x7e345bfb, 0x29768b43, 0xc6dccb23, 0xfc68b6ed, 0xf163b8e4, 0xdccad731, 0x85104263, 0x22401397, 0x112084c6, 0x247d854a, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x3211aef9, 0xa16dc729, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x52ec0d86, 0xe3d077c1, 0x166c2bb3, 0xb999a970, 0x48fa1194, 0x642247e9, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2cd8567d, 0x90ef2233, 0x4ec78749, 0xd1c1d938, 0xa2fe8cca, 0x0b3698d4, 0x81cfa6f5, 0xde28a57a, 0x8e26dab7, 0xbfa43fad, 0x9de42c3a, 0x920d5078, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0x4662547e, 0x13c2f68d, 0xb8e890d8, 0xf75e2e39, 0xaff582c3, 0x80be9f5d, 0x937c69d0, 0x2da96fd5, 0x12b3cf25, 0x993bc8ac, 0x7da71018, 0x636ee89c, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0x7809cd26, 0x18f46e59, 0xb701ec9a, 0x9aa8834f, 0x6e65e695, 0xe67eaaff, 0xcf0821bc, 0xe8e6ef15, 0x9bd9bae7, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x7cd629b0, 0xb2af31a4, 0x23312a3f, 0x9430c6a5, 0x66c035a2, 0xbc37744e, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xd0b0e090, 0xd81533a7, 0x984af104, 0xdaf741ec, 0x500e7fcd, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xb04d43ef, 0x4d54ccaa, 0x04dfe496, 0xb5e39ed1, 0x881b4c6a, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x517f4665, 0xea049d5e, 0x355d018c, 0x7473fa87, 0x412efb0b, 0x1d5ab367, 0xd25292db, 0x5633e910, 0x47136dd6, 0x618c9ad7, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x148e59f8, 0x3c89eb13, 0x27eecea9, 0xc935b761, 0xe5ede11c, 0xb13c7a47, 0xdf599cd2, 0x733f55f2, 0xce791814, 0x37bf73c7, 0xcdea53f7, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x6f14df3d, 0xdb867844, 0xf381caaf, 0xc43eb968, 0x342c3824, 0x405fc2a3, 0xc372161d, 0x250cbce2, 0x498b283c, 0x9541ff0d, 0x017139a8, 0xb3de080c, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xc1906456, 0x84617bcb, 0xb670d532, 0x5c74486c, 0x5742d0b8 ]
+    _T8 = [ 0xf4a75051, 0x4165537e, 0x17a4c31a, 0x275e963a, 0xab6bcb3b, 0x9d45f11f, 0xfa58abac, 0xe303934b, 0x30fa5520, 0x766df6ad, 0xcc769188, 0x024c25f5, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x35448026, 0x62a38fb5, 0xb15a49de, 0xba1b6725, 0xea0e9845, 0xfec0e15d, 0x2f7502c3, 0x4cf01281, 0x4697a38d, 0xd3f9c66b, 0x8f5fe703, 0x929c9515, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0xbe832dd4, 0x7421d358, 0xe0692949, 0xc9c8448e, 0xc2896a75, 0x8e7978f4, 0x583e6b99, 0xb971dd27, 0xe14fb6be, 0x88ad17f0, 0x20ac66c9, 0xce3ab47d, 0xdf4a1863, 0x1a3182e5, 0x51336097, 0x537f4562, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6bae84bb, 0x81a01cfe, 0x082b94f9, 0x48685870, 0x45fd198f, 0xde6c8794, 0x7bf8b752, 0x73d323ab, 0x4b02e272, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x55ab2a66, 0xeb2807b2, 0xb5c2032f, 0xc57b9a86, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2887f230, 0xbfa5b223, 0x036aba02, 0x16825ced, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0x79b492a7, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x69e2a14e, 0xdaf4cd65, 0x05bed506, 0x34621fd1, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0x2e539d34, 0xf355a0a2, 0x8ae13205, 0xf6eb75a4, 0x83ec390b, 0x60efaa40, 0x719f065e, 0x6e1051bd, 0x218af93e, 0xdd063d96, 0x3e05aedd, 0xe6bd464d, 0x548db591, 0xc45d0571, 0x06d46f04, 0x5015ff60, 0x98fb2419, 0xbde997d6, 0x4043cc89, 0xd99e7767, 0xe842bdb0, 0x898b8807, 0x195b38e7, 0xc8eedb79, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x420fe97c, 0x841ec9f8, 0x00000000, 0x80868309, 0x2bed4832, 0x1170ac1e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x0efffbfd, 0x8538560f, 0xaed51e3d, 0x2d392736, 0x0fd9640a, 0x5ca62168, 0x5b54d19b, 0x362e3a24, 0x0a67b10c, 0x57e70f93, 0xee96d2b4, 0x9b919e1b, 0xc0c54f80, 0xdc20a261, 0x774b695a, 0x121a161c, 0x93ba0ae2, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x22e0433c, 0x1b171d12, 0x090d0b0e, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb6a8b92d, 0x1ea9c814, 0xf1198557, 0x75074caf, 0x99ddbbee, 0x7f60fda3, 0x01269ff7, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x663bc544, 0xfb7e345b, 0x4329768b, 0x23c6dccb, 0xedfc68b6, 0xe4f163b8, 0x31dccad7, 0x63851042, 0x97224013, 0xc6112084, 0x4a247d85, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xf93211ae, 0x29a16dc7, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xb230f3dc, 0x8652ec0d, 0xc1e3d077, 0xb3166c2b, 0x70b999a9, 0x9448fa11, 0xe9642247, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf03f1aa0, 0x7d2cd856, 0x3390ef22, 0x494ec787, 0x38d1c1d9, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xd40b3698, 0xf581cfa6, 0x7ade28a5, 0xb78e26da, 0xadbfa43f, 0x3a9de42c, 0x78920d50, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x7e466254, 0x8d13c2f6, 0xd8b8e890, 0x39f75e2e, 0xc3aff582, 0x5d80be9f, 0xd0937c69, 0xd52da96f, 0x2512b3cf, 0xac993bc8, 0x187da710, 0x9c636ee8, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x267809cd, 0x5918f46e, 0x9ab701ec, 0x4f9aa883, 0x956e65e6, 0xffe67eaa, 0xbccf0821, 0x15e8e6ef, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x9f09d4ea, 0xb07cd629, 0xa4b2af31, 0x3f23312a, 0xa59430c6, 0xa266c035, 0x4ebc3774, 0x82caa6fc, 0x90d0b0e0, 0xa7d81533, 0x04984af1, 0xecdaf741, 0xcd500e7f, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0xefb04d43, 0xaa4d54cc, 0x9604dfe4, 0xd1b5e39e, 0x6a881b4c, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x65517f46, 0x5eea049d, 0x8c355d01, 0x877473fa, 0x0b412efb, 0x671d5ab3, 0xdbd25292, 0x105633e9, 0xd647136d, 0xd7618c9a, 0xa10c7a37, 0xf8148e59, 0x133c89eb, 0xa927eece, 0x61c935b7, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x47b13c7a, 0xd2df599c, 0xf2733f55, 0x14ce7918, 0xc737bf73, 0xf7cdea53, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0x3d6f14df, 0x44db8678, 0xaff381ca, 0x68c43eb9, 0x24342c38, 0xa3405fc2, 0x1dc37216, 0xe2250cbc, 0x3c498b28, 0x0d9541ff, 0xa8017139, 0x0cb3de08, 0xb4e49cd8, 0x56c19064, 0xcb84617b, 0x32b670d5, 0x6c5c7448, 0xb85742d0 ]
+
+    # Transformations for decryption key expansion
+    _U1 = [ 0x00000000, 0x0e090d0b, 0x1c121a16, 0x121b171d, 0x3824342c, 0x362d3927, 0x24362e3a, 0x2a3f2331, 0x70486858, 0x7e416553, 0x6c5a724e, 0x62537f45, 0x486c5c74, 0x4665517f, 0x547e4662, 0x5a774b69, 0xe090d0b0, 0xee99ddbb, 0xfc82caa6, 0xf28bc7ad, 0xd8b4e49c, 0xd6bde997, 0xc4a6fe8a, 0xcaaff381, 0x90d8b8e8, 0x9ed1b5e3, 0x8ccaa2fe, 0x82c3aff5, 0xa8fc8cc4, 0xa6f581cf, 0xb4ee96d2, 0xbae79bd9, 0xdb3bbb7b, 0xd532b670, 0xc729a16d, 0xc920ac66, 0xe31f8f57, 0xed16825c, 0xff0d9541, 0xf104984a, 0xab73d323, 0xa57ade28, 0xb761c935, 0xb968c43e, 0x9357e70f, 0x9d5eea04, 0x8f45fd19, 0x814cf012, 0x3bab6bcb, 0x35a266c0, 0x27b971dd, 0x29b07cd6, 0x038f5fe7, 0x0d8652ec, 0x1f9d45f1, 0x119448fa, 0x4be30393, 0x45ea0e98, 0x57f11985, 0x59f8148e, 0x73c737bf, 0x7dce3ab4, 0x6fd52da9, 0x61dc20a2, 0xad766df6, 0xa37f60fd, 0xb16477e0, 0xbf6d7aeb, 0x955259da, 0x9b5b54d1, 0x894043cc, 0x87494ec7, 0xdd3e05ae, 0xd33708a5, 0xc12c1fb8, 0xcf2512b3, 0xe51a3182, 0xeb133c89, 0xf9082b94, 0xf701269f, 0x4de6bd46, 0x43efb04d, 0x51f4a750, 0x5ffdaa5b, 0x75c2896a, 0x7bcb8461, 0x69d0937c, 0x67d99e77, 0x3daed51e, 0x33a7d815, 0x21bccf08, 0x2fb5c203, 0x058ae132, 0x0b83ec39, 0x1998fb24, 0x1791f62f, 0x764dd68d, 0x7844db86, 0x6a5fcc9b, 0x6456c190, 0x4e69e2a1, 0x4060efaa, 0x527bf8b7, 0x5c72f5bc, 0x0605bed5, 0x080cb3de, 0x1a17a4c3, 0x141ea9c8, 0x3e218af9, 0x302887f2, 0x223390ef, 0x2c3a9de4, 0x96dd063d, 0x98d40b36, 0x8acf1c2b, 0x84c61120, 0xaef93211, 0xa0f03f1a, 0xb2eb2807, 0xbce2250c, 0xe6956e65, 0xe89c636e, 0xfa877473, 0xf48e7978, 0xdeb15a49, 0xd0b85742, 0xc2a3405f, 0xccaa4d54, 0x41ecdaf7, 0x4fe5d7fc, 0x5dfec0e1, 0x53f7cdea, 0x79c8eedb, 0x77c1e3d0, 0x65daf4cd, 0x6bd3f9c6, 0x31a4b2af, 0x3fadbfa4, 0x2db6a8b9, 0x23bfa5b2, 0x09808683, 0x07898b88, 0x15929c95, 0x1b9b919e, 0xa17c0a47, 0xaf75074c, 0xbd6e1051, 0xb3671d5a, 0x99583e6b, 0x97513360, 0x854a247d, 0x8b432976, 0xd134621f, 0xdf3d6f14, 0xcd267809, 0xc32f7502, 0xe9105633, 0xe7195b38, 0xf5024c25, 0xfb0b412e, 0x9ad7618c, 0x94de6c87, 0x86c57b9a, 0x88cc7691, 0xa2f355a0, 0xacfa58ab, 0xbee14fb6, 0xb0e842bd, 0xea9f09d4, 0xe49604df, 0xf68d13c2, 0xf8841ec9, 0xd2bb3df8, 0xdcb230f3, 0xcea927ee, 0xc0a02ae5, 0x7a47b13c, 0x744ebc37, 0x6655ab2a, 0x685ca621, 0x42638510, 0x4c6a881b, 0x5e719f06, 0x5078920d, 0x0a0fd964, 0x0406d46f, 0x161dc372, 0x1814ce79, 0x322bed48, 0x3c22e043, 0x2e39f75e, 0x2030fa55, 0xec9ab701, 0xe293ba0a, 0xf088ad17, 0xfe81a01c, 0xd4be832d, 0xdab78e26, 0xc8ac993b, 0xc6a59430, 0x9cd2df59, 0x92dbd252, 0x80c0c54f, 0x8ec9c844, 0xa4f6eb75, 0xaaffe67e, 0xb8e4f163, 0xb6edfc68, 0x0c0a67b1, 0x02036aba, 0x10187da7, 0x1e1170ac, 0x342e539d, 0x3a275e96, 0x283c498b, 0x26354480, 0x7c420fe9, 0x724b02e2, 0x605015ff, 0x6e5918f4, 0x44663bc5, 0x4a6f36ce, 0x587421d3, 0x567d2cd8, 0x37a10c7a, 0x39a80171, 0x2bb3166c, 0x25ba1b67, 0x0f853856, 0x018c355d, 0x13972240, 0x1d9e2f4b, 0x47e96422, 0x49e06929, 0x5bfb7e34, 0x55f2733f, 0x7fcd500e, 0x71c45d05, 0x63df4a18, 0x6dd64713, 0xd731dcca, 0xd938d1c1, 0xcb23c6dc, 0xc52acbd7, 0xef15e8e6, 0xe11ce5ed, 0xf307f2f0, 0xfd0efffb, 0xa779b492, 0xa970b999, 0xbb6bae84, 0xb562a38f, 0x9f5d80be, 0x91548db5, 0x834f9aa8, 0x8d4697a3 ]
+    _U2 = [ 0x00000000, 0x0b0e090d, 0x161c121a, 0x1d121b17, 0x2c382434, 0x27362d39, 0x3a24362e, 0x312a3f23, 0x58704868, 0x537e4165, 0x4e6c5a72, 0x4562537f, 0x74486c5c, 0x7f466551, 0x62547e46, 0x695a774b, 0xb0e090d0, 0xbbee99dd, 0xa6fc82ca, 0xadf28bc7, 0x9cd8b4e4, 0x97d6bde9, 0x8ac4a6fe, 0x81caaff3, 0xe890d8b8, 0xe39ed1b5, 0xfe8ccaa2, 0xf582c3af, 0xc4a8fc8c, 0xcfa6f581, 0xd2b4ee96, 0xd9bae79b, 0x7bdb3bbb, 0x70d532b6, 0x6dc729a1, 0x66c920ac, 0x57e31f8f, 0x5ced1682, 0x41ff0d95, 0x4af10498, 0x23ab73d3, 0x28a57ade, 0x35b761c9, 0x3eb968c4, 0x0f9357e7, 0x049d5eea, 0x198f45fd, 0x12814cf0, 0xcb3bab6b, 0xc035a266, 0xdd27b971, 0xd629b07c, 0xe7038f5f, 0xec0d8652, 0xf11f9d45, 0xfa119448, 0x934be303, 0x9845ea0e, 0x8557f119, 0x8e59f814, 0xbf73c737, 0xb47dce3a, 0xa96fd52d, 0xa261dc20, 0xf6ad766d, 0xfda37f60, 0xe0b16477, 0xebbf6d7a, 0xda955259, 0xd19b5b54, 0xcc894043, 0xc787494e, 0xaedd3e05, 0xa5d33708, 0xb8c12c1f, 0xb3cf2512, 0x82e51a31, 0x89eb133c, 0x94f9082b, 0x9ff70126, 0x464de6bd, 0x4d43efb0, 0x5051f4a7, 0x5b5ffdaa, 0x6a75c289, 0x617bcb84, 0x7c69d093, 0x7767d99e, 0x1e3daed5, 0x1533a7d8, 0x0821bccf, 0x032fb5c2, 0x32058ae1, 0x390b83ec, 0x241998fb, 0x2f1791f6, 0x8d764dd6, 0x867844db, 0x9b6a5fcc, 0x906456c1, 0xa14e69e2, 0xaa4060ef, 0xb7527bf8, 0xbc5c72f5, 0xd50605be, 0xde080cb3, 0xc31a17a4, 0xc8141ea9, 0xf93e218a, 0xf2302887, 0xef223390, 0xe42c3a9d, 0x3d96dd06, 0x3698d40b, 0x2b8acf1c, 0x2084c611, 0x11aef932, 0x1aa0f03f, 0x07b2eb28, 0x0cbce225, 0x65e6956e, 0x6ee89c63, 0x73fa8774, 0x78f48e79, 0x49deb15a, 0x42d0b857, 0x5fc2a340, 0x54ccaa4d, 0xf741ecda, 0xfc4fe5d7, 0xe15dfec0, 0xea53f7cd, 0xdb79c8ee, 0xd077c1e3, 0xcd65daf4, 0xc66bd3f9, 0xaf31a4b2, 0xa43fadbf, 0xb92db6a8, 0xb223bfa5, 0x83098086, 0x8807898b, 0x9515929c, 0x9e1b9b91, 0x47a17c0a, 0x4caf7507, 0x51bd6e10, 0x5ab3671d, 0x6b99583e, 0x60975133, 0x7d854a24, 0x768b4329, 0x1fd13462, 0x14df3d6f, 0x09cd2678, 0x02c32f75, 0x33e91056, 0x38e7195b, 0x25f5024c, 0x2efb0b41, 0x8c9ad761, 0x8794de6c, 0x9a86c57b, 0x9188cc76, 0xa0a2f355, 0xabacfa58, 0xb6bee14f, 0xbdb0e842, 0xd4ea9f09, 0xdfe49604, 0xc2f68d13, 0xc9f8841e, 0xf8d2bb3d, 0xf3dcb230, 0xeecea927, 0xe5c0a02a, 0x3c7a47b1, 0x37744ebc, 0x2a6655ab, 0x21685ca6, 0x10426385, 0x1b4c6a88, 0x065e719f, 0x0d507892, 0x640a0fd9, 0x6f0406d4, 0x72161dc3, 0x791814ce, 0x48322bed, 0x433c22e0, 0x5e2e39f7, 0x552030fa, 0x01ec9ab7, 0x0ae293ba, 0x17f088ad, 0x1cfe81a0, 0x2dd4be83, 0x26dab78e, 0x3bc8ac99, 0x30c6a594, 0x599cd2df, 0x5292dbd2, 0x4f80c0c5, 0x448ec9c8, 0x75a4f6eb, 0x7eaaffe6, 0x63b8e4f1, 0x68b6edfc, 0xb10c0a67, 0xba02036a, 0xa710187d, 0xac1e1170, 0x9d342e53, 0x963a275e, 0x8b283c49, 0x80263544, 0xe97c420f, 0xe2724b02, 0xff605015, 0xf46e5918, 0xc544663b, 0xce4a6f36, 0xd3587421, 0xd8567d2c, 0x7a37a10c, 0x7139a801, 0x6c2bb316, 0x6725ba1b, 0x560f8538, 0x5d018c35, 0x40139722, 0x4b1d9e2f, 0x2247e964, 0x2949e069, 0x345bfb7e, 0x3f55f273, 0x0e7fcd50, 0x0571c45d, 0x1863df4a, 0x136dd647, 0xcad731dc, 0xc1d938d1, 0xdccb23c6, 0xd7c52acb, 0xe6ef15e8, 0xede11ce5, 0xf0f307f2, 0xfbfd0eff, 0x92a779b4, 0x99a970b9, 0x84bb6bae, 0x8fb562a3, 0xbe9f5d80, 0xb591548d, 0xa8834f9a, 0xa38d4697 ]
+    _U3 = [ 0x00000000, 0x0d0b0e09, 0x1a161c12, 0x171d121b, 0x342c3824, 0x3927362d, 0x2e3a2436, 0x23312a3f, 0x68587048, 0x65537e41, 0x724e6c5a, 0x7f456253, 0x5c74486c, 0x517f4665, 0x4662547e, 0x4b695a77, 0xd0b0e090, 0xddbbee99, 0xcaa6fc82, 0xc7adf28b, 0xe49cd8b4, 0xe997d6bd, 0xfe8ac4a6, 0xf381caaf, 0xb8e890d8, 0xb5e39ed1, 0xa2fe8cca, 0xaff582c3, 0x8cc4a8fc, 0x81cfa6f5, 0x96d2b4ee, 0x9bd9bae7, 0xbb7bdb3b, 0xb670d532, 0xa16dc729, 0xac66c920, 0x8f57e31f, 0x825ced16, 0x9541ff0d, 0x984af104, 0xd323ab73, 0xde28a57a, 0xc935b761, 0xc43eb968, 0xe70f9357, 0xea049d5e, 0xfd198f45, 0xf012814c, 0x6bcb3bab, 0x66c035a2, 0x71dd27b9, 0x7cd629b0, 0x5fe7038f, 0x52ec0d86, 0x45f11f9d, 0x48fa1194, 0x03934be3, 0x0e9845ea, 0x198557f1, 0x148e59f8, 0x37bf73c7, 0x3ab47dce, 0x2da96fd5, 0x20a261dc, 0x6df6ad76, 0x60fda37f, 0x77e0b164, 0x7aebbf6d, 0x59da9552, 0x54d19b5b, 0x43cc8940, 0x4ec78749, 0x05aedd3e, 0x08a5d337, 0x1fb8c12c, 0x12b3cf25, 0x3182e51a, 0x3c89eb13, 0x2b94f908, 0x269ff701, 0xbd464de6, 0xb04d43ef, 0xa75051f4, 0xaa5b5ffd, 0x896a75c2, 0x84617bcb, 0x937c69d0, 0x9e7767d9, 0xd51e3dae, 0xd81533a7, 0xcf0821bc, 0xc2032fb5, 0xe132058a, 0xec390b83, 0xfb241998, 0xf62f1791, 0xd68d764d, 0xdb867844, 0xcc9b6a5f, 0xc1906456, 0xe2a14e69, 0xefaa4060, 0xf8b7527b, 0xf5bc5c72, 0xbed50605, 0xb3de080c, 0xa4c31a17, 0xa9c8141e, 0x8af93e21, 0x87f23028, 0x90ef2233, 0x9de42c3a, 0x063d96dd, 0x0b3698d4, 0x1c2b8acf, 0x112084c6, 0x3211aef9, 0x3f1aa0f0, 0x2807b2eb, 0x250cbce2, 0x6e65e695, 0x636ee89c, 0x7473fa87, 0x7978f48e, 0x5a49deb1, 0x5742d0b8, 0x405fc2a3, 0x4d54ccaa, 0xdaf741ec, 0xd7fc4fe5, 0xc0e15dfe, 0xcdea53f7, 0xeedb79c8, 0xe3d077c1, 0xf4cd65da, 0xf9c66bd3, 0xb2af31a4, 0xbfa43fad, 0xa8b92db6, 0xa5b223bf, 0x86830980, 0x8b880789, 0x9c951592, 0x919e1b9b, 0x0a47a17c, 0x074caf75, 0x1051bd6e, 0x1d5ab367, 0x3e6b9958, 0x33609751, 0x247d854a, 0x29768b43, 0x621fd134, 0x6f14df3d, 0x7809cd26, 0x7502c32f, 0x5633e910, 0x5b38e719, 0x4c25f502, 0x412efb0b, 0x618c9ad7, 0x6c8794de, 0x7b9a86c5, 0x769188cc, 0x55a0a2f3, 0x58abacfa, 0x4fb6bee1, 0x42bdb0e8, 0x09d4ea9f, 0x04dfe496, 0x13c2f68d, 0x1ec9f884, 0x3df8d2bb, 0x30f3dcb2, 0x27eecea9, 0x2ae5c0a0, 0xb13c7a47, 0xbc37744e, 0xab2a6655, 0xa621685c, 0x85104263, 0x881b4c6a, 0x9f065e71, 0x920d5078, 0xd9640a0f, 0xd46f0406, 0xc372161d, 0xce791814, 0xed48322b, 0xe0433c22, 0xf75e2e39, 0xfa552030, 0xb701ec9a, 0xba0ae293, 0xad17f088, 0xa01cfe81, 0x832dd4be, 0x8e26dab7, 0x993bc8ac, 0x9430c6a5, 0xdf599cd2, 0xd25292db, 0xc54f80c0, 0xc8448ec9, 0xeb75a4f6, 0xe67eaaff, 0xf163b8e4, 0xfc68b6ed, 0x67b10c0a, 0x6aba0203, 0x7da71018, 0x70ac1e11, 0x539d342e, 0x5e963a27, 0x498b283c, 0x44802635, 0x0fe97c42, 0x02e2724b, 0x15ff6050, 0x18f46e59, 0x3bc54466, 0x36ce4a6f, 0x21d35874, 0x2cd8567d, 0x0c7a37a1, 0x017139a8, 0x166c2bb3, 0x1b6725ba, 0x38560f85, 0x355d018c, 0x22401397, 0x2f4b1d9e, 0x642247e9, 0x692949e0, 0x7e345bfb, 0x733f55f2, 0x500e7fcd, 0x5d0571c4, 0x4a1863df, 0x47136dd6, 0xdccad731, 0xd1c1d938, 0xc6dccb23, 0xcbd7c52a, 0xe8e6ef15, 0xe5ede11c, 0xf2f0f307, 0xfffbfd0e, 0xb492a779, 0xb999a970, 0xae84bb6b, 0xa38fb562, 0x80be9f5d, 0x8db59154, 0x9aa8834f, 0x97a38d46 ]
+    _U4 = [ 0x00000000, 0x090d0b0e, 0x121a161c, 0x1b171d12, 0x24342c38, 0x2d392736, 0x362e3a24, 0x3f23312a, 0x48685870, 0x4165537e, 0x5a724e6c, 0x537f4562, 0x6c5c7448, 0x65517f46, 0x7e466254, 0x774b695a, 0x90d0b0e0, 0x99ddbbee, 0x82caa6fc, 0x8bc7adf2, 0xb4e49cd8, 0xbde997d6, 0xa6fe8ac4, 0xaff381ca, 0xd8b8e890, 0xd1b5e39e, 0xcaa2fe8c, 0xc3aff582, 0xfc8cc4a8, 0xf581cfa6, 0xee96d2b4, 0xe79bd9ba, 0x3bbb7bdb, 0x32b670d5, 0x29a16dc7, 0x20ac66c9, 0x1f8f57e3, 0x16825ced, 0x0d9541ff, 0x04984af1, 0x73d323ab, 0x7ade28a5, 0x61c935b7, 0x68c43eb9, 0x57e70f93, 0x5eea049d, 0x45fd198f, 0x4cf01281, 0xab6bcb3b, 0xa266c035, 0xb971dd27, 0xb07cd629, 0x8f5fe703, 0x8652ec0d, 0x9d45f11f, 0x9448fa11, 0xe303934b, 0xea0e9845, 0xf1198557, 0xf8148e59, 0xc737bf73, 0xce3ab47d, 0xd52da96f, 0xdc20a261, 0x766df6ad, 0x7f60fda3, 0x6477e0b1, 0x6d7aebbf, 0x5259da95, 0x5b54d19b, 0x4043cc89, 0x494ec787, 0x3e05aedd, 0x3708a5d3, 0x2c1fb8c1, 0x2512b3cf, 0x1a3182e5, 0x133c89eb, 0x082b94f9, 0x01269ff7, 0xe6bd464d, 0xefb04d43, 0xf4a75051, 0xfdaa5b5f, 0xc2896a75, 0xcb84617b, 0xd0937c69, 0xd99e7767, 0xaed51e3d, 0xa7d81533, 0xbccf0821, 0xb5c2032f, 0x8ae13205, 0x83ec390b, 0x98fb2419, 0x91f62f17, 0x4dd68d76, 0x44db8678, 0x5fcc9b6a, 0x56c19064, 0x69e2a14e, 0x60efaa40, 0x7bf8b752, 0x72f5bc5c, 0x05bed506, 0x0cb3de08, 0x17a4c31a, 0x1ea9c814, 0x218af93e, 0x2887f230, 0x3390ef22, 0x3a9de42c, 0xdd063d96, 0xd40b3698, 0xcf1c2b8a, 0xc6112084, 0xf93211ae, 0xf03f1aa0, 0xeb2807b2, 0xe2250cbc, 0x956e65e6, 0x9c636ee8, 0x877473fa, 0x8e7978f4, 0xb15a49de, 0xb85742d0, 0xa3405fc2, 0xaa4d54cc, 0xecdaf741, 0xe5d7fc4f, 0xfec0e15d, 0xf7cdea53, 0xc8eedb79, 0xc1e3d077, 0xdaf4cd65, 0xd3f9c66b, 0xa4b2af31, 0xadbfa43f, 0xb6a8b92d, 0xbfa5b223, 0x80868309, 0x898b8807, 0x929c9515, 0x9b919e1b, 0x7c0a47a1, 0x75074caf, 0x6e1051bd, 0x671d5ab3, 0x583e6b99, 0x51336097, 0x4a247d85, 0x4329768b, 0x34621fd1, 0x3d6f14df, 0x267809cd, 0x2f7502c3, 0x105633e9, 0x195b38e7, 0x024c25f5, 0x0b412efb, 0xd7618c9a, 0xde6c8794, 0xc57b9a86, 0xcc769188, 0xf355a0a2, 0xfa58abac, 0xe14fb6be, 0xe842bdb0, 0x9f09d4ea, 0x9604dfe4, 0x8d13c2f6, 0x841ec9f8, 0xbb3df8d2, 0xb230f3dc, 0xa927eece, 0xa02ae5c0, 0x47b13c7a, 0x4ebc3774, 0x55ab2a66, 0x5ca62168, 0x63851042, 0x6a881b4c, 0x719f065e, 0x78920d50, 0x0fd9640a, 0x06d46f04, 0x1dc37216, 0x14ce7918, 0x2bed4832, 0x22e0433c, 0x39f75e2e, 0x30fa5520, 0x9ab701ec, 0x93ba0ae2, 0x88ad17f0, 0x81a01cfe, 0xbe832dd4, 0xb78e26da, 0xac993bc8, 0xa59430c6, 0xd2df599c, 0xdbd25292, 0xc0c54f80, 0xc9c8448e, 0xf6eb75a4, 0xffe67eaa, 0xe4f163b8, 0xedfc68b6, 0x0a67b10c, 0x036aba02, 0x187da710, 0x1170ac1e, 0x2e539d34, 0x275e963a, 0x3c498b28, 0x35448026, 0x420fe97c, 0x4b02e272, 0x5015ff60, 0x5918f46e, 0x663bc544, 0x6f36ce4a, 0x7421d358, 0x7d2cd856, 0xa10c7a37, 0xa8017139, 0xb3166c2b, 0xba1b6725, 0x8538560f, 0x8c355d01, 0x97224013, 0x9e2f4b1d, 0xe9642247, 0xe0692949, 0xfb7e345b, 0xf2733f55, 0xcd500e7f, 0xc45d0571, 0xdf4a1863, 0xd647136d, 0x31dccad7, 0x38d1c1d9, 0x23c6dccb, 0x2acbd7c5, 0x15e8e6ef, 0x1ce5ede1, 0x07f2f0f3, 0x0efffbfd, 0x79b492a7, 0x70b999a9, 0x6bae84bb, 0x62a38fb5, 0x5d80be9f, 0x548db591, 0x4f9aa883, 0x4697a38d ]
+    # fmt: on
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes) -> None:
+
+        if len(key) not in (16, 24, 32):
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'Invalid key size {len(key)}')
+
+        rounds = self._NUMBER_OF_ROUNDS[len(key)]
+
+        # Encryption round keys
+        self._ke = [[0] * 4 for i in range(rounds + 1)]
+
+        # Decryption round keys
+        self._kd = [[0] * 4 for i in range(rounds + 1)]
+
+        round_key_count = (rounds + 1) * 4
+        kc = len(key) // 4
+
+        # Convert the key into ints
+        tk = [struct.unpack('>i', key[i : i + 4])[0] for i in range(0, len(key), 4)]
+
+        # Copy values into round key arrays
+        for i in range(0, kc):
+            self._ke[i // 4][i % 4] = tk[i]
+            self._kd[rounds - (i // 4)][i % 4] = tk[i]
+
+        # Key expansion (FIPS-197 section 5.2)
+        r_con_pointer = 0
+        t = kc
+        while t < round_key_count:
+
+            tt = tk[kc - 1]
+            tk[0] ^= (
+                (self._S[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] << 24)
+                ^ (self._S[(tt >> 8) & 0xFF] << 16)
+                ^ (self._S[tt & 0xFF] << 8)
+                ^ self._S[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF]
+                ^ (self._RCON[r_con_pointer] << 24)
+            )
+            r_con_pointer += 1
+
+            if kc != 8:
+                for i in range(1, kc):
+                    tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1]
+
+            # Key expansion for 256-bit keys is "slightly different" (FIPS-197)
+            else:
+                for i in range(1, kc // 2):
+                    tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1]
+                tt = tk[kc // 2 - 1]
+
+                tk[kc // 2] ^= (
+                    self._S[tt & 0xFF]
+                    ^ (self._S[(tt >> 8) & 0xFF] << 8)
+                    ^ (self._S[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF] << 16)
+                    ^ (self._S[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF] << 24)
+                )
+
+                for i in range(kc // 2 + 1, kc):
+                    tk[i] ^= tk[i - 1]
+
+            # Copy values into round key arrays
+            j = 0
+            while j < kc and t < round_key_count:
+                self._ke[t // 4][t % 4] = tk[j]
+                self._kd[rounds - (t // 4)][t % 4] = tk[j]
+                j += 1
+                t += 1
+
+        # Inverse-Cipher-ify the decryption round key (FIPS-197 section 5.3)
+        for r in range(1, rounds):
+            for j in range(0, 4):
+                tt = self._kd[r][j]
+                self._kd[r][j] = (
+                    self._U1[(tt >> 24) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._U2[(tt >> 16) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._U3[(tt >> 8) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._U4[tt & 0xFF]
+                )
+
+    def encrypt(self, plaintext: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Encrypt a block of plain text using the AES block cipher."""
+
+        if len(plaintext) != 16:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'wrong block length {len(plaintext)}')
+
+        rounds = len(self._ke) - 1
+        (s1, s2, s3) = [1, 2, 3]
+        a = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+        # Convert plaintext to (ints ^ key)
+        t = [
+            (_compact_word(plaintext[4 * i : 4 * i + 4]) ^ self._ke[0][i])
+            for i in range(0, 4)
+        ]
+
+        # Apply round transforms
+        for r in range(1, rounds):
+            for i in range(0, 4):
+                a[i] = (
+                    self._T1[(t[i] >> 24) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T2[(t[(i + s1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T3[(t[(i + s2) % 4] >> 8) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T4[t[(i + s3) % 4] & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._ke[r][i]
+                )
+            t = copy.copy(a)
+
+        # The last round is special
+        result = []
+        for i in range(0, 4):
+            tt = self._ke[rounds][i]
+            result.append((self._S[(t[i] >> 24) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 24)) & 0xFF)
+            result.append((self._S[(t[(i + s1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 16)) & 0xFF)
+            result.append((self._S[(t[(i + s2) % 4] >> 8) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 8)) & 0xFF)
+            result.append((self._S[t[(i + s3) % 4] & 0xFF] ^ tt) & 0xFF)
+
+        return bytes(result)
+
+    def decrypt(self, cipher_text: bytes) -> bytes:
+        """Decrypt a block of cipher text using the AES block cipher."""
+
+        if len(cipher_text) != 16:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'wrong block length {len(cipher_text)}')
+
+        rounds = len(self._kd) - 1
+        (s1, s2, s3) = [3, 2, 1]
+        a = [0, 0, 0, 0]
+
+        # Convert ciphertext to (ints ^ key)
+        t = [
+            (_compact_word(cipher_text[4 * i : 4 * i + 4]) ^ self._kd[0][i])
+            for i in range(0, 4)
+        ]
+
+        # Apply round transforms
+        for r in range(1, rounds):
+            for i in range(0, 4):
+                a[i] = (
+                    self._T5[(t[i] >> 24) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T6[(t[(i + s1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T7[(t[(i + s2) % 4] >> 8) & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._T8[t[(i + s3) % 4] & 0xFF]
+                    ^ self._kd[r][i]
+                )
+            t = copy.copy(a)
+
+        # The last round is special
+        result = []
+        for i in range(0, 4):
+            tt = self._kd[rounds][i]
+            result.append((self._S_INV[(t[i] >> 24) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 24)) & 0xFF)
+            result.append(
+                (self._S_INV[(t[(i + s1) % 4] >> 16) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 16)) & 0xFF
+            )
+            result.append(
+                (self._S_INV[(t[(i + s2) % 4] >> 8) & 0xFF] ^ (tt >> 8)) & 0xFF
+            )
+            result.append((self._S_INV[t[(i + s3) % 4] & 0xFF] ^ tt) & 0xFF)
+
+        return bytes(result)
+
+
+class _ECB:
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes):
+        self._aes = _AES(key)
+
+    def encrypt(self, plaintext: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return b"".join(
+            [
+                self._aes.encrypt(
+                    plaintext[offset : offset + 16].ljust(16, b"\x00")  # Pad 0.
+                )
+                for offset in range(0, len(plaintext), 16)
+            ]
+        )
+
+    def decrypt(self, cipher_text: bytes) -> bytes:
+        return b"".join(
+            [
+                self._aes.encrypt(cipher_text[offset : offset + 16])
+                for offset in range(0, len(cipher_text), 16)
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+class _CBC:
+
+    def __init__(self, key: bytes, iv: bytes = bytes(16)) -> None:
+        if len(iv) != 16:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
+                f'initialization vector must be 16 bytes, get {len(iv)}'
+            )
+        else:
+            self._last_cipher_block = iv
+        self._aes = _AES(key)
+
+    def encrypt(self, plaintext: bytes) -> bytes:
+        cipher_text = b""
+        for offset in range(0, len(plaintext), 16):
+            pre_cipher_block = _xor(
+                plaintext[offset : offset + 16], self._last_cipher_block
+            )
+            self._last_cipher_block = self._aes.encrypt(pre_cipher_block)
+            cipher_text += self._last_cipher_block
+        return cipher_text
+
+    def decrypt(self, cipher_text: bytes) -> bytes:
+        plaintext = b""
+        for offset in range(0, len(cipher_text), 16):
+            plaintext += _xor(
+                self._aes.decrypt(cipher_text[offset : offset + 16]),
+                self._last_cipher_block,
+            )
+            self._last_cipher_block = cipher_text[offset : offset + 16]
+
+        return plaintext
+
+
+class _CMAC:
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        key: bytes,
+        msg: bytes = bytes(16),
+        mac_len: int = 16,
+        update_after_digest: bool = False,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.digest_size = mac_len
+        self._key = key
+        self._block_size = bs = 16
+        self._mac_tag: Optional[bytes] = None
+        self._update_after_digest = update_after_digest
+
+        # Section 5.3 of NIST SP 800 38B and Appendix B
+        if bs == 8:
+            const_Rb = 0x1B
+            self._max_size = 8 * (2**21)
+        elif bs == 16:
+            const_Rb = 0x87
+            self._max_size = 16 * (2**48)
+        else:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(
+                f"CMAC requires a cipher with a block size of 8 or 16 bytes, not {bs}"
+            )
+
+        # Compute sub-keys
+        zero_block = bytes(bs)
+        self._ecb = _ECB(key)
+        L = self._ecb.encrypt(zero_block)
+        if L[0] & 0x80:
+            self._k1 = _shift_bytes(L, const_Rb)
+        else:
+            self._k1 = _shift_bytes(L)
+        if self._k1[0] & 0x80:
+            self._k2 = _shift_bytes(self._k1, const_Rb)
+        else:
+            self._k2 = _shift_bytes(self._k1)
+
+        # Initialize CBC cipher with zero IV
+        self._cbc = _CBC(key, zero_block)
+
+        # Cache for outstanding data to authenticate
+        self._cache = bytearray(bs)
+        self._cache_n = 0
+
+        # Last piece of cipher text produced
+        self._last_ct = zero_block
+
+        # Last block that was encrypted with AES
+        self._last_pt: Optional[bytes] = None
+
+        # Counter for total message size
+        self._data_size = 0
+
+        if msg:
+            self.update(msg)
+
+    def update(self, msg: bytes) -> _CMAC:
+        """Authenticate the next chunk of message.
+
+        Args:
+            data (byte string/byte array/memoryview): The next chunk of data
+        """
+
+        if self._mac_tag is not None and not self._update_after_digest:
+            raise core.InvalidStateError(
+                "update() cannot be called after digest() or verify()"
+            )
+
+        self._data_size += len(msg)
+        bs = self._block_size
+
+        if self._cache_n > 0:
+            filler = min(bs - self._cache_n, len(msg))
+            self._cache[self._cache_n : self._cache_n + filler] = msg[:filler]
+            self._cache_n += filler
+
+            if self._cache_n < bs:
+                return self
+
+            msg = msg[filler:]
+            self._update(self._cache)
+            self._cache_n = 0
+
+        remain = len(msg) % bs
+        if remain > 0:
+            self._update(msg[:-remain])
+            self._cache[:remain] = msg[-remain:]
+        else:
+            self._update(msg)
+        self._cache_n = remain
+        return self
+
+    def _update(self, data_block: bytes) -> None:
+        """Update a block aligned to the block boundary"""
+
+        bs = self._block_size
+        assert len(data_block) % bs == 0
+
+        if len(data_block) == 0:
+            return
+
+        ct = self._cbc.encrypt(data_block)
+        if len(data_block) == bs:
+            second_last = self._last_ct
+        else:
+            second_last = ct[-bs * 2 : -bs]
+        self._last_ct = ct[-bs:]
+        self._last_pt = _xor(second_last, data_block[-bs:])
+
+    def digest(self) -> bytes:
+
+        bs = self._block_size
+
+        if self._mac_tag is not None and not self._update_after_digest:
+            return self._mac_tag
+
+        if self._data_size > self._max_size:
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError("MAC is unsafe for this message")
+
+        if self._cache_n == 0 and self._data_size > 0 and self._last_pt:
+            # Last block was full
+            pt = _xor(self._last_pt, self._k1)
+        else:
+            # Last block is partial (or message length is zero)
+            partial = self._cache[:]
+            partial[self._cache_n :] = b'\x80' + b'\x00' * (bs - self._cache_n - 1)
+            pt = _xor(_xor(self._last_ct, partial), self._k2)
+
+        self._mac_tag = self._ecb.encrypt(pt)[: self.digest_size]
+
+        return self._mac_tag
+
+
+# Define the original Point class for clarity and conversion purposes
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class _Point:
+    """Represents a point on the elliptic curve in affine coordinates."""
+
+    curve: _EllipticCurve
+    x: int = 0
+    y: int = 0
+    infinite: bool = False
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass(frozen=True)
+class _JacobianPoint:
+    """Represents a point on the elliptic curve in Jacobian coordinates."""
+
+    curve: _EllipticCurve
+    x: int = 1  # For point at infinity (1:1:0)
+    y: int = 1
+    z: int = 0  # z = 0 indicates point at infinity
+
+    @classmethod
+    def point_at_infinity(cls, curve: _EllipticCurve) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        return _JacobianPoint(curve=curve, x=1, y=1, z=0)
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_affine(cls, affine_point: _Point) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        if affine_point.infinite:
+            return _JacobianPoint.point_at_infinity(affine_point.curve)
+        # A simple conversion is (x, y, 1)
+        return _JacobianPoint(
+            curve=affine_point.curve, x=affine_point.x, y=affine_point.y, z=1
+        )
+
+    def to_affine(self) -> _Point:
+        if self.z == 0:
+            return _Point(infinite=True, curve=self.curve)
+
+        p = self.curve.p
+        inv_z = pow(self.z, -1, p)
+        affine_x = (self.x * inv_z**2) % p
+        affine_y = (self.y * inv_z**3) % p
+
+        return _Point(curve=self.curve, x=affine_x, y=affine_y, infinite=False)
+
+    def double(self) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        if self.z == 0 or self.y == 0:
+            return _JacobianPoint.point_at_infinity(self.curve)
+
+        s = 4 * self.x * self.y**2
+        m = 3 * self.x**2 + self.curve.a * self.z**4
+        x2 = m**2 - 2 * s
+        y2 = m * (s - x2) - 8 * self.y**4
+        z2 = 2 * self.y * self.z
+        p = self.curve.p
+
+        return _JacobianPoint(curve=self.curve, x=x2 % p, y=y2 % p, z=z2 % p)
+
+    def __add__(self, other: _JacobianPoint) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        if self.z == 0 and other.z == 0:
+            return _JacobianPoint.point_at_infinity(self.curve)
+        elif self.z == 0:
+            return other
+        elif other.z == 0:
+            return self
+
+        x1 = self.x
+        y1 = self.y
+        z1 = self.z
+        x2 = other.x
+        y2 = other.y
+        z2 = other.z
+        p = self.curve.p
+        u1 = (x1 * z2**2) % p
+        u2 = (x2 * z1**2) % p
+        s1 = (y1 * z2**3) % p
+        s2 = (y2 * z1**3) % p
+
+        if u1 == u2:
+            if s1 != s2:
+                return _JacobianPoint.point_at_infinity(self.curve)
+            else:
+                return self.double()
+        else:
+            h = u2 - u1
+            r = s2 - s1
+
+            h3 = h**3 % p
+            u1h2 = (u1 * h**2) % p
+            x3 = r**2 - h3 - 2 * u1h2
+            y3 = r * (u1h2 - x3) - s1 * h3
+            z3 = h * z1 * z2
+
+            return _JacobianPoint(self.curve, x3 % p, y3 % p, z3 % p)
+
+    def __mul__(self, k: int) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        addend = self
+        result = _JacobianPoint.point_at_infinity(self.curve)
+
+        while k > 0:
+            if k % 2 != 0:
+                result = result + addend
+            addend = addend.double()
+            k = k >> 1
+        return result
+
+    def __rmul__(self, k: int) -> _JacobianPoint:
+        return self * k
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class _EllipticCurve:
+    p: int
+    a: int
+    b: int
+    n: int
+    g_x: int
+    g_y: int
+
+    _generator_jacobian: _JacobianPoint = dataclasses.field(init=False)
+
+    def __post_init__(self):
+        self._generator_jacobian = _JacobianPoint(
+            curve=self, x=self.g_x, y=self.g_y, z=1
+        )
+
+    @dataclasses.dataclass
+    class PrivateKey:
+        key: int
+        curve: _EllipticCurve
+
+    def generate_private_key(self) -> PrivateKey:
+        """Generates a random private key."""
+        return self.PrivateKey(key=secrets.randbelow(self.n), curve=self)
+
+    def generate_public_key(self, private_key: int) -> _Point:
+        """Generates a public key from a private key using Jacobian coordinates for scalar multiplication."""
+        public_key_jacobian = self._generator_jacobian * private_key
+        return public_key_jacobian.to_affine()
+
+    def ecdh_shared_secret(self, private_key: int, other_public_key: _Point) -> bytes:
+        """Computes the shared secret using ECDH."""
+        other_public_key_jacobian = _JacobianPoint.from_affine(other_public_key)
+        shared_point_jacobian = other_public_key_jacobian * private_key
+        shared_point_affine = shared_point_jacobian.to_affine()
+        if shared_point_affine.infinite:
+            raise core.InvalidPacketError(
+                "Shared secret calculation resulted in the point at infinite"
+            )
+        return shared_point_affine.x.to_bytes(32, 'big')
+
+    @classmethod
+    def SECP256R1(cls) -> _EllipticCurve:
+        p = 0xFFFFFFFF00000001000000000000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF
+        a = 0xFFFFFFFF00000001000000000000000000000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFC
+        b = 0x5AC635D8AA3A93E7B3EBBD55769886BC651D06B0CC53B0F63BCE3C3E27D2604B
+        n = 0xFFFFFFFF00000000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFBCE6FAADA7179E84F3B9CAC2FC632551  # Curve order
+        g_x = 0x6B17D1F2E12C4247F8BCE6E563A440F277037D812DEB33A0F4A13945D898C296
+        g_y = 0x4FE342E2FE1A7F9B8EE7EB4A7C0F9E162BCE33576B315ECECBB6406837BF51F5
+
+        return _EllipticCurve(p=p, a=a, b=b, n=n, g_x=g_x, g_y=g_y)
+
+
+class EccKey:
+    def __init__(self, private_key: _EllipticCurve.PrivateKey) -> None:
+        self.private_key = private_key
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def x(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.private_key.curve.generate_public_key(
+            self.private_key.key
+        ).x.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def y(self) -> bytes:
+        return self.private_key.curve.generate_public_key(
+            self.private_key.key
+        ).y.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
+
+    def dh(self, public_key_x: bytes, public_key_y: bytes) -> bytes:
+        x = int.from_bytes(public_key_x, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        y = int.from_bytes(public_key_y, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        return self.private_key.curve.ecdh_shared_secret(
+            self.private_key.key,
+            _Point(x=x, y=y, curve=self.private_key.curve),
+        )
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> EccKey:
+        return EccKey(_EllipticCurve.SECP256R1().generate_private_key())
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_key_bytes(cls, d_bytes: bytes) -> EccKey:
+        d = int.from_bytes(d_bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        return EccKey(_EllipticCurve.PrivateKey(d, _EllipticCurve.SECP256R1()))
+
+
+def e(key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    '''
+    AES-128 ECB, expecting byte-swapped inputs and producing a byte-swapped output.
+
+    See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.1 Security function e
+    '''
+
+    return _ECB(key[::-1]).encrypt(data[::-1])[::-1]
+
+
+def aes_cmac(m: bytes, k: bytes) -> bytes:
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec, Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.5 FunctionAES-CMAC
+
+    NOTE: the input and output of this internal function are in big-endian byte order
+    '''
+    return _CMAC(key=k, msg=m).digest()

bumble/crypto/cryptography.py

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+# Copyright 2021-2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License")
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import functools
+
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import ciphers, cmac
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import ec
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import algorithms, modes
+
+
+def e(key: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    '''
+    AES-128 ECB, expecting byte-swapped inputs and producing a byte-swapped output.
+
+    See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.1 Security function e
+    '''
+
+    cipher = ciphers.Cipher(algorithms.AES(key[::-1]), modes.ECB())
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    return encryptor.update(data[::-1])[::-1]
+
+
+class EccKey:
+    def __init__(self, private_key: ec.EllipticCurvePrivateKey) -> None:
+        self.private_key = private_key
+
+    @classmethod
+    def generate(cls) -> EccKey:
+        return EccKey(ec.generate_private_key(ec.SECP256R1()))
+
+    @classmethod
+    def from_private_key_bytes(cls, d_bytes: bytes) -> EccKey:
+        d = int.from_bytes(d_bytes, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        return EccKey(ec.derive_private_key(d, ec.SECP256R1()))
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def x(self) -> bytes:
+        return (
+            self.private_key.public_key()
+            .public_numbers()
+            .x.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
+        )
+
+    @functools.cached_property
+    def y(self) -> bytes:
+        return (
+            self.private_key.public_key()
+            .public_numbers()
+            .y.to_bytes(32, byteorder='big')
+        )
+
+    def dh(self, public_key_x: bytes, public_key_y: bytes) -> bytes:
+        x = int.from_bytes(public_key_x, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        y = int.from_bytes(public_key_y, byteorder='big', signed=False)
+        return self.private_key.exchange(
+            ec.ECDH(),
+            ec.EllipticCurvePublicNumbers(x, y, ec.SECP256R1()).public_key(),
+        )
+
+
+def aes_cmac(m: bytes, k: bytes) -> bytes:
+    '''
+    See Bluetooth spec, Vol 3, Part H - 2.2.5 FunctionAES-CMAC
+
+    NOTE: the input and output of this internal function are in big-endian byte order
+    '''
+    mac = cmac.CMAC(algorithms.AES(k))
+    mac.update(m)
+    return mac.finalize()

bumble/drivers/__init__.py

@@ -20,12 +20,13 @@ like loading firmware after a cold start.
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import pathlib
 import platform
-from typing import Dict, Iterable, Optional, Type, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional
 
-from bumble.drivers import rtk, intel
+from bumble.drivers import intel, rtk
 from bumble.drivers.common import Driver
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ async def get_driver_for_host(host: Host) -> Optional[Driver]:
     found.
     If a "driver" HCI metadata entry is present, only that driver class will be probed.
     """
-    driver_classes: Dict[str, Type[Driver]] = {"rtk": rtk.Driver, "intel": intel.Driver}
+    driver_classes: dict[str, type[Driver]] = {"rtk": rtk.Driver, "intel": intel.Driver}
     probe_list: Iterable[str]
     if driver_name := host.hci_metadata.get("driver"):
         # Only probe a single driver

bumble/drivers/common.py

@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ Common types for drivers.
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import abc
 
-from bumble import core
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Classes

bumble/drivers/intel.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Loosely based on the Fuchsia OS implementation.
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import collections
 import dataclasses
@@ -28,12 +29,10 @@ import os
 import pathlib
 import platform
 import struct
-from typing import Any, Deque, Optional, TYPE_CHECKING
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, hci, utils
 from bumble.drivers import common
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import utils
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.host import Host
@@ -50,6 +49,7 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 INTEL_USB_PRODUCTS = {
     (0x8087, 0x0032),  # AX210
+    (0x8087, 0x0033),  # AX211
     (0x8087, 0x0036),  # BE200
 }
 
@@ -89,54 +89,51 @@ HCI_INTEL_WRITE_BOOT_PARAMS_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x000E)
 hci.HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
 
 
-@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-    fields=[
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ("param0", 1),
+class HCI_Intel_Read_Version_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-    ],
+    param0: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-    return_parameters_fields=[
+
+    return_parameters_fields = [
         ("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC),
         ("tlv", "*"),
-    ],
+    ]
-)
-class HCI_Intel_Read_Version_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-    pass
 
 
-@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-    fields=[("data_type", 1), ("data", "*")],
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-    return_parameters_fields=[
-        ("status", 1),
-    ],
-)
 class Hci_Intel_Secure_Send_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-    pass
+    data_type: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    data: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
+    return_parameters_fields = [
+        ("status", 1),
+    ]
 
 
-@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-    fields=[
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-        ("reset_type", 1),
-        ("patch_enable", 1),
-        ("ddc_reload", 1),
-        ("boot_option", 1),
-        ("boot_address", 4),
-    ],
-    return_parameters_fields=[
-        ("data", "*"),
-    ],
-)
 class HCI_Intel_Reset_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-    pass
+    reset_type: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    patch_enable: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    ddc_reload: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    boot_option: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    boot_address: int = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata(4))
+
+    return_parameters_fields = [
+        ("data", "*"),
+    ]
 
 
-@hci.HCI_Command.command(
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-    fields=[("data", "*")],
+@dataclasses.dataclass
-    return_parameters_fields=[
+class Hci_Intel_Write_Device_Config_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
+    data: bytes = dataclasses.field(metadata=hci.metadata("*"))
+
+    return_parameters_fields = [
         ("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC),
         ("params", "*"),
-    ],
+    ]
-)
-class Hci_Intel_Write_Device_Config_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-    pass
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -293,6 +290,7 @@ class HardwareVariant(utils.OpenIntEnum):
     # This is a just a partial list.
     # Add other constants here as new hardware is encountered and tested.
     TYPHOON_PEAK = 0x17
+    GARFIELD_PEAK = 0x19
     GALE_PEAK = 0x1C
 
 
@@ -346,7 +344,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
     def __init__(self, host: Host) -> None:
         self.host = host
         self.max_in_flight_firmware_load_commands = 1
-        self.pending_firmware_load_commands: Deque[hci.HCI_Command] = (
+        self.pending_firmware_load_commands: collections.deque[hci.HCI_Command] = (
             collections.deque()
         )
         self.can_send_firmware_load_command = asyncio.Event()
@@ -471,6 +469,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             raise DriverError("hardware platform not supported")
         if hardware_info.variant not in (
             HardwareVariant.TYPHOON_PEAK,
+            HardwareVariant.GARFIELD_PEAK,
             HardwareVariant.GALE_PEAK,
         ):
             raise DriverError("hardware variant not supported")

bumble/drivers/rtk.py

@@ -17,10 +17,6 @@ Based on various online bits of information, including the Linux kernel.
 (see `drivers/bluetooth/btrtl.c`)
 """
 
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# Imports
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-from dataclasses import dataclass
 import asyncio
 import enum
 import logging
@@ -29,19 +25,14 @@ import os
 import pathlib
 import platform
 import struct
-from typing import Tuple
 import weakref
 
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, hci
-from bumble.hci import (
-    hci_vendor_command_op_code,
-    STATUS_SPEC,
-    HCI_SUCCESS,
-    HCI_Command,
-    HCI_Reset_Command,
-    HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command,
-)
 from bumble.drivers import common
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -183,27 +174,29 @@ RTK_USB_PRODUCTS = {
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # HCI Commands
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-HCI_RTK_READ_ROM_VERSION_COMMAND = hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x6D)
+HCI_RTK_READ_ROM_VERSION_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x6D)
-HCI_RTK_DOWNLOAD_COMMAND = hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x20)
+HCI_RTK_DOWNLOAD_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x20)
-HCI_RTK_DROP_FIRMWARE_COMMAND = hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x66)
+HCI_RTK_DROP_FIRMWARE_COMMAND = hci.hci_vendor_command_op_code(0x66)
-HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
+hci.HCI_Command.register_commands(globals())
 
 
-@HCI_Command.command(return_parameters_fields=[("status", STATUS_SPEC), ("version", 1)])
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-class HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command(HCI_Command):
+@dataclass
-    pass
+class HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
+    return_parameters_fields = [("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC), ("version", 1)]
 
 
-@HCI_Command.command(
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-    fields=[("index", 1), ("payload", RTK_FRAGMENT_LENGTH)],
+@dataclass
-    return_parameters_fields=[("status", STATUS_SPEC), ("index", 1)],
+class HCI_RTK_Download_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
-)
+    index: int = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-class HCI_RTK_Download_Command(HCI_Command):
+    payload: bytes = field(metadata=hci.metadata(RTK_FRAGMENT_LENGTH))
-    pass
+    return_parameters_fields = [("status", hci.STATUS_SPEC), ("index", 1)]
 
 
-@HCI_Command.command()
+@hci.HCI_Command.command
-class HCI_RTK_Drop_Firmware_Command(HCI_Command):
+@dataclass
+class HCI_RTK_Drop_Firmware_Command(hci.HCI_Command):
     pass
 
 
@@ -294,7 +287,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
     @dataclass
     class DriverInfo:
         rom: int
-        hci: Tuple[int, int]
+        hci: tuple[int, int]
         config_needed: bool
         has_rom_version: bool
         has_msft_ext: bool = False
@@ -495,21 +488,36 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
         return True
 
+    @staticmethod
+    async def get_loaded_firmware_version(host):
+        response = await host.send_command(HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command())
+
+        if response.return_parameters.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
+            return None
+
+        response = await host.send_command(
+            hci.HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command(), check_result=True
+        )
+        return (
+            response.return_parameters.hci_subversion << 16
+            | response.return_parameters.lmp_subversion
+        )
+
     @classmethod
     async def driver_info_for_host(cls, host):
         try:
             await host.send_command(
-                HCI_Reset_Command(),
+                hci.HCI_Reset_Command(),
                 check_result=True,
                 response_timeout=cls.POST_RESET_DELAY,
             )
             host.ready = True  # Needed to let the host know the controller is ready.
         except asyncio.exceptions.TimeoutError:
             logger.warning("timeout waiting for hci reset, retrying")
-            await host.send_command(HCI_Reset_Command(), check_result=True)
+            await host.send_command(hci.HCI_Reset_Command(), check_result=True)
             host.ready = True
 
-        command = HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command()
+        command = hci.HCI_Read_Local_Version_Information_Command()
         response = await host.send_command(command, check_result=True)
         if response.command_opcode != command.op_code:
             logger.error("failed to probe local version information")
@@ -596,9 +604,9 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             response = await self.host.send_command(
                 HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command(), check_result=True
             )
-            if response.return_parameters.status != HCI_SUCCESS:
+            if response.return_parameters.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
                 logger.warning("can't get ROM version")
-                return
+                return None
             rom_version = response.return_parameters.version
             logger.debug(f"ROM version before download: {rom_version:04X}")
         else:
@@ -606,13 +614,14 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
         firmware = Firmware(self.firmware)
         logger.debug(f"firmware: project_id=0x{firmware.project_id:04X}")
+        logger.debug(f"firmware: version=0x{firmware.version:04X}")
         for patch in firmware.patches:
             if patch[0] == rom_version + 1:
                 logger.debug(f"using patch {patch[0]}")
                 break
         else:
             logger.warning("no valid patch found for rom version {rom_version}")
-            return
+            return None
 
         # Append the config if there is one.
         if self.config:
@@ -634,9 +643,8 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
             fragment = payload[fragment_offset : fragment_offset + RTK_FRAGMENT_LENGTH]
             logger.debug(f"downloading fragment {fragment_index}")
             await self.host.send_command(
-                HCI_RTK_Download_Command(
+                HCI_RTK_Download_Command(index=download_index, payload=fragment),
-                    index=download_index, payload=fragment, check_result=True
+                check_result=True,
-                )
             )
 
         logger.debug("download complete!")
@@ -645,11 +653,13 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
         response = await self.host.send_command(
             HCI_RTK_Read_ROM_Version_Command(), check_result=True
         )
-        if response.return_parameters.status != HCI_SUCCESS:
+        if response.return_parameters.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             logger.warning("can't get ROM version")
         else:
             rom_version = response.return_parameters.version
-            logger.debug(f"ROM version after download: {rom_version:04X}")
+            logger.debug(f"ROM version after download: {rom_version:02X}")
+
+        return firmware.version
 
     async def download_firmware(self):
         if self.driver_info.rom == RTK_ROM_LMP_8723A:
@@ -668,7 +678,7 @@ class Driver(common.Driver):
 
     async def init_controller(self):
         await self.download_firmware()
-        await self.host.send_command(HCI_Reset_Command(), check_result=True)
+        await self.host.send_command(hci.HCI_Reset_Command(), check_result=True)
         logger.info(f"loaded FW image {self.driver_info.fw_name}")
 
 

bumble/gap.py

@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ import logging
 import struct
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Service,
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_APPEARANCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
+    Service,
 )
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/gatt.py

@@ -23,15 +23,16 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import functools
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Iterable, List, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Sequence, TypeVar, Union
 
-from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.core import BaseBumbleError, UUID
 from bumble.att import Attribute, AttributeValue
+from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import UUID, BaseBumbleError
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -350,8 +351,8 @@ class Service(Attribute):
     '''
 
     uuid: UUID
-    characteristics: List[Characteristic]
+    characteristics: list[Characteristic]
-    included_services: List[Service]
+    included_services: list[Service]
 
     def __init__(
         self,
@@ -474,7 +475,7 @@ class Characteristic(Attribute[_T]):
                 # The check for `p.name is not None` here is needed because for InFlag
                 # enums, the .name property can be None, when the enum value is 0,
                 # so the type hint for .name is Optional[str].
-                enum_list: List[str] = [p.name for p in cls if p.name is not None]
+                enum_list: list[str] = [p.name for p in cls if p.name is not None]
                 enum_list_str = ",".join(enum_list)
                 raise TypeError(
                     f"Characteristic.Properties::from_string() error:\nExpected a string containing any of the keys, separated by , or |: {enum_list_str}\nGot: {properties_str}"
@@ -579,11 +580,7 @@ class Descriptor(Attribute):
         if isinstance(self.value, bytes):
             value_str = self.value.hex()
         elif isinstance(self.value, CharacteristicValue):
-            value = self.value.read(None)
+            value_str = '<dynamic>'
-            if isinstance(value, bytes):
-                value_str = value.hex()
-            else:
-                value_str = '<async>'
         else:
             value_str = '<...>'
         return (

bumble/gatt_adapters.py

@@ -20,23 +20,14 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-import struct
-from typing import (
-    Any,
-    Callable,
-    Generic,
-    Iterable,
-    Literal,
-    Optional,
-    Type,
-    TypeVar,
-)
 
+import struct
+from typing import Any, Callable, Generic, Iterable, Literal, Optional, TypeVar
+
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidOperationError
 from bumble.gatt import Characteristic
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
-from bumble import utils
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -270,7 +261,7 @@ class SerializableCharacteristicAdapter(CharacteristicAdapter[_T2]):
     `to_bytes` and `__bytes__` methods, respectively.
     '''
 
-    def __init__(self, characteristic: Characteristic, cls: Type[_T2]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, characteristic: Characteristic, cls: type[_T2]) -> None:
         super().__init__(characteristic)
         self.cls = cls
 
@@ -289,7 +280,7 @@ class SerializableCharacteristicProxyAdapter(CharacteristicProxyAdapter[_T2]):
     '''
 
     def __init__(
-        self, characteristic_proxy: CharacteristicProxy, cls: Type[_T2]
+        self, characteristic_proxy: CharacteristicProxy, cls: type[_T2]
     ) -> None:
         super().__init__(characteristic_proxy)
         self.cls = cls
@@ -311,7 +302,7 @@ class EnumCharacteristicAdapter(CharacteristicAdapter[_T3]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         characteristic: Characteristic,
-        cls: Type[_T3],
+        cls: type[_T3],
         length: int,
         byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little',
     ):
@@ -347,7 +338,7 @@ class EnumCharacteristicProxyAdapter(CharacteristicProxyAdapter[_T3]):
     def __init__(
         self,
         characteristic_proxy: CharacteristicProxy,
-        cls: Type[_T3],
+        cls: type[_T3],
         length: int,
         byteorder: Literal['little', 'big'] = 'little',
     ):

bumble/gatt_client.py

@@ -24,65 +24,38 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import logging
 import struct
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import (
+    TYPE_CHECKING,
     Any,
     Callable,
-    Dict,
     Generic,
     Iterable,
-    List,
     Optional,
-    Set,
-    Tuple,
-    Union,
-    Type,
     TypeVar,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
+    Union,
 )
 
-
+from bumble import att, core, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
-from bumble.att import (
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
-    ATT_CID,
-    ATT_DEFAULT_MTU,
-    ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE,
-    ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
-    ATT_PDU,
-    ATT_RESPONSES,
-    ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request,
-    ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request,
-    ATT_Find_Information_Request,
-    ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation,
-    ATT_Read_Blob_Request,
-    ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request,
-    ATT_Read_By_Type_Request,
-    ATT_Read_Request,
-    ATT_Write_Command,
-    ATT_Write_Request,
-    ATT_Error,
-)
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import core
 from bumble.core import UUID, InvalidStateError
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,
+    GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT,
     GATT_SECONDARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
-    GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     Characteristic,
     ClientCharacteristicConfigurationBits,
     InvalidServiceError,
     TemplateService,
 )
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Constant
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Typing
@@ -149,8 +122,8 @@ class AttributeProxy(utils.EventEmitter, Generic[_T]):
 
 class ServiceProxy(AttributeProxy):
     uuid: UUID
-    characteristics: List[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
+    characteristics: list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
-    included_services: List[ServiceProxy]
+    included_services: list[ServiceProxy]
 
     @staticmethod
     def from_client(service_class, client: Client, service_uuid: UUID):
@@ -199,8 +172,8 @@ class ServiceProxy(AttributeProxy):
 
 class CharacteristicProxy(AttributeProxy[_T]):
     properties: Characteristic.Properties
-    descriptors: List[DescriptorProxy]
+    descriptors: list[DescriptorProxy]
-    subscribers: Dict[Any, Callable[[_T], Any]]
+    subscribers: dict[Any, Callable[[_T], Any]]
 
     EVENT_UPDATE = "update"
 
@@ -277,7 +250,7 @@ class ProfileServiceProxy:
     Base class for profile-specific service proxies
     '''
 
-    SERVICE_CLASS: Type[TemplateService]
+    SERVICE_CLASS: type[TemplateService]
 
     @classmethod
     def from_client(cls, client: Client) -> Optional[ProfileServiceProxy]:
@@ -288,16 +261,16 @@ class ProfileServiceProxy:
 # GATT Client
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Client:
-    services: List[ServiceProxy]
+    services: list[ServiceProxy]
-    cached_values: Dict[int, Tuple[datetime, bytes]]
+    cached_values: dict[int, tuple[datetime, bytes]]
-    notification_subscribers: Dict[
+    notification_subscribers: dict[
-        int, Set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
+        int, set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
     ]
-    indication_subscribers: Dict[
+    indication_subscribers: dict[
-        int, Set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
+        int, set[Union[CharacteristicProxy, Callable[[bytes], Any]]]
     ]
-    pending_response: Optional[asyncio.futures.Future[ATT_PDU]]
+    pending_response: Optional[asyncio.futures.Future[att.ATT_PDU]]
-    pending_request: Optional[ATT_PDU]
+    pending_request: Optional[att.ATT_PDU]
 
     def __init__(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
         self.connection = connection
@@ -313,15 +286,15 @@ class Client:
         connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION, self.on_disconnection)
 
     def send_gatt_pdu(self, pdu: bytes) -> None:
-        self.connection.send_l2cap_pdu(ATT_CID, pdu)
+        self.connection.send_l2cap_pdu(att.ATT_CID, pdu)
 
-    async def send_command(self, command: ATT_PDU) -> None:
+    async def send_command(self, command: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Command from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {command}'
         )
         self.send_gatt_pdu(bytes(command))
 
-    async def send_request(self, request: ATT_PDU):
+    async def send_request(self, request: att.ATT_PDU):
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Request from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {request}'
         )
@@ -350,7 +323,9 @@ class Client:
 
         return response
 
-    def send_confirmation(self, confirmation: ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation) -> None:
+    def send_confirmation(
+        self, confirmation: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation
+    ) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Confirmation from client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] '
             f'{confirmation}'
@@ -359,8 +334,8 @@ class Client:
 
     async def request_mtu(self, mtu: int) -> int:
         # Check the range
-        if mtu < ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
+        if mtu < att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
-            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'MTU must be >= {ATT_DEFAULT_MTU}')
+            raise core.InvalidArgumentError(f'MTU must be >= {att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU}')
         if mtu > 0xFFFF:
             raise core.InvalidArgumentError('MTU must be <= 0xFFFF')
 
@@ -370,21 +345,23 @@ class Client:
 
         # Send the request
         self.mtu_exchange_done = True
-        response = await self.send_request(ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(client_rx_mtu=mtu))
+        response = await self.send_request(
-        if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            att.ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request(client_rx_mtu=mtu)
-            raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+        )
+        if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
 
         # Compute the final MTU
         self.connection.att_mtu = min(mtu, response.server_rx_mtu)
 
         return self.connection.att_mtu
 
-    def get_services_by_uuid(self, uuid: UUID) -> List[ServiceProxy]:
+    def get_services_by_uuid(self, uuid: UUID) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         return [service for service in self.services if service.uuid == uuid]
 
     def get_characteristics_by_uuid(
         self, uuid: UUID, service: Optional[ServiceProxy] = None
-    ) -> List[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
+    ) -> list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
         services = [service] if service else self.services
         return [
             c
@@ -395,8 +372,8 @@ class Client:
     def get_attribute_grouping(self, attribute_handle: int) -> Optional[
         Union[
             ServiceProxy,
-            Tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy],
+            tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy],
-            Tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy, DescriptorProxy],
+            tuple[ServiceProxy, CharacteristicProxy, DescriptorProxy],
         ]
     ]:
         """
@@ -429,7 +406,7 @@ class Client:
         if not already_known:
             self.services.append(service)
 
-    async def discover_services(self, uuids: Iterable[UUID] = ()) -> List[ServiceProxy]:
+    async def discover_services(self, uuids: Iterable[UUID] = ()) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.4.1 Discover All Primary Services
         '''
@@ -437,7 +414,7 @@ class Client:
         services = []
         while starting_handle < 0xFFFF:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=0xFFFF,
                     attribute_group_type=GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -448,14 +425,14 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering services: '
                         f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                     )
-                    raise ATT_Error(
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
                         error_code=response.error_code,
                         message='Unexpected error while discovering services',
                     )
@@ -501,7 +478,7 @@ class Client:
 
         return services
 
-    async def discover_service(self, uuid: Union[str, UUID]) -> List[ServiceProxy]:
+    async def discover_service(self, uuid: Union[str, UUID]) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.4.2 Discover Primary Service by Service UUID
         '''
@@ -514,7 +491,7 @@ class Client:
         services = []
         while starting_handle < 0xFFFF:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=0xFFFF,
                     attribute_type=GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -526,8 +503,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering services: '
@@ -572,7 +549,7 @@ class Client:
 
     async def discover_included_services(
         self, service: ServiceProxy
-    ) -> List[ServiceProxy]:
+    ) -> list[ServiceProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.5.1 Find Included Services
         '''
@@ -580,10 +557,10 @@ class Client:
         starting_handle = service.handle
         ending_handle = service.end_group_handle
 
-        included_services: List[ServiceProxy] = []
+        included_services: list[ServiceProxy] = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=ending_handle,
                     attribute_type=GATT_INCLUDE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -594,14 +571,14 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering included services: '
                         f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                     )
-                    raise ATT_Error(
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
                         error_code=response.error_code,
                         message='Unexpected error while discovering included services',
                     )
@@ -636,7 +613,7 @@ class Client:
 
     async def discover_characteristics(
         self, uuids, service: Optional[ServiceProxy]
-    ) -> List[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
+    ) -> list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.6.1 Discover All Characteristics of a Service and 4.6.2
         Discover Characteristics by UUID
@@ -649,15 +626,15 @@ class Client:
         services = [service] if service else self.services
 
         # Perform characteristic discovery for each service
-        discovered_characteristics: List[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = []
+        discovered_characteristics: list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = []
         for service in services:
             starting_handle = service.handle
             ending_handle = service.end_group_handle
 
-            characteristics: List[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = []
+            characteristics: list[CharacteristicProxy[bytes]] = []
             while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
                 response = await self.send_request(
-                    ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                    att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                         starting_handle=starting_handle,
                         ending_handle=ending_handle,
                         attribute_type=GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
@@ -668,14 +645,14 @@ class Client:
                     return []
 
                 # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-                if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                    if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                    if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                         # Unexpected end
                         logger.warning(
                             '!!! unexpected error while discovering characteristics: '
                             f'{HCI_Constant.error_name(response.error_code)}'
                         )
-                        raise ATT_Error(
+                        raise att.ATT_Error(
                             error_code=response.error_code,
                             message='Unexpected error while discovering characteristics',
                         )
@@ -725,7 +702,7 @@ class Client:
         characteristic: Optional[CharacteristicProxy] = None,
         start_handle: Optional[int] = None,
         end_handle: Optional[int] = None,
-    ) -> List[DescriptorProxy]:
+    ) -> list[DescriptorProxy]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.7.1 Discover All Characteristic Descriptors
         '''
@@ -738,10 +715,10 @@ class Client:
         else:
             return []
 
-        descriptors: List[DescriptorProxy] = []
+        descriptors: list[DescriptorProxy] = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_Information_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_Information_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle, ending_handle=ending_handle
                 )
             )
@@ -750,8 +727,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering descriptors: '
@@ -787,7 +764,7 @@ class Client:
 
         return descriptors
 
-    async def discover_attributes(self) -> List[AttributeProxy[bytes]]:
+    async def discover_attributes(self) -> list[AttributeProxy[bytes]]:
         '''
         Discover all attributes, regardless of type
         '''
@@ -796,7 +773,7 @@ class Client:
         attributes = []
         while True:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Find_Information_Request(
+                att.ATT_Find_Information_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle, ending_handle=ending_handle
                 )
             )
@@ -804,8 +781,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while discovering attributes: '
@@ -959,12 +936,12 @@ class Client:
         # Send a request to read
         attribute_handle = attribute if isinstance(attribute, int) else attribute.handle
         response = await self.send_request(
-            ATT_Read_Request(attribute_handle=attribute_handle)
+            att.ATT_Read_Request(attribute_handle=attribute_handle)
         )
         if response is None:
             raise TimeoutError('read timeout')
-        if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+        if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-            raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+            raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
 
         # If the value is the max size for the MTU, try to read more unless the caller
         # specifically asked not to do that
@@ -974,19 +951,21 @@ class Client:
             offset = len(attribute_value)
             while True:
                 response = await self.send_request(
-                    ATT_Read_Blob_Request(
+                    att.ATT_Read_Blob_Request(
                         attribute_handle=attribute_handle, value_offset=offset
                     )
                 )
                 if response is None:
                     raise TimeoutError('read timeout')
-                if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+                if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
                     if response.error_code in (
-                        ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
+                        att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
-                        ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
+                        att.ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
                     ):
                         break
-                    raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+                    raise att.ATT_Error(
+                        error_code=response.error_code, message=response
+                    )
 
                 part = response.part_attribute_value
                 attribute_value += part
@@ -1002,7 +981,7 @@ class Client:
 
     async def read_characteristics_by_uuid(
         self, uuid: UUID, service: Optional[ServiceProxy]
-    ) -> List[bytes]:
+    ) -> list[bytes]:
         '''
         See Vol 3, Part G - 4.8.2 Read Using Characteristic UUID
         '''
@@ -1017,7 +996,7 @@ class Client:
         characteristics_values = []
         while starting_handle <= ending_handle:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
+                att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request(
                     starting_handle=starting_handle,
                     ending_handle=ending_handle,
                     attribute_type=uuid,
@@ -1028,8 +1007,8 @@ class Client:
                 return []
 
             # Check if we reached the end of the iteration
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                if response.error_code != ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
+                if response.error_code != att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR:
                     # Unexpected end
                     logger.warning(
                         '!!! unexpected error while reading characteristics: '
@@ -1074,15 +1053,15 @@ class Client:
         attribute_handle = attribute if isinstance(attribute, int) else attribute.handle
         if with_response:
             response = await self.send_request(
-                ATT_Write_Request(
+                att.ATT_Write_Request(
                     attribute_handle=attribute_handle, attribute_value=value
                 )
             )
-            if response.op_code == ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if response.op_code == att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
-                raise ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
+                raise att.ATT_Error(error_code=response.error_code, message=response)
         else:
             await self.send_command(
-                ATT_Write_Command(
+                att.ATT_Write_Command(
                     attribute_handle=attribute_handle, attribute_value=value
                 )
             )
@@ -1091,11 +1070,11 @@ class Client:
         if self.pending_response and not self.pending_response.done():
             self.pending_response.cancel()
 
-    def on_gatt_pdu(self, att_pdu: ATT_PDU) -> None:
+    def on_gatt_pdu(self, att_pdu: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Response to client: [0x{self.connection.handle:04X}] {att_pdu}'
         )
-        if att_pdu.op_code in ATT_RESPONSES:
+        if att_pdu.op_code in att.ATT_RESPONSES:
             if self.pending_request is None:
                 # Not expected!
                 logger.warning('!!! unexpected response, there is no pending request')
@@ -1103,7 +1082,7 @@ class Client:
 
             # The response should match the pending request unless it is
             # an error response
-            if att_pdu.op_code != ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
+            if att_pdu.op_code != att.Opcode.ATT_ERROR_RESPONSE:
                 expected_response_name = self.pending_request.name.replace(
                     '_REQUEST', '_RESPONSE'
                 )
@@ -1131,7 +1110,9 @@ class Client:
                     + str(att_pdu)
                 )
 
-    def on_att_handle_value_notification(self, notification):
+    def on_att_handle_value_notification(
+        self, notification: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Notification
+    ):
         # Call all subscribers
         subscribers = self.notification_subscribers.get(
             notification.attribute_handle, set()
@@ -1146,7 +1127,9 @@ class Client:
             else:
                 subscriber.emit(subscriber.EVENT_UPDATE, notification.attribute_value)
 
-    def on_att_handle_value_indication(self, indication):
+    def on_att_handle_value_indication(
+        self, indication: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Indication
+    ):
         # Call all subscribers
         subscribers = self.indication_subscribers.get(
             indication.attribute_handle, set()
@@ -1162,7 +1145,7 @@ class Client:
                 subscriber.emit(subscriber.EVENT_UPDATE, indication.attribute_value)
 
         # Confirm that we received the indication
-        self.send_confirmation(ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation())
+        self.send_confirmation(att.ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation())
 
     def cache_value(self, attribute_handle: int, value: bytes) -> None:
         self.cached_values[attribute_handle] = (

bumble/gatt_server.py

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# GATT - Generic Attribute Profile
+# GATT - Generic att.Attribute Profile
 # Server
 #
 # See Bluetooth spec @ Vol 3, Part G
@@ -24,50 +24,16 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import logging
-from collections import defaultdict
 import struct
-from typing import (
+from collections import defaultdict
-    Dict,
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Iterable, Optional, TypeVar
-    Iterable,
-    List,
-    Optional,
-    Tuple,
-    TypeVar,
-    Type,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
 
+from bumble import att, utils
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import UUID
-from bumble.att import (
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
-    ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
-    ATT_CID,
-    ATT_DEFAULT_MTU,
-    ATT_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH_ERROR,
-    ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
-    ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
-    ATT_REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR,
-    ATT_REQUESTS,
-    ATT_PDU,
-    ATT_UNLIKELY_ERROR_ERROR,
-    ATT_UNSUPPORTED_GROUP_TYPE_ERROR,
-    ATT_Error,
-    ATT_Error_Response,
-    ATT_Exchange_MTU_Response,
-    ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response,
-    ATT_Find_Information_Response,
-    ATT_Handle_Value_Indication,
-    ATT_Handle_Value_Notification,
-    ATT_Read_Blob_Response,
-    ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response,
-    ATT_Read_By_Type_Response,
-    ATT_Read_Response,
-    ATT_Write_Response,
-    Attribute,
-)
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_CHARACTERISTIC_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
     GATT_CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,
@@ -78,14 +44,13 @@ from bumble.gatt import (
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicDeclaration,
     CharacteristicValue,
-    IncludedServiceDeclaration,
     Descriptor,
+    IncludedServiceDeclaration,
     Service,
 )
-from bumble import utils
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+    from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -103,10 +68,10 @@ GATT_SERVER_DEFAULT_MAX_MTU = 517
 # GATT Server
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
-    attributes: List[Attribute]
+    attributes: list[att.Attribute]
-    services: List[Service]
+    services: list[Service]
-    attributes_by_handle: Dict[int, Attribute]
+    attributes_by_handle: dict[int, att.Attribute]
-    subscribers: Dict[int, Dict[int, bytes]]
+    subscribers: dict[int, dict[int, bytes]]
     indication_semaphores: defaultdict[int, asyncio.Semaphore]
     pending_confirmations: defaultdict[int, Optional[asyncio.futures.Future]]
 
@@ -116,7 +81,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         super().__init__()
         self.device = device
         self.services = []
-        self.attributes = []  # Attributes, ordered by increasing handle values
+        self.attributes = []  # att.Attributes, ordered by increasing handle values
         self.attributes_by_handle = {}  # Map for fast attribute access by handle
         self.max_mtu = (
             GATT_SERVER_DEFAULT_MAX_MTU  # The max MTU we're willing to negotiate
@@ -131,12 +96,12 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         return "\n".join(map(str, self.attributes))
 
     def send_gatt_pdu(self, connection_handle: int, pdu: bytes) -> None:
-        self.device.send_l2cap_pdu(connection_handle, ATT_CID, pdu)
+        self.device.send_l2cap_pdu(connection_handle, att.ATT_CID, pdu)
 
     def next_handle(self) -> int:
         return 1 + len(self.attributes)
 
-    def get_advertising_service_data(self) -> Dict[Attribute, bytes]:
+    def get_advertising_service_data(self) -> dict[att.Attribute, bytes]:
         return {
             attribute: data
             for attribute in self.attributes
@@ -144,7 +109,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             and (data := attribute.get_advertising_data())
         }
 
-    def get_attribute(self, handle: int) -> Optional[Attribute]:
+    def get_attribute(self, handle: int) -> Optional[att.Attribute]:
         attribute = self.attributes_by_handle.get(handle)
         if attribute:
             return attribute
@@ -160,7 +125,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     AttributeGroupType = TypeVar('AttributeGroupType', Service, Characteristic)
 
     def get_attribute_group(
-        self, handle: int, group_type: Type[AttributeGroupType]
+        self, handle: int, group_type: type[AttributeGroupType]
     ) -> Optional[AttributeGroupType]:
         return next(
             (
@@ -186,7 +151,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     def get_characteristic_attributes(
         self, service_uuid: UUID, characteristic_uuid: UUID
-    ) -> Optional[Tuple[CharacteristicDeclaration, Characteristic]]:
+    ) -> Optional[tuple[CharacteristicDeclaration, Characteristic]]:
         service_handle = self.get_service_attribute(service_uuid)
         if not service_handle:
             return None
@@ -235,7 +200,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             None,
         )
 
-    def add_attribute(self, attribute: Attribute) -> None:
+    def add_attribute(self, attribute: att.Attribute) -> None:
         # Assign a handle to this attribute
         attribute.handle = self.next_handle()
         attribute.end_group_handle = (
@@ -290,7 +255,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                     # pylint: disable=line-too-long
                     Descriptor(
                         GATT_CLIENT_CHARACTERISTIC_CONFIGURATION_DESCRIPTOR,
-                        Attribute.READABLE | Attribute.WRITEABLE,
+                        att.Attribute.READABLE | att.Attribute.WRITEABLE,
                         CharacteristicValue(
                             read=lambda connection, characteristic=characteristic: self.read_cccd(
                                 connection, characteristic
@@ -315,11 +280,8 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             self.add_service(service)
 
     def read_cccd(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], characteristic: Characteristic
+        self, connection: Connection, characteristic: Characteristic
     ) -> bytes:
-        if connection is None:
-            return bytes([0, 0])
-
         subscribers = self.subscribers.get(connection.handle)
         cccd = None
         if subscribers:
@@ -362,7 +324,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             indicate_enabled,
         )
 
-    def send_response(self, connection: Connection, response: ATT_PDU) -> None:
+    def send_response(self, connection: Connection, response: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
         logger.debug(
             f'GATT Response from server: [0x{connection.handle:04X}] {response}'
         )
@@ -371,7 +333,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def notify_subscriber(
         self,
         connection: Connection,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute,
         value: Optional[bytes] = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
@@ -403,7 +365,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             value = value[: connection.att_mtu - 3]
 
         # Notify
-        notification = ATT_Handle_Value_Notification(
+        notification = att.ATT_Handle_Value_Notification(
             attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value
         )
         logger.debug(
@@ -414,7 +376,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def indicate_subscriber(
         self,
         connection: Connection,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute,
         value: Optional[bytes] = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
@@ -446,7 +408,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             value = value[: connection.att_mtu - 3]
 
         # Indicate
-        indication = ATT_Handle_Value_Indication(
+        indication = att.ATT_Handle_Value_Indication(
             attribute_handle=attribute.handle, attribute_value=value
         )
         logger.debug(
@@ -474,7 +436,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     async def _notify_or_indicate_subscribers(
         self,
         indicate: bool,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute,
         value: Optional[bytes] = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ) -> None:
@@ -501,7 +463,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     async def notify_subscribers(
         self,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute,
         value: Optional[bytes] = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ):
@@ -511,7 +473,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     async def indicate_subscribers(
         self,
-        attribute: Attribute,
+        attribute: att.Attribute,
         value: Optional[bytes] = None,
         force: bool = False,
     ):
@@ -525,33 +487,33 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         if connection.handle in self.pending_confirmations:
             del self.pending_confirmations[connection.handle]
 
-    def on_gatt_pdu(self, connection: Connection, att_pdu: ATT_PDU) -> None:
+    def on_gatt_pdu(self, connection: Connection, att_pdu: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
         logger.debug(f'GATT Request to server: [0x{connection.handle:04X}] {att_pdu}')
         handler_name = f'on_{att_pdu.name.lower()}'
         handler = getattr(self, handler_name, None)
         if handler is not None:
             try:
                 handler(connection, att_pdu)
-            except ATT_Error as error:
+            except att.ATT_Error as error:
                 logger.debug(f'normal exception returned by handler: {error}')
-                response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=att_pdu.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=error.att_handle,
                     error_code=error.error_code,
                 )
                 self.send_response(connection, response)
-            except Exception as error:
+            except Exception:
-                logger.warning(f'{color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red")} {error}')
+                logger.exception(color("!!! Exception in handler:", "red"))
-                response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=att_pdu.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=0x0000,
-                    error_code=ATT_UNLIKELY_ERROR_ERROR,
+                    error_code=att.ATT_UNLIKELY_ERROR_ERROR,
                 )
                 self.send_response(connection, response)
-                raise error
+                raise
         else:
             # No specific handler registered
-            if att_pdu.op_code in ATT_REQUESTS:
+            if att_pdu.op_code in att.ATT_REQUESTS:
                 # Invoke the generic handler
                 self.on_att_request(connection, att_pdu)
             else:
@@ -567,7 +529,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
     #######################################################
     # ATT handlers
     #######################################################
-    def on_att_request(self, connection: Connection, pdu: ATT_PDU) -> None:
+    def on_att_request(self, connection: Connection, pdu: att.ATT_PDU) -> None:
         '''
         Handler for requests without a more specific handler
         '''
@@ -577,23 +539,25 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
             + str(pdu)
         )
-        response = ATT_Error_Response(
+        response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
             request_opcode_in_error=pdu.op_code,
             attribute_handle_in_error=0x0000,
-            error_code=ATT_REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR,
+            error_code=att.ATT_REQUEST_NOT_SUPPORTED_ERROR,
         )
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
-    def on_att_exchange_mtu_request(self, connection, request):
+    def on_att_exchange_mtu_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Exchange_MTU_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.2.1 Exchange MTU Request
         '''
         self.send_response(
-            connection, ATT_Exchange_MTU_Response(server_rx_mtu=self.max_mtu)
+            connection, att.ATT_Exchange_MTU_Response(server_rx_mtu=self.max_mtu)
         )
 
         # Compute the final MTU
-        if request.client_rx_mtu >= ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
+        if request.client_rx_mtu >= att.ATT_DEFAULT_MTU:
             mtu = min(self.max_mtu, request.client_rx_mtu)
 
             # Notify the device
@@ -601,11 +565,14 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         else:
             logger.warning('invalid client_rx_mtu received, MTU not changed')
 
-    def on_att_find_information_request(self, connection, request):
+    def on_att_find_information_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Find_Information_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.1 Find Information Request
         '''
 
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         # Check the request parameters
         if (
             request.starting_handle == 0
@@ -613,17 +580,17 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         ):
             self.send_response(
                 connection,
-                ATT_Error_Response(
+                att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-                    error_code=ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
+                    error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
                 ),
             )
             return
 
         # Build list of returned attributes
         pdu_space_available = connection.att_mtu - 2
-        attributes = []
+        attributes: list[att.Attribute] = []
         uuid_size = 0
         for attribute in (
             attribute
@@ -653,21 +620,23 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                 struct.pack('<H', attribute.handle) + attribute.type.to_pdu_bytes()
                 for attribute in attributes
             ]
-            response = ATT_Find_Information_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Find_Information_Response(
                 format=1 if len(attributes[0].type.to_pdu_bytes()) == 2 else 2,
                 information_data=b''.join(information_data_list),
             )
         else:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
             )
 
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_find_by_type_value_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_find_by_type_value_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.3.3 Find By Type Value Request
         '''
@@ -675,6 +644,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         # Build list of returned attributes
         pdu_space_available = connection.att_mtu - 2
         attributes = []
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         async for attribute in (
             attribute
             for attribute in self.attributes
@@ -707,33 +677,35 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                 handles_information_list.append(
                     struct.pack('<HH', attribute.handle, group_end_handle)
                 )
-            response = ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Find_By_Type_Value_Response(
                 handles_information_list=b''.join(handles_information_list)
             )
         else:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
             )
 
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_read_by_type_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_read_by_type_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.1 Read By Type Request
         '''
 
         pdu_space_available = connection.att_mtu - 2
 
-        response = ATT_Error_Response(
+        response: att.ATT_PDU = att.ATT_Error_Response(
             request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
             attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-            error_code=ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
+            error_code=att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
         )
 
-        attributes = []
+        attributes: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = []
         for attribute in (
             attribute
             for attribute in self.attributes
@@ -744,11 +716,11 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         ):
             try:
                 attribute_value = await attribute.read_value(connection)
-            except ATT_Error as error:
+            except att.ATT_Error as error:
                 # If the first attribute is unreadable, return an error
                 # Otherwise return attributes up to this point
                 if not attributes:
-                    response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                    response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                         request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                         attribute_handle_in_error=attribute.handle,
                         error_code=error.error_code,
@@ -777,7 +749,7 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
             attribute_data_list = [
                 struct.pack('<H', handle) + value for handle, value in attributes
             ]
-            response = ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Read_By_Type_Response(
                 length=entry_size, attribute_data_list=b''.join(attribute_data_list)
             )
         else:
@@ -786,95 +758,104 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_read_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_read_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Read_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.3 Read Request
         '''
 
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         if attribute := self.get_attribute(request.attribute_handle):
             try:
                 value = await attribute.read_value(connection)
-            except ATT_Error as error:
+            except att.ATT_Error as error:
-                response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
                     error_code=error.error_code,
                 )
             else:
                 value_size = min(connection.att_mtu - 1, len(value))
-                response = ATT_Read_Response(attribute_value=value[:value_size])
+                response = att.ATT_Read_Response(attribute_value=value[:value_size])
         else:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
             )
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_read_blob_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_read_blob_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Read_Blob_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.5 Read Blob Request
         '''
 
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         if attribute := self.get_attribute(request.attribute_handle):
             try:
                 value = await attribute.read_value(connection)
-            except ATT_Error as error:
+            except att.ATT_Error as error:
-                response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
                     error_code=error.error_code,
                 )
             else:
                 if request.value_offset > len(value):
-                    response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                    response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                         request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                         attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                        error_code=ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
+                        error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_OFFSET_ERROR,
                     )
                 elif len(value) <= connection.att_mtu - 1:
-                    response = ATT_Error_Response(
+                    response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                         request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                         attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                        error_code=ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
+                        error_code=att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_LONG_ERROR,
                     )
                 else:
                     part_size = min(
                         connection.att_mtu - 1, len(value) - request.value_offset
                     )
-                    response = ATT_Read_Blob_Response(
+                    response = att.ATT_Read_Blob_Response(
                         part_attribute_value=value[
                             request.value_offset : request.value_offset + part_size
                         ]
                     )
         else:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
             )
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_read_by_group_type_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_read_by_group_type_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.4.9 Read by Group Type Request
         '''
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         if request.attribute_group_type not in (
             GATT_PRIMARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
             GATT_SECONDARY_SERVICE_ATTRIBUTE_TYPE,
         ):
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_UNSUPPORTED_GROUP_TYPE_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_UNSUPPORTED_GROUP_TYPE_ERROR,
             )
             self.send_response(connection, response)
             return
 
         pdu_space_available = connection.att_mtu - 2
-        attributes = []
+        attributes: list[tuple[int, int, bytes]] = []
         for attribute in (
             attribute
             for attribute in self.attributes
@@ -911,21 +892,23 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
                 struct.pack('<HH', handle, end_group_handle) + value
                 for handle, end_group_handle, value in attributes
             ]
-            response = ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Read_By_Group_Type_Response(
                 length=len(attribute_data_list[0]),
                 attribute_data_list=b''.join(attribute_data_list),
             )
         else:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.starting_handle,
-                error_code=ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
+                error_code=att.ATT_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_FOUND_ERROR,
             )
 
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_write_request(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_write_request(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Write_Request
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.1 Write Request
         '''
@@ -935,10 +918,10 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         if attribute is None:
             self.send_response(
                 connection,
-                ATT_Error_Response(
+                att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                    error_code=ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
+                    error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_HANDLE_ERROR,
                 ),
             )
             return
@@ -949,30 +932,33 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         if len(request.attribute_value) > GATT_MAX_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE_SIZE:
             self.send_response(
                 connection,
-                ATT_Error_Response(
+                att.ATT_Error_Response(
                     request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                     attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
-                    error_code=ATT_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH_ERROR,
+                    error_code=att.ATT_INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_LENGTH_ERROR,
                 ),
             )
             return
 
+        response: att.ATT_PDU
         try:
             # Accept the value
             await attribute.write_value(connection, request.attribute_value)
-        except ATT_Error as error:
+        except att.ATT_Error as error:
-            response = ATT_Error_Response(
+            response = att.ATT_Error_Response(
                 request_opcode_in_error=request.op_code,
                 attribute_handle_in_error=request.attribute_handle,
                 error_code=error.error_code,
             )
         else:
             # Done
-            response = ATT_Write_Response()
+            response = att.ATT_Write_Response()
         self.send_response(connection, response)
 
     @utils.AsyncRunner.run_in_task()
-    async def on_att_write_command(self, connection, request):
+    async def on_att_write_command(
+        self, connection: Connection, request: att.ATT_Write_Command
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.5.3 Write Command
         '''
@@ -991,18 +977,25 @@ class Server(utils.EventEmitter):
         # Accept the value
         try:
             await attribute.write_value(connection, request.attribute_value)
-        except Exception as error:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.exception(f'!!! ignoring exception: {error}')
+            logger.exception('!!! ignoring exception')
 
-    def on_att_handle_value_confirmation(self, connection, _confirmation):
+    def on_att_handle_value_confirmation(
+        self,
+        connection: Connection,
+        confirmation: att.ATT_Handle_Value_Confirmation,
+    ):
         '''
         See Bluetooth spec Vol 3, Part F - 3.4.7.3 Handle Value Confirmation
         '''
-        if self.pending_confirmations[connection.handle] is None:
+        del confirmation  # Unused.
+        if (
+            pending_confirmation := self.pending_confirmations[connection.handle]
+        ) is None:
             # Not expected!
             logger.warning(
                 '!!! unexpected confirmation, there is no pending indication'
             )
             return
 
-        self.pending_confirmations[connection.handle].set_result(None)
+        pending_confirmation.set_result(None)

bumble/helpers.py

@@ -17,44 +17,36 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
 import datetime
-from typing import cast, Any, Optional
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Callable, MutableMapping
+from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
-from bumble import avc
+from bumble import avc, avctp, avdtp, avrcp, crypto, rfcomm, sdp
-from bumble import avctp
-from bumble import avdtp
-from bumble import avrcp
-from bumble import crypto
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import sdp
-from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.att import ATT_CID, ATT_PDU
-from bumble.smp import SMP_CID, SMP_Command
+from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import name_or_number
-from bumble.l2cap import (
-    L2CAP_PDU,
-    L2CAP_CONNECTION_REQUEST,
-    L2CAP_CONNECTION_RESPONSE,
-    L2CAP_SIGNALING_CID,
-    L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID,
-    L2CAP_Control_Frame,
-    L2CAP_Connection_Request,
-    L2CAP_Connection_Response,
-)
 from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    HCI_EVENT_PACKET,
     HCI_ACL_DATA_PACKET,
     HCI_DISCONNECTION_COMPLETE_EVENT,
-    HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler,
+    HCI_EVENT_PACKET,
-    HCI_Packet,
+    Address,
-    HCI_Event,
     HCI_AclDataPacket,
+    HCI_AclDataPacketAssembler,
     HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event,
+    HCI_Event,
+    HCI_Packet,
 )
-
+from bumble.l2cap import (
+    L2CAP_LE_SIGNALING_CID,
+    L2CAP_PDU,
+    L2CAP_SIGNALING_CID,
+    CommandCode,
+    L2CAP_Connection_Request,
+    L2CAP_Connection_Response,
+    L2CAP_Control_Frame,
+)
+from bumble.smp import SMP_CID, SMP_Command
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -106,14 +98,14 @@ class PacketTracer:
                 self.analyzer.emit(control_frame)
 
                 # Check if this signals a new channel
-                if control_frame.code == L2CAP_CONNECTION_REQUEST:
+                if control_frame.code == CommandCode.L2CAP_CONNECTION_REQUEST:
                     connection_request = cast(L2CAP_Connection_Request, control_frame)
                     self.psms[connection_request.source_cid] = connection_request.psm
-                elif control_frame.code == L2CAP_CONNECTION_RESPONSE:
+                elif control_frame.code == CommandCode.L2CAP_CONNECTION_RESPONSE:
                     connection_response = cast(L2CAP_Connection_Response, control_frame)
                     if (
                         connection_response.result
-                        == L2CAP_Connection_Response.CONNECTION_SUCCESSFUL
+                        == L2CAP_Connection_Response.Result.CONNECTION_SUCCESSFUL
                     ):
                         if self.peer and (
                             psm := self.peer.psms.get(connection_response.source_cid)

bumble/hfp.py

@@ -17,50 +17,34 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import asyncio
 import collections
 import collections.abc
-import logging
-import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-import traceback
+import logging
 import re
-from typing import (
+import traceback
-    Dict,
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ClassVar, Iterable, Optional, Union
-    List,
+
-    Union,
-    Set,
-    Any,
-    Optional,
-    Type,
-    Tuple,
-    ClassVar,
-    Iterable,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble import at
+from bumble import at, device, rfcomm, sdp, utils
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import rfcomm
-from bumble import sdp
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.core import (
-    ProtocolError,
     BT_GENERIC_AUDIO_SERVICE,
-    BT_HANDSFREE_SERVICE,
     BT_HANDSFREE_AUDIO_GATEWAY_SERVICE,
+    BT_HANDSFREE_SERVICE,
     BT_L2CAP_PROTOCOL_ID,
     BT_RFCOMM_PROTOCOL_ID,
+    ProtocolError,
 )
 from bumble.hci import (
-    HCI_Enhanced_Setup_Synchronous_Connection_Command,
-    CodingFormat,
     CodecID,
+    CodingFormat,
+    HCI_Enhanced_Setup_Synchronous_Connection_Command,
 )
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -375,7 +359,7 @@ class CallLineIdentification:
     cli_validity: Optional[int] = None
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_from(cls: Type[Self], parameters: List[bytes]) -> Self:
+    def parse_from(cls, parameters: list[bytes]) -> Self:
         return cls(
             number=parameters[0].decode(),
             type=int(parameters[1]),
@@ -505,9 +489,9 @@ STATUS_CODES = {
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
 class HfConfiguration:
-    supported_hf_features: List[HfFeature]
+    supported_hf_features: list[HfFeature]
-    supported_hf_indicators: List[HfIndicator]
+    supported_hf_indicators: list[HfIndicator]
-    supported_audio_codecs: List[AudioCodec]
+    supported_audio_codecs: list[AudioCodec]
 
 
 @dataclasses.dataclass
@@ -535,7 +519,7 @@ class AtResponse:
     parameters: list
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_from(cls: Type[Self], buffer: bytearray) -> Self:
+    def parse_from(cls: type[Self], buffer: bytearray) -> Self:
         code_and_parameters = buffer.split(b':')
         parameters = (
             code_and_parameters[1] if len(code_and_parameters) > 1 else bytearray()
@@ -563,7 +547,7 @@ class AtCommand:
     )
 
     @classmethod
-    def parse_from(cls: Type[Self], buffer: bytearray) -> Self:
+    def parse_from(cls: type[Self], buffer: bytearray) -> Self:
         if not (match := cls._PARSE_PATTERN.fullmatch(buffer.decode())):
             if buffer.startswith(b'ATA'):
                 return cls(code='A', sub_code=AtCommand.SubCode.NONE, parameters=[])
@@ -598,7 +582,7 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
     """
 
     indicator: AgIndicator
-    supported_values: Set[int]
+    supported_values: set[int]
     current_status: int
     index: Optional[int] = None
     enabled: bool = True
@@ -616,14 +600,14 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
         return f'(\"{self.indicator.value}\",{supported_values_text})'
 
     @classmethod
-    def call(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def call(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default call indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.CALL, supported_values={0, 1}, current_status=0
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def callsetup(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def callsetup(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default callsetup indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.CALL_SETUP,
@@ -632,7 +616,7 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def callheld(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def callheld(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default call indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.CALL_HELD,
@@ -641,14 +625,14 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def service(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def service(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default service indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.SERVICE, supported_values={0, 1}, current_status=0
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def signal(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def signal(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default signal indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.SIGNAL,
@@ -657,14 +641,14 @@ class AgIndicatorState:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def roam(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def roam(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default roam indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.CALL, supported_values={0, 1}, current_status=0
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def battchg(cls: Type[Self]) -> Self:
+    def battchg(cls: type[Self]) -> Self:
         """Default battery charge indicator state."""
         return cls(
             indicator=AgIndicator.BATTERY_CHARGE,
@@ -732,13 +716,13 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         """Termination signal for run() loop."""
 
     supported_hf_features: int
-    supported_audio_codecs: List[AudioCodec]
+    supported_audio_codecs: list[AudioCodec]
 
     supported_ag_features: int
-    supported_ag_call_hold_operations: List[CallHoldOperation]
+    supported_ag_call_hold_operations: list[CallHoldOperation]
 
-    ag_indicators: List[AgIndicatorState]
+    ag_indicators: list[AgIndicatorState]
-    hf_indicators: Dict[HfIndicator, HfIndicatorState]
+    hf_indicators: dict[HfIndicator, HfIndicatorState]
 
     dlc: rfcomm.DLC
     command_lock: asyncio.Lock
@@ -836,7 +820,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         cmd: str,
         timeout: float = 1.0,
         response_type: AtResponseType = AtResponseType.NONE,
-    ) -> Union[None, AtResponse, List[AtResponse]]:
+    ) -> Union[None, AtResponse, list[AtResponse]]:
         """
         Sends an AT command and wait for the peer response.
         Wait for the AT responses sent by the peer, to the status code.
@@ -853,7 +837,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         async with self.command_lock:
             logger.debug(f">>> {cmd}")
             self.dlc.write(cmd + '\r')
-            responses: List[AtResponse] = []
+            responses: list[AtResponse] = []
 
             while True:
                 result = await asyncio.wait_for(
@@ -1073,7 +1057,7 @@ class HfProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
         # code, with the value indicating (call=0).
         await self.execute_command("AT+CHUP")
 
-    async def query_current_calls(self) -> List[CallInfo]:
+    async def query_current_calls(self) -> list[CallInfo]:
         """4.32.1 Query List of Current Calls in AG.
 
         Return:
@@ -1204,27 +1188,27 @@ class AgProtocol(utils.EventEmitter):
     EVENT_MICROPHONE_VOLUME = "microphone_volume"
 
     supported_hf_features: int
-    supported_hf_indicators: Set[HfIndicator]
+    supported_hf_indicators: set[HfIndicator]
-    supported_audio_codecs: List[AudioCodec]
+    supported_audio_codecs: list[AudioCodec]
 
     supported_ag_features: int
-    supported_ag_call_hold_operations: List[CallHoldOperation]
+    supported_ag_call_hold_operations: list[CallHoldOperation]
 
-    ag_indicators: List[AgIndicatorState]
+    ag_indicators: list[AgIndicatorState]
     hf_indicators: collections.OrderedDict[HfIndicator, HfIndicatorState]
 
     dlc: rfcomm.DLC
 
     read_buffer: bytearray
     active_codec: AudioCodec
-    calls: List[CallInfo]
+    calls: list[CallInfo]
 
     indicator_report_enabled: bool
     inband_ringtone_enabled: bool
     cme_error_enabled: bool
     cli_notification_enabled: bool
     call_waiting_enabled: bool
-    _remained_slc_setup_features: Set[HfFeature]
+    _remained_slc_setup_features: set[HfFeature]
 
     def __init__(self, dlc: rfcomm.DLC, configuration: AgConfiguration) -> None:
         super().__init__()
@@ -1694,7 +1678,7 @@ def make_hf_sdp_records(
     rfcomm_channel: int,
     configuration: HfConfiguration,
     version: ProfileVersion = ProfileVersion.V1_8,
-) -> List[sdp.ServiceAttribute]:
+) -> list[sdp.ServiceAttribute]:
     """
     Generates the SDP record for HFP Hands-Free support.
 
@@ -1780,7 +1764,7 @@ def make_ag_sdp_records(
     rfcomm_channel: int,
     configuration: AgConfiguration,
     version: ProfileVersion = ProfileVersion.V1_8,
-) -> List[sdp.ServiceAttribute]:
+) -> list[sdp.ServiceAttribute]:
     """
     Generates the SDP record for HFP Audio-Gateway support.
 
@@ -1860,7 +1844,7 @@ def make_ag_sdp_records(
 
 async def find_hf_sdp_record(
     connection: device.Connection,
-) -> Optional[Tuple[int, ProfileVersion, HfSdpFeature]]:
+) -> Optional[tuple[int, ProfileVersion, HfSdpFeature]]:
     """Searches a Hands-Free SDP record from remote device.
 
     Args:
@@ -1912,7 +1896,7 @@ async def find_hf_sdp_record(
 
 async def find_ag_sdp_record(
     connection: device.Connection,
-) -> Optional[Tuple[int, ProfileVersion, AgSdpFeature]]:
+) -> Optional[tuple[int, ProfileVersion, AgSdpFeature]]:
     """Searches an Audio-Gateway SDP record from remote device.
 
     Args:
@@ -2010,7 +1994,7 @@ class EscoParameters:
     transmit_codec_frame_size: int = 60
     receive_codec_frame_size: int = 60
 
-    def asdict(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    def asdict(self) -> dict[str, Any]:
         # dataclasses.asdict() will recursively deep-copy the entire object,
         # which is expensive and breaks CodingFormat object, so let it simply copy here.
         return self.__dict__

bumble/hid.py

@@ -16,22 +16,20 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-import logging
-import enum
-import struct
 
+import enum
+import logging
+import struct
 from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
-from typing import Optional, Callable
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Callable, Optional
+
 from typing_extensions import override
 
-from bumble import l2cap
+from bumble import device, l2cap, utils
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidStateError, ProtocolError
 from bumble.hci import Address
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -219,33 +217,41 @@ class HID(ABC, utils.EventEmitter):
         self.role = role
 
         # Register ourselves with the L2CAP channel manager
-        device.register_l2cap_server(HID_CONTROL_PSM, self.on_l2cap_connection)
+        device.create_l2cap_server(
-        device.register_l2cap_server(HID_INTERRUPT_PSM, self.on_l2cap_connection)
+            l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_CONTROL_PSM), self.on_l2cap_connection
+        )
+        device.create_l2cap_server(
+            l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_INTERRUPT_PSM), self.on_l2cap_connection
+        )
 
         device.on(device.EVENT_CONNECTION, self.on_device_connection)
 
     async def connect_control_channel(self) -> None:
+        if not self.connection:
+            raise InvalidStateError("Connection is not established!")
         # Create a new L2CAP connection - control channel
         try:
-            channel = await self.device.l2cap_channel_manager.connect(
+            channel = await self.connection.create_l2cap_channel(
-                self.connection, HID_CONTROL_PSM
+                l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_CONTROL_PSM)
             )
             channel.sink = self.on_ctrl_pdu
             self.l2cap_ctrl_channel = channel
         except ProtocolError:
-            logging.exception(f'L2CAP connection failed.')
+            logging.exception('L2CAP connection failed.')
             raise
 
     async def connect_interrupt_channel(self) -> None:
+        if not self.connection:
+            raise InvalidStateError("Connection is not established!")
         # Create a new L2CAP connection - interrupt channel
         try:
-            channel = await self.device.l2cap_channel_manager.connect(
+            channel = await self.connection.create_l2cap_channel(
-                self.connection, HID_INTERRUPT_PSM
+                l2cap.ClassicChannelSpec(HID_CONTROL_PSM)
             )
             channel.sink = self.on_intr_pdu
             self.l2cap_intr_channel = channel
         except ProtocolError:
-            logging.exception(f'L2CAP connection failed.')
+            logging.exception('L2CAP connection failed.')
             raise
 
     async def disconnect_interrupt_channel(self) -> None:

bumble/host.py

@@ -16,37 +16,19 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import collections
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Awaitable, Callable, Optional, Union, cast
 
-from typing import (
+from bumble import drivers, hci, utils
-    Any,
-    Awaitable,
-    Callable,
-    Deque,
-    Dict,
-    Optional,
-    Set,
-    cast,
-    TYPE_CHECKING,
-)
-
-
 from bumble.colors import color
+from bumble.core import ConnectionPHY, InvalidStateError, PhysicalTransport
 from bumble.l2cap import L2CAP_PDU
 from bumble.snoop import Snooper
-from bumble import drivers
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    ConnectionPHY,
-    ConnectionParameters,
-)
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.transport.common import TransportLostError
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
@@ -75,6 +57,11 @@ class DataPacketQueue(utils.EventEmitter):
 
     max_packet_size: int
 
+    class PerConnectionState:
+        def __init__(self) -> None:
+            self.in_flight = 0
+            self.drained = asyncio.Event()
+
     def __init__(
         self,
         max_packet_size: int,
@@ -85,11 +72,16 @@ class DataPacketQueue(utils.EventEmitter):
         self.max_packet_size = max_packet_size
         self.max_in_flight = max_in_flight
         self._in_flight = 0  # Total number of packets in flight across all connections
-        self._in_flight_per_connection: dict[int, int] = collections.defaultdict(
+        self._connection_state: dict[int, DataPacketQueue.PerConnectionState] = (
-            int
+            collections.defaultdict(DataPacketQueue.PerConnectionState)
-        )  # Number of packets in flight per connection
+        )
+        self._drained_per_connection: dict[int, asyncio.Event] = (
+            collections.defaultdict(asyncio.Event)
+        )
         self._send = send
-        self._packets: Deque[tuple[hci.HCI_Packet, int]] = collections.deque()
+        self._packets: collections.deque[tuple[hci.HCI_Packet, int]] = (
+            collections.deque()
+        )
         self._queued = 0
         self._completed = 0
 
@@ -137,36 +129,40 @@ class DataPacketQueue(utils.EventEmitter):
             self._completed += flushed_count
             self._packets = collections.deque(packets_to_keep)
 
-        if connection_handle in self._in_flight_per_connection:
+        if connection_state := self._connection_state.pop(connection_handle, None):
-            in_flight = self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle]
+            in_flight = connection_state.in_flight
             self._completed += in_flight
             self._in_flight -= in_flight
-            del self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle]
+            connection_state.drained.set()
 
     def _check_queue(self) -> None:
         while self._packets and self._in_flight < self.max_in_flight:
             packet, connection_handle = self._packets.pop()
             self._send(packet)
             self._in_flight += 1
-            self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle] += 1
+            connection_state = self._connection_state[connection_handle]
+            connection_state.in_flight += 1
+            connection_state.drained.clear()
 
     def on_packets_completed(self, packet_count: int, connection_handle: int) -> None:
         """Mark one or more packets associated with a connection as completed."""
-        if connection_handle not in self._in_flight_per_connection:
+        if connection_handle not in self._connection_state:
             logger.warning(
                 f'received completion for unknown connection {connection_handle}'
             )
             return
 
-        in_flight_for_connection = self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle]
+        connection_state = self._connection_state[connection_handle]
-        if packet_count <= in_flight_for_connection:
+        if packet_count <= connection_state.in_flight:
-            self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle] -= packet_count
+            connection_state.in_flight -= packet_count
         else:
             logger.warning(
                 f'{packet_count} completed for {connection_handle} '
-                f'but only {in_flight_for_connection} in flight'
+                f'but only {connection_state.in_flight} in flight'
             )
-            self._in_flight_per_connection[connection_handle] = 0
+            connection_state.in_flight = 0
+        if connection_state.in_flight == 0:
+            connection_state.drained.set()
 
         if packet_count <= self._in_flight:
             self._in_flight -= packet_count
@@ -181,6 +177,13 @@ class DataPacketQueue(utils.EventEmitter):
         self._check_queue()
         self.emit('flow')
 
+    async def drain(self, connection_handle: int) -> None:
+        """Wait until there are no pending packets for a connection."""
+        if not (connection_state := self._connection_state.get(connection_handle)):
+            raise ValueError('no such connection')
+
+        await connection_state.drained.wait()
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Connection:
@@ -234,16 +237,16 @@ class IsoLink:
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
-    connections: Dict[int, Connection]
+    connections: dict[int, Connection]
-    cis_links: Dict[int, IsoLink]
+    cis_links: dict[int, IsoLink]
-    bis_links: Dict[int, IsoLink]
+    bis_links: dict[int, IsoLink]
-    sco_links: Dict[int, ScoLink]
+    sco_links: dict[int, ScoLink]
     bigs: dict[int, set[int]]
     acl_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
     le_acl_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
     iso_packet_queue: Optional[DataPacketQueue] = None
     hci_sink: Optional[TransportSink] = None
-    hci_metadata: Dict[str, Any]
+    hci_metadata: dict[str, Any]
     long_term_key_provider: Optional[
         Callable[[int, bytes, int], Awaitable[Optional[bytes]]]
     ]
@@ -547,7 +550,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             logger.debug(
                 'HCI LE flow control: '
                 f'le_acl_data_packet_length={le_acl_data_packet_length},'
-                f'total_num_le_acl_data_packets={total_num_le_acl_data_packets}'
+                f'total_num_le_acl_data_packets={total_num_le_acl_data_packets},'
                 f'iso_data_packet_length={iso_data_packet_length},'
                 f'total_num_iso_data_packets={total_num_iso_data_packets}'
             )
@@ -690,11 +693,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                         raise hci.HCI_Error(status)
 
                 return response
-            except Exception as error:
+            except Exception:
-                logger.exception(
+                logger.exception(color("!!! Exception while sending command:", "red"))
-                    f'{color("!!! Exception while sending command:", "red")} {error}'
+                raise
-                )
-                raise error
             finally:
                 self.pending_command = None
                 self.pending_response = None
@@ -813,7 +814,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         ) != 0
 
     @property
-    def supported_commands(self) -> Set[int]:
+    def supported_commands(self) -> set[int]:
         return set(
             op_code
             for op_code, mask in hci.HCI_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS_MASKS.items()
@@ -836,8 +837,8 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     def on_packet(self, packet: bytes) -> None:
         try:
             hci_packet = hci.HCI_Packet.from_bytes(packet)
-        except Exception as error:
+        except Exception:
-            logger.warning(f'!!! error parsing packet from bytes: {error}')
+            logger.exception('!!! error parsing packet from bytes')
             return
 
         if self.ready or (
@@ -901,10 +902,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     def on_l2cap_pdu(self, connection: Connection, cid: int, pdu: bytes) -> None:
         self.emit('l2cap_pdu', connection.handle, cid, pdu)
 
-    def on_command_processed(self, event):
+    def on_command_processed(
+        self, event: Union[hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event, hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event]
+    ):
         if self.pending_response:
             # Check that it is what we were expecting
-            if self.pending_command.op_code != event.command_opcode:
+            if self.pending_command is None:
+                logger.warning('!!! pending_command is None ')
+            elif self.pending_command.op_code != event.command_opcode:
                 logger.warning(
                     '!!! command result mismatch, expected '
                     f'0x{self.pending_command.op_code:X} but got '
@@ -918,10 +923,10 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
     ############################################################
     # HCI handlers
     ############################################################
-    def on_hci_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Event):
         logger.warning(f'{color(f"--- Ignoring event {event}", "red")}')
 
-    def on_hci_command_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_command_complete_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Command_Complete_Event):
         if event.command_opcode == 0:
             # This is used just for the Num_HCI_Command_Packets field, not related to
             # an actual command
@@ -930,7 +935,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         return self.on_command_processed(event)
 
-    def on_hci_command_status_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_command_status_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Command_Status_Event):
         return self.on_command_processed(event)
 
     def on_hci_number_of_completed_packets_event(
@@ -950,7 +955,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 )
 
     # Classic only
-    def on_hci_connection_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_connection_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Connection_Request_Event):
         # Notify the listeners
         self.emit(
             'connection_request',
@@ -959,7 +964,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.link_type,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(
+        self,
+        event: Union[
+            hci.HCI_LE_Connection_Complete_Event,
+            hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_Event,
+            hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event,
+        ],
+    ):
         # Check if this is a cancellation
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
@@ -979,20 +991,16 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 self.connections[event.connection_handle] = connection
 
             # Notify the client
-            connection_parameters = ConnectionParameters(
-                event.connection_interval,
-                event.peripheral_latency,
-                event.supervision_timeout,
-            )
             self.emit(
-                'connection',
+                'le_connection',
                 event.connection_handle,
-                PhysicalTransport.LE,
                 event.peer_address,
                 getattr(event, 'local_resolvable_private_address', None),
                 getattr(event, 'peer_resolvable_private_address', None),
                 hci.Role(event.role),
-                connection_parameters,
+                event.connection_interval,
+                event.peripheral_latency,
+                event.supervision_timeout,
             )
         else:
             logger.debug(f'### CONNECTION FAILED: {event.status}')
@@ -1005,15 +1013,25 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(
+        self,
+        event: Union[
+            hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_Event,
+            hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event,
+        ],
+    ):
         # Just use the same implementation as for the non-enhanced event for now
         self.on_hci_le_connection_complete_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_v2_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_v2_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Enhanced_Connection_Complete_V2_Event
+    ):
         # Just use the same implementation as for the v1 event for now
         self.on_hci_le_enhanced_connection_complete_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_connection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Connection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
             logger.debug(
@@ -1033,14 +1051,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
             # Notify the client
             self.emit(
-                'connection',
+                'classic_connection',
                 event.connection_handle,
-                PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR,
                 event.bd_addr,
-                None,
-                None,
-                None,
-                None,
             )
         else:
             logger.debug(f'### BR/EDR CONNECTION FAILED: {event.status}')
@@ -1053,7 +1066,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_disconnection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_disconnection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Disconnection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Find the connection
         handle = event.connection_handle
         if (
@@ -1092,27 +1107,30 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             # Notify the listeners
             self.emit('disconnection_failure', handle, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_le_connection_update_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_connection_update_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Connection_Update_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! CONNECTION PARAMETERS UPDATE COMPLETE: unknown handle')
             return
 
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
-            connection_parameters = ConnectionParameters(
+            self.emit(
+                'connection_parameters_update',
+                connection.handle,
                 event.connection_interval,
                 event.peripheral_latency,
                 event.supervision_timeout,
             )
-            self.emit(
-                'connection_parameters_update', connection.handle, connection_parameters
-            )
         else:
             self.emit(
                 'connection_parameters_update_failure', connection.handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_phy_update_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_phy_update_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_PHY_Update_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! CONNECTION PHY UPDATE COMPLETE: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1127,14 +1145,24 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         else:
             self.emit('connection_phy_update_failure', connection.handle, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_le_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_advertising_report_event(
+        self,
+        event: (
+            hci.HCI_LE_Advertising_Report_Event
+            | hci.HCI_LE_Extended_Advertising_Report_Event
+        ),
+    ):
         for report in event.reports:
             self.emit('advertising_report', report)
 
-    def on_hci_le_extended_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_extended_advertising_report_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Extended_Advertising_Report_Event
+    ):
         self.on_hci_le_advertising_report_event(event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_advertising_set_terminated_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_advertising_set_terminated_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Advertising_Set_Terminated_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'advertising_set_termination',
             event.status,
@@ -1143,7 +1171,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.num_completed_extended_advertising_events,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_established_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Established_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_establishment',
             event.status,
@@ -1155,16 +1185,22 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_lost_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_lost_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Lost_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('periodic_advertising_sync_loss', event.sync_handle)
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_report_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Report_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('periodic_advertising_report', event.sync_handle, event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_biginfo_advertising_report_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_biginfo_advertising_report_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIGInfo_Advertising_Report_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('biginfo_advertising_report', event.sync_handle, event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cis_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cis_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CIS_Request_Event):
         self.emit(
             'cis_request',
             event.acl_connection_handle,
@@ -1173,10 +1209,12 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.cis_id,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_create_big_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_create_big_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Create_BIG_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.bigs[event.big_handle] = set(event.connection_handle)
         if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
-            logger.warning("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+            raise InvalidStateError("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
 
         for connection_handle in event.connection_handle:
             self.bis_links[connection_handle] = IsoLink(
@@ -1199,8 +1237,13 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.iso_interval,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_big_sync_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_big_sync_established_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIG_Sync_Established_Event
+    ):
         self.bigs[event.big_handle] = set(event.connection_handle)
+        if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
+            raise InvalidStateError("BIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+
         for connection_handle in event.connection_handle:
             self.bis_links[connection_handle] = IsoLink(
                 connection_handle, self.iso_packet_queue
@@ -1220,15 +1263,19 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.connection_handle,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_big_sync_lost_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_big_sync_lost_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_BIG_Sync_Lost_Event):
         self.remove_big(event.big_handle)
         self.emit('big_sync_lost', event.big_handle, event.reason)
 
-    def on_hci_le_terminate_big_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_terminate_big_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Terminate_BIG_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.remove_big(event.big_handle)
         self.emit('big_termination', event.reason, event.big_handle)
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Transfer_Received_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_transfer',
             event.status,
@@ -1241,7 +1288,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_v2_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_periodic_advertising_sync_transfer_received_v2_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Periodic_Advertising_Sync_Transfer_Received_V2_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'periodic_advertising_sync_transfer',
             event.status,
@@ -1254,21 +1303,40 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.advertiser_clock_accuracy,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_cis_established_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cis_established_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CIS_Established_Event):
         # The remaining parameters are unused for now.
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             if self.iso_packet_queue is None:
-                logger.warning("CIS established but ISO packets not supported")
+                raise InvalidStateError("CIS established but ISO packets not supported")
             self.cis_links[event.connection_handle] = IsoLink(
                 handle=event.connection_handle, packet_queue=self.iso_packet_queue
             )
-            self.emit('cis_establishment', event.connection_handle)
+            self.emit(
+                'cis_establishment',
+                event.connection_handle,
+                event.cig_sync_delay,
+                event.cis_sync_delay,
+                event.transport_latency_c_to_p,
+                event.transport_latency_p_to_c,
+                event.phy_c_to_p,
+                event.phy_p_to_c,
+                event.nse,
+                event.bn_c_to_p,
+                event.bn_p_to_c,
+                event.ft_c_to_p,
+                event.ft_p_to_c,
+                event.max_pdu_c_to_p,
+                event.max_pdu_p_to_c,
+                event.iso_interval,
+            )
         else:
             self.emit(
                 'cis_establishment_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_remote_connection_parameter_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_remote_connection_parameter_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Remote_Connection_Parameter_Request_Event
+    ):
         if event.connection_handle not in self.connections:
             logger.warning('!!! REMOTE CONNECTION PARAMETER REQUEST: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1287,7 +1355,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_long_term_key_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_long_term_key_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Long_Term_Key_Request_Event
+    ):
         if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
             logger.warning('!!! LE LONG TERM KEY REQUEST: unknown handle')
             return
@@ -1321,7 +1391,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         asyncio.create_task(send_long_term_key())
 
-    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             # Create/update the connection
             logger.debug(
@@ -1347,10 +1419,21 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             # Notify the client
             self.emit('sco_connection_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_changed_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_synchronous_connection_changed_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Synchronous_Connection_Changed_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_role_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_mode_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Mode_Change_Event):
+        self.emit(
+            'mode_change',
+            event.connection_handle,
+            event.status,
+            event.current_mode,
+            event.interval,
+        )
+
+    def on_hci_role_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Role_Change_Event):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             logger.debug(
                 f'role change for {event.bd_addr}: '
@@ -1364,7 +1447,13 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             )
             self.emit('role_change_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_le_data_length_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_data_length_change_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Data_Length_Change_Event
+    ):
+        if (connection := self.connections.get(event.connection_handle)) is None:
+            logger.warning('!!! DATA LENGTH CHANGE: unknown handle')
+            return
+
         self.emit(
             'connection_data_length_change',
             event.connection_handle,
@@ -1374,7 +1463,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.max_rx_time,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_authentication_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_authentication_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Authentication_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('connection_authentication', event.connection_handle)
@@ -1385,7 +1476,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_encryption_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_encryption_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Encryption_Change_Event):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
@@ -1399,7 +1490,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 'connection_encryption_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_encryption_change_v2_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_encryption_change_v2_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Encryption_Change_V2_Event
+    ):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
@@ -1413,7 +1506,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 'connection_encryption_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
             )
 
-    def on_hci_encryption_key_refresh_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_encryption_key_refresh_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Encryption_Key_Refresh_Complete_Event
+    ):
         # Notify the client
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('connection_encryption_key_refresh', event.connection_handle)
@@ -1424,7 +1519,7 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_qos_setup_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_qos_setup_complete_event(self, event: hci.HCI_QOS_Setup_Complete_Event):
         if event.status == hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
                 'connection_qos_setup', event.connection_handle, event.service_type
@@ -1436,23 +1531,31 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 event.status,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_link_supervision_timeout_changed_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_supervision_timeout_changed_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Supervision_Timeout_Changed_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_max_slots_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_max_slots_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Max_Slots_Change_Event):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_page_scan_repetition_mode_change_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_page_scan_repetition_mode_change_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Page_Scan_Repetition_Mode_Change_Event
+    ):
         pass
 
-    def on_hci_link_key_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_key_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Key_Notification_Event
+    ):
         logger.debug(
             f'link key for {event.bd_addr}: {event.link_key.hex()}, '
             f'type={hci.HCI_Constant.link_key_type_name(event.key_type)}'
         )
         self.emit('link_key', event.bd_addr, event.link_key, event.key_type)
 
-    def on_hci_simple_pairing_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_simple_pairing_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Simple_Pairing_Complete_Event
+    ):
         logger.debug(
             f'simple pairing complete for {event.bd_addr}: '
             f'status={hci.HCI_Constant.status_name(event.status)}'
@@ -1462,10 +1565,10 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
         else:
             self.emit('classic_pairing_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
 
-    def on_hci_pin_code_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_pin_code_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_PIN_Code_Request_Event):
         self.emit('pin_code_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_link_key_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_link_key_request_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Link_Key_Request_Event):
         async def send_link_key():
             if self.link_key_provider is None:
                 logger.debug('no link key provider')
@@ -1490,10 +1593,14 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
         asyncio.create_task(send_link_key())
 
-    def on_hci_io_capability_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_io_capability_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_IO_Capability_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('authentication_io_capability_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_io_capability_response_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_io_capability_response_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_IO_Capability_Response_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_io_capability_response',
             event.bd_addr,
@@ -1501,35 +1608,47 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.authentication_requirements,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_user_confirmation_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_confirmation_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Confirmation_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_user_confirmation_request',
             event.bd_addr,
             event.numeric_value,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_user_passkey_request_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_passkey_request_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Passkey_Request_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('authentication_user_passkey_request', event.bd_addr)
 
-    def on_hci_user_passkey_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_user_passkey_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_User_Passkey_Notification_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'authentication_user_passkey_notification', event.bd_addr, event.passkey
         )
 
-    def on_hci_inquiry_complete_event(self, _event):
+    def on_hci_inquiry_complete_event(self, _event: hci.HCI_Inquiry_Complete_Event):
         self.emit('inquiry_complete')
 
-    def on_hci_inquiry_result_with_rssi_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_inquiry_result_with_rssi_event(
-        for response in event.responses:
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Inquiry_Result_With_RSSI_Event
+    ):
+        for bd_addr, class_of_device, rssi in zip(
+            event.bd_addr, event.class_of_device, event.rssi
+        ):
             self.emit(
                 'inquiry_result',
-                response.bd_addr,
+                bd_addr,
-                response.class_of_device,
+                class_of_device,
                 b'',
-                response.rssi,
+                rssi,
             )
 
-    def on_hci_extended_inquiry_result_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_extended_inquiry_result_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Extended_Inquiry_Result_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'inquiry_result',
             event.bd_addr,
@@ -1538,7 +1657,9 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
             event.rssi,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_remote_name_request_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_remote_name_request_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Remote_Name_Request_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit('remote_name_failure', event.bd_addr, event.status)
         else:
@@ -1549,14 +1670,18 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
 
             self.emit('remote_name', event.bd_addr, utf8_name)
 
-    def on_hci_remote_host_supported_features_notification_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_remote_host_supported_features_notification_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_Remote_Host_Supported_Features_Notification_Event
+    ):
         self.emit(
             'remote_host_supported_features',
             event.bd_addr,
             event.host_supported_features,
         )
 
-    def on_hci_le_read_remote_features_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_read_remote_features_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Read_Remote_Features_Complete_Event
+    ):
         if event.status != hci.HCI_SUCCESS:
             self.emit(
                 'le_remote_features_failure', event.connection_handle, event.status
@@ -1568,23 +1693,45 @@ class Host(utils.EventEmitter):
                 int.from_bytes(event.le_features, 'little'),
             )
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_read_remote_supported_capabilities_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_read_remote_supported_capabilities_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Read_Remote_Supported_Capabilities_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_remote_supported_capabilities', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_security_enable_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_security_enable_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Security_Enable_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_security', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_config_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_config_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Config_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_config', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_procedure_enable_complete_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_procedure_enable_complete_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Procedure_Enable_Complete_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_procedure', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Subevent_Result_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_subevent_result', event)
 
-    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_continue_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_cs_subevent_result_continue_event(
+        self, event: hci.HCI_LE_CS_Subevent_Result_Continue_Event
+    ):
         self.emit('cs_subevent_result_continue', event)
 
-    def on_hci_vendor_event(self, event):
+    def on_hci_le_subrate_change_event(self, event: hci.HCI_LE_Subrate_Change_Event):
+        self.emit(
+            'le_subrate_change',
+            event.connection_handle,
+            event.subrate_factor,
+            event.peripheral_latency,
+            event.continuation_number,
+            event.supervision_timeout,
+        )
+
+    def on_hci_vendor_event(self, event: hci.HCI_Vendor_Event):
         self.emit('vendor_event', event)

bumble/keys.py

@@ -21,16 +21,18 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
+import json
 import logging
 import os
-import json
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple, Type, Any
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble import hci
+from bumble.colors import color
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble.device import Device
@@ -157,7 +159,7 @@ class KeyStore:
     async def get(self, _name: str) -> Optional[PairingKeys]:
         return None
 
-    async def get_all(self) -> List[Tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:
+    async def get_all(self) -> list[tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:
         return []
 
     async def delete_all(self) -> None:
@@ -272,7 +274,7 @@ class JsonKeyStore(KeyStore):
 
     @classmethod
     def from_device(
-        cls: Type[Self], device: Device, filename: Optional[str] = None
+        cls: type[Self], device: Device, filename: Optional[str] = None
     ) -> Self:
         if not filename:
             # Extract the filename from the config if there is one
@@ -356,7 +358,7 @@ class JsonKeyStore(KeyStore):
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class MemoryKeyStore(KeyStore):
-    all_keys: Dict[str, PairingKeys]
+    all_keys: dict[str, PairingKeys]
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self.all_keys = {}
@@ -371,5 +373,5 @@ class MemoryKeyStore(KeyStore):
     async def get(self, name: str) -> Optional[PairingKeys]:
         return self.all_keys.get(name)
 
-    async def get_all(self) -> List[Tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:
+    async def get_all(self) -> list[tuple[str, PairingKeys]]:
         return list(self.all_keys.items())

bumble/link.py

@@ -12,31 +12,24 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 
+import asyncio
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
-import asyncio
+from typing import Optional
-from functools import partial
 
-from bumble.core import (
+from bumble import controller, core
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    InvalidStateError,
-)
-from bumble.colors import color
 from bumble.hci import (
-    Address,
-    Role,
-    HCI_SUCCESS,
     HCI_CONNECTION_ACCEPT_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
     HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
+    HCI_SUCCESS,
+    HCI_UNKNOWN_CONNECTION_IDENTIFIER_ERROR,
+    Address,
     HCI_Connection_Complete_Event,
+    Role,
 )
-from bumble import controller
-
-from typing import Optional, Set
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -65,7 +58,7 @@ class LocalLink:
     Link bus for controllers to communicate with each other
     '''
 
-    controllers: Set[controller.Controller]
+    controllers: set[controller.Controller]
 
     def __init__(self):
         self.controllers = set()
@@ -115,10 +108,10 @@ class LocalLink:
 
     def send_acl_data(self, sender_controller, destination_address, transport, data):
         # Send the data to the first controller with a matching address
-        if transport == PhysicalTransport.LE:
+        if transport == core.PhysicalTransport.LE:
             destination_controller = self.find_controller(destination_address)
             source_address = sender_controller.random_address
-        elif transport == PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR:
+        elif transport == core.PhysicalTransport.BR_EDR:
             destination_controller = self.find_classic_controller(destination_address)
             source_address = sender_controller.public_address
         else:
@@ -165,29 +158,29 @@ class LocalLink:
         asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_connection_complete)
 
     def on_disconnection_complete(
-        self, central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command
+        self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command
     ):
         # Find the controller that initiated the disconnection
-        if not (central_controller := self.find_controller(central_address)):
+        if not (initiating_controller := self.find_controller(initiating_address)):
             logger.warning('!!! Initiating controller not found')
             return
 
         # Disconnect from the first controller with a matching address
-        if peripheral_controller := self.find_controller(peripheral_address):
+        if target_controller := self.find_controller(target_address):
-            peripheral_controller.on_link_central_disconnected(
+            target_controller.on_link_disconnected(
-                central_address, disconnect_command.reason
+                initiating_address, disconnect_command.reason
             )
 
-        central_controller.on_link_peripheral_disconnection_complete(
+        initiating_controller.on_link_disconnection_complete(
             disconnect_command, HCI_SUCCESS
         )
 
-    def disconnect(self, central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command):
+    def disconnect(self, initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command):
         logger.debug(
-            f'$$$ DISCONNECTION {central_address} -> '
+            f'$$$ DISCONNECTION {initiating_address} -> '
-            f'{peripheral_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
+            f'{target_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
         )
-        args = [central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command]
+        args = [initiating_address, target_address, disconnect_command]
         asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(self.on_disconnection_complete, *args)
 
     # pylint: disable=too-many-arguments
@@ -274,7 +267,7 @@ class LocalLink:
 
         responder_controller.on_classic_connection_request(
             initiator_controller.public_address,
-            HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.ACL_LINK_TYPE,
+            HCI_Connection_Complete_Event.LinkType.ACL,
         )
 
     def classic_accept_connection(
@@ -384,261 +377,3 @@ class LocalLink:
         responder_controller.on_classic_sco_connection_complete(
             initiator_controller.public_address, HCI_SUCCESS, link_type
         )
-
-
-# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-class RemoteLink:
-    '''
-    A Link implementation that communicates with other virtual controllers via a
-    WebSocket relay
-    '''
-
-    def __init__(self, uri):
-        self.controller = None
-        self.uri = uri
-        self.execution_queue = asyncio.Queue()
-        self.websocket = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
-        self.rpc_result = None
-        self.pending_connection = None
-        self.central_connections = set()  # List of addresses that we have connected to
-        self.peripheral_connections = (
-            set()
-        )  # List of addresses that have connected to us
-
-        # Connect and run asynchronously
-        asyncio.create_task(self.run_connection())
-        asyncio.create_task(self.run_executor_loop())
-
-    def add_controller(self, controller):
-        if self.controller:
-            raise InvalidStateError('controller already set')
-        self.controller = controller
-
-    def remove_controller(self, controller):
-        if self.controller != controller:
-            raise InvalidStateError('controller mismatch')
-        self.controller = None
-
-    def get_pending_connection(self):
-        return self.pending_connection
-
-    def get_pending_classic_connection(self):
-        return self.pending_classic_connection
-
-    async def wait_until_connected(self):
-        await self.websocket
-
-    def execute(self, async_function):
-        self.execution_queue.put_nowait(async_function())
-
-    async def run_executor_loop(self):
-        logger.debug('executor loop starting')
-        while True:
-            item = await self.execution_queue.get()
-            try:
-                await item
-            except Exception as error:
-                logger.warning(
-                    f'{color("!!! Exception in async handler:", "red")} {error}'
-                )
-
-    async def run_connection(self):
-        import websockets  # lazy import
-
-        # Connect to the relay
-        logger.debug(f'connecting to {self.uri}')
-        # pylint: disable-next=no-member
-        websocket = await websockets.connect(self.uri)
-        self.websocket.set_result(websocket)
-        logger.debug(f'connected to {self.uri}')
-
-        while True:
-            message = await websocket.recv()
-            logger.debug(f'received message: {message}')
-            keyword, *payload = message.split(':', 1)
-
-            handler_name = f'on_{keyword}_received'
-            handler = getattr(self, handler_name, None)
-            if handler:
-                await handler(payload[0] if payload else None)
-
-    def close(self):
-        if self.websocket.done():
-            logger.debug('closing websocket')
-            websocket = self.websocket.result()
-            asyncio.create_task(websocket.close())
-
-    async def on_result_received(self, result):
-        if self.rpc_result:
-            self.rpc_result.set_result(result)
-
-    async def on_left_received(self, address):
-        if address in self.central_connections:
-            self.controller.on_link_peripheral_disconnected(Address(address))
-            self.central_connections.remove(address)
-
-        if address in self.peripheral_connections:
-            self.controller.on_link_central_disconnected(
-                address, HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR
-            )
-            self.peripheral_connections.remove(address)
-
-    async def on_unreachable_received(self, target):
-        await self.on_left_received(target)
-
-    async def on_message_received(self, message):
-        sender, *payload = message.split('/', 1)
-        if payload:
-            keyword, *payload = payload[0].split(':', 1)
-            handler_name = f'on_{keyword}_message_received'
-            handler = getattr(self, handler_name, None)
-            if handler:
-                await handler(sender, payload[0] if payload else None)
-
-    async def on_advertisement_message_received(self, sender, advertisement):
-        try:
-            self.controller.on_link_advertising_data(
-                Address(sender), bytes.fromhex(advertisement)
-            )
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception('exception')
-
-    async def on_acl_message_received(self, sender, acl_data):
-        try:
-            self.controller.on_link_acl_data(Address(sender), bytes.fromhex(acl_data))
-        except Exception:
-            logger.exception('exception')
-
-    async def on_connect_message_received(self, sender, _):
-        # Remember the connection
-        self.peripheral_connections.add(sender)
-
-        # Notify the controller
-        logger.debug(f'connection from central {sender}')
-        self.controller.on_link_central_connected(Address(sender))
-
-        # Accept the connection by responding to it
-        await self.send_targeted_message(sender, 'connected')
-
-    async def on_connected_message_received(self, sender, _):
-        if not self.pending_connection:
-            logger.warning('received a connection ack, but no connection is pending')
-            return
-
-        # Remember the connection
-        self.central_connections.add(sender)
-
-        # Notify the controller
-        logger.debug(f'connected to peripheral {self.pending_connection.peer_address}')
-        self.controller.on_link_peripheral_connection_complete(
-            self.pending_connection, HCI_SUCCESS
-        )
-
-    async def on_disconnect_message_received(self, sender, message):
-        # Notify the controller
-        params = parse_parameters(message)
-        reason = int(params.get('reason', str(HCI_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT_ERROR)))
-        self.controller.on_link_central_disconnected(Address(sender), reason)
-
-        # Forget the connection
-        if sender in self.peripheral_connections:
-            self.peripheral_connections.remove(sender)
-
-    async def on_encrypted_message_received(self, sender, _):
-        # TODO parse params to get real args
-        self.controller.on_link_encrypted(Address(sender), bytes(8), 0, bytes(16))
-
-    async def send_rpc_command(self, command):
-        # Ensure we have a connection
-        websocket = await self.websocket
-
-        # Create a future value to hold the eventual result
-        assert self.rpc_result is None
-        self.rpc_result = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()
-
-        # Send the command
-        await websocket.send(command)
-
-        # Wait for the result
-        rpc_result = await self.rpc_result
-        self.rpc_result = None
-        logger.debug(f'rpc_result: {rpc_result}')
-
-        # TODO: parse the result
-
-    async def send_targeted_message(self, target, message):
-        # Ensure we have a connection
-        websocket = await self.websocket
-
-        # Send the message
-        await websocket.send(f'@{target} {message}')
-
-    async def notify_address_changed(self):
-        await self.send_rpc_command(f'/set-address {self.controller.random_address}')
-
-    def on_address_changed(self, controller):
-        logger.info(f'address changed for {controller}: {controller.random_address}')
-
-        # Notify the relay of the change
-        self.execute(self.notify_address_changed)
-
-    async def send_advertising_data_to_relay(self, data):
-        await self.send_targeted_message('*', f'advertisement:{data.hex()}')
-
-    def send_advertising_data(self, _, data):
-        self.execute(partial(self.send_advertising_data_to_relay, data))
-
-    async def send_acl_data_to_relay(self, peer_address, data):
-        await self.send_targeted_message(peer_address, f'acl:{data.hex()}')
-
-    def send_acl_data(self, _, peer_address, _transport, data):
-        # TODO: handle different transport
-        self.execute(partial(self.send_acl_data_to_relay, peer_address, data))
-
-    async def send_connection_request_to_relay(self, peer_address):
-        await self.send_targeted_message(peer_address, 'connect')
-
-    def connect(self, _, le_create_connection_command):
-        if self.pending_connection:
-            logger.warning('connection already pending')
-            return
-        self.pending_connection = le_create_connection_command
-        self.execute(
-            partial(
-                self.send_connection_request_to_relay,
-                str(le_create_connection_command.peer_address),
-            )
-        )
-
-    def on_disconnection_complete(self, disconnect_command):
-        self.controller.on_link_peripheral_disconnection_complete(
-            disconnect_command, HCI_SUCCESS
-        )
-
-    def disconnect(self, central_address, peripheral_address, disconnect_command):
-        logger.debug(
-            f'disconnect {central_address} -> '
-            f'{peripheral_address}: reason = {disconnect_command.reason}'
-        )
-        self.execute(
-            partial(
-                self.send_targeted_message,
-                peripheral_address,
-                f'disconnect:reason={disconnect_command.reason}',
-            )
-        )
-        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-            self.on_disconnection_complete, disconnect_command
-        )
-
-    def on_connection_encrypted(self, _, peripheral_address, rand, ediv, ltk):
-        asyncio.get_running_loop().call_soon(
-            self.controller.on_link_encrypted, peripheral_address, rand, ediv, ltk
-        )
-        self.execute(
-            partial(
-                self.send_targeted_message,
-                peripheral_address,
-                f'encrypted:ltk={ltk.hex()}',
-            )
-        )

bumble/logging.py

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+import functools
+import logging
+import os
+
+from bumble import colors
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class ColorFormatter(logging.Formatter):
+    _colorizers = {
+        logging.DEBUG: functools.partial(colors.color, fg="white"),
+        logging.INFO: functools.partial(colors.color, fg="green"),
+        logging.WARNING: functools.partial(colors.color, fg="yellow"),
+        logging.ERROR: functools.partial(colors.color, fg="red"),
+        logging.CRITICAL: functools.partial(colors.color, fg="black", bg="red"),
+    }
+
+    _formatters = {
+        level: logging.Formatter(
+            fmt=colorizer("{asctime}.{msecs:03.0f} {levelname:.1} {name}: ")
+            + "{message}",
+            datefmt="%H:%M:%S",
+            style="{",
+        )
+        for level, colorizer in _colorizers.items()
+    }
+
+    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        return self._formatters[record.levelno].format(record)
+
+
+def setup_basic_logging(default_level: str = "INFO") -> None:
+    """
+    Set up basic logging with logging.basicConfig, configured with a simple formatter
+    that prints out the date and log level in color.
+    If the BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL environment variable is set to the name of a log level, it
+    is used. Otherwise the default_level argument is used.
+
+    Args:
+      default_level: default logging level
+
+    """
+    handler = logging.StreamHandler()
+    handler.setFormatter(ColorFormatter())
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=os.environ.get("BUMBLE_LOGLEVEL", default_level).upper(),
+        handlers=[handler],
+    )

bumble/pairing.py

@@ -16,32 +16,28 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-import enum
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
-from bumble.hci import (
+import enum
-    Address,
+import secrets
-    HCI_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
+from dataclasses import dataclass
-    HCI_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+from typing import Optional
-    HCI_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY,
+
-    HCI_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+from bumble import hci
-)
+from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 from bumble.smp import (
-    SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
-    SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY,
-    SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_ENC_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
     SMP_ID_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
-    SMP_SIGN_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
+    SMP_KEYBOARD_DISPLAY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+    SMP_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
     SMP_LINK_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
+    SMP_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
+    SMP_SIGN_KEY_DISTRIBUTION_FLAG,
     OobContext,
     OobLegacyContext,
     OobSharedData,
 )
-from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -49,7 +45,7 @@ from bumble.core import AdvertisingData, LeRole
 class OobData:
     """OOB data that can be sent from one device to another."""
 
-    address: Optional[Address] = None
+    address: Optional[hci.Address] = None
     role: Optional[LeRole] = None
     shared_data: Optional[OobSharedData] = None
     legacy_context: Optional[OobLegacyContext] = None
@@ -61,7 +57,7 @@ class OobData:
         shared_data_r: Optional[bytes] = None
         for ad_type, ad_data in ad.ad_structures:
             if ad_type == AdvertisingData.LE_BLUETOOTH_DEVICE_ADDRESS:
-                instance.address = Address(ad_data)
+                instance.address = hci.Address(ad_data)
             elif ad_type == AdvertisingData.LE_ROLE:
                 instance.role = LeRole(ad_data[0])
             elif ad_type == AdvertisingData.LE_SECURE_CONNECTIONS_CONFIRMATION_VALUE:
@@ -129,11 +125,11 @@ class PairingDelegate:
     # Default mapping from abstract to Classic I/O capabilities.
     # Subclasses may override this if they prefer a different mapping.
     CLASSIC_IO_CAPABILITIES_MAP = {
-        NO_OUTPUT_NO_INPUT: HCI_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY,
+        NO_OUTPUT_NO_INPUT: hci.IoCapability.NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT,
-        KEYBOARD_INPUT_ONLY: HCI_KEYBOARD_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+        KEYBOARD_INPUT_ONLY: hci.IoCapability.KEYBOARD_ONLY,
-        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_ONLY: HCI_DISPLAY_ONLY_IO_CAPABILITY,
+        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_ONLY: hci.IoCapability.DISPLAY_ONLY,
-        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_AND_YES_NO_INPUT: HCI_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY,
+        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_AND_YES_NO_INPUT: hci.IoCapability.DISPLAY_YES_NO,
-        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_AND_KEYBOARD_INPUT: HCI_DISPLAY_YES_NO_IO_CAPABILITY,
+        DISPLAY_OUTPUT_AND_KEYBOARD_INPUT: hci.IoCapability.DISPLAY_YES_NO,
     }
 
     io_capability: IoCapability
@@ -159,7 +155,7 @@ class PairingDelegate:
 
         # pylint: disable=line-too-long
         return self.CLASSIC_IO_CAPABILITIES_MAP.get(
-            self.io_capability, HCI_NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT_IO_CAPABILITY
+            self.io_capability, hci.IoCapability.NO_INPUT_NO_OUTPUT
         )
 
     @property
@@ -205,7 +201,7 @@ class PairingDelegate:
     # [LE only]
     async def key_distribution_response(
         self, peer_initiator_key_distribution: int, peer_responder_key_distribution: int
-    ) -> Tuple[int, int]:
+    ) -> tuple[int, int]:
         """
         Return the key distribution response in an SMP protocol context.
 
@@ -222,14 +218,22 @@ class PairingDelegate:
             ),
         )
 
+    async def generate_passkey(self) -> int:
+        """
+        Return a passkey value between 0 and 999999 (inclusive).
+        """
+
+        # By default, generate a random passkey.
+        return secrets.randbelow(1000000)
+
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 class PairingConfig:
     """Configuration for the Pairing protocol."""
 
     class AddressType(enum.IntEnum):
-        PUBLIC = Address.PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+        PUBLIC = hci.Address.PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS
-        RANDOM = Address.RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS
+        RANDOM = hci.Address.RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS
 
     @dataclass
     class OobConfig:

bumble/pandora/__init__.py

@@ -19,21 +19,22 @@ This module implement the Pandora Bluetooth test APIs for the Bumble stack.
 
 __version__ = "0.0.1"
 
+from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
 import grpc
 import grpc.aio
-
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.pandora.device import PandoraDevice
-from bumble.pandora.host import HostService
-from bumble.pandora.l2cap import L2CAPService
-from bumble.pandora.security import SecurityService, SecurityStorageService
 from pandora.host_grpc_aio import add_HostServicer_to_server
 from pandora.l2cap_grpc_aio import add_L2CAPServicer_to_server
 from pandora.security_grpc_aio import (
     add_SecurityServicer_to_server,
     add_SecurityStorageServicer_to_server,
 )
-from typing import Callable, List, Optional
+
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
+from bumble.pandora.device import PandoraDevice
+from bumble.pandora.host import HostService
+from bumble.pandora.l2cap import L2CAPService
+from bumble.pandora.security import SecurityService, SecurityStorageService
 
 # public symbols
 __all__ = [
@@ -45,11 +46,11 @@ __all__ = [
 
 
 # Add servicers hooks.
-_SERVICERS_HOOKS: List[Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None]] = []
+_SERVICERS_HOOKS: list[Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None]] = []
 
 
 def register_servicer_hook(
-    hook: Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None]
+    hook: Callable[[PandoraDevice, Config, grpc.aio.Server], None],
 ) -> None:
     _SERVICERS_HOOKS.append(hook)
 

bumble/pandora/config.py

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
+
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Dict
+from typing import Any
+
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate
 
 
 @dataclass
@@ -32,7 +34,7 @@ class Config:
         PairingDelegate.DEFAULT_KEY_DISTRIBUTION
     )
 
-    def load_from_dict(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def load_from_dict(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         io_capability_name: str = config.get(
             'io_capability', 'no_output_no_input'
         ).upper()

bumble/pandora/device.py

@@ -15,6 +15,9 @@
 """Generic & dependency free Bumble (reference) device."""
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Optional
+
 from bumble import transport
 from bumble.core import (
     BT_GENERIC_AUDIO_SERVICE,
@@ -32,8 +35,6 @@ from bumble.sdp import (
     DataElement,
     ServiceAttribute,
 )
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
-
 
 # Default rootcanal HCI TCP address
 ROOTCANAL_HCI_ADDRESS = "localhost:6402"
@@ -49,13 +50,13 @@ class PandoraDevice:
 
     # Bumble device instance & configuration.
     device: Device
-    config: Dict[str, Any]
+    config: dict[str, Any]
 
     # HCI transport name & instance.
     _hci_name: str
     _hci: Optional[transport.Transport]  # type: ignore[name-defined]
 
-    def __init__(self, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> None:
+    def __init__(self, config: dict[str, Any]) -> None:
         self.config = config
         self.device = _make_device(config)
         self._hci_name = config.get(
@@ -95,14 +96,14 @@ class PandoraDevice:
         await self.close()
         await self.open()
 
-    def info(self) -> Optional[Dict[str, str]]:
+    def info(self) -> Optional[dict[str, str]]:
         return {
             'public_bd_address': str(self.device.public_address),
             'random_address': str(self.device.random_address),
         }
 
 
-def _make_device(config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Device:
+def _make_device(config: dict[str, Any]) -> Device:
     """Initialize an idle Bumble device instance."""
 
     # initialize bumble device.
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ def _make_device(config: Dict[str, Any]) -> Device:
 
 
 # TODO(b/267540823): remove when Pandora A2dp is supported
-def _make_sdp_records(rfcomm_channel: int) -> Dict[int, List[ServiceAttribute]]:
+def _make_sdp_records(rfcomm_channel: int) -> dict[int, list[ServiceAttribute]]:
     return {
         0x00010001: [
             ServiceAttribute(

bumble/pandora/host.py

@@ -13,51 +13,23 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import bumble.device
-import grpc
-import grpc.aio
 import logging
 import struct
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional, cast
 
-import bumble.utils
+import grpc
-from bumble.pandora import utils
+import grpc.aio
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    UUID,
-    AdvertisingData,
-    Appearance,
-    ConnectionError,
-)
-from bumble.device import (
-    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_INTERVAL,
-    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
-    Advertisement,
-    AdvertisingParameters,
-    AdvertisingEventProperties,
-    AdvertisingType,
-    Device,
-)
-from bumble.gatt import Service
-from bumble.hci import (
-    HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR,
-    HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
-    HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
-    Address,
-    Phy,
-    Role,
-    OwnAddressType,
-)
 from google.protobuf import any_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from google.protobuf import empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from pandora.host_grpc_aio import HostServicer
 from pandora import host_pb2
+from pandora.host_grpc_aio import HostServicer
 from pandora.host_pb2 import (
+    DISCOVERABLE_GENERAL,
+    DISCOVERABLE_LIMITED,
     NOT_CONNECTABLE,
     NOT_DISCOVERABLE,
-    DISCOVERABLE_LIMITED,
-    DISCOVERABLE_GENERAL,
     PRIMARY_1M,
     PRIMARY_CODED,
     SECONDARY_1M,
@@ -73,7 +45,6 @@ from pandora.host_pb2 import (
     ConnectResponse,
     DataTypes,
     DisconnectRequest,
-    DiscoverabilityMode,
     InquiryResponse,
     PrimaryPhy,
     ReadLocalAddressResponse,
@@ -86,9 +57,39 @@ from pandora.host_pb2 import (
     WaitConnectionResponse,
     WaitDisconnectionRequest,
 )
-from typing import AsyncGenerator, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, cast
 
-PRIMARY_PHY_MAP: Dict[int, PrimaryPhy] = {
+import bumble.device
+import bumble.utils
+from bumble.core import (
+    UUID,
+    AdvertisingData,
+    Appearance,
+    ConnectionError,
+    PhysicalTransport,
+)
+from bumble.device import (
+    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_INTERVAL,
+    DEVICE_DEFAULT_SCAN_WINDOW,
+    Advertisement,
+    AdvertisingEventProperties,
+    AdvertisingParameters,
+    AdvertisingType,
+    Device,
+)
+from bumble.gatt import Service
+from bumble.hci import (
+    HCI_CONNECTION_ALREADY_EXISTS_ERROR,
+    HCI_PAGE_TIMEOUT_ERROR,
+    HCI_REMOTE_USER_TERMINATED_CONNECTION_ERROR,
+    Address,
+    OwnAddressType,
+    Phy,
+    Role,
+)
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
+
+PRIMARY_PHY_MAP: dict[int, PrimaryPhy] = {
     # Default value reported by Bumble for legacy Advertising reports.
     # FIXME(uael): `None` might be a better value, but Bumble need to change accordingly.
     0: PRIMARY_1M,
@@ -96,26 +97,26 @@ PRIMARY_PHY_MAP: Dict[int, PrimaryPhy] = {
     3: PRIMARY_CODED,
 }
 
-SECONDARY_PHY_MAP: Dict[int, SecondaryPhy] = {
+SECONDARY_PHY_MAP: dict[int, SecondaryPhy] = {
     0: SECONDARY_NONE,
     1: SECONDARY_1M,
     2: SECONDARY_2M,
     3: SECONDARY_CODED,
 }
 
-PRIMARY_PHY_TO_BUMBLE_PHY_MAP: Dict[PrimaryPhy, Phy] = {
+PRIMARY_PHY_TO_BUMBLE_PHY_MAP: dict[PrimaryPhy, Phy] = {
     PRIMARY_1M: Phy.LE_1M,
     PRIMARY_CODED: Phy.LE_CODED,
 }
 
-SECONDARY_PHY_TO_BUMBLE_PHY_MAP: Dict[SecondaryPhy, Phy] = {
+SECONDARY_PHY_TO_BUMBLE_PHY_MAP: dict[SecondaryPhy, Phy] = {
     SECONDARY_NONE: Phy.LE_1M,
     SECONDARY_1M: Phy.LE_1M,
     SECONDARY_2M: Phy.LE_2M,
     SECONDARY_CODED: Phy.LE_CODED,
 }
 
-OWN_ADDRESS_MAP: Dict[host_pb2.OwnAddressType, OwnAddressType] = {
+OWN_ADDRESS_MAP: dict[host_pb2.OwnAddressType, OwnAddressType] = {
     host_pb2.PUBLIC: OwnAddressType.PUBLIC,
     host_pb2.RANDOM: OwnAddressType.RANDOM,
     host_pb2.RESOLVABLE_OR_PUBLIC: OwnAddressType.RESOLVABLE_OR_PUBLIC,
@@ -124,7 +125,7 @@ OWN_ADDRESS_MAP: Dict[host_pb2.OwnAddressType, OwnAddressType] = {
 
 
 class HostService(HostServicer):
-    waited_connections: Set[int]
+    waited_connections: set[int]
 
     def __init__(
         self, grpc_server: grpc.aio.Server, device: Device, config: Config
@@ -618,7 +619,7 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
         self.log.debug('Inquiry')
 
         inquiry_queue: asyncio.Queue[
-            Optional[Tuple[Address, int, AdvertisingData, int]]
+            Optional[tuple[Address, int, AdvertisingData, int]]
         ] = asyncio.Queue()
         complete_handler = self.device.on(
             self.device.EVENT_INQUIRY_COMPLETE, lambda: inquiry_queue.put_nowait(None)
@@ -670,10 +671,10 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
         return empty_pb2.Empty()
 
     def unpack_data_types(self, dt: DataTypes) -> AdvertisingData:
-        ad_structures: List[Tuple[int, bytes]] = []
+        ad_structures: list[tuple[int, bytes]] = []
 
-        uuids: List[str]
+        uuids: list[str]
-        datas: Dict[str, bytes]
+        datas: dict[str, bytes]
 
         def uuid128_from_str(uuid: str) -> bytes:
             """Decode a 128-bit uuid encoded as XXXXXXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXXX
@@ -887,50 +888,50 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
 
     def pack_data_types(self, ad: AdvertisingData) -> DataTypes:
         dt = DataTypes()
-        uuids: List[UUID]
+        uuids: list[UUID]
         s: str
         i: int
-        ij: Tuple[int, int]
+        ij: tuple[int, int]
-        uuid_data: Tuple[UUID, bytes]
+        uuid_data: tuple[UUID, bytes]
         data: bytes
 
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.incomplete_service_class_uuids16.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.complete_service_class_uuids16.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_32_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.incomplete_service_class_uuids32.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LIST_OF_32_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.complete_service_class_uuids32.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.INCOMPLETE_LIST_OF_128_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.incomplete_service_class_uuids128.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.COMPLETE_LIST_OF_128_BIT_SERVICE_CLASS_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.complete_service_class_uuids128.extend(
@@ -945,42 +946,42 @@ class HostService(HostServicer):
         if i := cast(int, ad.get(AdvertisingData.CLASS_OF_DEVICE)):
             dt.class_of_device = i
         if ij := cast(
-            Tuple[int, int],
+            tuple[int, int],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.PERIPHERAL_CONNECTION_INTERVAL_RANGE),
         ):
             dt.peripheral_connection_interval_min = ij[0]
             dt.peripheral_connection_interval_max = ij[1]
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.LIST_OF_16_BIT_SERVICE_SOLICITATION_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.service_solicitation_uuids16.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.LIST_OF_32_BIT_SERVICE_SOLICITATION_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.service_solicitation_uuids32.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuids := cast(
-            List[UUID],
+            list[UUID],
             ad.get(AdvertisingData.LIST_OF_128_BIT_SERVICE_SOLICITATION_UUIDS),
         ):
             dt.service_solicitation_uuids128.extend(
                 list(map(lambda x: x.to_hex_str('-'), uuids))
             )
         if uuid_data := cast(
-            Tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID)
+            tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID)
         ):
             dt.service_data_uuid16[uuid_data[0].to_hex_str('-')] = uuid_data[1]
         if uuid_data := cast(
-            Tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_32_BIT_UUID)
+            tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_32_BIT_UUID)
         ):
             dt.service_data_uuid32[uuid_data[0].to_hex_str('-')] = uuid_data[1]
         if uuid_data := cast(
-            Tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_128_BIT_UUID)
+            tuple[UUID, bytes], ad.get(AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_128_BIT_UUID)
         ):
             dt.service_data_uuid128[uuid_data[0].to_hex_str('-')] = uuid_data[1]
         if data := cast(bytes, ad.get(AdvertisingData.PUBLIC_TARGET_ADDRESS, raw=True)):

bumble/pandora/l2cap.py

@@ -12,31 +12,21 @@
 # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 # limitations under the License.
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
-import grpc
 import json
 import logging
+from asyncio import Future
+from asyncio import Queue as AsyncQueue
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import AsyncGenerator, Optional, Union
 
-from asyncio import Queue as AsyncQueue, Future
+import grpc
-
-from bumble.pandora import utils
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble.core import OutOfResourcesError, InvalidArgumentError
-from bumble.device import Device
-from bumble.l2cap import (
-    ClassicChannel,
-    ClassicChannelServer,
-    ClassicChannelSpec,
-    LeCreditBasedChannel,
-    LeCreditBasedChannelServer,
-    LeCreditBasedChannelSpec,
-)
 from google.protobuf import any_pb2, empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from pandora.l2cap_grpc_aio import L2CAPServicer  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
+from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import COMMAND_NOT_UNDERSTOOD, INVALID_CID_IN_REQUEST
-    COMMAND_NOT_UNDERSTOOD,
+from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import Channel as PandoraChannel  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-    INVALID_CID_IN_REQUEST,
+from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (
-    Channel as PandoraChannel,
     ConnectRequest,
     ConnectResponse,
     CreditBasedChannelRequest,
@@ -51,8 +41,19 @@ from pandora.l2cap_pb2 import (  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
     WaitDisconnectionRequest,
     WaitDisconnectionResponse,
 )
-from typing import AsyncGenerator, Dict, Optional, Union
+
-from dataclasses import dataclass
+from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, OutOfResourcesError
+from bumble.device import Device
+from bumble.l2cap import (
+    ClassicChannel,
+    ClassicChannelServer,
+    ClassicChannelSpec,
+    LeCreditBasedChannel,
+    LeCreditBasedChannelServer,
+    LeCreditBasedChannelSpec,
+)
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
 
 L2capChannel = Union[ClassicChannel, LeCreditBasedChannel]
 
@@ -70,7 +71,7 @@ class L2CAPService(L2CAPServicer):
         )
         self.device = device
         self.config = config
-        self.channels: Dict[bytes, ChannelContext] = {}
+        self.channels: dict[bytes, ChannelContext] = {}
 
     def register_event(self, l2cap_channel: L2capChannel) -> ChannelContext:
         close_future = asyncio.get_running_loop().create_future()

bumble/pandora/security.py

@@ -13,24 +13,14 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import contextlib
-from collections.abc import Awaitable
-import grpc
 import logging
+from collections.abc import Awaitable
+from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Callable, Optional, Union
 
-from bumble.pandora import utils
+import grpc
-from bumble.pandora.config import Config
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble.core import (
-    PhysicalTransport,
-    ProtocolError,
-    InvalidArgumentError,
-)
-import bumble.utils
-from bumble.device import Connection as BumbleConnection, Device
-from bumble.hci import HCI_Error, Role
-from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig, PairingDelegate as BasePairingDelegate
 from google.protobuf import any_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from google.protobuf import empty_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 from google.protobuf import wrappers_pb2  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
@@ -57,7 +47,17 @@ from pandora.security_pb2 import (
     WaitSecurityRequest,
     WaitSecurityResponse,
 )
-from typing import Any, AsyncGenerator, AsyncIterator, Callable, Dict, Optional, Union
+
+import bumble.utils
+from bumble import hci
+from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, PhysicalTransport, ProtocolError
+from bumble.device import Connection as BumbleConnection
+from bumble.device import Device
+from bumble.hci import HCI_Error, Role
+from bumble.pairing import PairingConfig
+from bumble.pairing import PairingDelegate as BasePairingDelegate
+from bumble.pandora import utils
+from bumble.pandora.config import Config
 
 
 class PairingDelegate(BasePairingDelegate):
@@ -244,16 +244,16 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
                 and connection.authenticated
                 and link_key_type
                 in (
-                    hci.HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_192_TYPE,
+                    hci.LinkKeyType.AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_192,
-                    hci.HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256_TYPE,
+                    hci.LinkKeyType.AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256,
                 )
             )
         if level == LEVEL4:
             return (
-                connection.encryption == hci.HCI_Encryption_Change_Event.AES_CCM
+                connection.encryption == hci.HCI_Encryption_Change_Event.Enabled.AES_CCM
                 and connection.authenticated
                 and link_key_type
-                == hci.HCI_AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256_TYPE
+                == hci.LinkKeyType.AUTHENTICATED_COMBINATION_KEY_GENERATED_FROM_P_256
             )
         raise InvalidArgumentError(f"Unexpected level {level}")
 
@@ -457,7 +457,7 @@ class SecurityService(SecurityServicer):
             if self.need_pairing(connection, level):
                 pair_task = asyncio.create_task(connection.pair())
 
-        listeners: Dict[str, Callable[..., Union[None, Awaitable[None]]]] = {
+        listeners: dict[str, Callable[..., Union[None, Awaitable[None]]]] = {
             'disconnection': set_failure('connection_died'),
             'pairing_failure': set_failure('pairing_failure'),
             'connection_authentication_failure': set_failure('authentication_failure'),

bumble/pandora/utils.py

@@ -13,18 +13,20 @@
 # limitations under the License.
 
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import contextlib
 import functools
-import grpc
 import inspect
 import logging
+from typing import Any, Generator, MutableMapping, Optional
+
+import grpc
+from google.protobuf.message import Message  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
 
 from bumble.device import Device
 from bumble.hci import Address, AddressType
-from google.protobuf.message import Message  # pytype: disable=pyi-error
-from typing import Any, Dict, Generator, MutableMapping, Optional, Tuple
 
-ADDRESS_TYPES: Dict[str, AddressType] = {
+ADDRESS_TYPES: dict[str, AddressType] = {
     "public": Address.PUBLIC_DEVICE_ADDRESS,
     "random": Address.RANDOM_DEVICE_ADDRESS,
     "public_identity": Address.PUBLIC_IDENTITY_ADDRESS,
@@ -43,7 +45,7 @@ class BumbleServerLoggerAdapter(logging.LoggerAdapter):  # type: ignore
 
     def process(
         self, msg: str, kwargs: MutableMapping[str, Any]
-    ) -> Tuple[str, MutableMapping[str, Any]]:
+    ) -> tuple[str, MutableMapping[str, Any]]:
         assert self.extra
         service_name = self.extra['service_name']
         assert isinstance(service_name, str)

bumble/profiles/aics.py

@@ -18,26 +18,27 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import logging
 import struct
-
 from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional
 
-from bumble.device import Connection
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
+from bumble.device import Connection
 from bumble.gatt import (
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_SERVICE,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATUS_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     Attribute,
     Characteristic,
-    TemplateService,
     CharacteristicValue,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_SERVICE,
+    TemplateService,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_GAIN_SETTINGS_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_TYPE_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_STATUS_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_AUDIO_INPUT_DESCRIPTION_CHARACTERISTIC,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     CharacteristicProxy,
@@ -48,7 +49,6 @@ from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     UTF8CharacteristicProxyAdapter,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from bumble import utils
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -198,8 +198,7 @@ class AudioInputControlPoint:
     audio_input_state: AudioInputState
     gain_settings_properties: GainSettingsProperties
 
-    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
-        assert connection
 
         opcode = AudioInputControlPointOpCode(value[0])
 
@@ -320,11 +319,10 @@ class AudioInputDescription:
     audio_input_description: str = "Bluetooth"
     attribute: Optional[Attribute] = None
 
-    def on_read(self, _connection: Optional[Connection]) -> str:
+    def on_read(self, _connection: Connection) -> str:
         return self.audio_input_description
 
-    async def on_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: str) -> None:
+    async def on_write(self, connection: Connection, value: str) -> None:
-        assert connection
         assert self.attribute
 
         self.audio_input_description = value

bumble/profiles/ams.py

@@ -0,0 +1,403 @@
+# Copyright 2025 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+"""
+Apple Media Service (AMS).
+"""
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Imports
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import dataclasses
+import enum
+import logging
+from typing import Iterable, Optional, Union
+
+from bumble import utils
+from bumble.device import Peer
+from bumble.gatt import (
+    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_AMS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
+)
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Logging
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Protocol
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class RemoteCommandId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PLAY = 0
+    PAUSE = 1
+    TOGGLE_PLAY_PAUSE = 2
+    NEXT_TRACK = 3
+    PREVIOUS_TRACK = 4
+    VOLUME_UP = 5
+    VOLUME_DOWN = 6
+    ADVANCE_REPEAT_MODE = 7
+    ADVANCE_SHUFFLE_MODE = 8
+    SKIP_FORWARD = 9
+    SKIP_BACKWARD = 10
+    LIKE_TRACK = 11
+    DISLIKE_TRACK = 12
+    BOOKMARK_TRACK = 13
+
+
+class EntityId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PLAYER = 0
+    QUEUE = 1
+    TRACK = 2
+
+
+class ActionId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    POSITIVE = 0
+    NEGATIVE = 1
+
+
+class EntityUpdateFlags(enum.IntFlag):
+    TRUNCATED = 1
+
+
+class PlayerAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    NAME = 0
+    PLAYBACK_INFO = 1
+    VOLUME = 2
+
+
+class QueueAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    INDEX = 0
+    COUNT = 1
+    SHUFFLE_MODE = 2
+    REPEAT_MODE = 3
+
+
+class ShuffleMode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    OFF = 0
+    ONE = 1
+    ALL = 2
+
+
+class RepeatMode(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    OFF = 0
+    ONE = 1
+    ALL = 2
+
+
+class TrackAttributeId(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    ARTIST = 0
+    ALBUM = 1
+    TITLE = 2
+    DURATION = 3
+
+
+class PlaybackState(utils.OpenIntEnum):
+    PAUSED = 0
+    PLAYING = 1
+    REWINDING = 2
+    FAST_FORWARDING = 3
+
+
+@dataclasses.dataclass
+class PlaybackInfo:
+    playback_state: PlaybackState = PlaybackState.PAUSED
+    playback_rate: float = 1.0
+    elapsed_time: float = 0.0
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# GATT Server-side
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class Ams(TemplateService):
+    UUID = GATT_AMS_SERVICE
+
+    remote_command_characteristic: Characteristic
+    entity_update_characteristic: Characteristic
+    entity_attribute_characteristic: Characteristic
+
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.remote_command_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY
+            | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE,
+        )
+
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.entity_update_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.NOTIFY | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE,
+        )
+
+        # TODO not the final implementation
+        self.entity_attribute_characteristic = Characteristic(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+            Characteristic.Properties.READ
+            | Characteristic.Properties.WRITE_WITHOUT_RESPONSE,
+            Characteristic.Permissions.WRITEABLE | Characteristic.Permissions.READABLE,
+        )
+
+        super().__init__(
+            [
+                self.remote_command_characteristic,
+                self.entity_update_characteristic,
+                self.entity_attribute_characteristic,
+            ]
+        )
+
+
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# GATT Client-side
+# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+class AmsProxy(ProfileServiceProxy):
+    SERVICE_CLASS = Ams
+
+    # NOTE: these don't use adapters, because the format for write and notifications
+    # are different.
+    remote_command: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+    entity_update: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+    entity_attribute: CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
+
+    def __init__(self, service_proxy: ServiceProxy):
+        self.remote_command = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_REMOTE_COMMAND_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+        self.entity_update = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_UPDATE_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+        self.entity_attribute = service_proxy.get_required_characteristic_by_uuid(
+            GATT_AMS_ENTITY_ATTRIBUTE_CHARACTERISTIC
+        )
+
+
+class AmsClient(utils.EventEmitter):
+    EVENT_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS = "supported_commands"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_NAME = "player_name"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_INFO = "player_playback_info"
+    EVENT_PLAYER_VOLUME = "player_volume"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT = "queue_count"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_INDEX = "queue_index"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_SHUFFLE_MODE = "queue_shuffle_mode"
+    EVENT_QUEUE_REPEAT_MODE = "queue_repeat_mode"
+    EVENT_TRACK_ARTIST = "track_artist"
+    EVENT_TRACK_ALBUM = "track_album"
+    EVENT_TRACK_TITLE = "track_title"
+    EVENT_TRACK_DURATION = "track_duration"
+
+    supported_commands: set[RemoteCommandId]
+    player_name: str = ""
+    player_playback_info: PlaybackInfo = PlaybackInfo(PlaybackState.PAUSED, 0.0, 0.0)
+    player_volume: float = 1.0
+    queue_count: int = 0
+    queue_index: int = 0
+    queue_shuffle_mode: ShuffleMode = ShuffleMode.OFF
+    queue_repeat_mode: RepeatMode = RepeatMode.OFF
+    track_artist: str = ""
+    track_album: str = ""
+    track_title: str = ""
+    track_duration: float = 0.0
+
+    def __init__(self, ams_proxy: AmsProxy) -> None:
+        super().__init__()
+        self._ams_proxy = ams_proxy
+        self._started = False
+        self._read_attribute_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore()
+        self.supported_commands = set()
+
+    @classmethod
+    async def for_peer(cls, peer: Peer) -> Optional[AmsClient]:
+        ams_proxy = await peer.discover_service_and_create_proxy(AmsProxy)
+        if ams_proxy is None:
+            return None
+        return cls(ams_proxy)
+
+    async def start(self) -> None:
+        logger.debug("subscribing to remote command characteristic")
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.subscribe(
+            self._on_remote_command_notification
+        )
+
+        logger.debug("subscribing to entity update characteristic")
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.subscribe(
+            lambda data: utils.AsyncRunner.spawn(
+                self._on_entity_update_notification(data)
+            )
+        )
+
+        self._started = True
+
+    async def stop(self) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.unsubscribe(
+            self._on_remote_command_notification
+        )
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.unsubscribe(
+            self._on_entity_update_notification
+        )
+        self._started = False
+
+    async def observe(
+        self,
+        entity: EntityId,
+        attributes: Iterable[
+            Union[PlayerAttributeId, QueueAttributeId, TrackAttributeId]
+        ],
+    ) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.entity_update.write_value(
+            bytes([entity] + list(attributes)), with_response=True
+        )
+
+    async def command(self, command: RemoteCommandId) -> None:
+        await self._ams_proxy.remote_command.write_value(
+            bytes([command]), with_response=True
+        )
+
+    async def play(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PLAY)
+
+    async def pause(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PAUSE)
+
+    async def toggle_play_pause(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.TOGGLE_PLAY_PAUSE)
+
+    async def next_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.NEXT_TRACK)
+
+    async def previous_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.PREVIOUS_TRACK)
+
+    async def volume_up(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.VOLUME_UP)
+
+    async def volume_down(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.VOLUME_DOWN)
+
+    async def advance_repeat_mode(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.ADVANCE_REPEAT_MODE)
+
+    async def advance_shuffle_mode(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.ADVANCE_SHUFFLE_MODE)
+
+    async def skip_forward(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.SKIP_FORWARD)
+
+    async def skip_backward(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.SKIP_BACKWARD)
+
+    async def like_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.LIKE_TRACK)
+
+    async def dislike_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.DISLIKE_TRACK)
+
+    async def bookmark_track(self) -> None:
+        await self.command(RemoteCommandId.BOOKMARK_TRACK)
+
+    def _on_remote_command_notification(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        supported_commands = [RemoteCommandId(command) for command in data]
+        logger.debug(
+            f"supported commands: {[command.name for command in supported_commands]}"
+        )
+        for command in supported_commands:
+            self.supported_commands.add(command)
+
+        self.emit(self.EVENT_SUPPORTED_COMMANDS)
+
+    async def _on_entity_update_notification(self, data: bytes) -> None:
+        entity = EntityId(data[0])
+        flags = EntityUpdateFlags(data[2])
+        value = data[3:]
+
+        if flags & EntityUpdateFlags.TRUNCATED:
+            logger.debug("truncated attribute, fetching full value")
+
+            # Write the entity and attribute we're interested in
+            # (protected by a semaphore, so that we only read one attribute at a time)
+            async with self._read_attribute_semaphore:
+                await self._ams_proxy.entity_attribute.write_value(
+                    data[:2], with_response=True
+                )
+                value = await self._ams_proxy.entity_attribute.read_value()
+
+        if entity == EntityId.PLAYER:
+            player_attribute = PlayerAttributeId(data[1])
+            if player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.NAME:
+                self.player_name = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_NAME)
+            elif player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.PLAYBACK_INFO:
+                playback_state_str, playback_rate_str, elapsed_time_str = (
+                    value.decode().split(",")
+                )
+                self.player_playback_info = PlaybackInfo(
+                    PlaybackState(int(playback_state_str)),
+                    float(playback_rate_str),
+                    float(elapsed_time_str),
+                )
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_PLAYBACK_INFO)
+            elif player_attribute == PlayerAttributeId.VOLUME:
+                self.player_volume = float(value.decode())
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_PLAYER_VOLUME)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown player attribute {player_attribute}")
+
+        elif entity == EntityId.QUEUE:
+            queue_attribute = QueueAttributeId(data[1])
+            if queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.COUNT:
+                self.queue_count = int(value)
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_COUNT)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.INDEX:
+                self.queue_index = int(value)
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_INDEX)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.REPEAT_MODE:
+                self.queue_repeat_mode = RepeatMode(int(value))
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_REPEAT_MODE)
+            elif queue_attribute == QueueAttributeId.SHUFFLE_MODE:
+                self.queue_shuffle_mode = ShuffleMode(int(value))
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_QUEUE_SHUFFLE_MODE)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown queue attribute {queue_attribute}")
+
+        elif entity == EntityId.TRACK:
+            track_attribute = TrackAttributeId(data[1])
+            if track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.ARTIST:
+                self.track_artist = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_ARTIST)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.ALBUM:
+                self.track_album = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_ALBUM)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.TITLE:
+                self.track_title = value.decode()
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_TITLE)
+            elif track_attribute == TrackAttributeId.DURATION:
+                self.track_duration = float(value.decode())
+                self.emit(self.EVENT_TRACK_DURATION)
+            else:
+                logger.warning(f"received unknown track attribute {track_attribute}")
+
+        else:
+            logger.warning(f"received unknown attribute ID {data[1]}")

bumble/profiles/ancs.py

@@ -20,6 +20,7 @@ Apple Notification Center Service (ANCS).
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import datetime
@@ -28,21 +29,19 @@ import logging
 import struct
 from typing import Optional, Sequence, Union
 
-
+from bumble import utils
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
 from bumble.device import Peer
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_ANCS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_ANCS_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_ANCS_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_ANCS_DATA_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_ANCS_NOTIFICATION_SOURCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_ANCS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
     TemplateService,
 )
-from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import SerializableCharacteristicProxyAdapter
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants

bumble/profiles/ascs.py

@@ -19,18 +19,16 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import enum
+import functools
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Sequence, Tuple, Type, Union
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Optional, TypeVar, Union
 
-from bumble import utils
+from bumble import colors, device, gatt, gatt_client, hci, utils
-from bumble import colors
-from bumble.profiles.bap import CodecSpecificConfiguration
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
-from bumble import device
+from bumble.profiles.bap import CodecSpecificConfiguration
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -48,11 +46,11 @@ class ASE_Operation:
     See Audio Stream Control Service - 5 ASE Control operations.
     '''
 
-    classes: Dict[int, Type[ASE_Operation]] = {}
+    classes: dict[int, type[ASE_Operation]] = {}
-    op_code: int
+    op_code: Opcode
     name: str
     fields: Optional[Sequence[Any]] = None
-    ase_id: List[int]
+    ase_id: Sequence[int]
 
     class Opcode(enum.IntEnum):
         # fmt: off
@@ -65,51 +63,30 @@ class ASE_Operation:
         UPDATE_METADATA      = 0x07
         RELEASE              = 0x08
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def from_bytes(pdu: bytes) -> ASE_Operation:
+    def from_bytes(cls, pdu: bytes) -> ASE_Operation:
         op_code = pdu[0]
 
-        cls = ASE_Operation.classes.get(op_code)
+        clazz = ASE_Operation.classes[op_code]
-        if cls is None:
+        return clazz(
-            instance = ASE_Operation(pdu)
+            **hci.HCI_Object.dict_from_bytes(pdu, offset=1, fields=clazz.fields)
-            instance.name = ASE_Operation.Opcode(op_code).name
+        )
-            instance.op_code = op_code
-            return instance
-        self = cls.__new__(cls)
-        ASE_Operation.__init__(self, pdu)
-        if self.fields is not None:
-            self.init_from_bytes(pdu, 1)
-        return self
 
-    @staticmethod
+    _OP = TypeVar("_OP", bound="ASE_Operation")
-    def subclass(fields):
-        def inner(cls: Type[ASE_Operation]):
-            try:
-                operation = ASE_Operation.Opcode[cls.__name__[4:].upper()]
-                cls.name = operation.name
-                cls.op_code = operation
-            except:
-                raise KeyError(f'PDU name {cls.name} not found in Ase_Operation.Opcode')
-            cls.fields = fields
 
-            # Register a factory for this class
+    @classmethod
-            ASE_Operation.classes[cls.op_code] = cls
+    def subclass(cls, clazz: type[_OP]) -> type[_OP]:
+        clazz.name = f"ASE_{clazz.op_code.name.upper()}"
+        clazz.fields = hci.HCI_Object.fields_from_dataclass(clazz)
+        # Register a factory for this class
+        ASE_Operation.classes[clazz.op_code] = clazz
+        return clazz
 
-            return cls
+    @functools.cached_property
-
+    def pdu(self) -> bytes:
-        return inner
+        return bytes([self.op_code]) + hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(
-
+            self.__dict__, self.fields
-    def __init__(self, pdu: Optional[bytes] = None, **kwargs) -> None:
+        )
-        if self.fields is not None and kwargs:
-            hci.HCI_Object.init_from_fields(self, self.fields, kwargs)
-        if pdu is None:
-            pdu = bytes([self.op_code]) + hci.HCI_Object.dict_to_bytes(
-                kwargs, self.fields
-            )
-        self.pdu = pdu
-
-    def init_from_bytes(self, pdu: bytes, offset: int):
-        return hci.HCI_Object.init_from_bytes(self, pdu, offset, self.fields)
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
         return self.pdu
@@ -124,105 +101,128 @@ class ASE_Operation:
         return result
 
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass(
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
-    [
+@dataclass
-        [
-            ('ase_id', 1),
-            ('target_latency', 1),
-            ('target_phy', 1),
-            ('codec_id', hci.CodingFormat.parse_from_bytes),
-            ('codec_specific_configuration', 'v'),
-        ],
-    ]
-)
 class ASE_Config_Codec(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.1 - Config Codec Operation
     '''
 
-    target_latency: List[int]
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.CONFIG_CODEC
-    target_phy: List[int]
+
-    codec_id: List[hci.CodingFormat]
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True))
-    codec_specific_configuration: List[bytes]
+    target_latency: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    target_phy: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    codec_id: Sequence[hci.CodingFormat] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(hci.CodingFormat.parse_from_bytes)
+    )
+    codec_specific_configuration: Sequence[bytes] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata('v', list_end=True)
+    )
 
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass(
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
-    [
+@dataclass
-        [
-            ('ase_id', 1),
-            ('cig_id', 1),
-            ('cis_id', 1),
-            ('sdu_interval', 3),
-            ('framing', 1),
-            ('phy', 1),
-            ('max_sdu', 2),
-            ('retransmission_number', 1),
-            ('max_transport_latency', 2),
-            ('presentation_delay', 3),
-        ],
-    ]
-)
 class ASE_Config_QOS(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.2 - Config Qos Operation
     '''
 
-    cig_id: List[int]
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.CONFIG_QOS
-    cis_id: List[int]
+
-    sdu_interval: List[int]
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True))
-    framing: List[int]
+    cig_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-    phy: List[int]
+    cis_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-    max_sdu: List[int]
+    sdu_interval: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(3))
-    retransmission_number: List[int]
+    framing: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-    max_transport_latency: List[int]
+    phy: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
-    presentation_delay: List[int]
+    max_sdu: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    retransmission_number: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1))
+    max_transport_latency: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(2))
+    presentation_delay: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(3, list_end=True))
 
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1), ('metadata', 'v')]])
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Enable(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.3 - Enable Operation
     '''
 
-    metadata: bytes
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.ENABLE
+
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True))
+    metadata: Sequence[bytes] = field(metadata=hci.metadata('v', list_end=True))
 
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1)]])
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Receiver_Start_Ready(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.4 - Receiver Start Ready Operation
     '''
 
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.RECEIVER_START_READY
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1)]])
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
+
+
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Disable(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.5 - Disable Operation
     '''
 
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.DISABLE
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1)]])
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
+
+
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Receiver_Stop_Ready(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.6 - Receiver Stop Ready Operation
     '''
 
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.RECEIVER_STOP_READY
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1), ('metadata', 'v')]])
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
+
+
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Update_Metadata(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.7 - Update Metadata Operation
     '''
 
-    metadata: List[bytes]
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.UPDATE_METADATA
+
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True))
+    metadata: Sequence[bytes] = field(metadata=hci.metadata('v', list_end=True))
 
 
-@ASE_Operation.subclass([[('ase_id', 1)]])
+@ASE_Operation.subclass
+@dataclass
 class ASE_Release(ASE_Operation):
     '''
     See Audio Stream Control Service 5.8 - Release Operation
     '''
 
+    op_code = ASE_Operation.Opcode.RELEASE
+
+    ase_id: Sequence[int] = field(
+        metadata=hci.metadata(1, list_begin=True, list_end=True)
+    )
+
 
 class AseResponseCode(enum.IntEnum):
     # fmt: off
@@ -338,22 +338,16 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
             self.service.device.EVENT_CIS_ESTABLISHMENT, self.on_cis_establishment
         )
 
-    def on_cis_request(
+    def on_cis_request(self, cis_link: device.CisLink) -> None:
-        self,
-        acl_connection: device.Connection,
-        cis_handle: int,
-        cig_id: int,
-        cis_id: int,
-    ) -> None:
         if (
-            cig_id == self.cig_id
+            cis_link.cig_id == self.cig_id
-            and cis_id == self.cis_id
+            and cis_link.cis_id == self.cis_id
             and self.state == self.State.ENABLING
         ):
             utils.cancel_on_event(
-                acl_connection,
+                cis_link.acl_connection,
                 'flush',
-                self.service.device.accept_cis_request(cis_handle),
+                self.service.device.accept_cis_request(cis_link),
             )
 
     def on_cis_establishment(self, cis_link: device.CisLink) -> None:
@@ -384,7 +378,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
         target_phy: int,
         codec_id: hci.CodingFormat,
         codec_specific_configuration: bytes,
-    ) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    ) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state not in (
             self.State.IDLE,
             self.State.CODEC_CONFIGURED,
@@ -420,7 +414,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
         retransmission_number: int,
         max_transport_latency: int,
         presentation_delay: int,
-    ) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    ) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state not in (
             AseStateMachine.State.CODEC_CONFIGURED,
             AseStateMachine.State.QOS_CONFIGURED,
@@ -444,7 +438,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 
         return (AseResponseCode.SUCCESS, AseReasonCode.NONE)
 
-    def on_enable(self, metadata: bytes) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    def on_enable(self, metadata: bytes) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state != AseStateMachine.State.QOS_CONFIGURED:
             return (
                 AseResponseCode.INVALID_ASE_STATE_MACHINE_TRANSITION,
@@ -453,10 +447,20 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 
         self.metadata = le_audio.Metadata.from_bytes(metadata)
         self.state = self.State.ENABLING
+        # CIS could be established before enable.
+        if cis_link := next(
+            (
+                cis_link
+                for cis_link in self.service.device.cis_links.values()
+                if cis_link.cig_id == self.cig_id and cis_link.cis_id == self.cis_id
+            ),
+            None,
+        ):
+            self.on_cis_establishment(cis_link)
 
         return (AseResponseCode.SUCCESS, AseReasonCode.NONE)
 
-    def on_receiver_start_ready(self) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    def on_receiver_start_ready(self) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state != AseStateMachine.State.ENABLING:
             return (
                 AseResponseCode.INVALID_ASE_STATE_MACHINE_TRANSITION,
@@ -465,7 +469,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
         self.state = self.State.STREAMING
         return (AseResponseCode.SUCCESS, AseReasonCode.NONE)
 
-    def on_disable(self) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    def on_disable(self) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state not in (
             AseStateMachine.State.ENABLING,
             AseStateMachine.State.STREAMING,
@@ -480,7 +484,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
             self.state = self.State.DISABLING
         return (AseResponseCode.SUCCESS, AseReasonCode.NONE)
 
-    def on_receiver_stop_ready(self) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    def on_receiver_stop_ready(self) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if (
             self.role != AudioRole.SOURCE
             or self.state != AseStateMachine.State.DISABLING
@@ -494,7 +498,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 
     def on_update_metadata(
         self, metadata: bytes
-    ) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    ) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state not in (
             AseStateMachine.State.ENABLING,
             AseStateMachine.State.STREAMING,
@@ -506,7 +510,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
         self.metadata = le_audio.Metadata.from_bytes(metadata)
         return (AseResponseCode.SUCCESS, AseReasonCode.NONE)
 
-    def on_release(self) -> Tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
+    def on_release(self) -> tuple[AseResponseCode, AseReasonCode]:
         if self.state == AseStateMachine.State.IDLE:
             return (
                 AseResponseCode.INVALID_ASE_STATE_MACHINE_TRANSITION,
@@ -516,7 +520,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 
         async def remove_cis_async():
             if self.cis_link:
-                await self.cis_link.remove_data_path(self.role)
+                await self.cis_link.remove_data_path([self.role])
             self.state = self.State.IDLE
             await self.service.device.notify_subscribers(self, self.value)
 
@@ -590,7 +594,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
         # Readonly. Do nothing in the setter.
         pass
 
-    def on_read(self, _: Optional[device.Connection]) -> bytes:
+    def on_read(self, _: device.Connection) -> bytes:
         return self.value
 
     def __str__(self) -> str:
@@ -604,7 +608,7 @@ class AseStateMachine(gatt.Characteristic):
 class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
     UUID = gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE
 
-    ase_state_machines: Dict[int, AseStateMachine]
+    ase_state_machines: dict[int, AseStateMachine]
     ase_control_point: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
     _active_client: Optional[device.Connection] = None
 
@@ -649,7 +653,9 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
             ase.state = AseStateMachine.State.IDLE
         self._active_client = None
 
-    def on_write_ase_control_point(self, connection, data):
+    def on_write_ase_control_point(
+        self, connection: device.Connection, data: bytes
+    ) -> None:
         if not self._active_client and connection:
             self._active_client = connection
             connection.once('disconnection', self._on_client_disconnected)
@@ -658,7 +664,7 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
         responses = []
         logger.debug(f'*** ASCS Write {operation} ***')
 
-        if operation.op_code == ASE_Operation.Opcode.CONFIG_CODEC:
+        if isinstance(operation, ASE_Config_Codec):
             for ase_id, *args in zip(
                 operation.ase_id,
                 operation.target_latency,
@@ -667,7 +673,7 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
                 operation.codec_specific_configuration,
             ):
                 responses.append(self.on_operation(operation.op_code, ase_id, args))
-        elif operation.op_code == ASE_Operation.Opcode.CONFIG_QOS:
+        elif isinstance(operation, ASE_Config_QOS):
             for ase_id, *args in zip(
                 operation.ase_id,
                 operation.cig_id,
@@ -681,20 +687,20 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
                 operation.presentation_delay,
             ):
                 responses.append(self.on_operation(operation.op_code, ase_id, args))
-        elif operation.op_code in (
+        elif isinstance(operation, (ASE_Enable, ASE_Update_Metadata)):
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.ENABLE,
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.UPDATE_METADATA,
-        ):
             for ase_id, *args in zip(
                 operation.ase_id,
                 operation.metadata,
             ):
                 responses.append(self.on_operation(operation.op_code, ase_id, args))
-        elif operation.op_code in (
+        elif isinstance(
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.RECEIVER_START_READY,
+            operation,
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.DISABLE,
+            (
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.RECEIVER_STOP_READY,
+                ASE_Receiver_Start_Ready,
-            ASE_Operation.Opcode.RELEASE,
+                ASE_Disable,
+                ASE_Receiver_Stop_Ready,
+                ASE_Release,
+            ),
         ):
             for ase_id in operation.ase_id:
                 responses.append(self.on_operation(operation.op_code, ase_id, []))
@@ -723,8 +729,8 @@ class AudioStreamControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
 class AudioStreamControlServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = AudioStreamControlService
 
-    sink_ase: List[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
+    sink_ase: list[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
-    source_ase: List[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
+    source_ase: list[gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]]
     ase_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy[bytes]
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy):

bumble/profiles/asha.py

@@ -17,16 +17,13 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import enum
-import struct
 import logging
-from typing import List, Optional, Callable, Union, Any
+import struct
+from typing import Any, Callable, Optional, Union
 
-from bumble import l2cap
+from bumble import data_types, gatt, gatt_client, l2cap, utils
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
 from bumble.core import AdvertisingData
-from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
@@ -103,7 +100,7 @@ class AshaService(gatt.TemplateService):
     def __init__(
         self,
         capability: int,
-        hisyncid: Union[List[int], bytes],
+        hisyncid: Union[list[int], bytes],
         device: Device,
         psm: int = 0,
         audio_sink: Optional[Callable[[bytes], Any]] = None,
@@ -188,19 +185,18 @@ class AshaService(gatt.TemplateService):
         return bytes(
             AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
-                        AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        gatt.GATT_ASHA_SERVICE,
-                        bytes(gatt.GATT_ASHA_SERVICE)
+                        bytes([self.protocol_version, self.capability])
-                        + bytes([self.protocol_version, self.capability])
                         + self.hisyncid[:4],
-                    ),
+                    )
                 ]
             )
         )
 
     # Handler for audio control commands
     async def _on_audio_control_point_write(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ) -> None:
         _logger.debug(f'--- AUDIO CONTROL POINT Write:{value.hex()}')
         opcode = value[0]
@@ -247,7 +243,7 @@ class AshaService(gatt.TemplateService):
             )
 
     # Handler for volume control
-    def _on_volume_write(self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes) -> None:
+    def _on_volume_write(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
         _logger.debug(f'--- VOLUME Write:{value[0]}')
         self.volume = value[0]
         self.emit(self.EVENT_VOLUME_CHANGED)

bumble/profiles/bap.py

@@ -18,22 +18,18 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from collections.abc import Sequence
 import dataclasses
 import enum
-import struct
 import functools
 import logging
-from typing import List
+import struct
+from collections.abc import Sequence
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, data_types, gatt, hci, utils
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -261,11 +257,10 @@ class UnicastServerAdvertisingData:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE,
                         struct.pack(
-                            '<2sBIB',
+                            '<BIB',
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_AUDIO_STREAM_CONTROL_SERVICE),
                             self.announcement_type,
                             self.available_audio_contexts,
                             len(self.metadata),
@@ -282,7 +277,7 @@ class UnicastServerAdvertisingData:
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def bits_to_channel_counts(data: int) -> List[int]:
+def bits_to_channel_counts(data: int) -> list[int]:
     pos = 0
     counts = []
     while data != 0:
@@ -494,12 +489,8 @@ class BroadcastAudioAnnouncement:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE, bytes(self)
-                        (
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BROADCAST_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
-                            + bytes(self)
-                        ),
                     )
                 ]
             )
@@ -527,7 +518,7 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
         codec_id: hci.CodingFormat
         codec_specific_configuration: CodecSpecificConfiguration
         metadata: le_audio.Metadata
-        bis: List[BasicAudioAnnouncement.BIS]
+        bis: list[BasicAudioAnnouncement.BIS]
 
         def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
             metadata_bytes = bytes(self.metadata)
@@ -545,7 +536,7 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
             )
 
     presentation_delay: int
-    subgroups: List[BasicAudioAnnouncement.Subgroup]
+    subgroups: list[BasicAudioAnnouncement.Subgroup]
 
     @classmethod
     def from_bytes(cls, data: bytes) -> Self:
@@ -611,12 +602,8 @@ class BasicAudioAnnouncement:
         return bytes(
             core.AdvertisingData(
                 [
-                    (
+                    data_types.ServiceData16BitUUID(
-                        core.AdvertisingData.SERVICE_DATA_16_BIT_UUID,
+                        gatt.GATT_BASIC_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE, bytes(self)
-                        (
-                            bytes(gatt.GATT_BASIC_AUDIO_ANNOUNCEMENT_SERVICE)
-                            + bytes(self)
-                        ),
                     )
                 ]
             )

bumble/profiles/bass.py

@@ -17,18 +17,13 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
 from typing import ClassVar, Optional, Sequence
 
-from bumble import core
+from bumble import core, device, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, hci, utils
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
-from bumble import utils
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging

bumble/profiles/battery_service.py

@@ -18,19 +18,18 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from typing import Optional
 
-from bumble.gatt_client import ProfileServiceProxy
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    GATT_BATTERY_SERVICE,
     GATT_BATTERY_LEVEL_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
+    GATT_BATTERY_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicValue,
+    TemplateService,
 )
-from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     PackedCharacteristicAdapter,
     PackedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
 )
+from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/profiles/cap.py

@@ -18,8 +18,7 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from bumble import gatt
+from bumble import gatt, gatt_client
-from bumble import gatt_client
 from bumble.profiles import csip
 
 

bumble/profiles/csip.py

@@ -17,16 +17,12 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import enum
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
-
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import crypto
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
 
+from bumble import core, crypto, device, gatt, gatt_client
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -164,12 +160,10 @@ class CoordinatedSetIdentificationService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
         super().__init__(characteristics)
 
-    async def on_sirk_read(self, connection: Optional[device.Connection]) -> bytes:
+    async def on_sirk_read(self, connection: device.Connection) -> bytes:
         if self.set_identity_resolving_key_type == SirkType.PLAINTEXT:
             sirk_bytes = self.set_identity_resolving_key
         else:
-            assert connection
-
             if connection.transport == core.PhysicalTransport.LE:
                 key = await connection.device.get_long_term_key(
                     connection_handle=connection.handle, rand=b'', ediv=0
@@ -230,7 +224,7 @@ class CoordinatedSetIdentificationProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
         ):
             self.set_member_rank = characteristics[0]
 
-    async def read_set_identity_resolving_key(self) -> Tuple[SirkType, bytes]:
+    async def read_set_identity_resolving_key(self) -> tuple[SirkType, bytes]:
         '''Reads SIRK and decrypts if encrypted.'''
         response = await self.set_identity_resolving_key.read_value()
         if len(response) != SET_IDENTITY_RESOLVING_KEY_LENGTH + 1:

bumble/profiles/device_information_service.py

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Tuple
+from typing import Optional
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_DEVICE_INFORMATION_SERVICE,
@@ -25,12 +25,12 @@ from bumble.gatt import (
     GATT_HARDWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_MANUFACTURER_NAME_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_MODEL_NUMBER_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_REGULATORY_CERTIFICATION_DATA_LIST_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SERIAL_NUMBER_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SOFTWARE_REVISION_STRING_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_SYSTEM_ID_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_REGULATORY_CERTIFICATION_DATA_LIST_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
     Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class DeviceInformationService(TemplateService):
         hardware_revision: Optional[str] = None,
         firmware_revision: Optional[str] = None,
         software_revision: Optional[str] = None,
-        system_id: Optional[Tuple[int, int]] = None,  # (OUI, Manufacturer ID)
+        system_id: Optional[tuple[int, int]] = None,  # (OUI, Manufacturer ID)
         ieee_regulatory_certification_data_list: Optional[bytes] = None,
         # TODO: pnp_id
     ):

bumble/profiles/gap.py

@@ -19,15 +19,15 @@
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import logging
 import struct
-from typing import Optional, Tuple, Union
+from typing import Optional, Union
 
 from bumble.core import Appearance
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
-    Characteristic,
-    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
-    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_APPEARANCE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_DEVICE_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_GENERIC_ACCESS_SERVICE,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter,
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ class GenericAccessService(TemplateService):
     appearance_characteristic: Characteristic[bytes]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, device_name: str, appearance: Union[Appearance, Tuple[int, int], int] = 0
+        self, device_name: str, appearance: Union[Appearance, tuple[int, int], int] = 0
     ):
         if isinstance(appearance, int):
             appearance_int = appearance

bumble/profiles/gatt_service.py

@@ -17,10 +17,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import struct
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
 
-from bumble import att
+from bumble import att, crypto, gatt, gatt_client
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import crypto
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from bumble import device
@@ -127,9 +124,7 @@ class GenericAttributeProfileService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
         return b''
 
-    def get_database_hash(self, connection: device.Connection | None) -> bytes:
+    def get_database_hash(self, connection: device.Connection) -> bytes:
-        assert connection
-
         m = b''.join(
             [
                 self.get_attribute_data(attribute)

bumble/profiles/gmap.py

@@ -18,21 +18,21 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 import struct
+from enum import IntFlag
 from typing import Optional
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
+    GATT_BGR_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    Characteristic,
+    GATT_BGS_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_GAMING_AUDIO_SERVICE,
     GATT_GMAP_ROLE_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_UGG_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_UGT_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    GATT_BGS_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    Characteristic,
-    GATT_BGR_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
-from enum import IntFlag
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/profiles/hap.py

@@ -16,16 +16,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-import asyncio
-import functools
-from dataclasses import dataclass, field
-import logging
-from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Set, Union
 
-from bumble import att, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client
+import asyncio
+import logging
+from dataclasses import dataclass, field
+from typing import Any, Optional, Union
+
+from bumble import att, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, utils
 from bumble.core import InvalidArgumentError, InvalidStateError
-from bumble.device import Device, Connection
+from bumble.device import Connection, Device
-from bumble import utils
 from bumble.hci import Address
 
 
@@ -228,23 +227,25 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
     hearing_aid_preset_control_point: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
     active_preset_index_characteristic: gatt.Characteristic[bytes]
     active_preset_index: int
-    active_preset_index_per_device: Dict[Address, int]
+    active_preset_index_per_device: dict[Address, int]
 
     device: Device
 
     server_features: HearingAidFeatures
-    preset_records: Dict[int, PresetRecord]  # key is the preset index
+    preset_records: dict[int, PresetRecord]  # key is the preset index
     read_presets_request_in_progress: bool
 
-    preset_changed_operations_history_per_device: Dict[
+    other_server_in_binaural_set: Optional[HearingAccessService] = None
-        Address, List[PresetChangedOperation]
+
+    preset_changed_operations_history_per_device: dict[
+        Address, list[PresetChangedOperation]
     ]
 
     # Keep an updated list of connected client to send notification to
-    currently_connected_clients: Set[Connection]
+    currently_connected_clients: set[Connection]
 
     def __init__(
-        self, device: Device, features: HearingAidFeatures, presets: List[PresetRecord]
+        self, device: Device, features: HearingAidFeatures, presets: list[PresetRecord]
     ) -> None:
         self.active_preset_index_per_device = {}
         self.read_presets_request_in_progress = False
@@ -270,14 +271,21 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         def on_connection(connection: Connection) -> None:
             @connection.on(connection.EVENT_DISCONNECTION)
             def on_disconnection(_reason) -> None:
-                self.currently_connected_clients.remove(connection)
+                self.currently_connected_clients.discard(connection)
+
+            @connection.on(connection.EVENT_CONNECTION_ATT_MTU_UPDATE)
+            def on_mtu_update(*_: Any) -> None:
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
+
+            @connection.on(connection.EVENT_CONNECTION_ENCRYPTION_CHANGE)
+            def on_encryption_change(*_: Any) -> None:
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
 
             @connection.on(connection.EVENT_PAIRING)
             def on_pairing(*_: Any) -> None:
-                self.on_incoming_paired_connection(connection)
+                self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
 
-            if connection.peer_resolvable_address:
+            self.on_incoming_connection(connection)
-                self.on_incoming_paired_connection(connection)
 
         self.hearing_aid_features_characteristic = gatt.Characteristic(
             uuid=gatt.GATT_HEARING_AID_FEATURES_CHARACTERISTIC,
@@ -314,9 +322,30 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             ]
         )
 
-    def on_incoming_paired_connection(self, connection: Connection):
+    def on_incoming_connection(self, connection: Connection):
         '''Setup initial operations to handle a remote bonded HAP device'''
         # TODO Should we filter on HAP device only ?
+
+        if not connection.is_encrypted:
+            logging.debug(f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} is not encrypted')
+            return
+
+        if not connection.peer_resolvable_address:
+            logging.debug(f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} is not paired')
+            return
+
+        if connection.att_mtu < 49:
+            logging.debug(
+                f'HAS: {connection.peer_address} invalid MTU={connection.att_mtu}'
+            )
+            return
+
+        if connection.peer_address in self.currently_connected_clients:
+            logging.debug(
+                f'HAS: Already connected to {connection.peer_address} nothing to do'
+            )
+            return
+
         self.currently_connected_clients.add(connection)
         if (
             connection.peer_address
@@ -333,11 +362,10 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             # Update the active preset index if needed
             await self.notify_active_preset_for_connection(connection)
 
-        utils.cancel_on_event(connection, 'disconnection', on_connection_async())
+        connection.cancel_on_disconnection(on_connection_async())
 
-    def _on_read_active_preset_index(
+    def _on_read_active_preset_index(self, connection: Connection) -> bytes:
-        self, __connection__: Optional[Connection]
+        del connection  # Unused
-    ) -> bytes:
         return bytes([self.active_preset_index])
 
     # TODO this need to be triggered when device is unbonded
@@ -345,18 +373,13 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         self.preset_changed_operations_history_per_device.pop(addr)
 
     async def _on_write_hearing_aid_preset_control_point(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
-        assert connection
-
         opcode = HearingAidPresetControlPointOpcode(value[0])
         handler = getattr(self, '_on_' + opcode.name.lower())
         await handler(connection, value)
 
-    async def _on_read_presets_request(
+    async def _on_read_presets_request(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes):
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
-    ):
-        assert connection
         if connection.att_mtu < 49:  # 2.5. GATT sub-procedure requirements
             logging.warning(f'HAS require MTU >= 49: {connection}')
 
@@ -377,17 +400,19 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             self.preset_records[key]
             for key in sorted(self.preset_records.keys())
             if self.preset_records[key].index >= start_index
-        ]
+        ][:num_presets]
-        del presets[num_presets:]
         if len(presets) == 0:
             raise att.ATT_Error(att.ErrorCode.OUT_OF_RANGE)
 
         utils.AsyncRunner.spawn(self._read_preset_response(connection, presets))
 
     async def _read_preset_response(
-        self, connection: Connection, presets: List[PresetRecord]
+        self, connection: Connection, presets: list[PresetRecord]
     ):
-        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are sent, then the server shall consider the Read Presets Request operation aborted and shall not either continue or restart the operation when the client reconnects.
+        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are
+        # sent, then the server shall consider the Read Presets Request operation
+        # aborted and shall not either continue or restart the operation when the client
+        # reconnects.
         try:
             for i, preset in enumerate(presets):
                 await connection.device.indicate_subscriber(
@@ -408,7 +433,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
 
     async def generic_update(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
         '''Server API to perform a generic update. It is the responsibility of the caller to modify the preset_records to match the PresetChangedOperation being sent'''
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(op)
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(op)
 
     async def delete_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to delete a preset. It should not be the current active preset'''
@@ -417,14 +442,14 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             raise InvalidStateError('Cannot delete active preset')
 
         del self.preset_records[index]
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationDeleted(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationDeleted(index))
 
     async def available_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to make a preset available'''
 
         preset = self.preset_records[index]
         preset.properties.is_available = PresetRecord.Property.IsAvailable.IS_AVAILABLE
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationAvailable(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationAvailable(index))
 
     async def unavailable_preset(self, index: int) -> None:
         '''Server API to make a preset unavailable. It should not be the current active preset'''
@@ -436,7 +461,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         preset.properties.is_available = (
             PresetRecord.Property.IsAvailable.IS_UNAVAILABLE
         )
-        await self._notifyPresetOperations(PresetChangedOperationUnavailable(index))
+        await self._notify_preset_operations(PresetChangedOperationUnavailable(index))
 
     async def _preset_changed_operation(self, connection: Connection) -> None:
         '''Send all PresetChangedOperation saved for a given connection'''
@@ -451,30 +476,31 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
             return op.additional_parameters
 
         op_list.sort(key=get_op_index)
-        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are sent, then the server shall consider the Preset Changed operation aborted and shall continue the operation when the client reconnects.
+        # If the ATT bearer is terminated before all notifications or indications are
-        while len(op_list) > 0:
+        # sent, then the server shall consider the Preset Changed operation aborted and
+        # shall continue the operation when the client reconnects.
+        while op_list:
             try:
                 await connection.device.indicate_subscriber(
                     connection,
                     self.hearing_aid_preset_control_point,
                     value=op_list[0].to_bytes(len(op_list) == 1),
+                    force=True,  # TODO GATT notification subscription should be persistent
                 )
                 # Remove item once sent, and keep the non sent item in the list
                 op_list.pop(0)
             except TimeoutError:
                 break
 
-    async def _notifyPresetOperations(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
+    async def _notify_preset_operations(self, op: PresetChangedOperation) -> None:
-        for historyList in self.preset_changed_operations_history_per_device.values():
+        for history_list in self.preset_changed_operations_history_per_device.values():
-            historyList.append(op)
+            history_list.append(op)
 
         for connection in self.currently_connected_clients:
             await self._preset_changed_operation(connection)
 
-    async def _on_write_preset_name(
+    async def _on_write_preset_name(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes):
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
+        del connection  # Unused
-    ):
-        assert connection
 
         if self.read_presets_request_in_progress:
             raise att.ATT_Error(att.ErrorCode.PROCEDURE_ALREADY_IN_PROGRESS)
@@ -522,10 +548,7 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         for connection in self.currently_connected_clients:
             await self.notify_active_preset_for_connection(connection)
 
-    async def set_active_preset(
+    async def set_active_preset(self, value: bytes) -> None:
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
-    ) -> None:
-        assert connection
         index = value[1]
         preset = self.preset_records.get(index, None)
         if (
@@ -542,86 +565,85 @@ class HearingAccessService(gatt.TemplateService):
         self.active_preset_index = index
         await self.notify_active_preset()
 
-    async def _on_set_active_preset(
+    async def _on_set_active_preset(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes):
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
+        del connection  # Unused
-    ):
+        await self.set_active_preset(value)
-        await self.set_active_preset(connection, value)
 
-    async def set_next_or_previous_preset(
+    async def set_next_or_previous_preset(self, is_previous: bool) -> None:
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], is_previous
-    ):
         '''Set the next or the previous preset as active'''
-        assert connection
 
         if self.active_preset_index == 0x00:
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_OPERATION_NOT_POSSIBLE)
 
-        first_preset: Optional[PresetRecord] = None  # To loop to first preset
+        presets = sorted(
-        next_preset: Optional[PresetRecord] = None
+            [
-        for index, record in sorted(self.preset_records.items(), reverse=is_previous):
+                record
-            if not record.is_available():
+                for record in self.preset_records.values()
-                continue
+                if record.is_available()
-            if first_preset == None:
+            ],
-                first_preset = record
+            key=lambda record: record.index,
-            if is_previous:
+        )
-                if index >= self.active_preset_index:
+        current_preset = self.preset_records[self.active_preset_index]
-                    continue
+        current_preset_pos = presets.index(current_preset)
-            elif index <= self.active_preset_index:
+        if is_previous:
-                continue
+            new_preset = presets[(current_preset_pos - 1) % len(presets)]
-            next_preset = record
+        else:
-            break
+            new_preset = presets[(current_preset_pos + 1) % len(presets)]
 
-        if not first_preset:  # If no other preset are available
+        if current_preset == new_preset:  # If no other preset are available
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_OPERATION_NOT_POSSIBLE)
 
-        if next_preset:
+        self.active_preset_index = new_preset.index
-            self.active_preset_index = next_preset.index
-        else:
-            self.active_preset_index = first_preset.index
         await self.notify_active_preset()
 
-    async def _on_set_next_preset(
+    async def _on_set_next_preset(self, connection: Connection, value: bytes) -> None:
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], __value__: bytes
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
-    ) -> None:
+        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(False)
-        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(connection, False)
 
     async def _on_set_previous_preset(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], __value__: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ) -> None:
-        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(connection, True)
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
+        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(True)
 
     async def _on_set_active_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], value: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
-            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_SUPPORTED
+            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
         ):
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_NOT_SUPPORTED)
-        await self.set_active_preset(connection, value)
+        await self.set_active_preset(value)
-        # TODO (low priority) inform other server of the change
+        if self.other_server_in_binaural_set:
+            await self.other_server_in_binaural_set.set_active_preset(value)
 
     async def _on_set_next_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], __value__: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
-            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_SUPPORTED
+            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
         ):
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_NOT_SUPPORTED)
-        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(connection, False)
+        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(False)
-        # TODO (low priority) inform other server of the change
+        if self.other_server_in_binaural_set:
+            await self.other_server_in_binaural_set.set_next_or_previous_preset(False)
 
     async def _on_set_previous_preset_synchronized_locally(
-        self, connection: Optional[Connection], __value__: bytes
+        self, connection: Connection, value: bytes
     ):
+        del connection, value  # Unused.
         if (
             self.server_features.preset_synchronization_support
-            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_SUPPORTED
+            == PresetSynchronizationSupport.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_IS_NOT_SUPPORTED
         ):
             raise att.ATT_Error(ErrorCode.PRESET_SYNCHRONIZATION_NOT_SUPPORTED)
-        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(connection, True)
+        await self.set_next_or_previous_preset(True)
-        # TODO (low priority) inform other server of the change
+        if self.other_server_in_binaural_set:
+            await self.other_server_in_binaural_set.set_next_or_previous_preset(True)
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -631,11 +653,13 @@ class HearingAccessServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
     SERVICE_CLASS = HearingAccessService
 
     hearing_aid_preset_control_point: gatt_client.CharacteristicProxy
-    preset_control_point_indications: asyncio.Queue
+    preset_control_point_indications: asyncio.Queue[bytes]
-    active_preset_index_notification: asyncio.Queue
+    active_preset_index_notification: asyncio.Queue[bytes]
 
     def __init__(self, service_proxy: gatt_client.ServiceProxy) -> None:
         self.service_proxy = service_proxy
+        self.preset_control_point_indications = asyncio.Queue()
+        self.active_preset_index_notification = asyncio.Queue()
 
         self.server_features = gatt_adapters.PackedCharacteristicProxyAdapter(
             service_proxy.get_characteristics_by_uuid(
@@ -657,20 +681,12 @@ class HearingAccessServiceProxy(gatt_client.ProfileServiceProxy):
             'B',
         )
 
-    async def setup_subscription(self):
+    async def setup_subscription(self) -> None:
-        self.preset_control_point_indications = asyncio.Queue()
-        self.active_preset_index_notification = asyncio.Queue()
-
-        def on_active_preset_index_notification(data: bytes):
-            self.active_preset_index_notification.put_nowait(data)
-
-        def on_preset_control_point_indication(data: bytes):
-            self.preset_control_point_indications.put_nowait(data)
-
         await self.hearing_aid_preset_control_point.subscribe(
-            functools.partial(on_preset_control_point_indication), prefer_notify=False
+            self.preset_control_point_indications.put_nowait,
+            prefer_notify=False,
         )
 
         await self.active_preset_index.subscribe(
-            functools.partial(on_active_preset_index_notification)
+            self.active_preset_index_notification.put_nowait
         )

bumble/profiles/heart_rate_service.py

@@ -17,20 +17,21 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
-from enum import IntEnum
+
 import struct
+from enum import IntEnum
 from typing import Optional
 
 from bumble import core
 from bumble.att import ATT_Error
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
-    GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_BODY_SENSOR_LOCATION_CHARACTERISTIC,
     GATT_HEART_RATE_CONTROL_POINT_CHARACTERISTIC,
-    TemplateService,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_MEASUREMENT_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    GATT_HEART_RATE_SERVICE,
     Characteristic,
     CharacteristicValue,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import (
     DelegatedCharacteristicAdapter,

bumble/profiles/le_audio.py

@@ -16,14 +16,16 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import struct
-from typing import Any, List, Type
+from typing import Any
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
-from bumble.profiles import bap
 from bumble import utils
+from bumble.profiles import bap
 
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -108,13 +110,13 @@ class Metadata:
             return self.data
 
         @classmethod
-        def from_bytes(cls: Type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
+        def from_bytes(cls: type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
             return cls(tag=Metadata.Tag(data[0]), data=data[1:])
 
         def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
             return bytes([len(self.data) + 1, self.tag]) + self.data
 
-    entries: List[Entry] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
+    entries: list[Entry] = dataclasses.field(default_factory=list)
 
     def pretty_print(self, indent: str) -> str:
         """Convenience method to generate a string with one key-value pair per line."""
@@ -140,7 +142,7 @@ class Metadata:
         )
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_bytes(cls: Type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
+    def from_bytes(cls: type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
         entries = []
         offset = 0
         length = len(data)

bumble/profiles/mcp.py

@@ -22,16 +22,12 @@ import asyncio
 import dataclasses
 import enum
 import struct
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, ClassVar, Optional
 
-from bumble import core
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import utils
-
-from typing import Type, Optional, ClassVar, Dict, TYPE_CHECKING
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
+from bumble import core, device, gatt, gatt_client, utils
+
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -167,7 +163,7 @@ class ObjectId(int):
     '''See Media Control Service 4.4.2. Object ID field.'''
 
     @classmethod
-    def create_from_bytes(cls: Type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
+    def create_from_bytes(cls: type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
         return cls(int.from_bytes(data, byteorder='little', signed=False))
 
     def __bytes__(self) -> bytes:
@@ -182,7 +178,7 @@ class GroupObjectType:
     object_id: ObjectId
 
     @classmethod
-    def from_bytes(cls: Type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
+    def from_bytes(cls: type[Self], data: bytes) -> Self:
         return cls(
             object_type=ObjectType(data[0]),
             object_id=ObjectId.create_from_bytes(data[1:]),
@@ -287,11 +283,8 @@ class MediaControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
         )
 
     async def on_media_control_point(
-        self, connection: Optional[device.Connection], data: bytes
+        self, connection: device.Connection, data: bytes
     ) -> None:
-        if not connection:
-            raise core.InvalidStateError()
-
         opcode = MediaControlPointOpcode(data[0])
 
         await connection.device.notify_subscriber(
@@ -313,7 +306,7 @@ class MediaControlServiceProxy(
 ):
     SERVICE_CLASS = MediaControlService
 
-    _CHARACTERISTICS: ClassVar[Dict[str, core.UUID]] = {
+    _CHARACTERISTICS: ClassVar[dict[str, core.UUID]] = {
         'media_player_name': gatt.GATT_MEDIA_PLAYER_NAME_CHARACTERISTIC,
         'media_player_icon_object_id': gatt.GATT_MEDIA_PLAYER_ICON_OBJECT_ID_CHARACTERISTIC,
         'media_player_icon_url': gatt.GATT_MEDIA_PLAYER_ICON_URL_CHARACTERISTIC,

bumble/profiles/pacs.py

@@ -17,18 +17,15 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import logging
 import struct
 from typing import Optional, Sequence, Union
 
-from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation, CodecSpecificCapabilities, ContextType
+from bumble import gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, hci
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio
-from bumble import gatt
+from bumble.profiles.bap import AudioLocation, CodecSpecificCapabilities, ContextType
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-from bumble import hci
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging

bumble/profiles/pbp.py

@@ -16,8 +16,10 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
+
 from typing_extensions import Self
 
 from bumble.profiles import le_audio

bumble/profiles/tmap.py

@@ -22,15 +22,14 @@ import logging
 import struct
 
 from bumble.gatt import (
-    TemplateService,
-    Characteristic,
     GATT_TELEPHONY_AND_MEDIA_AUDIO_SERVICE,
     GATT_TMAP_ROLE_CHARACTERISTIC,
+    Characteristic,
+    TemplateService,
 )
 from bumble.gatt_adapters import DelegatedCharacteristicProxyAdapter
 from bumble.gatt_client import CharacteristicProxy, ProfileServiceProxy, ServiceProxy
 
-
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Logging
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

bumble/profiles/vcs.py

@@ -17,18 +17,12 @@
 # Imports
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 from __future__ import annotations
+
 import dataclasses
 import enum
+from typing import Sequence
 
-from typing import Optional, Sequence
+from bumble import att, device, gatt, gatt_adapters, gatt_client, utils
-
-from bumble import att
-from bumble import utils
-from bumble import device
-from bumble import gatt
-from bumble import gatt_adapters
-from bumble import gatt_client
-
 
 # -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Constants
@@ -146,14 +140,12 @@ class VolumeControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
             included_services=list(included_services),
         )
 
-    def _on_read_volume_state(self, _connection: Optional[device.Connection]) -> bytes:
+    def _on_read_volume_state(self, _connection: device.Connection) -> bytes:
         return bytes(VolumeState(self.volume_setting, self.muted, self.change_counter))
 
     def _on_write_volume_control_point(
-        self, connection: Optional[device.Connection], value: bytes
+        self, connection: device.Connection, value: bytes
     ) -> None:
-        assert connection
-
         opcode = VolumeControlPointOpcode(value[0])
         change_counter = value[1]
 
@@ -163,10 +155,8 @@ class VolumeControlService(gatt.TemplateService):
         handler = getattr(self, '_on_' + opcode.name.lower())
         if handler(*value[2:]):
             self.change_counter = (self.change_counter + 1) % 256
-            utils.cancel_on_event(
+            connection.cancel_on_disconnection(
-                connection,
+                connection.device.notify_subscribers(attribute=self.volume_state)
-                'disconnection',
-                connection.device.notify_subscribers(attribute=self.volume_state),
             )
             self.emit(self.EVENT_VOLUME_STATE_CHANGE)